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KANDUNGAN
1.0 Gambaran Keseluruhan 6.0 Pelan Susunatur Tapak
Pengurusan Tapak 6.1 Pengenalan
2.0 Dokumen Kontrak 6.2 Lokasi projek
2.1 Pengenalan 6.3 Utiliti sedia ada
2.2 Pengenalan jenis kontrak 7.0 Pihak Berkuasa
2.3 Kandungan Dokumen Kontrak 7.1 Pengenalan
3.0 Program Kerja 7.2 Penguasa Tempatan Tempatan
3.1 Pengenalan (PBT)
3.2 Mobilisasi 7.3 Agensi-agensi Kerajaan
3.3 Aplikasi Lukisan 7.4 Prosidur
3.4 Jadual Kerja 8.0 Kawalan Inventori Dan
3.5 Keperluan Sumber Prosedur
4.0 Carta Organisasi Projek 8.1 Pengenalan
4.1 Pengenalan 8.2 Prosidur Pentadbiran Inventori
LP 6 4.2 Aliran kuasa
4.3 Polisi gunatenaga kerja syarikat
9.0 Kawalan Keselamatan
9.1 Pengenalan
5.0 Keselamatan, Kesihatan dan 9.2 Jenis-jenis kawalan keselamatan
Alam Sekitar 9.3 Kawalan Tapak
5.1 Pengenalan 9.4 Personnel
5.2 Manual Dan Prosedur 9.5 Prosidur Pemantauan
PENGURUSAN TAPAK 5.3 Akta-akta dan Peraturan 9.6 Prosidur Laporan

2.0 Dokumen Kontrak

1.0 Gambaran Keseluruhan Pengurusan
Tapak
Sumber Rujukan:
1. Dokumen Kontrak
2. Program Kerja (LP5)
3. Carta Organisasi Tapak (LP5)
4. Akta Keselamatan dan Alam Sekitar
5. Pelan Susunatur Tapak
6. Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT)
7. Kawalan Inventori (LP3)
8. Prosedur & Keselamatan Tapak

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PERSEKITARAN PERUNDANGAN
Undang-undang Substantif: Kontrak dalam kata mudah
adalah persetujuan antara dua atau
1. Kontrak lebih pihak untuk melakukan atau tidak
melakukan sesuatu bagi mendapatkan
2. Tort (Kesalahan Sivil) sesuatu sebagai balasan.
3. Pengguna Undang-undang kontrak di Malaysia
berasaskan “common-law” dan dikawal
4. Amalan Perdagangan oleh Akta Kontrak 1950 (Pindaaan
1974) bersama beberapa provisi
5. Perlembagaan dalam Akta Relief Spesifik 1950.
Namun, prinsip-prinsip dalam “common
6. Percukaian law” masih terpakai di negara ini menerusi
peruntukan dalam seksyen 3 dan 5 Akta
7. ________ dll. Undang-Undang Sivil 1956.
Ini kerana Akta Kontrak 1950 bukanlah
suatu Akta yang lengkap dan menyeluruh
bagi mengawal selia semua elemen-
elemen dalam undang-undang kontrak.

Tujuan dokumen kontrak:

1. Bukti utama wujud perjanjian antara dua pihak
2. Kenyataan jelas berkaitan dengan terma dan syarat kontrak
3. Menjelaskan hak, tugas, tanggungjawab serta tanggungan
pihak berkontrak
4. Platform bagi perekabentuk menyampaikan tujuan
rekabentuk kepada pihak berkontrak dan juga pihak
berkuasa (Kerajaan tempatan dsb.)
5. Mejelaskan had dan perincian kerja
6. Pembayaran
7. Menyatakan pegawai yang bertanggungjawab keatas
kontrak, tugasan dsb.
8. Menyatakan prosedur pentadbiran antara pihak
berkontrak.
Didalam industri pembinaan, kerap berlaku pertikaian atau
perbalahan diantara pihak-pihak, misalnya;
antara klien dengan kontraktor;
antara klien dengan konsultan atau ahli-ahli profesional
projek (arkitek, jurutera, juruukur bahan, dan lain-lain);
antara kontraktor dengan subkontraktor;
antara kontraktor dengan pembekal;
antara subkontraktor dengan pembekal;
antara klien dengan pembekal;
antara klien dengan pihak ketiga (jiran projek, orang yang
dijemput, pemegang lesen dan lain-lain);
antara kontraktor dengan pihak ketiga; dan
antara klien dengan agensi-agensi kerajaan tertentu.

2

Apabila berlaku pertikaian atau perbalahan diantara
pihak-pihak tersebut (atau kombinasi pihak-pihak
tersebut) maka salah satu cara penyelesaiannya
ialah mengambil tindakan undang-undang di
mahkamah.
Salah satu tindakan undang-undang di mahkamah
yang paling popular ialah tindakan sivil bagi
mendapatkan gantirugi. Ada juga tindakan sivil
yang lain seperti perisytiharan, injunksi,
certiorari, mandamus dan lain-lain
Standard Forms in Malaysia
There are four institutions and organizations in
Malaysia that produce standard forms of
construction contracts.
(a) The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (“IEM”);
(b) Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia (“PAM”);
(c) Construction Industry Development Board
(“CIDB”); and
(d) Jabatan Kerja Raya (“JKR”).
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Didalam projek pembinaan, diantara sebab
musabab tindakan sivil diambil adalah seperti
berikut:
· tuntutan gantirugi bagi pelanggaran kontrak;
· tuntutan gantirugi dan/atau perintah larangan
(injunksi) kerana pencerobohan, mudarat dan
kecuaian yang berlaku (yang biasanya akibat
aktiviti-aktiviti pembinaan); dan
· tindakan gantirugi dan/atau perisytiharan,
certiorari, dan lain-lain akibat penjawat awam
atau agensi kerajaan terbabit telah tidak
melaksanakan tugasnya, lampau kuasa, dll.
2.2 Jenis Perolehan (Procurement)
Maksud Perolehan ialah gabungan aktiviti2 oleh
pemilik mempunyai sebuah bangunan.
Biasanya terdapat 2 (dua) jenis;
Tradisional
Alternatif
Traditional procurement systems are categorized as
Lump Sum-Firm Bill of Quantities (LSFBQ),
Lump Sum-Approximate Bill of Quantities (LSABQ)
Lump Sum-Drawing and Specification (LSDS)
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2.2 Jenis Perolehan (Procurement) Tradisional ( Design–bid–build)

