NERACA MASSA

Spesifikasi Bahan baku : Propilen

Amonia
Udara

Spesifikasi Produk : Akrilonitril

Air

Komponen Rumus Molekul Titik didih, °C BM

Propilen C3H6 -47.6 42
Amonia NH3 -33.34 17
Oksigen O2 -182.95 32
Nitrogen N2 28
Akrilonitril C3H3N 77.3 53
Air H2O 100 18

● Kapasitas produksi
Jumlah hari kerja = 330 hari/tahun
Kapasitas produksi = 25000 ton/tahun = 3156.57
Konversi akrilonitril = 80% 59.558

● Bahan baku
C3H6 + NH3
M x x
R 0.8x 0.8x
S 0.2x 0.2x

● Umpan Masuk
0,8x= 59.558
x= 74.447 kgmol/jam

● Sehingga Komposisi Umpan Masuk

Udara 78%
O2 16.38 %
N2 61.62 %
C3H6 10%
NH3 12%
100%
 ● Sehingga reaksi menjadi :
C3H6 + NH3
M 74.447 220.714
R 59.558 59.558
S 14.889 161.157

1. Neraca Massa Reaktor

Komponen Masuk Keluar
kgmol/jam kg/jam kgmol/jam kg/jam
C3H6 74.447 3126.787 14.889 625.3573
NH3 220.714 3752.144 161.157 2739.6608
O2 160.052 5121.677 70.716 2262.9002
N2 688.116 19267.260 688.116 19267.2599
C3H3N 0.000 0.000 59.558 3156.56565657
H2O 3.860 69.484 182.5338 3285.60764882
Total 1147.1907 31337.352 1176.9696 31337.3515

2. Separator (SP-01)
Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam)
Hasil atas Hasil bawah
C3H6 625.357 625.357 - 3%
NH3 2739.661 2739.661 - 11%
O2 2262.900 2262.900 - 9%
N2 19267.260 19267.260 - 77%
C3H3N 3156.566 0.000 3156.566 0%
H2O 3285.608 0.000 3285.608 0%
TOTAL 31337.352 31337.352 100%
24895.178 6442.173
79.443% 20.557%

C3H6 : 1751,001 kg/jam

70332,41217 Kg/jam
NH3 : 7671,050 kg/jam
O2 : 6336,121 kg/jam
N2 : 53948,328 kg/jam
C3H3N : 441,919 kg/jam
H2O : 183,994 kg/jam

87744,584 Kg/jam
SEPARATOR
SP-01
70 °C
C3H6 : 1751,001 kg/jam
NH3 : 7671,050 kg/jam
O2 : 6336,121 kg/jam
N2 : 53948,328 kg/jam
C3H3N : 8838,384 kg/jam
 SEPARATOR
SP-01
70 °C
C3H6 : 1751,001 kg/jam
NH3 : 7671,050 kg/jam
O2 : 6336,121 kg/jam
N2 : 53948,328 kg/jam
C3H3N : 8838,384 kg/jam
H2O : 9199,701 kg/jam

C3H3N : 8396,465 kg/jam

17412,172 Kg/jam
H2O : 9015,707 kg/jam

3. Separator (SP-02)
Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam)
Dimurnikan Purging
C3H6 625.357 625.357 0.000
NH3 2739.661 2739.661 0.000
O2 2262.900 - 2262.900
N2 19267.260 - 19267.260
C3H3N 0.000 0.000 0.000
H2O 0.000 0.000 0.000
Alkohol 268.240 268.240 -
TOTAL 25163.418 25163.418

61587,415 Kg/jam

C3H6 : 175,100 kg/jam

Alkohol
NH3 : 767,105 kg/jam 1022,8026 kg/jam
O2 : 6336,121 kg/jam
N2 : 53948,328 kg/jam
C3H3N : 44,192 kg/jam
H2O : 18,399 kg/jam

Absorber
ABS-01

73314,1160027953 Kg/jam

C3H6 : 1751,001 kg/jam C3H6 : 1575,901 kg/jam

NH3 : 7671,050 kg/jam NH3 : 6903,945 kg/jam
O2 : 6336,121 kg/jam C3H3N : 397,727 kg/jam
N2 : 53948,328 kg/jam H2O : 165,595 kg/jam
CHN : 441,919 kg/jam Alkohol : 1022,80 kg/jam
 C3H6 : 1751,001 kg/jam C3H6 : 1575,901 kg/jam
NH3 : 7671,050 kg/jam NH3 : 6903,945 kg/jam
O2 : 6336,121 kg/jam C3H3N : 397,727 kg/jam
N2 : 53948,328 kg/jam H2O : 165,595 kg/jam
C3H3N : 441,919 kg/jam Alkohol : 1022,80 kg/jam
H2O : 183,994 kg/jam

MENARA DISTILASI
Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam)
Hasil Atas Hasil Bawah
C3H3N 3156.566 3125.000 31.566
H2O 3285.608 32.856 3252.752
TOTAL 6442.173 3157.856 3284.317
6442.173

KONDENSER (CD-02)
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (Kg/jam) 0.4417836823
C3H3N 3125.000 3125.000
H2O 32.856 32.856
TOTAL 7073.598 7073.598

T = 44 oC
P= 1 atm
C3H3N : 8312,500 kg/jam C3H3N : 8312,500 kg/jam
H2O : 90,157kg/jam H2O : 90,157kg/jam
KONDENSOR
CD-02

MENARA
DISTILASI
C3H3N : 8396,465 kg/jam
H2O : 9015,707kg/jam
 MENARA
DISTILASI
C3H3N : 8396,465 kg/jam
H2O : 9015,707kg/jam

T = 107 oC C3H3N : 83,965kg/jam

P= 1,32 atm
H2O : 9009,515 kg/jam

NERACA MASSA TOTAL

Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
C3H6 2501.429 0.000
NH3 1012.483 0.000
O2 5121.677 2262.900
N2 19267.260 19267.260
C3H3N - 3156.566
H2O 69.484 3285.608
Alkohol 268.240 268.240
TOTAL 28240.574 28240.574
= 99.00%
= 99%
= 21%O2 dan 79%N2

= 99.00%
= 1.00%

kg/jam
kgmol/jam

1.5 O2 → C3H3N +
x -
0.8x 59.558
0.2x 59.558

Massa Mol
C3H6 3126.7867352773 kg/jam 74.44730322 kgmol/jam
NH3 3752.144 kg/jam 220.714 kgmol/jam
O2 5121.677 kg/jam 160.052396 kgmol/jam
N2 19267.260 kg/jam 688.116 kgmol/jam
C3H3N
H2O 69.484 kg/jam 3.860 kgmol/jam
31.584
 37.900

1.5 O2 → C3H3N +
160.052 -
89.337 59.558
70.716 59.558

KONDENSER (CD-01)
% masuk % keluar Komponen Masuk (kg/jam)
10% 2% C3H6 625.357
12% 9% NH3 2739.661
16% 7% O2 2262.900
61% 61% N2 19267.260
0% 10% H2O 3156.566
0% 10% C3H3N 3285.608
100% 100% TOTAL 31337.352

kemurnian produk 99.00%

C3H6 = 1.996%
NH3 = 8.742%
O2 = 7.221%
N2 = 61.483%
C3H3N = 10.073%
H2O = 10.485%
100.000%
Maka komposisi yang didapat yaitu
X gas = 79.443%
x liquid = 20.557%
100.000%
Neraca Massa Total

F liquid = 69706.49895 kg/jam

F umpan = 87744.58421 kg/jam
F gas = 18038.08526 kg/jam

Umpan Keluar berupa gas

Presentase kg/jam
C3H6 (gas) = 2.512% 625.3573470555
NH3 (gas) = 11.005% 2739.6607585287
O2(gas) = 9.090% 2262.9002287021
N2(gas) = 77.394% 19267.2598627787
 C3H3N = 0.000% 0
H2O = 0.000% 0
100.000% 24895.178197065
Umpan keluar berupa cairan
Presentase kg/jam
X C3H3N = 49.00% 3156.5656565657
X H2O = 51.00% 3285.6076488152
100.00% 6442.1733053809

4. Stripper
Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam)
Recycle Purging
C3H6 625.357 625.357
NH3 2739.661 2739.661
Alkohol 268.240 268.240
TOTAL 3633.258 3365.018 268.240
3633.258

C3H6 : 1418,310 kg/jam

NH3 : 6213,551 kg/jam

STRIPPER
ST-01

UPL
C3H6 : 157,590 kg/jam
NH3 : 690,395 kg/jam
C3H3N : 1590,909 kg/jam
H2O : 1655,946kg/jam
Alkohol : 1022,80 kg/jam
UPL
C3H6 : 157,590 kg/jam
NH3 : 690,395 kg/jam
C3H3N : 1590,909 kg/jam
H2O : 1655,946kg/jam
Alkohol : 1022,80 kg/jam
3 H2O
-
59.558
59.558
 3 H2O
3.860
178.674
182.534

Keluar (Kg/jam)
625.357
2739.661
2262.900
19267.260
3156.566
3285.608
31337.352
 REAKTOR
Fungsi : Untuk mereaksikan propilen, amonia, dan udara untuk menjadi produk akril
Data Reaksi :
Suhu = 400 C =
Tekanan = 19.404 psi =
Konversi = 80 =

