Abstrak

Penatalaksanaan Hiperpigmentasi
Wajah

Aryani Sudharmono
Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/
Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta

Abstrak: Hiperpigmentasi adalah kelainan pigmentasi kulit yang paling sering ditemukan
pada kulit orang Asia. Hiperpigmentasi disebabkan oleh berbagai macam faktor, termasuk
faktor endokrin (misalnya -MSH), growth factor (misalnya; B-FGF [basic firoblast growth
factor], HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), hormon; kontrasepsi oral, dan kehamilan, iradiasi
UV (meningkatnya sitokin), inflamasi (prostaglandin E1, D2), penggunaan kosmetik, genetik,
dan faktor rasial. Warna kulit seseorang terutama ditentukan oleh jumlah melanin. Fungsi
utama melanin yaitu proteksi terhadap radiasi UV. Peningkatan sintesis melanin atau distribusi
melanin yang tidak merata dapat menyebabkan kelainan hiperpigmentasi. Melanogenesis
terjadi didalam melanosit. Penatalaksanaan hiperpigmentasi wajah harus meliputi upaya
menyeluruh terdiri dari penanggulangan faktor penyebab, pemberian bleaching agents yang
efektif, perlindungan total terhadap pajanan ultraviolet dan pertimbangan letak melanin abnormal di kulit.Berdasarkan letak melanin abnormal dikulit hiperpigmentasi dibagi atas:
hiperpigmentasi epidermal (misalnya; efelid, lentigo, melasma tipe epidermal), hiperpigmentasi
dermal (misalnya; nevus Ota, Melasma dermal, nevus Hori), dan hiperpigmentasi campuran
(misalnya; Hiperpigmentasi pascaradang, melasma tipe campuran) Pada makalah ini
dibicarakan berbagai macam depigmenting agent dan berbagai tindakan (chemical peels,
laser) yang perlu dilakukan terutama pada hiperpigmentasi tipe dermal dan tipe campuran.
Penatalaksanaan hiperpigmentasi wajah sebaiknya dilakukan dengan pendekatan sistematis
mengikuti konsep skin health restoration.
Kata kunci: hiperpigmentasi, faktor etiologi, skin health restoration, effective depigmenting
agent, chemical peels, laser

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Maj Kedokt Indon, Volum: 55, Nomor: 3, Maret 2005

Management of Hyperpigmentation on The Face

Management of Hyperpigmentation on The Face

Aryani Sudharmono
Department of Dermato-venereology, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia/
Central National Hospital Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta

Abstract: Hyperpigmentation is the most common skin pigmentary disorder found in Asian skins.
They can be caused by various factors, including endocrine factors (eg. -MSH, growth factor eg.
B-FGF [basic firoblast growth factor], HGF [hepatocyte growth factor]), hormones; oral contraceptive, and pregnancy, UV irradiation (cytokine increased), inflammation (prostaglandin E1,
D2), use of cosmetics, genetic and racial factors. Melanin is the main factor determining skin
color. Its major function is providing protection against UV radiation. The increased of melanin
synthesis or uneven melanin distribution can cause hyperpigmentation. Melanogenesis occurs in
melanocytes. Management of hyperpigmentation on the face is a comprehensive approach consist
of prevention of etiologic factors, the use of effective bleaching agents, total protection from UV
radiation and considerate the position of the abnormal melanin in the skin. Based on the position
of the abnormal melanin in the skin, hyperpigmentation is divided in to: Epidermal hyperpigmentation (eg. ephelid, lentigines, Epidermal type of melasma), dermal hyperpigmentation (eg. nevus
of Ota, dermal type of melasma, Horis nevus), and mix hyperpigmentation (eg. post inflammatory
hyperpigmentation, mix type of melasma). This paper discuss about various depigmenting agents
and various procedure in treating hyperpigmentation (eg. chemical peels, laser). The management of hyper pigmentation on the face is done by systematic approach based on the skin health
restoration concept.
Keywords: hyperpigmentation, etiologic factors, skin health restoration, effective depigmenting
agent, chemical peels, laser

Maj Kedokt Indon, Volum: 55, Nomor: 3, Maret 2005

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