Alternatif Satu kaedah yang paling
banyak, terkenal dan
• Design and build lama “eastablished”
• Management contracting Dalam kaedah ini terdapat
akitek atau jurutera
• Terdapat beberapa cara baru yang melibatkan berperanan sebagai
hubungan/gabungan kontrak dimana dasarnya menekankan “project coordinator”.
kerjasama antara pemilik (principal), kontraktor dan Antara tanggung jawabnya
“stakeholders” dalam projek itu. ialah:
– Public-Private Partnering (PPPs) aka. Private finance • menyediakan
initiatives (PFIs) rekabentuk, spesifikasi
dan pelan2.
- Kerjasama seperti "pure" atau "project“ dan Kerjasama
"impure" or "strategic" alliances. • Menyediakan kontrak
• Menyediakan Tender
Tumpuan kepada kerjasama adalah untuk memperbaiki • Menguruskan kerja
masalah-masalah yang timbul dari amalan yang sering kali pembinaan dari awal
sangat kompetitif dan pertentangan dalam industri sampai siap.
pembinaan

Design/Bid/Build : Baik dan Buruk

Struktur: Design/Bid/Build
Baik (Pros) Buruk (Cons)
Paling Senang difahami Membawa kepada
Pemilik permusuhan
(Owner)
Paling lama dalam sejarah Boleh menimbulkan
berbagai isu perundangan
Arkitek Kontraktor bila timbul masalah-
masalah yang tidak
diduga
Dapat hasilkan harga Menggalakkan
paling berdaya saing pemotongan harga dan
Perundi Sub- kualiti rendah bagi harga
ng Kontraktor
yang terendah; kulaiti
boleh berkurangan dalam
masa harga meningkat

4

Design/Bid/Build : Baik dan Buruk
Baik (Pros)
Paling disenangi oleh ahli-
ahli politik, audit, pegawai
kerajaan dan piawaian,
Tiada Jalan lain bagi projek
Kerajaan; kaedah lain
memerlukan kebenaran
khas
Sesuai bagi projek yang
tidak rumit dengan tujuan
yang lurus kehadapan,
masa yang cukup; pemilik
dapat jangka apa
produknya.
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Design/Bid/Build : Baik dan Buruk
Buruk (Cons) Baik (Pros) Buruk (Cons)
Tawaran yang rendah Kaedah yang paling kurang Rekabentuk menjadi
menggalakkan bilangan VO bergantung kepada tanggungan pemilik
yang tinggi. dorongan mana-mana
Boleh menyebabkan lebih personaliti
susah bagi kontraktor Proses tender lewat
kurang pengalaman dalam menghasilkan harga tetap.
persekitaran yang Banyak bahaya bagi
terkekang pemilik yang kurang
Boleh menyebabkan pengalaman.
kesukaran dalam
menangani prtukaran skop
Design and Build
Kaedah ini melibatkan kontrak antara klien dan
satu pihak yang mampu menyediakan reka bentuk
dan membina reka bentuk itu.
aka:
‘package deal’ atau ‘turnkey contract’ ,
Kontraktor melaksanakan kerja-kerja rekabentuk dan
pembinaan bagi memenuhi kehendak pemilik.
Jenis kontrak ini menyatukan tugas-tugas bagi sesuatu
projek ( design procurement, manufacture, fabrication,
production, construction and management) kedalan satu
pakej.
Tugas Kontraktor boleh juga ditambah dengan financing,
procuring approvals, complete fitting out, technology
transfer.
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STRUKTUR: DESIGN & BUILD

Pemilik Perunding
Design & BUild

Kontraktor

Arkitek Sub-
Kontraktor/In-
House Design

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Management Contracting (Management

procurement systems)

• Kaedah ini klien ambil peranan sebagai pembekal

dan buat perjanjian kontrak berlainan antaranya
dengan akitek/jurutera, pengurus pembinaan dan
setiap pembekal.
• Kaedah ini membenarkan klien cepatkan proses
perolehan (procurement), lebih fleksibilti dalam
menangani perubahan design, melantik terus
kontraktor untuk kerja2 tertentu dan secara am
lebih kuasa mengawal projek tersebu.

7

Hybrids
(i) ‘Develop and construct’ contract: this is similar to a
design and build contract, but a concept design is
prepared by independent professionals engaged by
the employer before the design and build contractor is
selected ;
(ii) ‘Design and manage’ contract: This is similar to a
management contract, but the contractor is also
responsible for detailed design or for managing the design
process;
(iii) ‘Design and construction management’ contract: This
is similar to construction management but the
construction manager is also responsible for detailed
design or for managing the design process.
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Miscellaneous Contracts
Over and above the common methods of contract procurement described above,
there exist other types of contracts that are being utilized by the local construction
industry. These are essentially variations of the conventional methods and have been
developed to address specific uses. Such contracts include, inter alia, the following:
(i) ‘Build, operate and transfer 50 contract’:
(ii) (ii) ‘Serial contract’:
(iii) (iii) ‘Continuation contract’:
(iv) (iv) ‘Periodic contract’:
(v) (v) ‘Partnering contract’:
(vi) vi) ‘Independent contract’:
(vii) Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Commissioning ("EPCC")
(viii)TProject Management Contractor (PMC)
(ix) EPIC - Engineering Procurement Installation Commisioning
2.3 Kandungan Dokumen Kontrak
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Tender Secara Konvensional