Katalis Alumunium Oxide

Bentuk = bubuk putih
Diameter = 10 mm
Densitas = 3.986 gr/cm3
Porositas = 0.06

Komponen BM (kg/kgmol) Masuk (kg/jam)

C3H6 42 3,126.79
NH3 17 3,752.14
O2 32 5,121.68
N2 28 19,267.26
H2O 18 69.48
C3H3N 53 -
TOTAL 31,337.35

1. Menentukan Yi
BMi Massa
Komponen
(kg/kmol) (kg/jam)
C3H6 42 3,126.787
NH3 17 3,752.144
O2 32 5,121.677
N2 28 19,267.260
TOTAL 31,267.867

2. Menentukan Z umpan masuk reaktor

Komponen BM Yi
C3H6 42 0.065
NH3 17 0.193
O2 32 0.140
N2 28 0.602
TOTAL 1.000

Tc umpan = 123.768 K
Pc umpan = 52.272 atm
 Tr = T/Tc 5.438
Pr = P/Pc 0.025
Pr/Tr = 0.0046

Dari harga Tr = 1.8543 dan Pr = 0.0244 berdasarkan Fig. 3.15 (Smith van Ness), untuk menentukan Z menggunakan k
persamaan 3.61 sampai 3.66

Komponen Yi Tr
C3H6 0.0651 1.8438
NH3 0.1930 1.6593
O2 0.1400 4.3532
N2 0.6019 5.3328
TOTAL 1.0000 13.1891

Z umpan masuk reaktor = 1.0001

BM campuran = 27.3481 kg/kmol

3. Menentukan volume gas masuk reaktor

Dimana :
Vg = Laju alir volumetrik,cm3/dtk
n =mol umpan,mol/dtk
R = Konstanta gas,cm3.atm/gmol.K
T = temperatur,K
P = Tekanan,atm

Z= 1.0001
n= 317.5918 mol/detik
T= 673 K
P= 1.32 atm
R= 82.05 cm3.atm/gmol.K

4. Menentukan densitas umpan

 r= 0.0006537 gr/cm3 =

5. Menentukan viskositas umpan

(Chemical properties handbook,Mc Graw-hill Carl L.yaws)

T
T2
673 K
452929 K
 gas = A  B
Komponen A B
C3H6 -7.23 3.4180E-01
NH3 -7.874 3.6700E-01
O2 44.224 5.6200E-01
N2 42.606 4.7500E-01

Komponen yi Ƞ gas
mikropoise
C3H6 0.065 179.992
NH3 0.193 237.092
O2 0.140 371.269
N2 0.602 317.532
TOTAL 1.000 1105.885

yi.μgas yi.μgas
Komponen
(kg/s.m) (kg/jam.m)
C3H6 0.0000012 0.004219
NH3 0.0000046 0.016477
O2 0.0000052 0.018710
N2 0.0000191 0.068799
TOTAL 0.0000301 0.108205

μgas = 0.000030
0.00030

6. Menghitung konduktivitas umpan

(Chemical properties handbook,Mc Graw-hill Carl L.yaws)

kgas = A+BT+CT2

T 673 K
T 2
452929 K

Komponen A B
 C3H6 -0.01116 7.5155E-05
NH3 0.00457 2.3239E-05
O2 0.00121 8.6157E-05
N2 0.00309 7.5930E-05

kgas
Komponen yi
W/m.K
C3H6 0.065 0.069
NH3 0.193 0.087
O2 0.140 0.053
N2 0.602 0.049
TOTAL 1.000 0.259

k campuran = 0.058 W/m.K

= 0.2103 kJ/jam.m.K
= 0.0502 kkal/jam.m.K
= 0.0001 kal/dtk.cm.K

7. Menentukan kapasitas panas gas umpan

(Chemical properties handbook,Mc Graw-hill Carl L.yaws)

Cp = A+BT+CT2+DT3+ET4
T ref = 25 C 298 K
T= 673 K

Komponen A B
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02
O2 29.526 -8.8999E-03
N2 29.342 -3.5395E-03
DELTA 28.403 9.521400E-03

BM
Komponen yi
(kg/kmol)
C3H6 0.065 42
NH3 0.193 17
O2 0.140 32
N2 0.602 28
TOTAL 1.000

Fi Fi.Cpi
Komponen
(kg/jam) Kjoule/jam.K
C3H6 3127 565.4338
 NH3 3752.1 2015.4543
O2 5121.677 731.6924
N2 19267.260 12533.0802
TOTAL 31268 15845.661

Cp campuran = 39.5118 Kjoule/kmol.K

= 15845.6607 Kjoule/jam.K
= 1.5113 kjoule/kg.K

8. Menentukan ∆HR
(Chemical properties handbook,Mc Graw-hill Carl L.yaws)

T umpan = 673 K
CCpp = A B=T CAT 2 DT 3BT ET 4  CT 2  DT 3  ET 4
T ref 298 K

Komponen A B
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02
O2 29.526 -8.8999E-03
N2 29.342 -3.5395E-03
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03

Komponen ΔHf (kj/mol ) ΔHf (kJ/kmol )

C3H6 53.30 53300
NH3 -46.00 -46000
O2 0.00 0
N2 0.00 0
C3H3N 184.93 184930
H2O -241.80 -241800
TOTAL -49.57 -49570

C3 H6  NH3  1,5O2  C3 H3 N 

∆HR 298 = ΔHf produk - ΔHf reaktan

= -547770 Kj/kmol

∆Hr = 66034.4751 Kj/kmol

∆Hp = 104622.1464 Kj/kmol

∆HR = -509182.3288 Kj/kmol

 = -121616.162495351 kkal/kmol

9. Katalisator
Katalis = Alumunium Oxide
Bentuk = crushed silica
Diameter = 10 mm
Densitas = 3.986 gr/cm3
Porositas = 0.06

10. Menentukan ukuran tube

Diameter reaktor dipilih berdasarkan pertimbangan agar perpindahan panas berjalan dengan baik. Pengaruh rasio D
dalam pipa yang berisi butir-butir katalisator di bandingkan dengan pipa kosong (hw/h) telah diteliti oleh Colburn's, y

Dp/Dt 0.05 0.10

hw/h 5.50 7.00
….. (Smith, Chem Kinetik Eng, P.571)

dipilih Dp/Dt = 0.15

dimana :
hw : koefisien perpindahan panas dalam pipa berisi katalis
h : koefisien perpindahan panas dalam pipa kosong
Dp : diameter katalisator
Dt : diameter tube

jenis Al2O3
ukuran D= 10
1
density 3.986
bulk density 0.18

Bila dinyatakan dalam diameter bola secara ekivalen yang mempunyai volume yang sama dengan silinder (partikel),

VV ==43 43r3r 3
VS = 0.52333 cm3
Dp = 1 cm
Dp/Dt = 0.15
Dt = 6.666667 cm =

Dari hasil perhitungan, maka dipilih ukuran pipa standart :

Ukuran pipa (IPS) 3.00 in
OD 3.5 in
ID 2.469 in
Flow area per pipe 3.068 in2
Schedule number 40
Surface per lin f 0.917 f2/f
(Kern, hal. 844)

Aliran dalam pipa adalah aliran transisi, maka Nre = 2500

Gt : kecepatan massa per satuan luas

NRe = 2500
µ = 0.000301 g/cm.dtk
Dt = 6.2713 cm
G (umpan total) = 31337.3515 kg/jam
= 8704.8199 gr/dtk

= 0.1198 gr/cm2.dtk =

At : luas penampang total

= 72648.8815 cm2 =

Ao : luas penampang pipa

= 30.8730 cm2 =

Nt (jumlah pipa) max :

= 2353.1503 buah

ρs = 3.9860 g/cm3
P = 1 atm
BM = 27.3481 g/gmol
R = 82.05 cm3 atm/gmol K
T udara = 303 K
ρg = 0.0006537 g/cm3

ρ udara = =
Katalis Al2O3 :
bentuk = crushed silica
Re = 2500
Fd = 3 (fig.69 brown P.76)

V max 4  ρ b - ρ g  g .Dp =
=
3 .ρ g . f D
= 13317238.5013 cm3/s

= 38522.8965 cm2

= 1247.7847 buah

Jadi, jumlah tube antara = 1247,7847-2353,1503

Di ambil Nt = 2353 buah

11. Menentukan diameter Reaktor (IDs)

pipa (tube) disusun dengan pola 'triangular pitch' agar turbulensi yang terjadi pada aliran fluida dalam shell
menjadi besar, sehingga akan memperbesar koefisien perpindahan panas konveksi (ho)

C
PT
60o

60o 60o
A D B

C'

Susunan tube = triangular

Pitch tube (PT) = 1.25 x ODt =
Clearance (C') = PT - Odt =

untuk menghitung diameter shell, dicari luas penampang shell total (A total)
luas shell = Luas segitiga
Jadi : 2
4  Nt  PT  0 . 86
IDs =

