Auxiliary Verb

Dalam beberapa referensi grammar bahasa inggris istilah lain dari Auxiliary Verb yang
sering kita temukan mengenai kata Auxiliary Verb (kerja bantu) ini yaitu: Helping verbs,
Anomalous verbs, Pre-verbs, Special verbs, Specialfinite, atau syintatical operators.

Pengertian Auxiliary Verb

Auxiliary Verb (Kata Kerja Bantu) adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk membantu
kata kerja lain dalam membentuk struktur kalimat yang lengkap dan memiliki fungsi tata
bahasa. Atau pengertian Auxiliary Verb bisa juga kita beri definisi kata kerja bantu yang
diletakkan di depan kata kerja pokok untuk membentuk bentuk waktu (tenses), ragam
gramatikal (voice) dan modus (mood).

Macam-macam Auxiliary Verb

Artikel kali ini membahas macam-macam Auxiliary Verb (kata kerja bantu) dalam tata
bahasa Inggris yang saya lengkapi dengan cara penggunaan dan contoh kalimat.
Pembagian macam-macam auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu) dibagi menjadi 3 (tiga)
jenis, yaitu:

1. Primary Auxiliary Verb (kata kerja bantu utama)

Primary Auxiliary Verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk memberikan karakter pada
bentuk waktu (tenses) dan tidak memberikan tambahan makna pada kata kerja utamanya (main
verbs).
Kata yang termasuk ke dalam kata kerja bantu utama (primary auxiliary) adalah: To be : am,
am not, are, are not (aren’t), is, is not (isn’t), was, was not (wasn’t), were, were not (weren’t),
be, being, been.
To be dapat dipakai untuk:

A. To Be
Penggunaan auxiliary verb dari jenis kata to be ada 3 macam. yaitu sebagai berikut:
1. Membentuk tenses.
Contoh kalimat:
- I am going to watch opera tonight. (Aku akan pergi menonton opera nanti malam.)
- hey have been waiting for you for three hours. (Mereka sudah sedang menantimu
selama tiga jam.)
2. Membuat kalimat pasif.
Contoh kalimat:
- My father’s car is being repaired. Mobil ayahku itu sedang diperbaiki.)
- He will be spoken by the boy. (Dia (lk) akan dibicarakan oleh anak laki-laki itu.)
3. Membuat kalimat non-verbal.
Penggunaan to be dalam kalimat non-verbal yaitu terdiri dari kalimat: nominal
sentence, adjectival adverbial sentence, prepositional sentence.
Contoh:
- I am Diana. (Aku adalah Diana.)
- He is in the room. (Dia (lk) berada di dalam kamar.)

B. Do
Ada beberapa macam penggunaan auxiliary verb untuk kata Do: do, do not (don’t), does, does
not (doesn’t), did, did not (didn’t).
Penggunaan Kata “Do” berfungsi sebagai:
 1. Kata kerja biasa.
Jika Do berfungsi sebagai kata kerja maka ia biasanya berarti “mengerjakan”.
Contoh kalimat:
- She did her science assignment last night. Dia (pr) mengerjakan tugas sainsnya
semalam.
- I do my home work everyday. )Aku mengerjakan PR-ku setiap hari.)

2. Kata kerja bantu dalam membentuk kalimat tanya dan kalimat negatif.
Contoh kalimat:
- Did Sally go to work yesterday? (Apakah Sally pergi kerja kemarin?)
- We don’t go out at night. (Kita tidak pergi keluar di malam hari.)