1. Table of Contents
2. Volume 1 - Contractual and General Requirements 3. Volume 2
Section I
Specifications
•Instruction to Tenderer
•Form of Tender (JKR 203B - Pind. 5/2008)) Standard specification for building works (2005)
•Letter of Acceptance (JKR 203D - Pind. 8/2008) Addendum specifications
•General Conditions of Contract JKR Standard Specification for precast concrete piles in building
• PWD FORM 203A (Rev. 2007) works (JKR 20709-0182-91)
• Addendum to COC JKR Standard Specification for prefabricated cold formed steel roof
•Special provisions to the Conditions of Contract trusses (JKR 20600-0022-2001)
Section II JKR Standard Specification for prefabricated timber roof
trusses (JKR 20600-0020-99)
•Bills of Quantities
JKR Standard Specification for Structural Steel Works (JKR 20600-
• Main Summary of Tender
0019-99)
• Preliminaries JKR Specification for Quality Assurance Plan
• Appendices to preliminaries Specification for Precast Concrete Component
• Building works Architectural Works for IBS Component
• Sample BQ for IBS Component
• External works Measurement Amplification and Pricing Factor
• Prime Cost Sums and Provisional Sums
• List of Drawings used in the preparations of BQ

2.3.1 Kontrak
Konventional: Work Program Specification (Conventional)
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
LA
1.0 GENERAL
1.1. This specification describes the requirements for the preparation,
submittal, update and revision of the Contractor’s Work Program. The
requirements are in addition to the provisions under Clause 12.0 of
the Condition of Contract.

1.2. The Contractor’s Work Program shall be used by the Contractor to

plan and execute the Works. The Work Program will also be used by
the S.O. to monitor progress and be the basis for the assessment of
extensions of time and the effect of delay on the progress of the
Works.

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(JKR 203N4 Pind. 2007)

SURAT SETUJU-TERIMA 1.4. The Work Program shall be produced by the Contractor
TENDER LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE OF TENDER
OLEH KONTRAKTOR UTAMA KEPADA
in the following phases:
SUBKONTRAKTOR DINAMAKAN
BY MAIN CONTRACTOR TO NOMINATED SUB-CONTRACTOR 1.4.1. Initial Work Program. An Initial Work Program for
……………………………………………….
the first three months of work.
……………………………………………….
………………………………………………. 1.4.2. Accepted Work Program. A Work Program
(Kontraktor Utama)
(Main Contractor)
(incorporating the Initial Work Program) for the totality of the
Tarikh ........................................... Works, which shall be submitted to the S.O. for his
Date : approval. If the S.O. does not approve it, this Work Program
Kepada, To,
shall be revised and resubmitted for acceptance as set out
………………………………………………… in the Contract.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
(Subkontraktor Dinamakan)
(Nominated Sub-Contractor)

Tuan,

1.4.3. Revised Work Program. Any revision to the Accepted Work
Program approved by S.O shall be termed as Revised Work
Program.
1.4.4. Tracking Report. Accepted/Revised Work Program updated
with actual progress and saved on at least a monthly basis for
progress tracking and record purposes.
2.0 SUBMISSION OF WORK PROGRAM
2.1 Within fourteen (14) days after the date of the Letter of Acceptance, the
Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for his information on Initial Work Program
showing the order in which the Contractor proposes to carry the works
anticipated in the first three months following the award of the contract. The
Initial Work Program shall have regard to the completion date and any other
milestones, and/or restraints set out in the contract.

1.5. Approval by the S.O. of any phase of the Contractor’s Work
Program does not make the Work Program a contract document,
or mandate that the Works shall be constructed strictly in
accordance with the Work Program. The Contractor at all times
remains responsible for the construction of the Works in
accordance with Clause 6.0 of the Condition of Contract
2.2 Within twenty eight (28) days after the date of the Letter of Acceptance [or
such other time as may be specified in the Contract], the Contractor shall
submit to the S.O. for his review and acceptance a Work Program for the
whole Contract (incorporating the Initial Work Program) showing the order of
procedure in which the Contractor proposes to carry out the Works. This Work
Program becomes the Accepted Work Program upon acceptance by the S.O. The
Accepted Work Program shall have regard to the contract completion dates and any
other milestones, and/or restraints set out in the Contract. Thereafter, if the actual
progress does not conform to the Accepted Work Program, the S.O. is entitled to
require the Contractor to submit to the S.O. for acceptance a revised Work Program
showing the order of procedure and periods necessary to ensure completion of the
Works by the contract completion dates.

10

2.4 The Contractor shall supply the S.O. with electronic
copy of each Work Program, together with a print out bar
chart or tabular report in a pre-agreed format. All Work
Programs shall be prepared and submitted using Microsoft
Project 2003 software or latest version or equivalent. The
software shall be capable of producing Work Programs and
information that complies with the requirements of this clause
and shall be in a format that can be read by commercially
available proprietary planning software.
4.1.1 The Work Program must be presented in a Works Breakdown
Structure (WBS) format to designated level approved by JKR or its
representatives.
PROCESS OF SITE POSESSION (cont’d)
Date of possession (cont’d)
LETTER OF Site Possession
ACCEPTANCE
MAX 60 DAYS
Fixing dates for possession of site for governments jobs:
 Where completion date is critical – 2 or 3 weeks after the date
of letter of acceptance – sufficient time for contractor to obtain
insurances, etc. And to mobilise resources
 Other jobs – maximum of 60 days after date of letter of
acceptance and to be fixed after consultation.
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3.2 Mobilisasi
Tarikh milik tapak
- Rujuk klausa 38.2 JKR 203A (Rev. 1 /2010)
• Employer is obligated to give possession of site to allow
contractor to carry out his work.
• The date of possession is stated in letter of acceptance sent
to contractor and appendix of condition of contract in contract
documents.
• Usually the date of submission of the construction site is 2
weeks after the date (LA)
• Within 2 weeks - the purpose to provide opportunities for the
contractor to provide necessary preparations before starting
work on site
PWD FORM 203A (Rev.1/2010)
Clause 38.2
‘….The contractor shall thereupon and forthwith commence the works…and
regularly and diligently proceed with and complete the works on or before
the date for completion…’
Contractor need to start the works and complete the works on or before the
date of completion as stated in appendix.
It is an obligation contractor to proceed with the work regularly and diligently
and complete the work time.
These requirements ensure that the contractor will perform according to the
agreed schedule and the project can be completed within the promised.
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PAM2006
Commencement and completion (Refer to Clause 21.1)
• The contractor must be given full or exclusive possession of the
site – the whole site even though some parts may not be needed
until a later stage of the project
• The contractor is entitled to assume unrestricted possession of the
whole site to enable him to plan his work accordingly – unless
there is agreement to the contrary
• The architect will issue instruction to fix the date for site possession
if :
A) the date of commencement is not specified
B) the date specified becomes invalidated which is not due to
contractor’s fault
e.g: deferment of possession of site by the employer to A
new date
• The architect has the power to defer the possession of site for any
reason
• If the date of possession is deferred, the date of completion will be
revised accordingly.