= 566.1700 cm
= 222.9016 in

12. Menentukan Cp pendingin

Jenis =Downterm A
T 200 - 750 F (366.3 - 671.89 K)
BM 165
Cp =0.1152 + 0.0003402 T.cal/gr.K
Densitas (ρ) = 1.3644 - 9.7073.10^-4 T.g/cm3
Viskositas (μ) = 35.5898 - 6.04212 T(g/cm.J)
Kond. thermal (k) = 1.512 - 0.0010387 T.cal/g.cm.K

Pendingin : Downtherm A
K C
T in 373 100
T out 550 277
delta T 177 177

1 cal = 4.186 Joule

1 Btu = 252 cal
1 lb = 454 gr

Cpp = 0,11152+0,0003402T
Cpp = 0.2384 Cal/gr K
0.4295 BTU/lb K
0.0009 BTU /gr K
0.9980 J/gr K

13. Menghitung densitas pendingin pada T in

rrp=1.364p(9.7=0 3x1104T.in3644
) (9.7073x104 Tin)
rho p = 1.0043 gr/cm3

14. Menghitung konduktivitas thermal pendingin pada T in

KKpp=1.51=20..151201038x7Tin .00010387xTin
Kp = 1.1246 cal/cm jam K
 = 0.4708 kJ/m.jam.K
= 1.1604 Btu/f.jam.F

15. Menghitung viskositas pendingin pada T in

p =35p. 89=03. 4521 .x589Tin 8  .0 04212 x Tin

μp = 19.8790 gr/cm jam
= 0.0055 gr/cm det
= 1.9879 kg/m.jam
= 1.3358 lb/f.jam

16. Menentukan pendingin yang di butuhkan

Pendingin yang dipakai adalah downthem A :
suhu steam masuk 100
suhu steam keluar 277
T
T Cp downtherm 0.2384
Qh -9053995.32585222
Pendingin yang dibutuhkan (Wp) = 214552783.115073
= 214552.7831

17. Menghitung koefisien perpindahan panas overall (Ud)

a. tube side
Cp = 39.5118 kj/kmol K
µ= 0.00030 g/cm s
k= 0.0584 W/m k

= 0.7778

Gt = 0.11982 g/cm2.dtk
Dt = 6.2713 cm

Re = G T Dt = 2500


 k 
. Pr =
hi = 1/ 3 0.6069
jH. 
 IDt

hio = hi x (ID/OD) =

b. Shell side
Didalam shell digunakan pendingin, dengan spesifikasi sbb :
sifat fisis pendingin → liquid

T= 373 K
 µs = 19.8790 gr/cm jam
= 0.00552 gr/cm det
1.3358 lb/f.jam

CPs :
T= 373 K
CPs = 0.2384 Cal/gr K
= 109.9291 btu/lb.F
= 0.9980 J/gr K

Ks :
T= 373 K
Ks = 1.1604 Btu/f.jam.F

Jadi :
Cps = 109.9291 Btu/lb.F
μs = 1.3358 lb/f.jam
ks = 1.1604 Btu/f.jam.F

Menghitung bilangan Reynold di shell (Res)

IDs = diameter dalam shell =
B = baffle spacing (0.25*IDs) …kern,1965 =
PT = pitch tube =
C' = jarak antar tube (clearance) =
Ws = laju aliran pendingin =

as = flow area pada shell, f2

as = 17.25177516 in2

Gs = mass velocity fluida dalam shell, lb/f2.h

Gs = 3948208.4390 lb/f2.h

Diameter Equivalen (De) ……………….. (kern, 1983) P.139

= 2.5330

= 623877.9596 → dari fig.28 Kern, P.838 didapat jH =

 = 8004.2236

c. Clean overall coefficient (Uc)

= 0.7541 Btu/jam.f2.F

18. Menentukan Rd (Dirty Factor)

Kern, halaman 107

Dari Tabel di dapat :

Rd shell = 0.0015
Rd tube = 0.001

Rd = Rd shell + Rd tube
= 0.0025

= 0.7527 Btu/jam.f2.F
= 3.6747 kkal/jam.m2.K
= 15.3851 kj/jam.m2.K

19. Menghitung panjang reaktor

Persamaan yang digunakan :

Persamaan neraca massa pada elemen volume

di mana

Persamaan neraca panas pada elemen volume

Persamaan neraca panas pendingin

Persamaan pressure drop

Persamaan diatas diselesaikan dengan cara euler

Kondisi masuk reaktor :

konversi awal Xo =
posisi awal katalis Zo =
suhu masuk pipa To =
tekanan masuk pipa Po =
aliran massa propilen masuk pipa FAo =
aliran massa masuk pipa total FTo =
suhu pendingin masuk shell Ts =
aliran massa pendingin masuk shell Ws =
Diameter dalam tube IDt =
Diameter luar tube ODt =
Jumlah tube Nt =
Koef. perpindahan panas overall Ud =
Diameter katalis Dp =
Porositas katalis dalam tube ε =
panas pembentukan standar ΔH298 =
konstanta kecepatan reaksi ko =
Energi aktivasi Ea =
Kecepatan massa per satuan luas Gt =
Konstanta gravitasi g =
cp s =

Mol
Komponen yi
(kmol/jam)
C3H6 74.4473032209 0.065
NH3 220.714 0.193
O2 160.052 0.140
N2 688.116 0.602
TOTAL 1.000

∆z 0.1000
z (m) x T (K)
0 0 673
0.1000 0.0261 672.809
0.2000 0.0515 672.6377485223
0.3000 0.0763 672.4840878384
0.4000 0.1004 672.3454513222
0.5000 0.1239 672.2199662321
0.6000 0.1468 672.1060831023
0.7000 0.1691 672.0024993026
0.8000 0.1908 671.9081055882
0.9000 0.2120 671.821947427
1.0000 0.2326 671.7431962234
1.1000 0.2527 671.6711273975
1.2000 0.2722 671.6051033507
1.3000 0.2912 671.5445599984
1.4000 0.3098 671.4889959647
1.5000 0.3278 671.4379637969
1.6000 0.3454 671.3910627415
1.7000 0.3626 671.3479327403
1.8000 0.3793 671.3082493975
1.9000 0.3955 671.2717197231
2.0000 0.4113 671.2380785074
2.1000 0.4268 671.2070852123
2.2000 0.4418 671.1785212888
2.3000 0.4564 671.152187849
2.4000 0.4706 671.1279036368
2.5000 0.4845 671.1055032496
2.6000 0.4980 671.0848355731
2.7000 0.5112 671.0657623997
2.8000 0.5240 671.0481572032
2.9000 0.5365 671.0319040486
3.0000 0.5486 671.0168966204
3.1000 0.5605 671.0030373527
3.2000 0.5720 670.9902366489
3.3000 0.5832 670.9784121808
3.4000 0.5942 670.967488256
3.5000 0.6048 670.957395248
3.6000 0.6152 670.9480690794
3.7000 0.6253 670.939450755
3.8000 0.6351 670.9314859368
3.9000 0.6447 670.9241245583
4.0000 0.6541 670.9173204737
4.1000 0.6632 670.9110311379
4.2000 0.6720 670.9052173143
4.3000 0.6806 670.8998428083
4.4000 0.6890 670.894874224
4.5000 0.6972 670.8902807407
4.6000 0.7052 670.8860339088
4.7000 0.7129 670.8821074625
4.8000 0.7205 670.8784771483
4.9000 0.7278 670.8751205672
5.0000 0.7350 670.8720170301
5.1000 0.7419 670.8691474247
5.2000 0.7487 670.8664940933
5.3000 0.7554 670.8640407201
 5.4000 0.7618 670.8617722279
5.5000 0.7681 670.8596746827
5.6000 0.7742 670.8577352062
5.7000 0.7801 670.8559418942
5.8000 0.7859 670.854283743
5.9000 0.7915 670.8527505799
6.0000 0.7970 670.8513330005
6.1000 0.8024 670.8500223096
6.2000 0.8076 670.8488104676
6.3000 0.8127 670.8476900411
6.4000 0.8176 670.8466541561
6.5000 0.8224 670.8456964563
6.6000 0.8271 670.8448110639
6.7000 0.8317 670.8439925429
6.8000 0.8361 670.8432358663
6.9000 0.8404 670.8425363849
7.0000 0.8446 670.841889799
7.1000 0.8487 670.8412921319
7.2000 0.8527 670.8407397057
7.3000 0.8566 670.8402291186
7.4000 0.8604 670.8397572244
7.5000 0.8641 670.8393211131
7.6000 0.8677 670.838918093
7.7000 0.8712 670.8385456746
7.8000 0.8746 670.8382015553
7.9000 0.8779 670.8378836053
8.0000 0.8811 670.8375898546
8.1000 0.8843 670.837318481
8.2000 0.8873 670.837067799

Resume :
konversi (X) = 0.80239
suhu gas masuk (Tin) = 673 K
suhu gas keluar (Tout) = 670.850 K
Z (panjang pipa tube) = 6.100 m
tekanan masuk (P in) = 1.32 atm
tekanan keluar (P out) = 1.33 atm
diameter shell (IDS) = 566.1700 cm
suhu pendingin masuk (Ts in) = 373 K
suhu pendingin keluar (Ts out) = 668.9591 K

