PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL PARSIAL (PDP) New (Compatibility Mode) PDF
PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL PARSIAL (PDP) New (Compatibility Mode) PDF
PARSIAL (PDP)
MATEMATIKA FISIKA II
JURDIK FISIKA FPMIPA UPI
BANDUNG
U =0
2
Persamaan Laplace :
U adalah Skalar
1 du
,
Persamaan Difusi : U = 2
dt
2
= Difusivitas
2
1
u
2
Persamaan Gelombang : U = 2 2
v t
v = Kecepatan Gelombang
Kasus Fisika :
Persamaan Laplace
T=0oC
T=0oC
T=0oC
T=?
T=100
10
y = T=0oC
T=0oC
T=?
T=100oC 10
T=0oC
2T = 0
2T 2T
+ 2 =0
2
x
y
T(x,y)
PDP
P ( x)Q ( y ) P ( x)Q ( y )
+
=0
2
2
x
y
P ( x)
Q ( y )
Q( y )
+ P ( x)
=0
x
y
2
atau
1 P( x
1 Q( y )
=
P( x) x
Q( y ) y
1 P( x)
1 Q ( y )
= k 2
P ( x) x
Q( y ) y
atau
1 P ( x)
= k 2
P( x) x
dP ( x )
+ k 2 P( x) = 0
dx
1 Q( y )
= k2
Q( y ) y
dQ( y )
k 2 Q( y ) = 0
dy
Solusi I
P(x) = A cos kx + B sin kx
Solusi II
Q(y)= Ceky + De-ky
Dengan demikian,
T(x,y) = P(x)Q(y)
T(x,y) = (A cos kx + B sin kx)( Ceky +De-ky)
Ini solusi umum dari PDP terkait kasus fisika yang
ditinjau
Sb
Sb
Sb
Sb
I :
II :
III :
IV :
T(x,) = 0oC
T(0,y) = 0oC
T(10,y) = 0oC
T(x,0) = 100oC
atau
n
k=
10
Sehingga :
nx
T ( x, y ) = BD sin
e
10
n =0
ny
10
T ( x,0) = BD sin
n =0
nx 0
e = 100 o C
10
nx
100 C = BD sin
10
n =0
nx
f ( x ) = bn sin
Deret Fourier Sinus (Fungsi ganjil)
L
n=0
0
2
nx
BD = bn = 100 sin
dx
10 0
10
10
2
nx
bn = f ( x) sin
dx
L0
L
L
nx
10
BD = bn = 20
cos
10 0
n
200
(cos n 1)
BD = bn =
n
10
BD =
0,
400
, n = ganjil
n
n = genap
sehingga
400
nx
T ( x, y ) =
sin
e
10
n =1 n
ny
10
400 y 10 1
n 10
sin e + sin
T ( x, y ) =
e
+
L
3
10
10
2 1
3 2
T (5,5) = 127 sin e + sin
e + L = 26,42o C
2
3
2
T=0oC
T=0oC
T=?
T=100oC
10
Pelat segiempat
y
T=0oC
10
T=0oC
T=?
T=100oC
T=0oC
10
Sb
Sb
Sb
Sb
I :
II :
III :
IV :
T(x,10) = 0oC
T(0,y) = 0oC
T(10,y) = 0oC
T(x,0) = 100oC
e ky = ae ky + be ky
yang nilainya 0 ketika y = 10.
1 10 k
a= e
2
1 10 k
b= e
2
sehingga
ky
ky
1 10 k ky 1 10 k ky
= e e e e
2
2
1 k (10 y ) 1 k (10 y )
= e
e
2
2
ky
1 k (10 y ) 1 k (10 y )
= e
e
2
2
1 k (1010 ) 1 k (1010 ) 1 1
e
e
= =0
2
2
2 2
Dengan demikian :
A = 0,
Sehingga :
B0
atau
n
k=
10
Sehingga :
nx
n
(10 y )
T ( x, y ) = BC sin
sinh
10
10
n =0
nx
n
(10 0) = 100o C
T ( x,0) = BC sin
sinh
10
10
n =0
nx
100 = BC sinh n sin
10
n =0
nx
f ( x) = bn sin
L
n =0
2
nx
bn = f ( x) sin
dx
L0
L
L
2
nx
bn = 100 sin
dx
10 0
10
10
nx
10
bn = 20
cos
10 0
n
200
(cos n 1)
bn =
n
10
BC sinh n = bn =
0,
400
, n = ganjil
n
n = genap
sehingga
bn
BC =
=
sinh n 0,
400
, n = ganjil
n sinh n
n = genap
Dengan demikian :
400
nx
n
(10 y )
T ( x, y ) =
sin
sinh
10
10
n =1, ganjil n sinh n
0
t=0
T=0
T=0
T=100
0
t>0
d 2T
1 dT
= 2
2
dx
dt
Misalkan:
atau
Solusi *
S (t ) = Ce
k 2 2t
Sehingga
-k 2 2t
100
SA : T ( x,0) =
x
l