3.3 Aplikasi Lukisan 3.4 Jadual Kerja

Rujuk LP 12 – Penjadualan Kerja

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3.5 Keperluan Sumber 4.0 Carta Organisasi Projek

Rujuk LP 4 – Perolehan Loji dan Jentera

Rujuk LP 5 – Penugasan Kerja

5. Keselamatan, Kesihatan & Alam

4.3 Polisi Gunatenaga Kerja Syarikat
Sekitar
To consistently provide high
quality products & services
to satisfy customers' needs
and requirements. We
achieve this with
continuous technology
advancement, training and
human resource Penyusunan Akta-akta, Undang-undang dan
development. Peraturan Alam Sekitar berhubung dengan
Industri Pembinaan

13

No. Tajuk
1 Pencemaran Udara – EQA 1974
Pembakaran
Terbuka
2 Pencemaran Udara
3 Scheduled waste
4 Pencemaran Bising
5 Pencemaran Air
6 Pencemaran Tanah
(termasuk `siltation’,
habuk)
7 Tree Preservation
Akta
EQ (Control of Emission from
Disel Engines) regulations 1998
EQ (Clean Air) Regulations 1978
EQA 1974
Local Govt Act 1976
EQA 1974
Environmental Quality (Sewage
and Industrial Effluents)
Regulations 1979
EQA 1974
Act 172 Town & Country 1976
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Aktiviti Pembinaan No. Tajuk Akta Aktiviti Pembinaan
Terbabit Terbabit
Tapak Pembinaan 8 Undang2 berkaitan dgn. Akta Keselamatan dan Tapak Pembinaan
Keselamatan pekerja di Kesihatan Pekerja 1994
tapak binaan. (AKKP 1994) dan Akta Kilang
Tapak Pembinaan dan Jentera 1967 (AKJ 1967)
Tapak Pembinaan 9 Akta2, Peraturan dan Tapak Pembinaan
Perintah berkaitan dgn.
Tapak Pembinaan ISO 14001 EMS
Tapak Pembinaan
10 Jenis Kimia & Kawalan Explosive Act 1957 (Act 207) Tapak Pembinaan
& Rules 1923 & Persekitaran
Tapak Pembinaan 11 Akta2, Peraturan dan Peraturan2 Kerajaan Tapak Pembinaan
Perintah berkaitan dgn. tempatan. & Persekitaran
JPJ, Kumbahan, Bekalan
Tapak Pembinaan Letrik, Uniform Building
By Laws (UBBL) dll.
21.0 COMPLIANCE WITH THE LAW
21.1 The Contractor shall comply in all respects (including the
giving of all notices and the paying of all fees required) with any
law, regulation or by-law, or any order or directive issued by any
public authority or public service company (hereinafter referred
to as "Statutory Requirements"), relating to the Works or, in the
case of public authority or public service company, with those
systems the same are or will be connected. The Contractor shall
submit to the S.O. all approvals received by the Contractor in
connection therein. The Contractor shall keep the Government
indemnified against all penalties and liability of every kind for
breach of any such Statutory Requirements.
14

45.0 INVESTIGATION BY THE GOVERNMENT AND OTHER
PERSONS IN CASE OF ACCIDENT, FAILURE OR OTHER EVENT
Where the Government, its employee or any person or body
appointed or authorised by it carries out any investigation in
relation to any accident, failure or other event which has occurred
to, in or in connection with the Works or any part thereof for the
purpose of determining the cause or reason for the said accident,
failure or event, the Contractor shall render all such necessary
assistance and facilities as may be required by the Government,
its employee or such person or body, including the giving of
access to all specifications, designs, records and other available
information relating to the Works.
5.2 Manual & Prosedur
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5.0 Keselamatan, Kesihatan dan Alam Sekitar
Semua pihak hendaklah mematuhi apa-apa peraturan
yang telah ditetapkan oleh pihak berkuasa iaitu
Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (JKKP)
dan Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS).
Akta yang berkaitan, di bawah pengawasan Jabatan
ini adalah Akta Kilang & Jentera (AKJ), Akta
Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan dan Akta Kualiti
Alam Sekitar
UNDANG-UNDANG KECIL BANGUNAN SERAGAM SELANGOR 1986
BAHAGIAN III - RUANG KAWASAN, CAHAYA DAN PENGUDARAAN
39. Cahaya dan pengudaraan semulajadi.
40. Telaga udara.
41. Pengudaraan atau penyamanan udara secara mekanikal.
42. Luas minimum bilik-bilik dalam bangunan kediaman.
BAHAGIAN VII - KEHENDAK-KEHENDAK MENENTANG KEBAKARAN
198. Pengudaraan kepungan tangga.
199. Pengudaraan kepungan tangga bagi bangunan yang tidak melebihi 18 meter.
200. Pengudaraan kepungan tangga bagi bangunan yang melebihi 18 meter.
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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974 [ACT 127] – P.U.(A) 451/99

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (REFRIGERANT MANAGEMENT) REGULATIONS 1999
Incorporating latest amendments - P.U.(A) 395/2004

Regulation 4. Prohibition on the use of refrigerant environmentally hazardous substance.

