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1.0 GAMBARAN KESELURUHAN PEROLEHAN

PERALATAN DAN BAHAN
1.1 Gambaran Am
6.0 SEBUTHARGA
1.2 Jenis-Jenis Alat Penghawa Dingin
6.1 Pengenalan
2.0 LUKISAN DAN SPESIFIKASI
6.2 Klasifikasi Pembekal
2.1 Pengenalan
6.3 Pelawaan Sebutharga
2.2 Jenis Lukisan
6.4 Ringkasan Sebutharga
2.3 Spesifikasi
6.5 Penilaian Sebutharga
2.4 Penyata Kaedah Kerja
7.0 PELAN SUSUNATUR PENYIMPANAN
3.0 PROGRAM KERJA
7.1 Pengenalan
3.1 Pengenalan
7.2 Lukisan Susunatur
3.2 Jadual Kerja
7.3 Senarai Peralatan dan Bahan
3.3 Keperluan Sumber Untuk Perolehan
7.4 Prosidur Keselamatan dan kawalan
4.0 BAJET PROJEK
7.5 Sistem Penyimpanan

LP 3
4.1 Pengenalan
8.0 PROSEDUR DAN KAWALAN INVENTORI
4.2 Perolehan Peralatan dan Bahan
8.1 Pengenalan
5.0 ALIRAN TUNAI SYARIKAT
8.2 Perancangan Inventori
5.1 Pengenalan
8.3 Pengkalan Data Inventori
5.2 Perancangan Perbelanjaan Dan Sumber
5.3 Mengoptimumkan Penggunaan Sumber
Kewangan
5.4 Aplikasi Aliran Tunai
PEROLEHAN ALAT & BAHAN

Terdapat banyak jenis (sistem) alat penghawa

dingin, bergantung kepada pengkhususan
“design” untuk keperluan pengguna yang
berbeza:
Sistem AC • UNIT TINGKAP (WINDOW AIR CONDITIONER )
(Sentral, DX, Sistem AC
Split, Stand • SISTEM/UNIT BERASINGAN - DENGAN SALURAN UDARA -
(Sentral, DX,
Alone) (SPLIT SYSTEM /CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING )
Split, Stand
• SISTEM/UNIT BERASINGAN TANPA SALURAN UDARA – Alone)
(DUCTLESS SPLIT SYSTEM)
Alat • SISTEM ATAS BUMBUNG (ROOFTOP SYSTEM )
Refrigerant
Pemasangan, • SISTEM PAKEJ (PACKAGED SYSTEM )
Ukur, Uji, • SISTEM PENYEJUKKAN DENGAN AIR DAN UDARA (WATER-
Kesan dll
COOLED AND AIR-COOLED SYSTEMS)
• SISTEM PENDINGIN (CHILLER SYSTEMS)
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Window unit

Split system air conditioning (Ductless)

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Sistem MVAC Different Types of Central A/C Systems

Water Chiller System /Air Duct System:

Sistem Sistem DX
BERPUSAT

Sistem Air Dingin yang Sistem Air Sistem yang disejukkan Sistem yang disejukkan
disejukkan dengan Air Dingin/”Coolant” yang dengan Air dengan Udara
disejukkan dengan Udara

1. Sistem Berasingan
1. Unit Pakej
2. “Built-up DX
2. “Condensed Water
1. Cooling Tower System”
1. Air Cooled Condenser Pump Unit”
2. Condenser & Chilled 3. Unit Tingkap / Unit
2. Chilled water Pump Unit 3. Menara Penyejuk
Mudah Alih
Water Pump Unit 3. AHU/FCU 4. VRF
3. Chilled Water Pump Unit 4. Chiller
4. AHU/FCU Centrifugal/Absorption/Recipr
5. Chilled Water Expansion ocating/Screw/Scroll
Tank/Pressurized water 5. Chilled Water Expansion
Tank/Pressurized water Make-
Make-up Tank
up Tank
BM

Sistem MVAC

Sistem Sistem DX
CENTRAL

Water Cooled Chill Water Air Cooled Chilled Water

Water Cooled System Air Cooled System
System System

1. Packaged Unit 1. Split System

1. Air Cooled Condenser 2. Condensed Water 2. Built-up DX System
1. Cooling Tower 2. Chilled water Pump Unit Pump Unit 3. Window
2. Condenser & Chilled 3. AHU/FCU 3. Cooling Tower Unit/Portable Unit
Water Pump Unit 4. Chiller
3. Chilled Water Pump Unit Centrifugal/Absorption/Re
4. AHU/FCU ciprocating/Screw/Scroll
5. Chilled Water Expansion 5. Chilled Water Expansion
Tank/Pressurized water Tank/Pressurized water
Make-up Tank Make-up Tank
BI
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Senarai Peralatan Alat Pemasangan, Ukur, Uji, Kesan dll :

General Purpose,
Sheet-Metal Work,
Pipe work Alat Pemasangan,
Rujuk Helaian Maklumat: Ukur, Uji, Kesan
Air-Conditioning Work dll
Penyejuk dalam Penghawa Digin