20. Mechanical Design

1. Tube
IPS = 3.00
OD = 3.50
 Sc. Number = 40
ID = 2.469
Flow area per pipe = 3.068
Surface per lin f :
Outside = 0.917
Inside = 0.804
Weight per lin f = 7.5800
Panjang pipa = 240.1576
Susunan pipa = Triangular pitch
Jumlah pipa = 2353
Pitch ( jrk antara 2 pusat pipa ) = 4.375
Clearance ( jrk antara 2 pipa ) = 0.88

Cek SC yang dipilih :

untuk Sc number 40 IDt =
ODt =
Pr ketebalan =
TebalTube = C
f  E  0 ,6 P Tebal tube =

Dari tabel 13.1, P.251, Brownell, 1959. diperoleh :

Tekanan yang diijinkan ( f ) = 12650
Efficiency pengelasan ( E ) = 0.85
Faktor korosi ( c ) = 0.125

2. Shell
a) Tekanan design ( max over design 20% )
tekanan operasi = 1.32
= 19.40
= 1.3375 di ambil over design
tekanan desain = 23.2848 (page 208)
= 8.5848

b) Bahan konstruksi shell

Dipilih material Carbon Steel SA 283 Grade C (Brownell, P.253)
pertimbangan : reaktor tidak berisi larutan maupun gas yang beracun
suhu operasi antara -20 s/d 650°F
F C
20 -6.6666666667
650 343.3333333333

c) Tebal dinding shell

Tebal dinding shell dihitung dengan persamaan :

Pxr
ts = c
fxE  0.6P
 Pxr
ts = c ….. (Eq 13.1, P.254, Brownell, 1959)

fxE  0.6P Dimana :

Ts = tebal dinding shell (in)
P = tekanan design (psi)
r = ( IDs/2 ) = radius dalam shell (in)
E = efisiensi sambungan
f = allowable working stress (psi)
c = faktor korosi (in)

Dari tabel 13.1, P.251, Brownell, 1959. diperoleh :

Tekanan yang diijinkan ( f ) = 12650 psi
Efficiency pengelasan ( E ) = 0.85 (double welded butt joint, tabel 13.2, P.254)
Faktor korosi ( c ) = 0.125 in
Dengan IDs = 222.9016 in

Tebal shell (ts) = 0.3667 in

Dipilih tebal dinding standar = 1 in

ODs = IDs + 2 (tebal shell) =

dari tabel 5.7, P.90, Brownell,1959 dipilih OD standar = 228

3. Head Reaktor
a. bentuk head : elipstical di gunakan untuk tekanan operasi hingga 15 bar dan harganya cukup ekonom
digunakan untuk vessel dengan tekanan antara 15 – 200 psig, Brownell and Y

b. Bahan konstruksi head

Dipilih material Carbon Steel SA 283 Grade C
pertimbangan : reaktor tidak berisi larutan maupun gas yang beracun
suhu operasi antara -20 s/d 650°F

c. tebal Head (tH)

untuk elipstical dished head,
Tebal head dihitung dengan persamaan 13.10 (Brownell and Young, 1959)

di mana :
P.IDs P = Tekanan Perancangan, Psi
tH = c f = Tekanan maksimum yang diijinkan pada bahan, Psi
2. f . E  0,2 P
C = Joint efficiency, in
E = Corrosion Allowance, in

Dipilih material Carbon Steel SA 283 Grade C, dari tabel 13.1, P.251, Brownell diperoleh :
Tekanan yang diijinkan ( f ) = 12650 psi
Efficiency pengelasan ( E ) = 0.85
Faktor korosi ( c ) = 0.125 in

Tebal head reaktor (tH) = 0.1389 in

Dipilih tebal head standart = 1 in =

c.Tinggi Head (hH)

dari tabel 5.7 Brownell hal.90
ODs = 228 in
ts = 1.0000 in
didapat :
icr = 9.750 in =
r = 180 in
a = IDs/2 =
AB = a - icr =
BC = r - icr =
AC = (BC2 - AB2)1/2 =
b = r - AC =

Dari tabel 5.6 Brownell hal.88 dengan th 1 in didapat sf = 1.5 - 1 ½ - 4 in

perancangan digunakan sf = 4

hH = th + b + sf
= 48.4642 in
= 4.0387 f
= 1.2310 m

4. Tinggi Reaktor (HR)

HR = Panjang tube + top tinggi head
= 288.6219 in
= 24.0518 f
= 7.33 m
5. Volume Reaktor (VR)
a.Volume head (VH) = 0.000049 x IDs3 …..(Eq 5.11, P.88, Brownell, 1959)
= 542.6696 in3
= 0.0088927811 m3

b.Volume shell (VS) = π/4 .  IDs  .Z

2

= 9366817.3628 in3
= 153.4950 m3

c.Volume Reaktor (VR) Volume

= shell + ( Volume top head)
= 153.50 m3

6. Diameter Reaktor

V
r 2
=
 .t
= 6.67 m2
= 3.33 m

D reaktor = rx 2
= 6.67 m

7. Spesifikasi Nozzle
dipilih jenis pipa : Carbon Steel (karena harganya lebih murah dan komponen yang melewati pipa tidak bersifat koro
a. Diameter saluran gas umpan

D opt = 293 G 0 ,53 ρ - 0 ,37 ….. (Coulson and Richardson vol.6, 1983, P.221, Eq 5.14)

di mana :
G = kec. umpan masuk =
ρ = densitas gas umpan mix =
Sehingga :
D opt = diameter optimum =
=

dari apendix K, , P.390, brownell, 1959, dipilih ukuran standart :

ID = 41.250 in
OD = 41.000 in

Komposisi keluar reaktor (gas)

Komponen kmol/jam yi
C3H6 14.8895 0.0127
NH3 161.1565 0.1375
O2 70.7156 0.0603
 N2 688.1164 0.5870
C3H3N 61.9926 0.0529
H20 175.3648 0.1496
TOTAL 1172.2354 1.0000

Densitas gas out mix (ρ) = =

( T = 647.5191 K dan P = 1,33 atm )

D opt = 293 G 0 ,53 ρ - 0 ,37 …..(Coulson and Richardson vol.6, 1983, P.221, Eq 5.14)
di mana :
G = kec. umpan out =
ρ = densitas gas out mix =
Sehingga :
D opt = diameter optimum =
=

dari apendix K, , P.390, brownell, 1959, dipilih ukuran standart :

ID = 41.250 in
OD = 41.000 in

c. Diameter pendingin masuk

( .9 7073x104(Ti9n.)7073x104 Tin)
rrp=p.1 3644=1.3644 rho p = 1.0043 gr/cm3
= 1004.31771 kg/m3

D opt = 293 G 0 ,53 ρ - 0 ,37

…..(Coulson and Richardson vol.6, 1983, P.221, Eq 5.14)
D opt = 293 G 0 ,53
ρ - 0 ,37
di mana :
G = kec. Aliran pendingin =
ρ = densitas pendingin =
Sehingga :
D opt = diameter optimum =
=

dari Tabel.11, P.844, Ker 1980, dipilih ukuran standart (Sch 40) :
ID = 7.981 in
OD = 8.625 in

d. Diameter pendingin keluar

 4
rr pp=1=.3644(9.7073
1.3644 (9x.107073Tinx) 104 Tin)
T pendingin out = 668.9591 K
rho p = 0.7150 gr/cm3
= 715.0213 kg/m3

…..(Coulson and Richardson vol.6, 1983, P.221, Eq 5.14)

di mana :
G =kec. Aliran pendingin =
ρ = densitas pendingin =
Sehingga :
D opt = diameter optimum =
=
Dari Tabel.11, P.844, Kern 1980, dipilih ukuran standart (Sch 20) :
ID = 10.02 in
OD = 10.75 in

Fungsi Untuk mereaksikan propilen, amonia, dan udara

Konversi 80%
Suhu reaksi 400 0C
Tekanan 1,32 atm
Jenis reaktor Fixed Bed
Jumlah tube 2353
Diameter luar tube 3.500 in
Diameter dalam tube 2.469 in
Diameter luar shell 228 in
Diameter dalam shell 222.9016 in
Panjang bed 6.10 m
Volume reaktor 153.50 m3
Tebal dinding shell 0.3667 in
Tebal head 0.1389 in
Jenis katalisator Al2O3
Bentuk katalisator Partikel Padatan
Diameter Katalisator 10 mm
Densitas 3.986 gram/cm3
Jumlah 1 unit
Harga ?
 REAKTOR
udara untuk menjadi produk akrilonitril

673 K
1.32 atm
0.8

= 3986 kg/m3

Keluar (Kg/jam) kmol output

625.36 14.89
2,739.66 161.16
2,262.90 70.72
19,267.26 688.12
3,156.57 175.36
3,285.61 61.99
31,337.35 1,172.24

Mol
yi yi.BMi
(kmol/jam)
74.447 0.065 2.735
220.714 0.193 3.282
160.052 0.140 4.480
688.116 0.602 16.852
1,143.330 1.000 27.348