The use of refrigerant environmentally hazardous substance as a refrigerant in any new
installation of a building chiller, refrigeration system, vehicle air conditioner or an air
conditioning equipment is prohibited. [Am. P.U.(A) 395/2004]

Regulation 5. Handling of refrigerant environmentally hazardous substance.

(1) No person shall handle any refrigerant environmentally hazardous substance unless he has
received the approved training in the reclamation and recycling of any refrigerant
environmentally hazardous substance and is in possession of an approved machine for the
activity.

Regulation 6. Offence to vent refrigerant environmentally hazardous substance.

Prohibition on moving refrigerant environmentally hazardous

substance out of Malaysia.

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974 [ACT 127] – P.U.(A) 451/99

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (REFRIGERANT MANAGEMENT) REGULATIONS Asas-asas pemulihan (Recovery basics)
1999 - Incorporating latest amendments - P.U.(A) 395/2004

SCHEDULE [Regulation 2] - REFRIGERANT ENVIRONMENTALLY

Asas-asas pemulihan bahan penyejuk bermula dengan mempunyai peralatan
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES yang betul. Perlu ada:

1. CFCl3 – Triklorofluorometana (CFC - 11), CF2Cl2 DikIorodifluorometana manifold gauges,

(CFC - 12) safety glasses,
C2F3Cl3 TrikIorotrifluoroetana (CFC - 113), C2F4Cl2 gloves,
DikIorotetrafluoroetana (CFC - 114), a refrigerant recovery cylinder,
C2F5Cl Kloropentafluoroetana (CFC - 115) scale,
approved refrigerant recovery unit and
the proper hoses (including hoses with low-loss fittings) to
connect to the discharge side of your recovery equipment fitted
with ball valve ends.

16

Safety First (2/2)
Bekerja dengan penyejuk tekanan tinggi mempunyai isu-isu keselamatan
yang unik.
R-410A adalah penyejuk tekanan tinggi yang paling biasa digunakan hari ini.
Kerja-kerja Pemulihan memerlukan penggunaan tangki, hos, pancarongga
dan peralatan pemulihan yang berbeza.
Apabila bekerja dengan penyejuk tekanan tinggi, pastikan anda
menggunakan “set” manifold dengan “low-side gauge” yang boleh baca
tekanan sehingga sekurang-kurangnya 500 psig dan “high-side gauge” yang
boleh baca sehingga sekurang-kurangnya 800 psig.
Pastikan anda menggunakan pemasangan hos yang diberi nilai oleh UL
untuk kegunaan tekanan tinggi.
Tolok digunakan pada set manifold tradisional tidak dapat membaca tahap
tekanan yang dihadapi dengan penyejuk tekanan tinggi.
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Safety First (1/2)
Safety is always a concern when recovering refrigerant.
Always wear: safety glasses and gloves to keep debris from getting into
your eyes and to prevent frostbite.
Never recover refrigerant near an open flame because it will decompose
into phosgene gas. Breathing phosgene gas can be fatal.
When recovering refrigerant always use a scale to prevent overfilling the
recovery tank. Overfilling the recovery tank can cause it to rupture and
severely damage equipment, a potentially fatal situation for service
technicians and others in the area.
Some recovery equipment is available with an 80 percent overfill sensor
or tank overfill sensor (TOS). A TOS is a cable that will interface with a
liquid-level switch on the recovery cylinder and shut off the power
supply to the unit if the tank reaches 80 percent of its capacity
Refrigerant recovery methods
Terdapat tiga kaedah pemulihan yang berbeza iaitu:
Pemulihan wap vapor recovery, yang paling biasa;
“Push-pull method”
Pemulihan cecair (liquid recovery method), yang semakin
popular.
Perlu sentiasa ingat untuk menggunakan “filter-dryer or particulate
filter” pada unit pemulihan penyejuk anda.
Juga penting ialah guna “acid core dryer” apabila membuat
“recovery” daripada “burnedout system”.
Asid dan bahan zarahan akan merosakan sistem pemulihan
penyejuk anda. Jika anda gunakan penapis yang sesuai pada setiap
kerja pemulihan penyejuk anda, peralatan boleh tahan bertahun-
tahun tanpa sebarang masalah.
Semak manual operasi anda untuk mencari konfigurasi yang betul
untuk unit anda.
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Vapor recovery method

The 10 steps for proper use of the vapor recovery method:

Connect a hose with a low-loss fitting on both ends to the discharge side of
the recovery equipment. Connect the other end of this hose to the tank liquid
port on the recovery cylinder.

1. Place the recovery cylinder on a scale.

2. Connect a hose from the low-side service port of the hvac system.
3. Connect the other end of this hose to the center (charging) port of your
manifold set.
4. Connect a hose to the low-side of your manifold set.
5. Connect the other end of this hose to the suction side of the recovery
equipment.
6. Connect a hose from the tank vapor port to the high gauge on the
manifold set. This will allow you to monitor the tank pressure.
7. Close valves on manifold set.
8. Open vapor and liquid valves on the recovery cylinder. Start the recovery
system.
9. Allow unit to pull into the appropriate vacuum based on refrigerant type.
10. Close all valves and disconnect from the hvac system or begin purge
cycle.