“Split system” adalah jenis alat penghawa dingin yang paling biasa kita nampak. Jenis “Split” boleh
digunakan untuk kebanyakan keperluan – dari rumah kediaman hinggalah ke pejabat yang besar.
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1.1 Perbezaan Antara Jenis Alat Penghawa Dingin yang Paling Biasa
Ciri-ciri (AC AC Tingkap Split AC Cassette AC 1.1 Perbezaan Antara Jenis Alat Penghawa Dingin yang Paling Biasa
Parameters)
Sesuai untuk Bilik kecil bertingkap Mana-mana bilik tanpa Ruang dalaman yang AC Parameters Window AC Split AC Cassette AC
tingkap besar Suitable For Small rooms with a window sill Any room with or Large indoor spaces
Bunyi Bising Tinggi Minimal Senyap without a window
Noise Relatively on the higher side Minimal noise Silent operation
Julat Keupayaan 0.75 ton hingga 2 ton 0.8 hingga 2 ton 1 ton hingga 4 ton
(Capacity Range) Capacity range 0.75 ton to 2 ton 0.8 to 2 ton 1 ton to 4 ton
Ciri-ciri Kawalan Kelembapan, Kawalan Kelembapan, Kawalan Kelembapan, Advanced Humidity control, dust filter Humidity control, dust Humidity control, dust
Teknologi Penapis habuk Penapis habuk, Penapis Penapis habuk, Penapis features filter, bacteria filter filter, bacteria filter
Tinggi Bakteria Bakteria Interference with Slight possibility to interfere with Designer indoor units Barely interferes with
home decor window curtains and drapes blend well with wall interior decor
Gangguan dengan Ada sedikit gangguan Boleh Padan/secocok Jarang beri gangguan decor
Hiasan Dalaman dengan Langsir dsb. dengan Hiasan Dinding kepada hiasan dalaman. Ease of Minimal effort required Indoor and outdoor units Needs specialised false
installation need some amount of ceiling
Kemudahan Guna Tenaga yang Perlu lebih sedikit Perlu siling khas effort for installation
Pemasangan Minimal tenaga pemasangan
1 hp = 0.21 ton of air conditioning; 1 ton = 4.7 hp

Federal Efficiency Standards (USA)

Selection Tips For Air-Conditioning Cooling Systems
Federal size Equipment System design Effective Effective ENERGY STAR
category type June 16, January minimum
2008 1, 2010 criteria Capacity Range (TR) Favorable System
40 to 200 Air-cooled chilled water system (explore the pros and
< 5 tons (< 65 Air Split system SEER 13.0 — SEER 13.0a cons of using multiple DX systems if possible)
kBtu/h) conditioner
Singlepackaged SEER 13.0 — SEER 13.0a 200 and above Water-cooled chilled water system
unit
Small 5 to < Air Split system and — EER 11.2 EER 11.0b
Comparison
11.25 tons (65 conditioner singlepackaged unit
to < 135 Parameters Air-cooled Condensers Water-cooled Condensers
kBtu/h) Water loss Nil High
Large 11.25 to Air Split system and — EER 10.6 EER 9.3 & COP Operation Duty & Nominal Multiple condensers required Single condenser combination
20 tons (135 to conditioner singlepackaged unit & COP 3.2b Capacity above 50 TR cooling capacity available for all sizes.
240 kBtu/h) 3.2
Space Requirements Low (high above 200 TR) Low

Very large 20 Air Split system and — EER 10.0 — Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) Low High
to 63 tons (240 conditioner single - packaged Initial Cost Low High
to < 760 unit Operating Costs Low High
kBtu/h)
Maintenance Low High
SEER – It applies to units of less than 65,000 Btu/h capacities. Higher SEER rating = more efficient the AC system.
EER – The Energy Efficiency Ratio is a measure of a unit’s efficiency at full load conditions and 95 degrees outdoor temperatures. It Seasonal de-rating High Low
typically applies to larger units over 65,000 Btu/h capacities.
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AIR-CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT

Chillers. In large commercial and institutional buildings, devices used to produce cool water are
called chillers. The water is pumped to air handling units to cool the air. They use either mechanical
refrigeration processes or absorption processes.
Mechanical refrigeration chillers may have one or more compressors. These compressors
can be powered by electric motors, fossil fuel engines, or turbines. Refrigeration systems
achieve variable capacity by bringing compressors on or off line, by unloading stages within the
compressors, or by varying the speed of the compressor.

The major types of compressors are :

Reciprocating compressors are usually found in air-cooled direct expansion (DX) systems for
residential and small commercial systems. They can also be found in chillers with capacities
of 10 through 200 tons. To better match part-load conditions and achieve higher operating
efficiencies, multiple compressors can be employed in a single system.

Scroll compressors are manufactured in the 1 to 15 ton range. Multiple compressors can be
found in water chillers with capacities of 20 to 500 tons. Scroll compressors require less
maintenance than reciprocating compressors.

Rotary screw compressors are found in chillers with capacities of 70 to 500 tons.

Centrifugal compressors are used in chillers with typical capacities of 100 to 7,000 tons.
Centrifugal chillers are the most efficient of the large-capacity chillers.

Typical full-load operating efficiencies for chillers are noted below:

Small air-cooled electric chillers have 1.6-1.1 kW/ton (Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 2.2 to 3.2).

Large and medium-sized air-cooled electric chillers have 0.95-0.85 kW/ton (COP of 3.7 to 4.1).

Similar water-cooled electric chillers have 0.8-0.7 kW/ton (COP of 4.4 to 5.0). Lower values such as
0.6-0.5 kW/ton chillers (COP of 5.9 to 7.0) may indicate energy efficient equipment, but part-load
performance should also be examined.

The COP of absorption units is in the range of 0.4-0.6 for single-effect chillers, and 0.8-1.05 for
double-effect chillers.

Engine-driven chillers attain COPs of 1.2 to 2.0.

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HVAC/R STARTER KIT

9 IN 1 MULTI-TOOL
HVAC Utility Bag
Brass Manifold Gauge Set with
gauge guards & Set of 3-60” hoses
Ratchet wrench
All in one swaging punch
Spring style tube bender
45˚ flaring & cutting tool
Reamer
Valve core remover w/valve cores
1/4” tube piercing plier
Pocket infrared thermometer