Pc (bar) Pc (atm) Tc (K) w Yi.BM Yi.Pc

46.204 45.6 365 0.134 2.735 3.009
112.775 111.3 405.6 0.252 3.282 21.771
50.46 49.8 154.6 0.022 4.480 7.064
33.944 33.5 126.2 0.040 16.852 20.429
243.383 240.2 1051.4 0.448 27.348 52.272
uk menentukan Z menggunakan koefisien virial dengan menggunakan

Pr Bo B1 BPc/RTc Pr/Tr Z
0.0289 -0.0755 0.1258 -0.0587 0.0157 0.9991
0.0119 -0.1047 0.1185 -0.0748 0.0071 0.9995
0.0265 0.0429 0.1386 0.0459 0.0061 1.0003
0.0394 0.0540 0.1388 0.0596 0.0074 1.0004
0.1067 -0.0833 0.5218 -0.0280 0.0363 3.9993

etrik,cm3/dtk
/dtk
m3.atm/gmol.K

Vg = 13,287,710.3 cm3/dtk
= 13.2877 m3/dtk
 41.1656 lb/f3

 gas = A  BT  CT 2
C
-9.4516E-05
-4.4700E-06
-1.1300E-04
-9.8800E-05

μgas μgas μgas

(kg/s.m) (kg/jam.m) lb/ft.jam
0.000018 0.064797 0.000016
0.000024 0.085353 0.000021
0.000037 0.133657 0.000032
0.000032 0.114311 0.000028
0.000111 0.398119 0.000096

yi.μgas Ƞ gas
lb/ft.jam mikropoise
0.004219 11.7201
0.016477 45.7695
0.018710 51.9732
0.068799 191.1072
0.108205 300.5700

kg/s.m
gr/cm.s

C
 6.5558E-08
1.4810E-07
-1.3346E-08
-1.1014E-08

yi.kgas
W/m.K
0.005
0.017
0.007
0.030
0.058

1kj = 0.238846 kkal

T2 = 452929 K
T3 = 304821217 K
T =
4
205144679041 K

C D E
2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11
8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11
3.8083E-05 -3.2629E-08 8.8607E-12
1.0076E-05 -4.3116E-09 2.5935E-13
1.0726E-04 -1.0895E-07 3.1855E-11

Cp Cp Cp Cpi = yi.Cp
joule/mol.K kjoule/kmol.K kjoule/kg.K kjoule/kg.K
116.6422 116.6422 2.7772 0.1808
47.3024 47.3024 2.7825 0.5371
32.6570 32.6570 1.0205 0.1429
30.2626 30.2626 1.0808 0.6505
226.8642 226.8642 7.6610 1.5113

Cp.yi
Kjoule/kmol.K
7.5951
 9.1315
4.5716
18.2136
39.5118

 BT  CT 2  DT 3  ET 4 TRTR TR
  BT 2 CTBT3 2DT 4CTET3 5  DT 4 ET 5 
TR

TrefTrefcpcp.dT.dT=  AT=  AT2  3 2 4 3 5  4  5 

Tref Tref

C D E
2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11
8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11
3.8083E-05 -3.2629E-08 8.8607E-12
1.0076E-05 -4.3116E-09 2.5935E-13
1.0072E-04 1.8747E-08 9.1114E-13
2.9906E-05 1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12

ΔH(J/mol ) ΔH(kJ/kmol )
33096.516 33096.5156
15512.624 15512.6238
11616.890 11616.8905
11088.165 11088.1647
50586.980 50586.9803
18011.722 18011.7220
139912.8969 139912.8969

 C3 H3 N  3H2O

1 KJ/kcal = 0.238846 kcal/kmol

Reaksi Eksotermis
 = 3986 kg/m3

an dengan baik. Pengaruh rasio Dp/Dt terhadap koefisien perpindahan

w/h) telah diteliti oleh Colburn's, yaitu:

0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

7.80 7.50 7.00 6.60
mith, Chem Kinetik Eng, P.571)

karena menghasilkan perpindahan panas yang paling besar

mm 3.14E+00 cm2
cm
gr/cm3 =
3986 kg/m3
gr/cm 3 =

sama dengan silinder (partikel), maka :

2.6246719 in

7.62 cm 0.0762 m
8.89 cm 0.0889 m
 6.2713 cm 0.0627 m
19.7935 cm2 0.0019794 m

er satuan luas

4313.5353 kg/m2.jam

7.2649 m2

0.00309 m2

0.0011000 g/cm3
 345.6967 cm/det = 12445.0815 m/jam

aliran fluida dalam shell

4.375 in = 11.1125 cm
0.8750 in = 2.2225 cm
 2
PT  0 . 866


F
212.0
530.6
318.6
C 373 K
C 550 K
Cal/gr.K
kcal/jam -9053995325.85222 kal/jam
gr/jam
kg/jam 59.5980 kg/sekon

1.5113 kj/kg.K 0.36098 Btu/lb.F

0.07271 lb/f.h
0.03374 Btu/f.h.F

0.2037 f

→ dari fig. 24 Kern, P.834 didapat jH = 5

btu/jam.f2.F

0.7542 btu/jam.f2.F
 222.9016 in
55.7254 in
4.38 in
0.8750 in
214552.7831 kg/jam = 473007.357 lb/jam

0.1198030357 f2

in = 0.2111 f 6.434 cm

P.838 didapat jH = 290

Btu/jam.f2.F

di mana
 0
0
673 K
1.32 atm
74.4473 kmol/jam
1143.3305 kmol/jam
373 K
214552.7831 kg/jam
0.062713 m
0.088900 m
2353 buah
15.3851 kJ/jam.m2.K
0.01 m
0.06
-547770 kj/kmol
3.80E-02 kmol/m3.jam
14000 kal/gmol
4313.5353 kg/m2.jam
12700800000 m/jam2
0.2384 kal/gr.K

A B C D E Mol.Yi

21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11 4.84759

33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11 42.60783
29.526 -8.8999E-03 3.8083E-05 -3.2629E-08 8.8607E-12 22.40539
29.342 -3.5395E-03 1.0076E-05 -4.3116E-09 2.5935E-13 414.14466
28.4033 9.52E-03 1.07E-04 -1.09E-07 3.19E-11

