Look at the phrases we use to describe the ingredients (raw materials) used in a product

And the process of making it.

Made of | made out of

These phrases are used when we can see the original materials used
For making the object.
- This handbag is made of crocodile skin.
- This cup is made of plastic.
- This ashtray was made out of an coconut shell.
- He built a house which was made out of Lego bricks.

Made from
It is used when we cannot see the original ingredient
- This cake is made from flour, eggs butter and sugar.
- Bronze is made from copper and tin.
- Plastic is made from petroleum.
- Copper sulphate is made from copper and sulphuric acid.

Made with
It is a phrase used to mention an important ingredient (but not usually the largest
Ingredient) in the product
- This cake is made with fresh eggs.
- Our yoghurt is made with fresh fruit.

Made in
It is a phrase for describing the origin of the product.
- Our loudspeakers are made in Japan
- This table was made in Bali.
- These jeans were made in Bandung

Made something for someone

It is a phrase for describing the sponsor or intended recipient
Of a product.
- Putu Sutawijaya made this beautiful stone statues for the National Museum.
- I’m making a sweater for my sister
- She’s making a cake for my birthday.

Made something into

It is frequently used for describing a process of transformation.
- He made his scarf into a sling for his broken arm.
- He made the remains of the chicken into a delicious soup.
- She made the knitted squares of cloth into warm blankets.

Translate Bahasa Indonesia

Lihatlah frasa yang kami gunakan untuk menggambarkan bahan (bahan baku) yang
digunakan dalam suatu produk dan proses pembuatannya.

Terbuat dari | terbuat dari

Ungkapan-ungkapan ini digunakan ketika kita bisa melihat bahan asli yang digunakan
Untuk membuat objek.
- Tas tangan ini terbuat dari kulit buaya.
- Cangkir ini terbuat dari plastik.
- Asbak ini terbuat dari batok kelapa.
- Dia membangun rumah yang terbuat dari batu bata Lego.

Terbuat dari
Digunakan ketika kita tidak bisa melihat bahan aslinya
- Kue ini terbuat dari tepung, mentega telur dan gula.
- Perunggu terbuat dari tembaga dan timah.
- Plastik terbuat dari minyak bumi.
- Tembaga sulfat terbuat dari tembaga dan asam sulfat.

Dibuat dengan
Ini adalah frasa yang digunakan untuk menyebutkan bahan penting (tetapi biasanya bukan
yang terbesar
Bahan) dalam produk
- Kue ini dibuat dengan telur segar.
- Yoghurt kami dibuat dengan buah segar.

Dibuat di
Ini adalah ungkapan untuk menggambarkan asal produk.
- Pengeras suara kami dibuat di Jepang
- Meja ini dibuat di Bali.
- Jeans ini dibuat di Bandung

Membuat sesuatu untuk seseorang

Ini adalah ungkapan untuk menggambarkan sponsor atau penerima yang dituju
Suatu produk.
- Putu Sutawijaya membuat patung batu yang indah ini untuk Museum Nasional.
- Saya membuat sweater untuk kakak saya
- Dia membuat kue untuk ulang tahunku.

Membuat sesuatu menjadi

Ini sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan proses transformasi.
- Dia membuat syalnya menjadi selempang untuk lengannya yang patah.
- Dia membuat sisa-sisa ayam menjadi sup lezat.
- Dia membuat kotak-kotak kain rajutan menjadi selimut hangat.