All the rough-and-tumble features of the 4-Valve
Aluminum Manifold in a simple 2-valve
combination. Because we know manifolds are your
lifeline. The hilmor 2-Valve Aluminum Manifold is
built to last with a forged aluminum body. It’s
designed to be leakproof with replaceable
stainless steel valve seats, SAE-style O-rings and a
securely seated large sight glass. Front-mounted
hose positions and a permanent location for
temperature clamps result in added convenience.
And it’s finished off with comfort-grip rubberized
handles optimally sized for easy turns.
9 IN 1 MULTI-TOOL 9 in 1 Multi-Tool even gives you a little more
including features like a slip-resistant grip for more torque and a thick-
walled shaft for more durability. Tackle any on-the-job challenge with
bits, including a valve core remover, square #2, 1/2” hex, 5/16” hex,
3/8” hex, Phillips #1, Phillips #2, 3/16” slotted and 1/4” slotted.
Straight Service Wrench makes changing sizes quick and easy.
Our Offset Service Wrench makes maneuvering around
cramped spaces second nature. The reversible Ratchet Wrench
has square openings of 1/4” and 3/16” on one end and 3/8”
and 5/16” on the other end. And, when it comes to accessing
liquid- and suction-based valves, reach for our Hex Key Adapter.
It works on 3/16” and 5/16” hex valves.
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TRI-TUBE BENDERS
There are indicators in the handles to help you correctly
identify the tube size. After that, it’s as simple as aligning it
with its color-coded indicators. Finally, the markings on the side
help measure the bend radius so you can achieve a perfect
bend of up to 180°.
LEVER BENDERS
The hilmor Lever Bender can do just
that. It’s designed with markings to help
you center the tube correctly. Plus, with
its spring-loaded mechanism to securely
hold the tube, stainless steel rollers to
reduce friction against the tube and a
comfort-grip handle to lessen the strain,
making up to 180° angle bends just got
easier.

COMPACT SWAGE TOOL

FOLDING HEX KEY SETS
full socket contact you need. Our slip-resistant Folding Hex Key
Sets are available in standard and metric. It’s time to give your
hands a break.
The new hilmor Compact Swage Tool is taking
swaging to the next level. It has the power to swage
1-5/8” tubing and the control to swage 5/16” tubing
without a crack. With its small, pistol-shape design,
it can fit in the smallest of spaces. This proprietary
design can reduce on-the-job fatigue with its easy
setup and one-handed operation made possible by
an innovative hydraulic mechanism and release
button. It’s even equipped for multiple sizes.

FLARE/SWAGE

Spesifikasi

1. General Specification
2. Technical Specification
3. Specification for Testing and Commissioning
4. Specification for Service and Maintenance
- Rate for Comprehensive Service and Maintenance after warranty
period
5. Schedule of Equipment
- Schedule of Technical Requirement
- Schedule of Technical Data
Rujukan : PROSEDUR PEROLEHAN KERJA - JKR

1. GENERAL /Am
The General Requirements as detailed hereunder pertains to Mechanical Services only. The
Tenderer shall allow for all expenses for complying with all the requirements as set out
herein.
Syarat Am seperti diperincikan di bawah ini berkait dengan Perkhidmatan
Mekanikal sahaja. Petender hendaklah mengambil kira semua perbelanjaan
untuk mematuhi kesemua kehendak yang dinyatakan di sini.
2. VISIT TO SITE / Lawatan Tapak
3. MINOR PARTS NECESSARY BUT NOT MENTIONED/ “MINOR PARTS” yang
DIPERLUKAN TETAPI TIDAK DISEBUT
If neither the specification nor the drawings contain any particulars of minor parts then the
intention to include which is nevertheless clearly to be inferred, or minor parts which are
obviously necessary for the completion of work under the contract, all such parts shall be
supplied and executed within the Contract without extra charge.
Jika kedua-dua spesifikasi mahupun lukisan tidak mengandungi apa-apa butir bahagian-
bahagian kecil maka niat untuk memasukkannya jelas disimpulkan, atau bahagian-bahagian
kecil yang jelas dan perlu bagi menyiapkan kerja di bawah kontrak itu, semua bahagian itu
hendaklah dibekalkan dan dilaksanakan dalam kontrak itu tanpa caj tambahan.
5. INTENT OF CONTRACT/NIAT KONTRAK
It is the responsibility of the Contractor to complete an installation which satisfied the minimum
performance standards and requirements. The specified minimum requirement as listed under
subsequent sections of this specification are the least standards of performance acceptable and shall
be deemed fixed, agreed and unalterable except by written consent of the Engineers.
Adalah menjadi tanggungjawab Kontraktor untuk menyiapkan pemasangan yang
memenuhi piawaian prestasi dan keperluan minimum . Keperluan minimum yang
ditetapkan seperti yang disenaraikan di bawah seksyen berikutnya dalam spesifikasi ini
adalah piawaian prestasi paling minimum yang boleh diterima dan akan dianggap tetap,
dipersetujui dan tidak berubah-ubah melainkan dengan kebenaran bertulis daripada
Jurutera
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4. DISCREPANCIES IN DOCUMENTS/ PERTIKAIAN DALAM DOKUMEN
The drawings and specifications are intended to be mutually explanatory and complete, but all
work called for by one, even if not by the other shall be fully executed. If the Contractor finds
any discrepancies between the specification and the drawings he shall refer them to the
engineer for decisions. Dimensions shall not be scaled unless permission is given in writing by
the Engineers.
Lukisan dan spesifikasi bertujuan untuk saling menerangkan dan melengkapkan, jika semua
kerja disebut oleh satu sahaja, walaupun tidak pada yang lain hendaklah dilaksanakan
sepenuhnya. Jika Kontraktor mendapati apa-apa percanggahan di antara spesifikasi dan
lukisan dia hendaklah merujukkan mereka kepada jurutera untuk keputusan. Ukuran tidak
boleh di “scaled” kecuali dengan kebenaran secara bertulis oleh Jurutera.
( …… Sambungan)
6. INTENT OF DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATION
It is the intent of the Specification and drawings to call for finalised work, tested, and ready for
operation. Any apparatus, appliance, materials, services which will be necessary to make the work
complete and perfect in all respect and ready for operation, even if not particularly specified, shall be
furnished, delivered and installed without any additional expenses to the Employer or the Engineer.
Hasrat spesifikasi dan lukisan adalah untuk menghasilkan kerja-kerja yang siap, diuji, dan
bersedia untuk operasi. Mana-mana radas, perkakas, bahan, perkhidmatan yang perlu untuk
membuat kerja-kerja yang lengkap dan sempurna dalam segala aspek dan sedia untuk
beroperasi, walaupun tidak dispesifikasikan, hendaklah dibekalkan, dihantar dan dipasang
tanpa apa-apa tambahan perbelanjaan kepada Klien atau Jurutera .
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( …… Sambungan) 1 SCOPE OF WORK

7. CODE REQUIREMENTS 1.1. GENERAL

All work performed under this Contract shall be completed with all necessary equipment for The work to be performed under this Contract is listed hereunder: -
its satisfactory operation, control, maintenance and safety under all respects with the
regulations, by-laws and requirements of: - (a) Supply delivery, installation, testing and commissioning of the air conditioning
and ventilation system.
•Uniform Building By-Laws
•The Public Work Department (b) Service and maintenance of the above systems for a period of the twelve (12)
• months from the date of handing over in good running conditions to Owner.
•
•The Machinery Department
•
•The Fire Department
•
•All other Authorities having jurisdiction over the installation of equipment in the locality.

