Pengertian Report Text

Istilah report text sering juga dikenal dengan sebutan informational report.
Report, dalam Concise Oxford Dictionary Edisi 10, diartikan sebagai 1) an
account given of a matter after investigation or consideration. 2) a piece of
information about an event or situation. Jika disimpulkan, secara bahasa
report text adalah teks yang berfungsi untuk memberikan informasi tentang
suatu peristiwa atau situasi, setelah diadakannya investigasi dan melalui
berbagai pertimbangan.
Definisi report text ini juga hampir mirip dengan apa yang sering disebutkan
dalam berbagai buku bahasa Inggris di tingkat menengah, "Report is a
text which present information about something, as it is. It is as a
result of systematic observation and analyses." [Report adalah sebuah
teks yang menghadirkan informasi tentang suatu hal secara apa adanya.
Teks ini adalah sebagai hasil dari observasi dan analisa secara sistematis.]
Dengan demikian, sebenarnya teks report dan descriptive mempunyai
perbedaan yang cukup jelas, meski nampak keduanya dikatakan sebagai
"saudara kembar" sekalipun.
Intinya, dalam report text itu biasanya berisi dengan fakta-fakta yang bisa
dibuktikan secara ilmiah, Oke..
Generic Structure Report Text.
Seperti halnya dengan descriptive text, Report text juga hanya memiliki dua
struktur umum [generic structure] yaitu :
1. General Clasification; Pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek
laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasinya.
2. Description: tells what the phenomenon under discussion ; in terms
of parts, qualities, habits or behaviors; Pada bagian ini biasanya
memberikan gambaran fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi; baik bagianbagiannya, sifat-sifatnya, kebiasaannya, ataupun tingkah lakunya.
Intinya adalah penjabaran dari klasifikasi yang disajikan dengan
ilmiah.
Ada juga beberapa keterangan mengenai generic structure report text, yang
meliputi :
1. General information
2. Bundles of Specific Information
General information adalah bagian yang menyebutkan informasi umum dari
tema tulisan yang. Sedangkan Bundles of specific information, adalah
penjabaran dari informasi umum tersebut.
Saya sendiri lebih cenderung setuju dengan generic structure kedua; karena
hal ini bisa membuat siswa lebih paham akan cara menulis report text.
Tujuan Report Text

Setiap tulisan pasti memiliki tujuan mengapa tulisan itu ditulis. Begitu juga
dengan report text. Beberapa pakar menyebutkan bahwa tujuan teks report
adalah :
Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally
describe an entire class of things, whether natural or made: mammals, the
planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on.
Jika disimpulkan, tujuan report text adalah untuk menyampaikan informasi
hasil pengamatan dan analisa yang sistematis. Informasi yang dijelaskan
dalam report text biasanya bersifat umum, baik itu alamiah ataupun buata
seperti binatang mamalia, planet, bebatuan, tumbuh-tumbuhan, negara
bagian, budaya, transportasi, dan lain sebagainya.
Pola Tata Bahasa dalam Report Text
Setiap tulisan pasti memiliki ciri bahasa tersendiri; jika recount text dan
narrative text cenderung memiliki ciri menggunakan simple past, lalu
bagaimana dengan report text? Oke berikut adalah pola grammar yang
umum digunakan dalam teks report, yang meliputi :

Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns,

eg our dog;

Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny

particles;

Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot

fly;

Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical

cyclones always begin over the sea;

Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;

Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of

information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of
the clause.

Keterangan :
General nouns, maksudnya adalah, suatu benda (baik itu hidup atau
mati) yang bersifat umum. Coba bandingkan : Hunting dogs >< My
dog. Hunting dogs bersifat umum; sedangkan my dog bersifat khusus.

Relating verbs, dalam grammar disebut juga dengan linking verbs.

Seperti to be [is, am, are: present], seem, look, taste dan lain
sebagainya.

Timeless present tense adalah salah satu penanda waktu dalam

simple present seperti "often, usually, always" dan lain-lain.

Technical terms, maksudnya adalah istilah-istilah yang meliputi teks

report tersebut. Misalnya tentang "music" maka, istilah-istilah musik
harus ada.

Contoh Report Text : Thanksgiving Day

Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day is a celebration of harvest, thankfulness
for peace, and the attempt of Native Americans. It is usually celebrated in
late autumn.
In the past, Thanksgiving was celebrated for their rich harvest in New
England. In North America, however, it was originally held to thank God for
their survival in the new land which was not easy for them. However, in
Canada, it had been celebrated as in New England. Thanksgiving now is
celebrated in United States of America and in Canada. Thanksgiving festivals
are held every fourth Thursday of November in the U.S and on the second
Monday of October in Canada. It is usually celebrated in four to five days in
the North America and for three days in Canada.
It is celebrated through families and friends gathering to eat and give good
luck. Turkey is the main dish in the thanksgiving dinner. Thanksgiving
parades are also usually held. In Thanksgiving homes are decorated with
wreaths, fresh and dried flowers. Lamps are lighted to brighten the
environment. Tables are decorated with best china and antique silver dishes
to mark the occasion.
Contoh Report Text : Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy. It is the capital of region Veneto. Together
with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area.
Venice has been known as the Queen of the Adriatic, City of Water, City
of Bridges, and The City of Light. The city stretches across 117 small
islands in the marshy Venetian Lagoon along the Adriatic Sea in northeast
Italy.
Venice is world-famous for its canals. It is built on an archipelago of 117
islands formed by about 150 canals in a shallow lagoon. The islands on
which the city is built are connected by about 400 bridges. In the old center,
the canals serve the function of roads, and every form of transport is on
water or on foot.
You can ride gondola there. It is the classical Venetian boat which nowadays
is mostly used for tourists, or for weddings, funerals, or other ceremonies.
Now, most Venetians travel by motorised waterbuses (vaporetti) which ply
regular routes along the major canals and between the citys islands. The
city also has many private boats. The only gondolas still in common use by
Venetians are the traghetti, foot passenger ferries crossing the Grand Canal
at certain points without bridges.
You can see the amusing citys landmarks such as Piazza San Marco, Palazzo
Contarini del Bovolo, Saint Marks Cathedral or villas of the Veneto. The villas
of the Veneto, rural residences for nobles during the Republic, are one of the
most interesting aspects of Venetian countryside.
They are surrounded by elegant gardens, suitable for fashionable parties of
high society. The city is also well known for its beautiful and romantic view,
especially at night.