IMPROVE YOUR WRITTEN ENGLISH: PASSIVE FORMS

Task 12
Circle the appropriate words in these sentences.
1. A football is made | of | for | in | leather.
2. Leather is made | with | from | by | animal skins.
3. FIAT cars are made | from | in | by | Italy.
4. All our cakes are made | in | into | with | fresh cream.
5. Arok dedes was written | from | by | for | Prameodya Ananta Toer
6. It was decorated with flowers which were made | into | out of | for | sea shells
7. This ice cream is made | with | out of | of | vanilla.
8.Her wedding ring is made | with | of | by | platinum
9. Paper is made | into | from | by | wood from trees.
10. This soup is made | in | with | after | chicken and asparagus.
11. This photograph was taken | by | in | at | Raja Ampat
12. These songs are sung | in | of | by | Indonesian singers.
13. I collected some wild flowers | of | from | for | my sister
14. I’ve made some cakes | for | at | by | your birthday party.
15. The gardener made a building site | for | into | up | a beautiful garden.
16. This palace was built | by | with | for | the President.
17. Nyoman Gunarsa carved the statue | in to | with | out of | a giant store
18. This banana crisp made | of | by | in | Banyuwangi
19. Did you hear the new song | of | from | by | the Noah
20. The winning goal was scored | from | with | by | Bambang Pamungkas
 Task 17
1. the carrots (chop) and are ready for the soup
2. Mercury and alcohol (often use) i thermometers because they
remain in liquid form over a large temperatute range
3. Paddy fields (can build) into steep hillsides as terraces and adjacent to
depressed or steeply sloped features such as rivers or marshes
4. at the four star macdonald windsor hotel, for instance, there is a themed refreshment table
in receptiont. In spring, the table (decorated) with daffodils, chocolate
eggs and fruity lemonade
5. Wires and cables (ate) by the circuit voltage, temperature and environmental
conditions is wich they (can use)
6. Specific chemical compounds are (often take) out of tap water during the
treatment process to adjust the pH or remove contaminants,and chlorine (may add)
to kill biological toxins
7. Soaps for cleaning are (obtain) by treating vegetable or animal oils and fats with a
strongly alkaline solution.Fats and oils (compose) of triglycerides; three
mocelules of fatty acids to a single molecule of glycerol.The alkaline solution is (often call)
lye.It brings about a chemical reaction which is (know) as
saponificiation.

Task 2 (Page 116)

Facts Consequence
1. If I eat too much, 1. i will send it wo my girlfriend
2. If I have enough time this evening, 2. i will throw you out
3. If I write a poem, 3. we will go without her
4. If i don’t understand something, 4. i will buy you a meat
5. If i get a promotion, 5. i will buy a car
6. If she is late` 6. i will ask you to accompany me
7. If you ask more politely 7. i will watch the match
8. If you don't behave, 8. i will ask the teacher
9. If i have two concert tickets, 9. she will win the competition
10. If she practice a lot, 10. i will get fat
IMPROVE YOUR WRITTEN ENGLISH: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Essential Grammar

First Conditional Sentences

FUNCTION
The first conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. These sentences are based on facts,
and they are used to make statements about the real world, and about particular situations. We often use such
sentences to give warnings. In first conditional sentences, the time is the present or future and the situation
is real. Here is the form of the first conditional sentences:
 If Clause (condition) Main Clause(result)
If + Simple present If it rains
Simple future You will get wet

Examples:
1. If I find her address, I will send her an invitation
2. will send her an invitation if I find her address
3. If l don't see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. in this case don’t use a
comma. In addition, main clause and/or if clause might be negative.

Use
Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if
a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition
actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic- so we think it is
likely to happen. Here are some examples:
 If I find her address, I'll send her an invitation.
(I want to send an invitation to a friend. I just have to find her address. Iam quite
sure, owever, that I will find it.)
 If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.
(Iknow John very well and I know that he earns a lot of money and that he loves
Ferraris. So i think it is very likely that sooner or later he will have the money to buy a
Ferrari.)
.
Students should be able to understand the following circumstances:
1. There is an if-clause and a then-clause in conditional sentence. The then-clause
should be understood as the consequence of the if-clause.
1. Conditional sentences are used to talk about possible situations. That's why it is
sometimes
2. called the real conditional.
3. The structure of conditional type one involves the use of the simple present in the if-
clause and the simple future in the then-clause.
Conditional sentences may coontain verbs in the affirmative as well as the negative form.

In type 1 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause instead of the
future tense to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the
outcome. Study the sentences given belovw
 If am hungry, I will get something to eat.
 If you are hungry, you can eat an apple.

Task 6

1. If Tania (invite) me, I (go)

2. If it (rain), we (cancel) the match

3. If i (get) a promotio , i (buy) a car

4. If sarah (be late), we (go) without hep

5. If you (ask) more politely, I (buy) you a drink

6. If you (not behave), I (throw) you out.

7. If John (win) the first prize, his mother (be) happy.

8. If Rio (get) proper medical care, he (survive).

9. If the drought (continue), plants and animals (perish).

10. If Rian's boss (be) angry, he (fire) him.