2.0.1 SPESIFIKASI TEKNIKAL

2.0.1 SPESIFIKASI TEKNIKAL
2.0.2 DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS
1.2 Responsibilities of the contractor are: -
The air conditioning and ventilation systems shall conform to the latest edition of the following
(a) Making holes in walls, coring of floor slabs the passage of refrigerant pipes, condensate drain standards and Regulations of:
pipes, conduits, trunking etc and making good all damages. Jabatan Kilang & Jentera (Machinery Department)
(b) ……….. Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat
(c) Concealing all wiring conduits, including hacking of chases or holes in slabs, walls Tenaga Nasional Berhad
etc. and making good all damages. Jabatan Alam Sekitar
(d) All visible refrigerant pipings shall be covered up with suitably formed galvanized All other authorities having jurisdiction over this installation
sheet metal trunking and painted with gloss paint to match the building colour.
(e) Extending the electrical wiring from the incoming isolator to the air The air conditioning and ventilation installations and applications shall conform to the latest edition of
conditioning/exhaust fan control panel. the following standards where applicable:
(f) Providing condensate drain pipings leading to the floor trap or nearest drain.
(g) Making of opening and providing wooden frames for the exhaust fans. (a) Australia Standards 1668 – Mechanical Ventilation and Air Conditioning Code.
(h) ….. Part 1: Fire precautions in building with air handling systems.
Part 2: Ventilation requirements.
b) Australia Standards 1682 – Fire Dampers.
c) ASHRAE – American Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc.
d) .
e)
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2.0.1 SPESIFIKASI TEKNIKAL ( …… Sambungan) 2.0.1 SPESIFIKASI TEKNIKAL ( …… Sambungan)

2.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS AND CRITERIAS 2.1.2 PIPING
All pipeworks shall be balanced by employing Balancing Valves and other fittings
(a) Outside Design Conditions necessary to attain this.

Temperature: 92 F DB, 81 F WB All pipework shall be painted with colours as described under PAINTING.
Daily range: 17 F
POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS
(b) Inside Design Conditions 240 V / 1 hp / 50 Hz
415 V / 3 hp / 50 Hz
75 F , 55% RH
PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
VENTILATION REQUIREMENT All plants and equipment included in the offer shall be proven makes with
established local sales and serving agents and stock of spares.
Toilet: Not less than 10 air change / hour
Mechanical / Equipment room: Not less than 15 air change / hour

( …… Sambungan)
2.2 Jenis Lukisan - Shop Drawings

Satu set lukisan yang di buat oleh Kontraktor – berasaskan maklumat

dari pembekal, pembuat, pengilang, sub-kontraktor, atau fabricator.
“Shop drawings” adalah perlu bagi kebanyakan komponen-
komponen “pre-fabricated”.
Contoh: DB (elektrikal), Control panel, Alarm Panel, elevators,
structural steel, trusses, pre-cast, windows, appliances, cabinets, air
handling units and millwork.
“Shop drawings” adalah sebahagian daripada SPESIFIKASI/KONTRAK.
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Location Plan Project Title Block/Panel

Key Plan

Floor Plan Roof Plan


• Pihak Kontraktor kemukakan sebutharga bagi sesuatu projek
berasakan ”TENDER DWG.”
• Kontraktor yg. berjaya sediakan “SHOP DWG’ yang akan digunakan di
tapak pembinaan.
• Adalah tanggungjawab Kontraktor menyediakan “detailed design “
berasaskan “basic design “ yang disediakan oleh Klien/Perunding
sebagai sebahgaian dokumen tender.
11/4/2017
( …… Sambungan)
2.2 Jenis Lukisan - Shop Drawings
Satu set lukisan yang di buat oleh Kontraktor – berasaskan maklumat
dari pembekal, pembuat, pengilang, sub-kontraktor, atau fabricator.
“Shop drawings” adalah perlu bagi kebanyakan komponen-
komponen “pre-fabricated”.
Contoh: DB (elektrikal), Control panel, Alarm Panel, elevators,
structural steel, trusses, pre-cast, windows, appliances, cabinets, air
handling units and millwork.
“Shop drawings” adalah sebahagian daripada SPESIFIKASI/KONTRAK.
2.2.1 SHOP DRAWINGS
The working drawings to be submitted to the Engineer for approval
prior to installation shall include but not limited to the followings: -
All layout plans, elevations and sections. (All piping layouts shall be double-lined).
Piping routes and layout diagrams.
Piping schematic diagrams.
Schematic wiring and control diagrams, the control shall include written sequence.
Vibration and isolation of equipment details.
Duct and pipe penetration details for fire and vibration isolation.
Hanger details showing provisions for vibration isolation and expansion for pipework
and ductwork.
Foundation and bases for equipment.
Switchboards motor control centre single line and layout details.
Noise isolation provision details.
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Shop Drawings : Seperti dalam Kontrak JKR

Kes “Shop Drawings” di Tolak

Kurang “Professionalism”:
Sketch
Tanpa “Title Block”
Tak ikut spesifikasi atau
“regulations” seperti “Building
Code”, TNB, Telekom, SPAN dsb.
 11/4/2017