C. Have
Kata yang termasuk primary auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu utama) adalah: have, have not
(haven’t), has, has not (hasn’t), had, had not (hadn’t).
Fungsi auxiliary verb kata “have” digunakan sebagai:
1. Kata kerja biasa.
Kata have disini berarti mempunyai.
Contoh:
- I have a new house. (Aku mempunyai sebuah rumah baru.)
- They had no money last week. (Mereka tidak mempunyai uang minggu lalu.)
2. Kata kerja bantu dalam membentuk tenses.
Penggunaan primary auxiliary verb kata “have” bisa juga berfungsi sebagai Kata kerja
bantu dalam membentuk tenses seperti: present perfect tense, past perfecttense, dan lain
sebagainya.
Contoh kalimat:
- I have bought a new sofa. Aku telah membeli sebuah sofa baru.)
- She has had a blue bicycle last year. (Dia (pr) telah mempunyai sebuah sepeda
berwarna biru tahun lalu.)
Apabila ditambah kata to pada akhir kata have, has, atau had, maka memiliki arti harus
atau terpaksa.
Contoh kalimat:
- I have to buy a new notebook. Aku harus membeli sebuah buku catatan baru.)
- She has to tell me the story. (Dia (pr) harus menceritakan kisahnya kepadaku.)
- You had to take the medicine. (Kamu harus meminum obatnya.)
Dalam bentuk kalimat negatif, maka penggunaan auxiliary verb kata have to atau has
to di awalnya ditambah kata do atau does, lalu ditambah kata not yang disesuaikan
dengan subjeknya.
Contoh kalimat:
- I don’t have to buy a new notebook. (Aku tidak harus membeli senuah buku catatan
baru.)
- She doesn’t have to tell me the story. (Dia (pr) tidak harus menceritakan kisahnya
kepadaku.)
Sedangkan untuk bentuk lampaunya dapat dinyatakan dengan didn’t have to.
Contoh kalimat:
- I didn’t have to buy a new notebook. (Aku tidak harus membeli sebuah buku
catatan baru.)
- She didn’t have to tell me the stroy. (Dia (pr) tidak harus menceritakan kisahnya
kepadaku.)
2. Modal Auxiliary Verb (kata kerja bantu mengandaikan)
Modal Auxiliary Verb (kata kerja bantu mengandaikan) adalah kata kerja yang digunakan
untuk memberikan tambahan makna pada kata kerja utamanya (main verbs), Ia merupakan
salah satu bagian dari macam-macam auxiliary verb selain yang telah saya paparkan diatas.
Yang termasuk ke dalam modal auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu mengandaikan) adalah:
1. Can
2. May
3. Shall
4. Will
5. Must
6. Use to
7. Need
8. Dare

Contoh kalimat auxiliary verb:

- I can read an English books. Aku bisa membaca buku-buku berbahasa Inggris.)
- We mus t see the information about scholarship. (Kita harus melihat informasi
tentang beasiswa.)

Ciri-ciri Modal Auxiliary Verb

Ada tiga ciri-ciri Modal Auxiliary Verb (kata kerja bantu mengandaikan) dalam sebuah
kalimat, adapun ketiga ciri-ciri tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Modal auxiliary verbs selalu diikuti oleh kata kerja dasar tanpa “to” (bare infinitive).
Contoh:
- He can help you wash your car. (Dia (lk) bisa membantumu mencuci mobilmu.)
2. Modal auxiliary verb tidak boleh diikuti atau didahuli oleh kata dasar “to” (to
infinitive).
Contoh kalimat:
- They want to can speak Mandarin. (Mereka ingin bisa bicara bahasa Mandarin.)
Contoh di atas salah, karena kata can tidak boleh didahului oleh kata kerja dasar “to”
(to infinitive).

Apabila kita ingin mengatakan dengan maksud di atas, maka kita menggunakan
ungkapan yang serupa dengan modal (similar expression of modal), yaitu kata can
diganti dengan kata “be able to” (dapat, mampu atau bisa).
Contoh Kalimat:
- They want to be able to speak Mandarin. (Mereka ingin bisa bicara bahasa
Mandarin.)
3. Tidak boleh ada dua modal dalam satu kalimat.
Contoh kalimat:
- He may can visit my house tomorrow. (Dia (lk) boleh bisa mengunjungi rumahku
besok.)
Yang benar :
- He may be able to visit my house tomorrow. (Dia (lk) boleh mengunjungi rumahku
besok.)
4. Modal tidak boleh bertemu dengan Primary auxiliary yang lain kecuali kata have.
Contoh:
- Does he can sleep in the afternoon? (Bisakah dia (lk) tidur di siang hari?).
Yang benar:
 - Can he sleep in the afternoon? (Bisakah dia (lk) tidur di siang hari?)
5. Modal tidak bisa dipakai dalam perfect tense kecuali modal (shall, will, should, atau
would) yang bisa dipakai dalam future tense dan pastfuture tense.
Contoh kalimat:
- They would have done their duties. (Mereka akan sudah mengerjakan
kewajibannya.)
Similar expression of modal merupakan bentuk yang serupa dengan modal tetapi secara
struktur lebih fleksibel dari pada modal auxiliary verb.
Tidak semua modal auxiliary verb di atas bisa diubah menjadi similar expression of
modal dalam kalimat.