Push-pull recovery method

It is not recommended to use this method unless you have first checked the system
configuration of the system being serviced. Here are a few questions to ask:
Liquid recovery method
• Are less than 10 pounds of refrigerant in the system?
• Is the system a heat pump or one with a reversing valve? Until recently it was unheard of to recover direct liquid. But with the use of oil-less
• Will the system allow a solid column of liquid to form? compressors and constant pressure regulator valves, it is the preferred method of
• Does the system have an accumulator? recovery by most recovery equipment manufacturers. As you know it is impossible
to compress a liquid.
If the answer is yes to any of these questions, refer to either the vapor or liquid recovery
methods. Otherwise, here are 10 steps to using the push-pull recovery method: Oil-less recovery equipment has an internal device to flash off the refrigerant. Oil-
1. Connect a hose from the tank vapor port to the center port of the manifold set. less compressors will tolerate liquid only if metered through a device like a CPR
2. Connect a hose from the low side of the manifold set to the suction side of the valve. Do not attempt to use the liquid recovery method unless your unit is
refrigerant recovery unit. designed to recover liquid.
3. Connect a low-loss hose from the discharge side of the recovery unit to the low-side Liquid recovery is performed the same way as standard vapor recovery. The only
service port. difference is that you will connect to the high side of the system. Recovering liquid
4. Connect the low-loss hose from the high-side service port to the tank liquid valve. is ideal for recovering large amounts of refrigerant like refrigerant transfer or if the
5. Place the tank on a scale. system you are servicing will allow you to recover liquid.
6. Open valves on recovery cylinder.
7. Start refrigerant recovery machine.
8. Open the low-side valve on the manifold set.
9. Monitor the scale.
10. Switch the unit over to vapor recovery once the scale stops picking up weight.

18

and low-side to the vapor port.
3. Next, connect a ¼-in. utility hose from your manifold to the suction port of the
recovery machine.
4. Finally, connect a hose from the liquid side of the recovery cylinder to the
discharge port.
Make sure that the ends of the hoses with the shut-offs are used at the suction and
discharge ports. This is required by law.
Before beginning the recovery, purge all hoses of non-condensables.
Now, open the liquid valve on the recovery tank and you’re ready to turn the recovery
unit on.
Turn the selector valve on the recovery unit to “liquid.”
Open the high-side valve and the utility port on the manifold.
The unit will recover until the low pressure switch shuts down the unit and the lamp
indicates “recovery complete.”
Now you can turn the system switch off, and turn the selector valve clockwise to off.
You need to purge the recovery system after every service. Turn the system switch on
and turn the selector valve to “purge.” Purging clears the recovery unit of refrigerant,
reducing the risk of cross-contamination and prolonging the life of your equipment.
Construction site layout involves identifying,
sizing, and placing temporary facilities (TFs)
within the boundaries of construction site.
These temporary facilities range from simple
laydown areas to warehouses, fabrication shops,
maintenance shops, batch plant, and residence
facilities. Required temporary facilities and their
areas are depending in many factors including
project type, scale, design, location, and
organization of construction work.
11/4/2017
Recovery Tips
1. Always use shortest hoses possible, making for more efficient recovery and
reducing the impact on the environment.
2. Using 3/8" hose will greatly increase your recovery rates.
3. Remove valve cores from system when possible.
4. Use heat gun to get refrigerant to boil off.
5. Use Liquid recovery when possible.
6. When comparing performance on UL or ARI websites remember that vapor
recovery is approximately 75 to 80% of the recovery process.
It is very important to use a recovery machine with a high vapor recovery rate. Liquid
recovery is 20-25% of the recovery process. A refrigerant unit with the ability to
recover liquid will speed up the first (liquid) part of the recovery process quality
recovery unit. Look for one with a large condenser, a compressor protection
regulator (CPR) valve, and a high-pressure cutout switch rated for at least 510 psi.
Some manufacturers offer a subcooling feature, which is an excellent way to increase
your rate of recovery in high ambient conditions..
In the absence of a precise site layout plan, the following
problems may occur:
a. Material stacks wrongly located. Materials arriving on site are off-loaded into
what someone guesses to be the correct location. This problem may involve
double or triple handling of materials to another location. There may be fragile.
b. Plant and equipment wrongly located. - inaccessible for the delivery of
materials; not enough room for the storage of aggregates; - Fixed cranes are
unable to reach all parts of the works; - Hoists have insufficient capacity or height
to handle the loads or badly located in relation to the floor layout;
c. Inadequate space allowed. Where inadequate space is allowed for the stacking
of materials or activities: - Materials may be stacked to high or stacked on
roadways causing hazards. - Working areas may become too cramped or additional
areas may have to be allocated with the consequent waste of time caused by
having to travel between them.
d. Site huts wrongly located in relation to their effective use, - Site office located
too near noisy activities or located too near to site roads in dusty conditions, or
too remote with insufficient overview of the site
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6.1 Temporary Facilities Selection-

Site Layout Planning Elements Construction type: The construction of an industrial plant, such as power plant, requires more
1. Safety storage and fabrication area for process mechanical and electrical work than other projects
such as a highway project
2. Site Accessibility
3. Information Signs Type of contract: For turn-key contract, the contractor can consolidate the administrative and
4. Security construction operations, means that fewer but larger and more efficient temporary facilities
can be selected. On the other hand, if the project is managed under a series of different
5. Accommodation contracts, this will translate into a higher number of smaller temporary facilities serving each
6. Offices individual contractor.
7. Water Supply and Sanitation
Project size: A relatively small project can be managed from a trailer or portable structure.
8. Material Handling While a five to ten year project may need temporary facilities of a more permanent nature.
9. Storage and site cleaning
10. Craft Change-Houses (Craft change-houses provide sheltered space for Project location: Projects located in uninhabited regions or in places where skilled labor is
craft personnel to change and store clothes, wash, and rest during waiting scarce require additional facilities for eating and living. Project far from industrial centers
require more on site services such as batch plant, equipment maintenance shops, long term
periods.)
storage area, and even some other recreational centers for the families.
11. Batch plant and Fabrication Shops

6.2 Lokasi Projek

Selection of some of the temporary facilities
depends on the manpower permanent resident
from the site. The work force breakedown into
three categories:
L1: local labor force (5 km from site). No lodging
or transportation needs.
L2: nearby labor force (5 - 60 km from site). No
lodging needs, but daily transportation
needed.
L3: far away (more than 60 km from site). Lodging
facilities needed.