SHOP DRAWING

AS BUILT DRAWING
A/C Units Repositioned
2.3 SPESIFIKASI : CONDENSING SECTION (Contoh daripada Dokumen
Tender)
Condensing Fan/s and Motors
The condenser fan/s shall be propeller type, direct driven by heavy duty motor with
aluminium blades, zinc plated steel tube and spiders, and shall have safety guards not
concealed by casing.
Condensing Coils (Fins Coated)
The cooling coils of each condensing coils shall be extended surface direct expansion coils of
approved manufacture, constructed from copper tube with aluminium fins and having not
less than 8 fins per inch. Bonding of the fins to the tube shall be by mechanical means to
ensure a positive lasting bond. The coils shall be fitted with headers and a suitable
distribution network designed to produce uniform distribution of refrigerant over the face of
the coils. Each header shall be fed through a thermal expansion valve and solenoid valve.
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2.3 SPESIFIKASI : CONDENSING SECTION (Contoh daripada Dokumen
Tender)
Compressors
Compressors shall be of the serviceable hermetic reciprocating type and shall be assembled
complete with all necessary accessories on a steel base with vibration isolators of spring-
mounted type.
Compressors shall be equipped with oil failure control, dual pressure control, safety valves,
suction and discharge valves, crankcase heaters, suction gas strainer, oil sight glass, charging
valves and other related accessories.
The speed of compressor and motor shall be 2900 rpm and the compressor cooling
capacity/power rating shall be based on 4.5ºC (40ºF) suction temperature and 54.4ºC
(130ºF) condensing temperature. The motor shall be of the AC induction type specifically
designed for operation on 415 volts, 3-phase, 50 cycles electric supplies.
2.3 SPESIFIKASI : CONDENSING SECTION (Contoh daripada Dokumen
Tender)
2.2 FAN COIL SECTION
Evaporator Cooling Coils
The cooling coils shall be extended surface direct expansion coils of approved manufacture,
constructed from copper tube with aluminium fins and having not less than 8 fins per 25mm.
Bonding of the fins to the tube shall be by mechanical means to ensure a positive lasting bond.
The coils shall be fitted with headers and a suitable distribution network designed to produce
uniform distribution of refrigerant over the face of the coils. Each header shall be fed through a
thermal expansion valve and solenoid valve.
The fins shall be coated with the specially designed Anti-Corrosion Hydrophilic Fins channel water
condensation efficiently which ensures the cooling coil's cleanliness. Double layer-coated fins also
enhance durability and provide extra protection against corrosion. The unique Z-Matrix groove
design gives better heat exchange and improves air contact which generates greater cooling
comfort faster and with less electricity.

2.3 SPESIFIKASI : CONDENSING SECTION
(Contoh daripada Dokumen Tender)
Split Unit Cabinets
The split unit cabinet shall be fabricated from heavy gauge steel sheets (1.25mm) properly formed for
close fit and structural rigidity. The cabinet frame shall be all-welded. All access panels shall be so
constructed as to be easily removable. All inside and outside surfaces of the cabinet shall be wear-
resistant baked-on enamel, attractively finished.
2.3 SPESIFIKASI : CONDENSING SECTION
(Contoh daripada Dokumen Tender)
2.3 REFRIGERANT PIPING (Continuation)
The suction line pipe size, the hot-gas line size and the liquid pipe size shall not be less than the
manufacturer’s specified outside diameter. All refrigerant pipes shall be properly supported and
anchored to the building structure using steel, hanger, anchor, brackets and support which shall be
fixed to the building structure by means of insert or expansion shields of adequate size and number to
support the loads imposed thereon.
Complete charge of refrigerant oil for the normal operation of the air-conditioning system shall be
furnished and installed by the subcontractor.
Where refrigerant piping above 80mm O.D. has to be used, than the refrigerant piping may be
constructed from extra heavy quality black iron steam pipes welded joints, in lieu of hard drawn copper
refrigerant pipes.
Note: All exposed refrigerant piping shall be covered with galvanized steel cover to building colour
hides them from being seen as required.
11/4/2017
2.3 SPESIFIKASI : CONDENSING SECTION
(Contoh daripada Dokumen Tender)
2.3 REFRIGERANT PIPING
All refrigerant piping for the air-conditioning system shall be constructed from hard
drawn seamless copper refrigerant pipes with copper fittings and silver soldered
joints. The refrigerant piping arrangements shall be in accordance with good practice
within the air-conditioning industry, and are to include expansion valves, solenoid
valves, shut off valves, strainers, sight glass, charging connections, suction line
insulation and all other such items normally forming part of proper refrigerant circuits.
The sizes of the refrigerant piping shall conform to the requirements of the system
capacity specified. The subcontractor shall be entirely responsible for the correct
refrigerant piping design and the proper interconnections of the complete refrigerant
circuit.
2.3 SPESIFIKASI : CONDENSING SECTION
(Contoh daripada Dokumen Tender)
PIPE INSULATION
Refrigerant Pipe Insulation
The whole of the liquid and suction refrigerant lines including all fittings, valves and strainer bodies,
flanges, etc. shall be insulated with 50 mm thick Armaflex expanded rubber compound or approve
equivalent. The Armaflex tubing shall be inserted on to the refrigerant pipes prior to connecting up the
pipes. Any splitting of the Armaflex rubber is prohibited. The entire insulation of refrigerant lines shall
be applied in two lines with joints staggered and carefully applied with seal vapour barrier. The
installation shall be finished with 6mm asbestos cement and 6mm hard finishing cement and reinforced
using 16mm galvanized metal trunking and painted to match the building colour.
Drain Pipe Insulation
Drain pipes of minimum diameter of 2 inches carrying condensate water shall be insulated with 13mm
(0.5”) thick Armaflex or flexible expanded rubber compound or any other approved equivalent .