3. Emphasize Auxiliary Verb (kata kerja bantu menekankan).

Fungsi auxiliary verb ini yaitu digunakan untuk memberikan tekanan atau kesungguhan pada
suatu tindakan atau peristiwa.
Yang termasuk ke dalam kata kerja bantu menekankan (emphasize auxiliary verbs) adalah: Do,
does dan did berarti benar-benar.
Contoh kalimat:
 You do love Marianne. (Kamu benar-benar mencintai Marianne.)
 He does hisjob perfectly. (Dia (lk) melakukan pekerjaannya dengan sempurna.)
 Do work hard! (Bekerjalah keras dengan sungguh-sungguh!)

Sumber : https://www.intraxenglish.com/auxiliary-verb/
 Auxiliary Verb

In some English grammar references other terms from Auxiliary Verb that we often
find about the words Auxiliary Verb (auxiliary work) are: Helping verbs, Anomalous verbs,
Pre-verbs, Special verbs, Specialfinite, or syintatical operators.

Definition of Auxiliary Verb

Auxiliary Verb (Auxiliary Verbs) are verbs used to help other verbs in forming
complete sentence structures and have grammatical functions. Or we can also give Auxiliary
Verb definitions of auxiliary verbs that are placed in front of the main verbs to form tenses,
grammatical variations and moods.

Various kinds of Auxiliary Verb

This article discusses the various types of Auxiliary Verb (auxiliary verbs) in English
grammar which I complete by way of use and example sentences.
The division of various auxiliary verbs (auxiliary verbs) is divided into 3 (three) types, namely:

1. Primary Auxiliary Verb (main auxiliary verbs)

Primary Auxiliary Verb is a verb used to give characters to tenses and not to add
meaning to the main verb (main verbs).
The words included in the primary auxiliary verbs are: To be: am, am not, are, are not,
is, is not (was), was, was not (wasn ' t), were, were not (weren't), be, being, been.
To be can be used for:

A. To Be
There are 3 kinds of auxiliary verb used for the word to be. namely as follows:
1. Forming tenses.
Example of sentences:
- I am going to watch the opera tonight. (I'll go to the opera tonight.)
- hey have been waiting for you for three hours. (They've been waiting for you for three
hours.)
2. Making passive sentences.
Example of sentences:
- My father's car is being repaired.
- He will be spoken by the boy.
3. Make a non-verbal sentence.
The use of to be in non-verbal sentences is composed of sentences: nominal sentence, adjectival
adverbial sentence, prepositional sentence.
Example:
- I am Diana.
- He is in the room.

B. Do
There are a number of different uses of the auxiliary verb for the words Do: do, do not, does,
doesn't, do, did not.
The use of the word "Do" functions as:

1. Ordinary verbs.
If Do functions as a verb, it usually means "to do".
Example of sentences:
- She did her science assignment last night. He (pr) did his science assignments last night.
- I do my home work everyday. ) I do my homework every day.)

2. Verbs help in forming question and negative sentences.

Example of sentences:
Did Did Sally go to work yesterday? (Did Sally go to work yesterday?)
- We don't go out at night. (We don't go out at night.)

C. Have
Words that include primary auxiliary verb (main assistive verbs) are: have, have not (haven't),
has, has not (hadn), had, had not.
The verb auxiliary function word "have" is used as:

1. Ordinary verbs.
The word have here means to have.
Example:
- I have a new house. (I have a new home.)
- They had no money last week. (They didn't have money last week.)