Ts (K) ∫ ∆CP.dT (j/mol) (-∆HR) P (atm) ra, Kmol/ m3 jam dx/dz

373 17828.5486436329 529941 1.32 2.68E-04 2.610987E-05
404.7270821889 17817.7021534185 529952 1.32 2.60E-04 0.000025414
431.8506356101 17808.0061071524 529962 1.32 2.54E-04 2.477228E-05
455.3427793964 17799.2940977532 529971 1.32 2.47E-04 0.000024129
475.892453641 17791.4348107924 529979 1.32 2.41E-04 2.350237E-05
494.0088707283 17784.3218177097 529986 1.32 2.35E-04 2.28919E-05
510.0807825748 17777.8670794821 529992 1.32 2.29E-04 2.229719E-05
524.4127002631 17771.9965969127 529998 1.32 2.23E-04 2.171784E-05
537.2481798718 17766.6473690279 530003 1.32 2.17E-04 2.115346E-05
548.7854188854 17761.7651924109 530008 1.32 2.11E-04 2.060365E-05
559.1880617799 17757.3030237366 530013 1.32 2.06E-04 2.006805E-05
568.5929024303 17753.2197324718 530017 1.32 2.00E-04 1.954629E-05
577.1155094615 17749.4791316651 530021 1.32 1.95E-04 0.000019038
584.8544217657 17746.0492118166 530024 1.32 1.90E-04 1.854289E-05
591.8943354933 17742.9015261927 530027 1.32 1.85E-04 1.806056E-05
598.3085643726 17740.0106911687 530030 1.32 1.80E-04 1.75907E-05
604.1609665033 17737.3539753639 530033 1.32 1.76E-04 0.000017133
609.5074728212 17734.9109583057 530035 1.32 1.71E-04 1.668712E-05
614.3973136778 17732.6632442453 530037 1.32 1.67E-04 1.625279E-05
618.87401351 17730.5942202277 530039 1.32 1.62E-04 1.58297E-05
622.9762051594 17728.6888500455 530041 1.32 1.58E-04 1.541755E-05
626.7383023593 17726.9334975706 530043 1.32 1.54E-04 1.501608E-05
630.1910595338 17725.3157743438 530045 1.32 1.50E-04 0.000014625
633.3620412196 17723.8244073585 530046 1.32 1.46E-04 0.000014244
636.2760183704 17722.449123777 530048 1.32 1.42E-04 1.387294E-05
638.95530503 17721.1805499431 530049 1.33 1.38E-04 1.351146E-05
641.420046009 17720.0101225405 530050 1.33 1.35E-04 1.315935E-05
643.6884640206 17718.9300101289 530051 1.33 1.31E-04 1.281635E-05
645.7770730532 17717.9330435973 530052 1.33 1.28E-04 1.248225E-05
647.7008634533 17717.0126543164 530053 1.33 1.25E-04 1.21568E-05
649.4734631672 17716.162818971 530054 1.33 1.21E-04 1.183979E-05
651.1072787839 17715.3780102118 530055 1.33 1.18E-04 0.000011531
652.6136193755 17714.653152399 530055 1.33 1.15E-04 1.123021E-05
654.0028056206 17713.9835818188 530056 1.33 1.12E-04 1.093722E-05
655.2842662757 17713.3650108397 530057 1.33 1.09E-04 1.065183E-05
656.4666237261 17712.7934955547 530057 1.33 1.06E-04 1.037385E-05
657.5577700718 17712.2654065153 530058 1.33 1.04E-04 1.010307E-05
658.5649349787 17711.7774022155 530058 1.33 1.01E-04 9.839329E-06
659.4947463384 17711.3264050287 530059 1.33 9.82E-05 9.582428E-06
660.3532846276 17710.9095793398 530059 1.33 9.56E-05 9.332196E-06
661.1461317286 17710.5243116433 530059 1.33 9.31E-05 9.088461E-06
661.8784148658 17710.1681924088 530060 1.33 9.07E-05 8.851054E-06
662.554846223 17709.8389995377 530060 1.33 8.83E-05 8.619812E-06
663.1797587296 17709.5346832545 530060 1.33 8.60E-05 8.394577E-06
663.7571384421 17709.2533522953 530061 1.33 8.38E-05 8.175193E-06
664.2906538883 17708.99326127 530061 1.33 8.16E-05 7.961509E-06
664.7836827004 17708.7527990892 530061 1.33 7.95E-05 7.753378E-06
665.2393358181 17708.5304783567 530061 1.33 7.74E-05 7.550656E-06
665.6604795133 17708.3249256411 530062 1.33 7.54E-05 7.353204E-06
666.0497554551 17708.1348725471 530062 1.33 7.34E-05 7.160885E-06
666.409599009 17707.9591475156 530062 1.33 7.15E-05 6.973567E-06
666.7422559447 17707.796668289 530062 1.33 6.96E-05 6.791121E-06
667.0497977035 17707.6464349843 530062 1.33 6.78E-05 6.61342E-06
667.3341353628 17707.5075237207 530062 1.33 6.60E-05 6.440342E-06
 667.5970324197 17707.3790807565 530063 1.33 6.43E-05 6.271767E-06
667.8401165017 17707.2603170909 530063 1.33 6.26E-05 6.107579E-06
668.0648901028 17707.1505034921 530063 1.33 6.10E-05 5.947665E-06
668.2727404322 17707.0489659171 530063 1.33 5.94E-05 5.791913E-06
668.4649484556 17706.9550812903 530063 1.33 5.78E-05 5.640216E-06
668.6426971979 17706.8682736118 530063 1.33 5.63E-05 5.49247E-06
668.8070793743 17706.788010369 530063 1.33 5.48E-05 5.348571E-06
668.9591044052 17706.7137992259 530063 1.33 5.34E-05 5.208421E-06
669.0997048694 17706.6451849694 530063 1.33 5.20E-05 5.071921E-06
669.2297424422 17706.581746691 530063 1.33 5.06E-05 0.000004939
669.3500133615 17706.5230951855 530063 1.33 4.93E-05 4.809501E-06
669.4612534619 17706.4688705492 530064 1.33 4.80E-05 4.683397E-06
669.5641428124 17706.4187399631 530064 1.33 4.67E-05 4.560581E-06
669.6593099894 17706.3723956446 530064 1.33 4.55E-05 0.000004441
669.7473360159 17706.3295529565 530064 1.33 4.43E-05 4.324472E-06
669.828757994 17706.2899486599 530064 1.33 4.32E-05 0.000004211
669.9040724536 17706.2533393 530064 1.33 4.20E-05 4.100518E-06
669.9737384432 17706.2194997147 530064 1.33 4.09E-05 3.992904E-06
670.0381803803 17706.1882216564 530064 1.33 3.98E-05 3.888097E-06
670.0977906825 17706.1593125186 530064 1.33 3.88E-05 0.000003786
670.1529321959 17706.1325941587 530064 1.34 3.78E-05 3.686618E-06
670.2039404372 17706.1079018097 530064 1.34 3.68E-05 3.589806E-06
670.2511256635 17706.0850830746 530064 1.34 3.58E-05 3.495522E-06
670.2947747838 17706.0639969966 530064 1.34 3.49E-05 3.403699E-06
670.3351531245 17706.0445131996 530064 1.34 3.40E-05 3.314275E-06
670.3725060605 17706.0265110928 530064 1.34 3.31E-05 3.227187E-06
670.407060521 17706.0098791368 530064 1.34 3.22E-05 3.142374E-06
670.439026382 17705.9945141631 530064 1.34 3.14E-05 3.059698E-06
670.4685977518 17705.980320735 530064 1.34 3.05E-05 2.979187E-06

240.1575 in

222.9016 in

in
in (Kern, hal. 844)
in
in2

f2/f
f2/f
lb steel
in

buah
in
in

2.4690 in
3.5000 in
0.5155 in

0.12838 in

psi
(double welded butt joint, tabel 13.2, P.254)
in

atm
psi
bardi ambil over design 20%, Rase & Barrow
psi (page 208)
psig
tt joint, tabel 13.2, P.254)

224.9016 in

in

5 bar dan harganya cukup ekonomis, Coulson P.818

tara 15 – 200 psig, Brownell and Young,1959
m yang diijinkan pada bahan, Psi

1 in

9.75 in

111.4508 in
101.7008 in
170.2500 in
136.5358 in
43.4642 in

in
melewati pipa tidak bersifat korosif)

P . BM
r =
R T
8.7048 kg/s
0.6537 kg/m3

1079.5989 mm
42.5039 in

BM BM.Yi kg/jam
42 0.5335 625.4
17 2.3371 2739.7
32 1.9304 2262.9
 28 16.4363 19267.3
53 2.8029 3285.6
18 2.6928 3156.6
26.7330 31337.4

0.6476 kg/m3

8.7048 kg/s
0.6476 kg/m3

1083.3482 mm
42.6515 in

59.5980 kg/s
1004.3177 kg/m3

198.1746 mm
7.8022 in
 59.5980 kg/s
715.0213 kg/m3

224.7203 mm
8.8473 in
 Yi.Tc Yi.w
23.767 0.009
78.299 0.049
21.642 0.003
75.954 0.024
123.768 0.085 (Carl-L-Yaws)
 Yi.Z
0.0651
0.1929
0.1400
0.6021
1.0001
 Komponen BM
C3H6 42 R 0.082 L,atm/mol.K
NH3 17 BM mix 27.3481 kg/kmol
O2 32 27.3481 g/mol
N2 28