2.4 Penyata Kaedah Kerja (Method Statement)
• “Method Statement” boleh terdapat pada Kontrak
• Penyata kerja perlu disediakan bagi setiap kerja yang tidak dapat
digambarkan dalam bentuk lukisan secara tepat.
• “Mock up”
Nota: Method Statement juga adalah sebahagian daripada dokumen
terdapat dalam keperluan dokumentasi bagi memenuhi syarat2 ISO
9000.
4.1 Indoor Air Quality
b) Construction Phase
The installation of ACMV System shall be supervised in accordance with the
design and specification.
The ACMV systems shall be properly tested and commissioned so that they
operate as per designed.
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43. Construction Plan (C-Plan)
43.1 In addition to the works programme the Contractor shall within 14
days after the receipt of Letter of Acceptance, submit in writing to the
S.O, the following information for the preparation of Construction Plan.
(i) Contractor’s organisation chart which shall show the staff involved,
including
their relationship and interfacings for successful implementation of the
project.
(ii) List of duties and responsibilities of each member of the Contractor’s
project
team as shown in the organisation chart in item (i).
(iii) Maintenance and calibration schedule of the plant and equipment
to be used in the Works.
(iv) Works Programme
(v) Method Statements
(v) Inspection and Testing Schedule to be executed, itemising the type
and frequency of inspection and testing
GUIDELINES ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (IEQ) FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICE BUILDING (EDITION 1)
4.1.2. Mould Prevention
b) Construction Phase
Skilled and experienced labour shall be able to handle materials and they should adhere to
specified procedures during building erection in eliminating the risk of mould growth in a
building.
All supplied building materials and equipment shall be of good quality that does not
promote mould growth (i.e. materials with low moisture absorption rate).
Establishing a comprehensive ACMV equipment installation on the element such as
equipment selection, proper duct installation, excessive infiltration of outside air, approved
sealant, drain pan gradient, collar joint and control valve and signal will ensure the
achievement of good mould control for a building project. ACMV equipment and accessories
shall be selected and install according to approved JKR specification and nearest design data.
 11/4/2017

GUIDELINES ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (IEQ) FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICE BUILDING (EDITION 1) GUIDELINES ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (IEQ) FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICE BUILDING (EDITION 1)
(Sambungan) (Sambungan)
4.1.2. Mould Prevention 4.1.3. Indoor Air Pollutants Control
b) Construction Phase e) Legionella
b) Construction Phase
Furthermore, after the completion of installation, the testing and commisioning for the
ACMV system shall be done and specifically covers the elements as follows: According to Table 5.1 of ASHRAE Standard 62.1, outdoor air intakes need to be located at
1) Air Balancing least 25 ft (7.6 m) from plume discharges and upwind (prevailing wind) of cooling towers,
2) Water Balancing evaporative condensers, and fluid coolers. In addition, outdoor air intakes need to be
3) Testing & Commissioning Procedure located at least 15 ft (4.6 m) away from intakes or basins of cooling towers, evaporative
4) Air Tightness Test condensers, and fluid coolers.
5) Control System
6) Leakage Test Buildings designed with smaller separation distances from cooling tower can increase the
risk of occupant exposure to Legionella and other contaminants, such as the chemicals
used to treat the cooling tower water. The control of Legionella in cooling tower can be
achieved through proper siting/location of cooling tower, condenser water treatment and
proper operation and maintenance scheduling activity.

GUIDELINES ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (IEQ) FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICE BUILDING (EDITION 1)
(Sambungan)
4.2 Acoustic Comfort
4.2.1. Internal Noise and Vibration
The noise which originates inside the office room is called internal noise.
The main caused due to improper designs, installation, operations and maintenances of the
air-conditioning system such as whistling sound from supply air diffuser, disturbing noise
from ducting and AHU system.
Projek adalah satu usaha bersementara dengan tujuan menghasilkan
satu produk, perkhidmatan atau pembuatan dengan ada mula dan
akhirnya .
Ciri-ciri bersementara bagi Projek berbeza dengan perniagaan seperti
biasa “business as usual (or operations)”, dimana aktiviti-aktivitinya
berulang, kekal atau separa kekal.

Operational design for the recommended internal noise levels Pengurusan bagi dua jenis sistem ini sangat berbeza pada segi:
shall be as follows;
i) Open offices (open plan) : Not more than; 45 dBA Kepakaran/kemahiran
ii) Closed/Individual office area : Not more than 40 dBA. Strategi
 11/4/2017

Cabaran pengurusan projek ialah mencapai kesemua (100%) tujuan (goal) dan objektif projek dengan
memegang/menghormati kepada perjanjian dengan segala kekangan (constraints) yang telahpun di kenalpasti.

Kekangan Utama:

Skop
Masa
Kualiti
Belanjawan

Kekangan Sekunder (secondary):

“Optimisation of inputs and integrate them to meet pre-defined objectives”

Critical Chain Project Management (CCM; 1996)

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
PERT (1957)
Critical Path Method (CPM - 1050an)
Carta Gantt ( Sebelum era 1950an: Henry Gantt (1861 – 1919)
 11/4/2017

Dalam Bentuk “Bar” : Laluan Genting (Critical Path) = B E G M

 11/4/2017

Kesilapan bukan teknikal terdapat pada Program Kerja:

• Gagal ambil kira input dari Kontraktor Umum; walhal Kontraktor Umumlah sumber yang
paling baik dalam mempastikan jadual dan susunan pemasangan.
• Gagal mengkaji lukisan projek dan masukkan maklumat kedalam jadual Kerja.
• Gagal ambil perhatian dan sedar mengenai keperluan spesifikasi keseluruhan projek.
Situasi seperti ini timbul apabila agensi-agensi kerajaan mepunyai jadual tersendiri. Oleh
itu, setiap projek adalah berbeza.