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7.0 Pihak Berkuasa

21.0 COMPLIANCE WITH THE LAW

21.1 The Contractor shall comply in all respects (including the giving of
all notices and the paying of all fees required) with any law, regulation
or by-law, or any order or directive issued by any public authority or
public service company (hereinafter referred to as "Statutory
Requirements"), relating to the Works or, in the case of public
authority or public service company, with those systems the same are
or will be connected. The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. all
approvals received by the Contractor in connection therein. The
Contractor shall keep the Government indemnified against all
penalties and liability of every kind for breach of any such Statutory
Requirements.

7.1 Pengenalan 7.3 Agensi Kerajaan

Pusat Setempat (OSC) adalah sebuah unit ditempatkan di setiap Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT) oleh
Kementerian Perumahan Dan Kerajaan Tempatan (KPKT).
Pusat Setempat lebih dikenali sebagai Unit OSC kerana singkatan namanya dalam Bahasa Inggeris iaitu
One Stop Center.
Mesyuarat Jemaah Menteri pada 21 Mac 2007 telah bersetuju dengan perlaksanaan Pusat Setempat di
PBT kerana ianya merupakan aspek terpenting dalam usaha meningkatkan sistem penyampaian
perkhidmatan awam.
Antara peruntukan-peruntukan yang terlibat di bawah pengurusan Pusat Setempat adalah:
Kanun Tanah Negara 1965,
Akta Perancangan Bandar Dan Desa 1976,
Akta Kerajaan Tempatan 1976,
Akta Jalan, Parit & Bangunan 19874 serta
Undang-undang Kecil Bangunan Seragam 1984.

OBJEKTIF PUSAT SETEMPAT

- Menyelaras dan memudahcara proses kelulusan permohonan pembangunan tanah.
- Memendekkan norma masa dan mempercepatkan proses permohonan pembangunan tanah.
- Menyeragamkan prosedur dan proses permohonan pembangunan tanah.
PBT > Rujuk LP 9

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7.4 Prosedur 8. Kawalan Inventori & Prosedur

Rujuk LP3

PROSEDUR KAWALAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN

PEKERJAAN

RUJUKAN
a) Manual Sistem Pengurusan Bersepadu (JKR)
b) Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994
c) Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1974
d) Standard Specifications for Building Works 2014 (JKR
20800-0183-14)
SECTION A : PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL CONDITIONS

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Site security

General Site Security & Fire Safety

Considerations in terms of :
1. Materials theft/security
1.1 Logistics
1.2 Outbuildings
1.3 Site office
1.4 Metal theft
1.5 Cable theft

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2. Non-plant (general site) security

2.1 Non-plant (general site) security 9.2 Jenis Kawalan Keselamatan
2.2 Perimeter protection
2.3 External lighting Risk Analysis
2.4 CCTV As noted above, risks are threats or hazards,
2.5 Remote alarms analysed by likelihood and impact. For
2.6 Secure areas assessment purposes, a number of methods may
2.7 Locks be employed to ‘score’ these; generally, it is
2.8 Security manager suggested that a simple traffic light system (Red-
2.9 Scaffolding Amber-Green) may be best used, as numeric
2.10 Staff awareness scores give a false impression of precision.
Whichever means is used, the risk score is the
General Site Security & Fire Safety product of likelihood x impact.

3. Arson and malicious damage

Example : threat – opportunistic pilferage from site

Assessment

The likelihood is quite high but the impact is relatively low. Using rough numeric values,
a high likelihood is 5, a low impact is 1 – the risk score is thus 5 x 1 = 5. Referencing the
table below, it can be seen that the resultant raw risk is Amber.
Note here that the precise numbers used will vary according to the risk appetite (see
below) of the assessor. Also note that likelihood is often conditioned by local
circumstances and demography, as well as relative attractiveness of target assets to
criminals or other malicious elements.

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Ignoring a risk is sometimes appropriate, where the cost (in terms of

Once raw risks are assessed and categorised in financial or resource exposure) of any mitigation exceeds the impact of the
order of severity in the raw risk register, event which defines the risk. Risks should only be ignored, however, after
careful analysis of mitigation cost and impact. Ignoring a risk means that no
mitigation should be applied. Broadly, mitigation action is taken to counter it but is not forgotten and should be reviewed in
may take three forms: case the situation has changed.
Exporting a risk can be performed through insurance or contracting of a
• Ignore / Accept third party to deliver mitigation. This presents a risk in itself, in that
• Export / Transfer management of the risk falls mainly outside of the control of the operator or
manager.
• Address Addressing a risk is to apply mitigation measures directly by the operator
or manager. This will involve the application of people, processes or technology
to an issue to reduce the impact or the likelihood (or, ideally, both) of a risk, in
order to bring its rating down to below the operator or manager’s risk appetite.

9.3 Kawalan Tapak

4.2 Mitigation Strategies
Mitigation strategies selected may include the following:
• Restriction of access to site
• Surveillance of persons on site
• Protection of site assets
• Site safety provisions
• Provision for controlled and monitored site evacuation
• Liaison with police, local authorities and other
stakeholders