dT/dz dTs/dz dP/dz Fi.Cpi Cp pendingin = 0.1152 + 0.0003402 T.cal/gr.K

-1.91256 317.2708 0.00205 1584566
-1.70995 271.2355 0.00205 1583710 Cp
-1.53661 234.9214 0.00205 1582883 (cal/gr,K) kj/kg.K
-1.38637 205.4967 0.00205 1582082 0.23841 0.04454
-1.25485 181.1642 0.00205 1581308 0.24921 0.04655
-1.13883 160.7191 0.00205 1580557 0.25844 0.04828
-1.03584 143.3192 0.00205 1579830 0.26643 0.04977
-0.94394 128.3548 0.00205 1579125 0.27342 0.05107
-0.86158 115.3724 0.00205 1578441 0.27958 0.05223
-0.78751 104.0264 0.00205 1577777 0.28505 0.05325
-0.72069 94.04841 0.00205 1577132 0.28993 0.05416
-0.66024 85.22607 0.00205 1576507 0.29429 0.05497
-0.60543 77.38912 0.00205 1575899 0.29822 0.05571
-0.55564 70.39914 0.00205 1575309 0.30176 0.05637
-0.51032 64.14229 0.00205 1574736 0.30496 0.05697
-0.46901 58.52402 0.00205 1574179 0.30785 0.05751
-0.4313 53.46506 0.00205 1573637 0.31049 0.05800
-0.39683 48.89841 0.00205 1573111 0.31288 0.05845
-0.3653 44.767 0.00205 1572599 0.31506 0.05885
-0.33641 41.02192 0.00205 1572102 0.31706 0.05923
-0.30993 37.62097 0.00205 1571618 0.31887 0.05957
-0.28564 34.52757 0.00205 1571148 0.32054 0.05988
-0.26333 31.70982 0.00205 1570691 0.32206 0.06016
-0.24284 29.13977 0.00205 1570246 0.32346 0.06042
-0.224 26.79287 0.00205 1569813 0.32474 0.06066
-0.20668 24.64741 0.00205 1569392 0.32591 0.06088
-0.19073 22.68418 0.00205 1568983 0.32699 0.06108
-0.17605 20.88609 0.00205 1568584 0.32798 0.06127
-0.16253 19.2379 0.00205 1568197 0.32889 0.06144
-0.15007 17.726 0.00205 1567819 0.32973 0.06159
-0.13859 16.33816 0.00205 1567452 0.33050 0.06174
-0.12801 15.06341 0.00205 1567095 0.33121 0.06187
-0.11824 13.89186 0.00205 1566748 0.33187 0.06199
-0.10924 12.81461 0.00205 1566410 0.33247 0.06211
-0.10093 11.82357 0.00205 1566080 0.33303 0.06221
-0.09326 10.91146 0.00205 1565760 0.33354 0.06231
-0.08618 10.07165 0.00205 1565448 0.33401 0.06239
-0.07965 9.298114 0.00205 1565145 0.33445 0.06247
-0.07361 8.585383 0.002049 1564849 0.33485 0.06255
-0.06804 7.928471 0.002049 1564562 0.33522 0.06262
-0.06289 7.322831 0.002049 1564282 0.33556 0.06268
-0.05814 6.764314 0.002049 1564010 0.33588 0.06274
-0.05375 6.249125 0.002049 1563745 0.33617 0.06280
-0.04969 5.773797 0.002049 1563486 0.33644 0.06285
-0.04593 5.335154 0.002049 1563235 0.33669 0.06289
-0.04247 4.930288 0.002049 1562990 0.33692 0.06294
-0.03926 4.556531 0.002049 1562752 0.33713 0.06298
-0.0363 4.211437 0.002049 1562520 0.33733 0.06301
-0.03357 3.892759 0.002049 1562295 0.33751 0.06305
-0.03104 3.598436 0.002049 1562075 0.33768 0.06308
-0.0287 3.326569 0.002049 1561861 0.33783 0.06311
-0.02653 3.075418 0.002049 1561653 0.33798 0.06313
-0.02453 2.843377 0.002049 1561450 0.33811 0.06316
-0.02268 2.628971 0.002049 1561253 0.33823 0.06318
-0.02098 2.430841 0.002049 1561061 0.33835 0.06320
-0.01939 2.247736 0.002049 1560873 0.33845 0.06322
-0.01793 2.078503 0.002049 1560691 0.33855 0.06324
-0.01658 1.92208 0.002049 1560514 0.33864 0.06326
-0.01533 1.777487 0.002049 1560341 0.33872 0.06327
-0.01418 1.643822 0.002049 1560173 0.33880 0.06329
-0.01311 1.52025 0.002049 1560009 0.33887 0.06330
-0.01212 1.406005 0.002049 1559850 0.33893 0.06331
-0.0112 1.300376 0.002049 1559695 0.33899 0.06332
-0.01036 1.202709 0.002049 1559544 0.33905 0.06333
-0.00958 1.112401 0.002049 1559396 0.33910 0.06334
-0.00885 1.028894 0.002049 1559253 0.33915 0.06335
-0.00819 0.951672 0.002049 1559114 0.33919 0.06336
-0.00757 0.88026 0.002049 1558978 0.33923 0.06337
-0.00699 0.81422 0.002049 1558846 0.33927 0.06338
-0.00647 0.753145 0.002049 1558717 0.33931 0.06338
-0.00598 0.69666 0.002049 1558592 0.33934 0.06339
-0.00552 0.644419 0.002049 1558470 0.33937 0.06339
-0.00511 0.596103 0.002049 1558351 0.33940 0.06340
-0.00472 0.551415 0.002049 1558235 0.33942 0.06340
-0.00436 0.510082 0.002049 1558122 0.33945 0.06341
-0.00403 0.471852 0.002049 1558013 0.33947 0.06341
-0.00372 0.436491 0.002049 1557906 0.33949 0.06342
-0.00344 0.403783 0.002049 1557802 0.33951 0.06342
-0.00318 0.373529 0.002049 1557701 0.33952 0.06342
-0.00294 0.345545 0.002049 1557602 0.33954 0.06343
-0.00271 0.319659 0.001706 1557506 0.33955 0.06343
-0.00251 0.295714 0.001706 1557413 0.33957 0.06343
-0.00232 0.273564 0.001706 1557322 0.33958 0.06343
0.33959 0.06344
0.33960 0.06344
0.33961 0.06344
0.11152 0.02083
 Komponen A B C yi
L,atm/mol.K C3H6 -7.230 3.4180E-01 -9.4516E-05 0.065
NH3 -7.874 3.6700E-01 -4.4700E-06 0.193
O2 44.224 5.6200E-01 -1.1300E-04 0.140
N2 42.606 4.7500E-01 -9.8800E-05 0.602

P . BM
r = mix

R T
ρg (g/L) ρg (g/cm3) ρg (kg/m3) ᶯ gas
(kg/s.m) (kg/jam.m) lb/ft.jam
0.6541 654.1412 654141.185582 mikro poise
0.6544 654.4288 654428.770371 300.5700 3.0057E-05 0.1082 2.6510E-05
0.6547 654.6968 654696.793368 300.5037 3.0050E-05 0.1082 2.6504E-05
0.6549 654.9481 654948.066523 300.4443 3.0044E-05 0.1082 2.6499E-05
0.6552 655.1848 655184.810477 300.3910 3.0039E-05 0.1081 2.6494E-05
0.6554 655.4088 655408.826565 300.3429 3.0034E-05 0.1081 2.6490E-05
0.6556 655.6216 655621.606227 300.2994 3.0030E-05 0.1081 2.6486E-05
0.6558 655.8244 655824.404226 300.2599 3.0026E-05 0.1081 2.6483E-05
0.6560 656.0183 656018.289834 300.2239 3.0022E-05 0.1081 2.6480E-05
0.6562 656.2042 656204.18386 300.1912 3.0019E-05 0.1081 2.6477E-05
0.6564 656.3829 656382.886202 300.1613 3.0016E-05 0.1081 2.6474E-05
0.6566 656.5551 656555.096837 300.1339 3.0013E-05 0.1080 2.6472E-05
0.6567 656.7214 656721.432136 300.1089 3.0011E-05 0.1080 2.6470E-05
0.6569 656.8824 656882.43776 300.0860 3.0009E-05 0.1080 2.6468E-05
0.6570 657.0386 657038.599021 300.0650 3.0006E-05 0.1080 2.6466E-05
0.6572 657.1903 657190.349297 300.0457 3.0005E-05 0.1080 2.6464E-05
0.6573 657.3381 657338.076965 300.0280 3.0003E-05 0.1080 2.6462E-05
0.6575 657.4821 657482.131157 300.0117 3.0001E-05 0.1080 2.6461E-05
0.6576 657.6228 657622.826595 299.9967 3.0000E-05 0.1080 2.6460E-05
0.6578 657.7604 657760.447677 299.9829 2.9998E-05 0.1080 2.6458E-05
0.6579 657.8953 657895.251961 299.9703 2.9997E-05 0.1080 2.6457E-05
0.6580 658.0275 658027.473155 299.9586 2.9996E-05 0.1080 2.6456E-05
0.6582 658.1573 658157.323698 299.9478 2.9995E-05 0.1080 2.6455E-05
0.6583 658.2850 658284.997 299.9379 2.9994E-05 0.1080 2.6455E-05
0.6584 658.4107 658410.669398 299.9288 2.9993E-05 0.1080 2.6454E-05
0.6585 658.5345 658534.501867 299.9203 2.9992E-05 0.1080 2.6453E-05
0.6587 658.6566 658656.641533 299.9126 2.9991E-05 0.1080 2.6452E-05
0.6588 658.7772 658777.223006 299.9054 2.9991E-05 0.1080 2.6452E-05
0.6589 658.8964 658896.369559 299.8988 2.9990E-05 0.1080 2.6451E-05
0.6590 659.0142 659014.194185 299.8926 2.9989E-05 0.1080 2.6451E-05
0.6591 659.1308 659130.800534 299.8870 2.9989E-05 0.1080 2.6450E-05
0.6592 659.2463 659246.283758 299.8818 2.9988E-05 0.1080 2.6450E-05
0.6594 659.3607 659360.731258 299.8770 2.9988E-05 0.1080 2.6449E-05
0.6595 659.4742 659474.223373 299.8725 2.9987E-05 0.1080 2.6449E-05
0.6596 659.5868 659586.833985 299.8684 2.9987E-05 0.1080 2.6448E-05
0.6597 659.6986 659698.631072 299.8646 2.9986E-05 0.1080 2.6448E-05
0.6598 659.8097 659809.677212 299.8611 2.9986E-05 0.1080 2.6448E-05
0.6599 659.9200 659920.030036 299.8579 2.9986E-05 0.1079 2.6447E-05
0.6600 660.0297 660029.742636 299.8549 2.9985E-05 0.1079 2.6447E-05
0.6601 660.1389 660138.863944 299.8521 2.9985E-05 0.1079 2.6447E-05
0.6602 660.2474 660247.439069 299.8496 2.9985E-05 0.1079 2.6447E-05
0.6604 660.3555 660355.50961 299.8472 2.9985E-05 0.1079 2.6447E-05
0.6605 660.4631 660463.113942 299.8450 2.9985E-05 0.1079 2.6446E-05
0.6606 660.5703 660570.28747 299.8430 2.9984E-05 0.1079 2.6446E-05
0.6607 660.6771 660677.062869 299.8411 2.9984E-05 0.1079 2.6446E-05
0.6608 660.7835 660783.470301 299.8394 2.9984E-05 0.1079 2.6446E-05
0.6609 660.8895 660889.537612 299.8378 2.9984E-05 0.1079 2.6446E-05
0.6610 660.9953 660995.290519 299.8363 2.9984E-05 0.1079 2.6446E-05
0.6611 661.1008 661100.752769 299.8350 2.9983E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6612 661.2059 661205.9463 299.8337 2.9983E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6613 661.3109 661310.89138 299.8326 2.9983E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6614 661.4156 661415.606734 299.8315 2.9983E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6615 661.5201 661520.109667 299.8305 2.9983E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6616 661.6244 661624.416169 299.8296 2.9983E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6617 661.7285 661728.541021 299.8287 2.9983E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6618 661.8325 661832.497886 299.8279 2.9983E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6619 661.9363 661936.299393 299.8272 2.9983E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6620 662.0400 662039.957217 299.8265 2.9983E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6621 662.1435 662143.482155 299.8259 2.9983E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6622 662.2469 662246.884187 299.8253 2.9983E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6624 662.3502 662350.172542 299.8248 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6625 662.4534 662453.355755 299.8243 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6445E-05
0.6626 662.5564 662556.441718 299.8238 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6627 662.6594 662659.43773 299.8234 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6628 662.7624 662762.350541 299.8230 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6629 662.8652 662865.186394 299.8227 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6630 662.9680 662967.951064 299.8223 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6631 663.0706 663070.649891 299.8220 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6632 663.1733 663173.287814 299.8218 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6633 663.2759 663275.869405 299.8215 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6634 663.3784 663378.398888 299.8212 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6635 663.4809 663480.880174 299.8210 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6636 663.5833 663583.316879 299.8208 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6637 663.6857 663685.71235 299.8206 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6638 663.7881 663788.06968 299.8204 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6639 663.8904 663890.391732 299.8203 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6640 663.9927 663992.681155 299.8201 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6641 664.0949 664094.940399 299.8200 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6642 664.1972 664197.17173 299.8199 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6643 664.2994 664299.377246 299.8197 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
0.6644 664.4016 664401.558884 299.8196 2.9982E-05 0.1079 2.6444E-05
 T2