• Ketidakmampuan melaksanakan lankgkah-langkah pembetulan/pembaikan – atau membuat pembetulan

tanpa input dari Kontraktor Utama/Builder. Usaha pembetulan dan pemulihan memerlukan interaksi dengan
3.3 Keperluan Sumber untuk Perolehan
kontraktor-kontraktor. Tindakan sepihak hanya akan meyebabkan jadual kerja perlu dibuat semula.
• Kesilapan dan kelalaian: Penjadual yang kurang pengalaman pasti tidak dapat kenal dan kesan banyaknya (a)Peralatan dan Bahan
“sub-tasks” dibawah setiap aktiviti yang kompleks. AC Installation Guide
• Gagal mendapat kelulusan Klien mengenai Jadual Kerja sebelum projek bermula. Oleh itu kemampuan
Safety Guidelines When Installing Central Air
mengemaskini , mengejar dan mengikuti kemajuan sebenar akan terjejas.
• Gagal ambil kira kaitan antara turutan: Banyak aktiviti mempunyai berbagai hubungan aktiviti-aktiviti lain. All products must be installed according to manufacturer’s installation
Kerap kali, hubungan ini tidak diambil kira. Kesilapan ini akan timbul semasa mengemaskini jadual apabila instructions and safety guidelines.
“float” bagi banyak aktiviti telah berubah dari positif ke negative. All work must be done according to local and national building, electrical and
• Kurang peruntukan masa bagi proses “submission – approval”. Kerap kali berlaku bila penjadual kerja tidak mechanical codes.
peruntukan masa yang cukup bagi proses persiapan dan penyerahan “submission” – terutama sekali
Wear proper safety equipment when performing your installation.
“resubmission”. Proses kelulusan memakan masa – tambahan lagi masa “review” kerap ada terdapat dalam
spesifikasi projek. Get local permits if necessary.
• Kekurangan “contingency” dan penekanan melampau (over-compression): jadual terlalu “aggressive” Do not adjust or handle refrigerant unless you are EPA-Certified.
menyebabkan “float” berkurangan. Keadaan ini berlaku bila Kontraktor terpedaya masuk kontrak projek Do not handle high-voltage electrical wiring unless properly trained.
walau dengan kesedaran kesukaran menepati tarikh siap. Be careful when handling sheet metal - it can be very sharp.
• Gagal mengesan arahan tukar (change orders) dan kesan keatas lalun genting (critical path). Tanpa
Improper installation of Improper installation of products or improperly servicing a
pengesanan dan unjuran jitu, Kontraktor akan menghadapi masalah penjadualan kerja sehingga
mengakibatkan tuntutan kelewatan. furnace can cause serious injury or death.
 11/4/2017

AC Installation Guide
What You’ll Need
Tools: Supplies (Contained in the AC
• L-Square Supplies Packages): Equipment: The tools, method and equipment used in installing depend on the
• Sheet Metal Shears • Prefabricated Sheet Metal • Condensing Unit or Heat type of AC equipment
• Sheet Metal Benders (optional) • Drain Tubing Pump
• Wire Cutters • Low-Voltage, 4-Conductor Wire • Line Set
• Wrench • Plastic Tie Wraps • Electrical Whips
• Screwdriver • Sheet Metal Screws • Electrical Safety Shut-Off -
• Tubing Cutter • Hex Nut Driver Disconnect
• Hole Saws (around 2 inches) • Low Voltage Wire Nuts
• Tape Measure • Evaporator Drain Fitting
• Drill • Copper Fittings
• Drill Bits • Spade Connectors
• Plastic Hangers for hanging pipe

KK-P-001: LP-2 - ms. 49: Rajah 6-2 : Belanjawan Projek dalam bentuk Carta Bar
 11/4/2017

KK-P-001: LP-2 - ms. 48: Rajah 6-1 : Nilai Projek dalam bentuk “S- Curve”

5. Aliran Tunai
60000

50000
Belanjawan Kumulatif

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Request for ... Procurement Processes (RFT, RFQ, RFP,

60000
RFI)
Belanjawan Kumulatif

50000 Request for Information (RFI) dipakai bila perlu maklumat drpd. Pembekal. Proses ini akan
diusuli dengan RFQ or RFP.
Garis Aliran
Wang 40000
Request for Quote (RFQ) dipakai bila perlu maklumat bagaimana Pembekal akan
masuk memenuhi segala syarat + kos. RFQ = IFB (Invitation For Bid)
30000

Request for Proposal (RFP) dipakai bila ada sesuatu masalah dan tidak tahu apa penyelesaian nya.
Proses ini adalah yang paling “formal” antara proses “Request for”. Ia mengandungi peraturan
perolehan paling ketat dalam segi “content, timeline and vendor responses”.
20000

10000
RFT – Request for Tender : Peluang bagi Pembekal meberi tawaran membekal barangan atau
perkhidmatan melalui proses tender yang terperinci.

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
 11/4/2017

Request for...Procurement Processes (RFT RFQ RFP RFI)

A Request for Information (RFI) is used when you think you know what you want but
need more information from the vendors. It will typically be followed by an RFQ or
RFP.
A Request for Quote (RFQ) is commonly used when you know what you want but
need information on how vendors would meet your requirements and/or how much
it will cost. RFQ, generally means the same thing as IFB (Invitation For Bid)
A Request for Proposal (RFP) is used when you know you have a problem but don’t
know how you want to solve it. This is the most formal of the “Request for”
processes and has strict procurement rules for content, timeline and vendor
responses
RFT – Request for Tender
An opportunity for potential suppliers to submit an offer to supply goods or services
against a detailed tender.

suppliers and vendors play a key role in your company's success. Having a formalized system in place to
track and evaluate supplier and vendor performance is essential to the smooth operation and profitability
of your company.

Successful companies embrace their suppliers and vendors, viewing them as partners in helping to grow the
business. Making sure that this is a mutually beneficial partnership will impact the price you are negotiating
today and the quality of service you get in future, says Dennis Wright, a management consultant from the
SCORE Orange County office. If a supplier/vendor is a key part or service to your operation invite that
supplier or vendor to strategic meetings that involve the product they work with.