Syarat Batas : t > 0
SB I : T(0,t) = 0oC
SB II : T(l,t) = 0oC
Terapkan SB I diperoleh :
Terapkan SB II diperoleh:
T ( x, t ) = BC sin kle
kl = n
atau
2 k 2 t
=0
n
k=
l
Dengan demikian :
nx
T ( x, l) = BC sin
e
l
n =1
n
2
t
l
2
nx 0 100 x
T ( x,0) = BC sin
l =
l
l
n =1
Atau :
100 x
nx
= BC sin
l
l
n =1
nx
f ( x) = bn sin
l
n =1
2
nx
BC = bn = f ( x) sin
dx
l0
l
l
2 100x
nx
BC =
sin
dx
l0 l
l
l
200
nx
BC =
x sin
dx
l 0
l
l
l
200 l
nx
nx
= M ( n)
BC = 2 x
(1)
sin
cos
2
l n
l
l 0
(n )
2
nx
T ( x, t ) = M ( n ) sin
e
l
n =1
n
t
l
Persamaan Gelombang
1 u
u= 2 2
v t
2
v = kecepatan Gelombang
Kasus Fisika
y(x,0)
h
x
l/2
d2y 1 d2y
= 2 2
2
dx
v dt
2
PDP
d M ( x) N (t ) 1 d M ( x) N (t )
=
2
2
dx
v
dt
d M (x ) 1
d N (t )
N (t )
= 2 M ( x)
2
2
dx
v
dt
2
1
Ruas kiri dan kanan dikali dengan
M ( x) N (t )
2
1 d M ( x) 1 1 d N (t )
2
= 2
= k
2
2
M ( x) dx
v N (t ) dt
Didapat :
2
1 d M ( x)
2
=
k
M ( x) dx 2
2
1 1 d N (t )
2
=
k
v 2 N (t ) dt 2
d 2 M ( x)
2
= k M ( x) = 0
2
dx
d 2 N (t )
2 2
+
k
v N (t ) = 0
2
dt
M ( x) = A cos kx + B sin kx
N (t ) = C cos kvt + D sin kvt
y ( x, t ) = [ A cos kx + B sin kx ] [C cos kvt + D sin kvt ]
Solusi umum persamaan getaran dawai
Solusi khusus
dy
SA I : = 0
dt t =0
SA II = y (x,0) = seperti pada gambar
y ( x ,0 ) =
2 hx
l
+ 0; 0< x <
l
2
2 hx
l
+ 2 h; < x<l
l
2
Terapkan sb I:
y (0, t) = ( A cos 0 + B sin 0 ) ( C cos kvt + D sin kvt )=0
A = 0, B 0
y (x, t) = (B sin kx) (C cos kvt + D sin kvt )=0
Terapkan sb II:
y(l,t) = (B sin kl)(C cos kvt + D sin kvt)=0
kl = n
n
k=
l
nx
y ( x, t ) = B sin
(C cos kvt + D sin kvt ) = 0
l
nx
n
n
y ( x, t ) = B sin
vt + D sin
vt
C cos
l
l
l
Terapkan SA I :
n x
nv
n
nv
n
dy
= B sin
sin
vt + D
cos
vt = 0
C
dt
l
l
l
l
l
dy
n x
nv
nv
= B sin
sin 0 + D
cos 0 = 0
C
dt t = 0
l
l
l
C 0, D = 0
n x
n vt
y ( x , t ) = BC sin
cos
l
l
n =1
Terapkan SA II:
l
2 hx
;
0
<
<
x
n x
2
y ( x ,0 ) = BC sin
cos 0 = l2 hx
l
+
< x<l
2
h
;
l
n =1
2
l
nx
= BC sin
l
n=1
nx
f (x) = bn sin
l
n=1
2hx
l
,
0<x<
l
2
l
2hx
+2h, <x<l
l
2
L/ 2
L
2 2hx nx
2hx
nx
BC = bn = sin dx+
+ 2hsin dx
L 0 l
l
l
l
L/ 2
BC = bn = L
BC = bn = L
BC = bn = M (x)
n x
n vt
y ( x , t ) = M ( x ) sin
cos
l
l
n =1
y(x,0)
h
x
0
l/2
SB I: y (0,t) = 0
SB II: y (l,t) = 0
SA I : y (x,0) = 0
SA II : v (x,0) = lihat gambar
nx
y ( x, t ) = B sin
l
n
n
C cos l vt + D sin l vt
Terapkan SA I:
nx
[C cos 0 + D sin 0] = 0
y ( x,0) = B sin
l
C = 0,
D 0
Sehingga :
y ( x, t ) =
n =1
nx
nvt
sin
B D sin
l
l
Terapkan SA II :
dy
nv
nx
cos nvt
= BD
sin
cos
dt n =1
l
l
l
dy
nv
nx
= BD
sin
cos 0 =
dt t =0 n =1
l
l
L
L
L
L
nv
nx
= BD
sin
l
l
n =1
nx
f ( x) = bn sin
l
n =1
l/2
l
2 2hx
2hx
bn =
sin nvdx +
+ 2h sin nvdx
l0 l
l
l/2
nv
BD
= bn
l
l
BD =
bn = R(n)
nv
y ( x, t ) =
n =1
Solusi khusus
nx
nvt
R(n) sin
sin
l
l