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Geologi Struktur
(Gaya & Tegangan)

Oleh : Irvani

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Referensi :
Van Der Pluijm, B. A. and Marshak, S. 2004. Earth Structure. 2nd Edition. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., USA. Rowland, S.M., Duebendorfer, E.M. and Schiefelbein, I.M. 2007. Structural Analysis and Synthesis : A Laboratory Course in Structural Geology. 3th Edition. Blacwell Publishing Ltd. Voctoria, Australia. Bates, R.L. and Jackson, J.A., 1987. Glossary Geology. 3th Edition. American Geological Institute Elexandria, Virginia. Davis, G.H. 1984. Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Ragan, D.M. 2009. Structural Geology : An Introduction to Geometrical Techniques. 4th Edition. Cambridge University Press, New York. Twiss R.J. And Moores, E.M. 2007. Structural Geology. 2nd Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, USA. Ramsey J. and Huber, M. 1983. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology : Strain Analysis. Vol. 1. Academic Press, Inc., London. Ramsey J. and Huber, M. 1987. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology : Fold and Fractures. Vol. 2. Academic Press, Inc., London. Ramsey J. and Huber, M. 2000. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology : Applications of Continuum Mechanics in Structural Geology. Vol. 3. Elsevier Academic Press, Inc., California. Cox, A. and Hart, R.B. 1986. Plate Tectonics : How It Works. Blacwell Scienific Publications, Inc., California. Trouw, R.A.J. and Passchier, C.W. 1996. Microtectonics. Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany. DLL.

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Pokok Bahasan :
V Identifikasi Struk. Geologi (P.10-11) a. Pengukuran dan analisis struktur geologi II Tektonika & Orogenesa (P.2-3) b. Analisis geofisika struktur a. Tektonik lempeng geologi b. Orogenesa I Pendahuluan (P.1) III Gaya, Tegangan, Strain & Deformasi (P.4-5) a. Gaya & Tegangan b. Strain & Deformasi IV Struktur Geologi (P.6-9) a. Unsur struktur b. Lipatan c. Kekar d. Sesar VI Aplikasi Struk. Geologi (P.12-13) a. Mineralisasi b. Migas c. Kebencanaan geologi VII Geologi Struk. Indonesia (P.14) a. Umum b. Sumatra&Jawa c. Bangka Belitung

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I. FORCE

Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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Newtons first law of motion (Law of Inertia) : In the absence of a force a body moves either at constant velocity or is at rest. Change in velocity (acceleration [a]) :

Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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Natural processes can be described with four basic forces: (1) The gravity force (2) The electromagnetic force (3) the nuclear or strong force (4) the weak force Body forces : Forces that result from action of a field at every point within the body are called. Surface forces : Forces that act on a specific surface area in a body are called.
Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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II. STRESS

Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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TWO-DIMENSIONAL STRESS: NORMAL STRESS AND SHEAR STRESS

Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRESS: PRINCIPAL PLANES AND PRINCIPAL STRESSES

Stress at a Point

Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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The Components of Stress

Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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Stress States

Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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DERIVING SOME STRESS RELATIONSHIPS

Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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Some Common Stress States

Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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MEAN STRESS AND DEVIATORIC STRESS

Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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STRESS TRAJECTORIES AND STRESS FIELDS

Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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METHODS OF STRESS MEASUREMENT

Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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Pluijm & Marshak (2004)

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Response to Stress
Temperature has a role in the response of a material to stress, but so does composition. In general rocks with more water in them and which contain more platy minerals (micas, clays) are more prone to ductile deformation. That is why sedimentary rocks in the shallow crust frequently form fold belts, large provinces dominated by folded strata.

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Types of Stress
There are three principal types of stress (as are demonstrated on large scale by the three plate tectonic boundaries): compressive, tensional and shear. Compression occurs when material is squeezed, when bodies are pushed straight together. Tension (or extension) is when material is pulled apart. Shear deformation occurs as two bodies slide past one another.

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..Types of Stress

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Traces of Stress in Rocks

By measuring objects of know undeformed dimensions, we can estimate the nature and magnitude of deformation.

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..... Traces of Stress in Rocks

Orientation of slaty cleavage is another tool to estimate the nature and magnitude of stress on a rock.

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Terima Kasih

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