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5. General principles of mitigation
5.1 Deterrence, Detection, Delay and Response
Successful crime prevention strategies should aim to reduce the risk to the construction
site by increasing the risk to the thief or other criminal. The types and level of security
and protection used should be determined by
the results of the risk assessment. Consideration should be given to the use of the site
and the level of security should reflect the time when the site is most at risk.
Do not to place all hope in a single solution. Security provisions should be used in
combination to achieve four things:
Deterrence,
Detection,
Delay and
Response.
In many cases a solution will contribute to more than one of these. For example, a
strong fence will deter a burglar and also cause a delay gaining entry.
Delay
No barrier is impenetrable if an attacker is determined enough to
break it. The measure should therefore be in terms of the delay
provided. The fitting of an intruder alarm will detect a crime but will
not prevent theft unless sufficient delay can be caused to slow the
action of a burglar. Any delay during the committing of crime
increases the danger to a criminal that they will be caught and
therefore acts as a deterrent to completion of the crime. It is not
just whether a solution can be defeated that should be taken into
account but how long it takes to defeat and what effort is required.
Response
If a criminal is not completely deterred then at some point a form of
response is required. Response could be actions of a security guard
or the arrival of police. To determine the security provisions the
form of response must be known. If it is going to take fifteen
minutes for guards or police to arrive then the delay provided
should match this.
11/4/2017
Deterrence
Deterrence takes many forms. A ramshackle site will appear easier to
break into and may imply less protection. Alternatively the fitting of
solid fencing, high quality locks, intruder alarms, CCTV and signs
advertising guard patrols shows a potential thief that the owner
takes the issue of security seriously and may make them go
elsewhere.
Detection
Detection is the identification of the presence of a threat such as a
burglar. Identification is used in two senses.
There is the immediate identification to alert those affected by the
threat or request response by protectors (e.g. the police) and there
is also the use after an event to identify criminals. The latter does
not just mean CCTV. Detection can include monitoring of visitors to
ensure only authorised people are on site.
9.4 Personnel
Policy and Process
All security operations on site should be performed in accordance with the
Site Security Policy, which should be owned by the site manager or
operator and which will support a number of processes. These processes
should be developed by the guard force operator in agreement with the
manager and operator and should underpin the Site Security Policy. These
processes should be managed, monitored and their performance
measured and form part of the service level agreement above.
The Site Security Policy should explicitly state the requirements of site
security and the means and xtent of its enforcement. It should define, for
example, the classes of person to be granted access, the requirements for
gaining site access (such as agreement to exit searches, for example), the
powers of the guard force and all other requirements for security. A clear
condition for site access must be explicit acceptance of the Site Security
Policy and persons not accepting it should be denied access.
The Site Security Policy should also cover the obligations and responsibilities
of personnel employed on or visiting the site. This should include traffic
circulation, responsibility for reporting safety or security breaches and the
requirement to cooperate with the guard force.
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9.5 Prosedur Pemantauan 9.6 Prosedur Laporan

Rujuk kepada “Site Security Policy” Rujuk kepada “Site Security Policy”

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9.6 Prosedur Laporan

Mesyuarat Tapak Bina

1. Mesyuarat tapak bina diadakan untuk

memberi Kontraktor peluang membentangkan
masalah-masalah yang dihadapi semasa
melaksanakan kerja supaya masalah-masalah ini
boleh dibincang dan diselesaikan dengan
cepat. Mesyuarat tapak bina juga memudahkan
kajian semula kemajuan kerja yang dicapai
berbanding dengan program kerja.

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2. Kekerapan mengadakan mesyuarat tapak bina bergantung kepada

nilai kontrak seperti berikut::
Surat Pekeliling KPKR 3/91 bertarikh 14.10.91
Surat KPKR bil.(22) dlm. JKR.KPKR/01/2/A39 bertarikh 07.03.92.

2. Kekerapan mengadakan mesyuarat tapak bina bergantung

1. Tujuan
kepada nilai kontrak seperti berikut::
1.1 Surat Pekeliling ini adalah bertujuan untuk memaklumkan mengenai
penggunaan format baru minit mesyuarat tapak selaras dengan aturcara baru (i) Bagi kontrak yang bernilai kurang dari RM 0.5 juta, mesyuarat
bagi melapor kemajuan projek-projek pembangunan di peringkat pembinaan. tapak bina diadakan apabila perlu sahaja;
2. Latar Belakang
Oleh kerana teknologi maklumat dan kehendak pengguna maklumat telah berubah,
(ii) Bagi kontrak yang bernilai RM 0.5 juta tetapi tidak melebihi RM
maka adalah didapati perlu ianya diubahsuai bagi memenuhi keperluan semasa. 2.0 juta, mesyuarat tapak bina diadakan sekurang-kurangnya sebulan
sekali;
2.2 Antara objektif mengadakan mesyuarat tapak ialah :
2.2.1 Menyelaras aktiviti-aktiviti pembinaan terutama sekali antara kontraktor utama, (iii) Bagi kontrak yang bernilai RM 2.0 juta ke atas tetapi tidak
kontraktor kecil dan agensi-agensi lain yang terlibat.
2.2.2 Menyelesai masalah-masalah di tapakbina antara pihak kontraktor, jabatan
melebihi RM 4.0 juta, mesyuarat tapak bina diadakan sekurang-
pelanggan dan JKR secara lebih berkesan. kurangnya sekali dalam masa dua bulan; dan
2.2.3 Meramal masalah-masalah tapak yang mungkin dihadapi dan mengambil
tindakan sewajarnya sebelum terlewat. (iv) Bagi kontrak yang bernilai RM 4.0 juta ke atas, mesyuarat tapak
bina diadakan sekurang-kurangnya sekali dalam masa tiga bulan.

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3.2 Format Minit Mesyuarat

Bagi kontrak yang memerlukan mesyuarat tapak, format untuk

menyediakan minit mesyuarat tapak mengandungi butir-butir berikut :-
(i) Laporan Ringkas Kontrak Kerja
(ii) Catatan Mesyuarat Tapak

3.2.1 Laporan Ringkas Kontrak Kerja (Lampiran 1)

Keterangan untuk mengisi Laporan ini adalah seperti di Lampiran II. Laporan ini hendaklah
menggunakan kertas mengikut Kod Warna seperti berikut :-Warna KUNING jika kemajuan kerja
mengikut atau lebih baik dari jadual semasa . (Zon I)
Warna HIJAU jika kemajuan kerja telah mencapai sekurang-kurangnya 70% dari kemajuan kerja
mengikut jadual semasa. (Zon II)
Warna MERAH jika kemajuan kerja adalah kurang dari 70% mengikut kemajuan kerja jadual
semasa atau kerja belum lagi siap (100%) walaupun tempoh siap kerja telah berlalu. (Zon III)
Rajah yang menunjukkan prestasi ini adalah seperti di Lampiran III.
3.2.2 Catatan Mesyuarat Tapak (Lampiran IV)
Catatan ini mengandungi Maklumat Mesyuarat, Butir-butir Mengenai Kontrak (Lampiran A - F),
Minit Mesyuarat dan Edaran Minit

ISI KANDUNGAN

BIL PERKARA

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