2. Verbs aid in forming tenses.

The use of primary auxiliary verb the word "have" can also function as an auxiliary verb in
forming tenses such as: present perfect tense, past perfecttense, and so on.
Example of sentences:
- I have bought a new sofa. I have bought a new sofa.)
- She has had a blue bicycle last year. (He (pr) had a blue bicycle last year.)
If you add the word to at the end of the words have, has, or had, it has a meaning that you must
or must.
Example of sentences:
- I have to buy a new notebook. I have to buy a new notebook.)
- She has to tell me the story. (He (pr) must tell me his story.)
- You had to take the medicine. (You have to take the medicine.)
In the form of a negative sentence, the use of the auxiliary verb has to or has to at first be added
to the word do or does, then add the word not to suit the subject.
Example of sentences:
- I don't have to buy a new notebook. (I don't have to buy a new notebook.)
- She doesn't have to tell me the story. (He (pr) doesn't have to tell me his story.)
Whereas the past tense can be stated by didn't have to.
Example of sentences:
- I didn't have to buy a new notebook. (I don't have to buy a new notebook.)
- She didn't have to tell me the stroy. (He (pr) doesn't have to tell me his story.)

2. Auxiliary Verb Capital (auxiliary verb presupposes)

Modal Auxiliary Verb (auxiliary verb presupposes) is a verb used to give additional
meaning to the main verb (main verbs), it is one of the various types of auxiliary verb in
addition to what I have explained above.
Included in the capital auxiliary verb (presupposing verbs) are:
1. Can
 2. May
3. Shall
4. Will
5. Must
6. Use to
7. Need
8. Dare
Example sentences of auxiliary verb:
- I can read an English books. I can read books in English.)
- We don't see the information about scholarship. (We have to see information about
scholarships.)

Characteristics of Verb Auxiliary Capital

There are three characteristics of Modal Auxiliary Verb (auxiliary verbs presuppose) in a
sentence, while the three characteristics are as follows:
1. Modal auxiliary verbs are always followed by basic verbs without "to" (bare infinitive).
Example:
- He can help you wash your car. (He (lk) can help you wash your car.)

2. Capital auxiliary verb may not be followed or preceded by the basic word "to" (to infinitive).
Example of sentences:
- They want to be able to speak Mandarin. (They want to be able to speak Mandarin.)
The above example is wrong, because the word can not be preceded by the basic verb
"to" (to infinitive).
If we want to say with the above intention, then we use an expression similar to capital (similar
expression of capital), that is, the word can be replaced with the word "be able to" (can, able
or can).
Example of sentences:
- They want to be able to speak Mandarin. (They want to be able to speak Mandarin.)

3. There must be no two capital in one sentence.

Example of sentences:
- He may can visit my house tomorrow. (He (lk) may be able to visit my house
tomorrow.)
Correct :
- He may be able to visit my house tomorrow. (He (lk) can visit my house tomorrow.)

4. Capital cannot meet with other Primary auxiliaries except the word have.
Example:
- Does he can sleep in the afternoon? (Can he (lk) sleep during the day?).
Correct:
- Can he sleep in the afternoon? (Can he (lk) sleep during the day?)

5. Capital cannot be used in perfect tense except capital (shall, will, should, or
would) that can be used in future tense and pastfense tense.
Example of sentences:
- They would have done their duties. (They will have done their duty.)

Similar expression of capital is a form similar to capital but structurally more flexible than
capital auxiliary verb.
Not all of the auxiliary verb modal above can be changed to similar expression of modal in the
sentence.

3. Emphasize Auxiliary Verb (auxiliary verbs emphasize).

This auxiliary verb function is used to put pressure or seriousness on an action or event.
Included in the emphasize auxiliary verbs are: Do, does and did mean really.
Example of sentences:
- You do love Marianne. (You really love Marianne.)
- He does hisjob perfectly. (He (lk) does his job perfectly.)
- Do work hard! (Work hard in earnest!)

Sumber : https://www.intraxenglish.com/auxiliary-verb/