Untuk menyusun beberapa kalimat pendek menjadi panjang dapat dilakukan dengan cara
disambung-sambung.Yang disambung adalah beberapa kalimat pendek atau gampangnya
biasa disebut frase-frase. Frase-frase ini disambung-sambung agar menjadi panjang, tapi jadi
lebih ringkas.
Syarat menyambung-nyambung frase-frase adalah harus parallelism (=paralel).
Salah satu hal yang penting dalam menyusun kalimat dalam grammar bahasa inggris adalah
konsep parallelism. Dari namanya "parallelism" berarti sejajar.
Simak terlebih dahulu video youtube berikut ini, jika tidak difahami, tetap tonton saja hingga
berakhir, karena dibawahnya ada penjelasan dari video ini.
Jadi, parallelism bertujuan agar diperoleh varian kalimat yang menarik, ringkas, padat dan
tidak membosankan.
Secara singkat, parallelism adalah penyejajaran satu frase dengan frase lainnya.
Contoh dari video youtube di atas:
Kalimat di bawah ini akan digabung, terdiri dari 3 kalimat:
1. The dog is running in the park.
2. The dog is looking for his master.
3. The dog is panting in the summer heat.
Nah, penggabungan dilakukan menjadi berikut:
The dog is running in the park,looking for his master, and panting in the summer heat.
(= Anjing itu berlarian di taman, mencari tuannya, dan terengah-engah di musim yang panas.)
Kalimat penggabungan tidak merubah makna 3 kalimat sebelumnya.
Contoh lainnya:
Terdapat 3 kalimat sederhana di bawah ini:
1. The boy is frolicking in the noonday sun. (= Anak itu bermain-main di tengah terik
matahari.)
2. The boy is running through the water. (= Anak itu berlari melewati (genangan) air.)
3. The boy is looking at a girl down the way. (= Anak itu melihat seorang gadis turun ke jalan.)
Nah, agar paralel, maka dilakukan penggabungan menjadi berikut:
The boy is frolicking in the noonday sun, running through the water, and looking at a girl
down the way. (= Anak itu berman-main di tengah terik matahari, berlarian melewati air,
dan melihat seorang gadis turun ke jalan.)
1.
2.
3.
Contoh salah:
Contoh salah:
Catatan:
Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be,
been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have
been) atau antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.
Contoh: She cant drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active
voice, intransitive)
Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular
atau irregular.
Contoh: play (base form) > played (past participle), sing (base form) > sung (past
participle)
PP
I am paid in dollars.
(Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
The red velvet recipe is used by many people.
the red velvet recipe is
used
(Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
All of my shoes are washed every month.
all of my shoes
are washed
(Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by
large amounts of meat
many people in the countries.
are consumed
and milk
(Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh
banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)
The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks.
the book
was edited
(Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks.
the books
were edited
(Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
I
am paid
Contoh:
I have a great new idea. > tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had
by me.
The snack contains aspartame. > tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is
contained by the snack.
Predikatnya berupa pesona (kata ganti orang, disusul kata ganti orang yang
kehilangan awalan).
Contoh :
- Player played the guitar
The guitar was played by player
- Hundred of people visit the Washington Monument every day
The Washington Monument is visited by hundred of people every day.
- The woman is singing a song
A Song is being sung by the woman.
- Waitresses and waiters serve costumer
Customer is served by them.
- Our goverment develops good aducational system
Good educational system is developed by our goverment.
- They have changed the date of the meeting
Date of the meeting has been changed by them.
- Novry bought some computers yesterday
Some computers were bought by Novry yesterday.