Manufacturers and Vendors
Wholesalers and Distributors
Affiliate Merchants
Franchisors
Importers and exporters
Independent crafts people
Dropshippers
Strategic suppliers are long-term, cooperative
business partners that are committed to
leveraging the strategic and operational
capabilities of both organizations to achieve
significant ongoing benefits for each party.
Preferred suppliers are identified as the
“least total cost source
An approved supplier provides
basics products or services. Pricing
is generally “street pricing” or
preferred pricing based on a single
purchase transaction.
11/4/2017
Tips and tools to effectively rate your suppliers and vendors, track their
performance, and ultimately increase your company's overall
productivity.
1. Establish Performance Indicators
Dig Deeper: Turning Vendors Into Partners
2. Classify Multiple Suppliers and Vendors
Dig Deeper: The Smart Vendor-Audit Checklist
3. Devise an Evaluation Method
Dig Deeper: Vendor Management for Small Retailers
4. Determine Who's Calling the Shots
Dig Deeper: Supplier Relations
5. Maintain Good Relationships
Dig Deeper: Product Supplier Agreement
6. Decide When to Issue a Red Flag
Dig Deeper: A Knack for Sweet Deals
7. Cut Loose Weak Links
Dig Deeper: How to Build a Business Continuity Plan
Alliance Partner
• Supplier relationship critical to Alticor's long-term success. Fully integrated activities.
• Target: <1% of supply base.
Preferred Supplier
• Supplier relationship important to Alticor's success and difficult to replace.
•Integrated involvement in each parties' activities.
Approved Supplier
• Supplier relationship considered “standard.”
• Activities coordinated on a limited basis.
Conditional Supplier
• Supplier relationship is ”arm’s length” and replaceable when/if necessary.
• Supplier can provide existing items, but no new items without SST approval.
Eliminate
• Actively seeking to eliminate supplier.
 11/4/2017

Products & Supplies

Air Flow & Motors
Chemicals
Coils
Compressors & Flow Controls
Controls
Equipment
IAQ & Filtration
Refrigerant Handling
Supplies
Tools

Air Flow & Motors Chemicals Coils Controls Equipment

Compressors & Flow IAQ &
Belts Controls Auxiliary Switches
Blower Motors
Aerosols
Combustion Controls
Air Conditioners, Furnaces,
Heat Pumps, Air Handlers &
Filtration
Boiler & Closed System Treatment Chemicals
Capacitors Compressors Commercial Controls Indoor Air Coils
Coil Cleaners Air Filter Accessories
Condenser Fan Motors Remanufactured Contactors Condenser Covers
Condensate Pan Treatment Air Filters
Fan & Blower Motors Compressors Control Enclosures Electric Unit Heaters
Degreasers Humidity
General Purpose Motors Fittings Current Sensors Gas Unit Heaters
Ice Machine Cleaners Management
Motor Accessories System Protectors Defrost Controls Installation Accessories
Leak Detection UV Lights
Oil Burner Motors Valves Installation Accessories Light Commercial Units
Refrigeration Oil & Vacuum Pump Oil Water Filtration
Specialty Motors Oil Heat Controls Mini Splits
Sealants, Threadlocking & Gasketing
Sprayers & Hoses Power Supply PTACs & Accessories
Water & Scale Treatment Relays Portable Cooling
Smoke Detectors
Switches
Thermostats
Transformers
Zoning

Refrigerant Handling
Manifold Gauges & Charging Hose
Refrigerant Recovery
Refrigerant Scales
Service Tools
Vacuum Pumps & Gauges
11/4/2017
HVAC Inventory Management Case Study: ACE A/C & Heating – Wasp
Supplies Barcode
Tools
Brazing & Soldering
Chiller Maintenance Tools
Cable & Wire
Installation Accessories Combustion Analyzers
With hundreds of items on its warehouse shelves, Ace’s management tried
Safety Hand Tools spreadsheets to track the quantities on hand of individual parts, an effort
Supplies Test Instruments & Accessories
which proved to be ineffective.
Ace now uses Wasp’s inventory solution to manage its parts inventory and
keep an accurate count of items in stock.
Using the Wasp mobile computer, Ace can quickly update inventory counts
by scanning the barcodes on replacement parts as they are received. Then,
when service technicians take parts from the warehouse for a job, the
inventory items are checked out to them. Unlike the old spreadsheet
approach, scanning barcodes is easy, accurate, and avoids placing any
additional burden on technicians
8.0 Prosedur & Kawalan Inventori
Ideal for businesses ranging from individual contractors to larger
operations with multiple locations, Inventory Control delivers advanced
capabilities in an easy-to-use format.
Inventory Control is recommended for:
Warehouses
Light manufacturing and distribution centers
Retailers
Stock rooms & supply closets
Inventory-carrying trucks, ships or containers
Installation contractors or any business that buys, stocks and sells parts
and products
 11/4/2017

9.0 Tamat
 11/4/2017

1.2 Component of Local

Guidelines On Occupational Safety and Health for design, Inspection, Testing
Exhaust Ventilation
and examination of local exhoust ventilation system (JKKP/DOSH)
System Local exhaust
1.1 Introduction
ventilation system are
comprised of up to four
Local exhaust ventilation system is the most common type of engineering control equipment basic elements:
used to control exposure of employees to chemicals hazardous to health. Local exhaust
ventilation system operate on the principle of capturing a contaminant at or near its source hood,
before they are dispersed into the workroom environment. Contaminants can be in the form
of dust, smoke, mist, aerosol, vapour and gas. duct system,
air cleaner and
1.2 Component of Local Exhaust Ventilation System Local exhaust ventilation system are fan
comprised of up to four basic elements: hood, duct system, air cleaner and fan.
 11/4/2017

LEGAL PROVISION

Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standard Exposure to Chemicals Hazardous to
Health) Regulations 2000 defined engineering control as any equipment which is used to
control exposure of employees to chemicals hazardous to health and includes local exhaust
ventilation equipment, water spray or any other airborne chemical removal and
containment equipment.

Regulation 17 stipulated that any engineering control equipment has to be inspected at an

interval not longer than one month and has to be examined and tested by Hygiene
Technician at an interval not longer than twelve months.

Regulation 18 stipulated that local exhaust ventilation system has to design according to
approved standard by registered professional engineer. This regulation also stipulated the
responsibility of registered professional engineer to test the local exhaust ventilation system
after construction and installation.

Regulation 19 stipulated the type of records the employer has to keep and produced for
inspection when requested by Director General of Occupational Safety and Health.

APPROVED STANDARD FOR DESIGN OF LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION SYSTEM There is no

specific standard for designing of local exhaust ventilation system. Industrial ventilation – A
Manual of Recommended Practice by ACGIH is the most common reference book used by
designer of local exhaust ventilation system.

So the designer has to submit standard to be used for approval by Director General of
Occupational Safety and Health before can proceed with the design.

Appendix D list out some of the standard that can be used.