452929
452671.6054
452441.5407
452234.8484
452048.4059
451879.6830
451726.5869
451587.3591
451460.5024
451344.7290
451238.9217
451142.1034
451053.4148
450972.0961
450897.4717
450828.9392
450765.9591
450708.0468
450654.7657
450605.7217
450560.5580
450518.9512
450480.6074
450445.2593
450412.6630
450382.5965
450354.8565
450329.2575
450305.6293
450283.8163
450263.6756
450245.0761
450227.8977
450212.0296
450197.3703
450183.8262
450171.3114
450159.7466
450149.0588
450139.1809
450130.0509
450121.6117
450113.8106
450106.5991
450099.9323
450093.7688
450088.0705
450082.8021
450077.9311
450073.4274
450069.2632
450065.4130
450061.8529
450058.5611
450055.5174
450052.7031
450050.1009
450047.6948
450045.4700
450043.4130
450041.5110
450039.7524
450038.1265
450036.6232
450035.2334
450033.9485
450032.7605
450031.6623
450030.6471
450029.7086
450028.8411
450028.0392
450027.2980
450026.6130
450025.9799
450025.3948
450024.8540
450024.3544
450023.8927
450023.4661
 MENARA DISTILASI
FungsUntuk memisahkan akrilonitril dan air pada fase uap dan fase cair

Ln Po = (A- ((B)/(T+C)))
komponen BM
A B
C3H3N 53.0000 16.2481 2465.15
H2O 18.0000 18.3036 3816.44

Umpan masuk menara (F)

komponen kg/jam kmol/jam fraksi mol
C3H3N 3,156.5657 59.5578 0.2460
H2O 3,285.6076 182.5338 0.7540
TOTAL 6,442.1733 242.0916 1.0000

Hasil atas menara (D)

komponen kg/jam kmol/jam fraksi mol
C3H3N 3,125.0000 58.9623 0.9700
H2O 32.8561 1.8253 0.0300
TOTAL 3,157.8561 60.7876 1.0000

Hasil bawah menara (B)

komponen kg/jam kmol/jam fraksi mol
C3H3N 31.5657 0.5956 0.0033
H2O 3,252.7516 180.7084 0.9967
TOTAL 3,284.3172 181.3040 1.0000

1. Kondisi Operasi Atas

Persamaan Antoine : Ln Po = (A- ((B)/(T+C)))
Kondisi operasi atas menara terjadi pada keadaan Dew Point (titik embun), Σ Xi = Σ(yi/ki) = 1
Kondisi operasi : P= 1.32 atm =
T= 44.2677 °C =

komponen fraksi mol, yi Po ki = Po/Pt

C3H3N 0.97 1,724.0015 1.7185
H2O 0.03 69.1123 0.0689
TOTAL 1.00 1,793.1138 1.7874

2. Kondisi Operasi Bawah

Kondisi operasi bawah menara terjadi pada keadaan Bubble point (titik didih), Σ yii = Σ(ki.xi) = 1
maka Σ yi = Σxi*ki
Kondisi operasi : P= 1.32 atm =
T= 107.2234 °C =
 komponen fraksi mol, xi Po ki = Po/Pt
C3H3N 0.0033 8,653.7740 8.6262
H2O 0.9967 977.9439 0.9748
TOTAL 1.0000 9,631.7180 9.6010

3. Kondisi Operasi Umpan

Kondisi operasi umpan menara terjadi pada keadaan Bubble Point (titik didih), Σ yii = Σ(ki.xi) = 1
maka Σ yi = Σxi*ki
Kondisi operasi : P= 1.32 atm =
T= 67.9542 °C =

komponen fraksi mol, xi Po ki = Po/Pt

C3H3N 0.2460 3,421.4945 3.4106
H2O 0.7540 213.8735 0.2132
TOTAL 1.0000 3,635.3680 3.6238

LK : Light Komponen
HK : Heavy Komponen

αlk = (αEth,D . αEth,B) 0,5 αhk =

= 14.8572 =

A. Menentukan Jumlah Plate dan Feed Plate

1. Perhitungan Reflux Minimum (Rmin)
Dari persamaan Underwood 9.165 :
umpan masuk menara pada keadaan bubble point (titik didih) sehingga q=1 (cair jenuh)
(1-q) = Σ((αi.Xif)/(αj-θ))

komponen α atas α bawah

C3H3N 24.9449 8.8489
H2O 1.0000 1.0000

dengan cara trial dan error didapat nilai θ :

θ hasil
3.43605 0.00

dari metode trial dan error didapat nilai θ =

Rmin +1 = Σ((αid*Xid)/(αj-θ))
= 1.1126
Rmin = 0.1126
R = 1.25 Rmin
= 0.14074796
 2. Jumlah Plate Minimum
(αlk.αhk)avg = (αlk.αhk) 0,5

= 3.8545
Xlk Xhk
log ( )d . ( )b
Nmin = Xhk Xlk
log α avg
= 6.8114075

3. Penentuan jumlah plate

Persamaan yang cukup akurat menjabarkan korelasi Gilliland ini adalah persamaan Molokanov.

N  Nm  1  54.4X  X  1 
Y = = 1  exp   0.5  
N 1  11  117.7X  X 

Dengan : X = (R - Rm) / (R + 1) =
Diperoleh : Y =

Maka jumlah plate :

N = (Nm + Y) / (1 - Y) = 21.2323

Efficiency plate, Eo

μcamp = 0.4831 cp
Eo = 51 - 32.5 Log (μcamp.αavg)
= 42.2237 % =

Jumlah Plate Aktual (perancangan)

Nactual = N / Eo
= 50.2852 ≈
Jumlah plate tanpa reboiler =

4. Letak Feed Plate

Nr  B  Xf, Hk  Xb, Lk  2 
Log = 0.206 Log    Xf, Lk 

 Xd, Hk 
 
Ns 
 D     
dimana :
Nr : Jumlah plate umpan dihitung dari atas (top)
Ns : Jumlah plate umpan dihitung dari bawah (bottom)

Nr/Ns = 0.7906
Nr + Ns = Nact - 1
Ns = 27.3644
Jadi feed terletak antara plate 27 dengan 28

B. Menentukan Dimensi Menara

Tray spacing (Ts) : 0.3 - 0.6 m
 Diambil tray spacing (Ts) = 0.30
1. Menentukan Diameter Menara
dicari berdasarkan kec uap max (pers 11.79 &11.80 coulson

  ρL  ρv  
0.5

Uv = (0.171l S
2
 0.27l S  0.047)  
 ρv 
4 Vw
Dc =
π . ρv . uv
Uv = kecepatan uap masuk yag diijinkan bdasarkan luas tampang total menara, m/s
Vw = kecepatan uap/cairan maksimum, m/s
ls = plate spacing, m
Dc = Diameter kolom, m
Enriching section
densitas cairan ( ρL)
Komponen yi ρ (kg/m3)
C3H3N 0.9700 0.2977
H2O 0.0300 419.1196
TOTAL 1.0000 419.4173

densitas cairan (ρL) =

BMcamp =
densitas uap (ρv) Bmcamp . P =
R.T

Kecepatan cair (L) = R . D =

Kecepatan uap (v) = L +. D =

Uv = 0.0367 m/s
Vw = 496.4108 kg/jam =
Dc = 1.3482 m =

Stripping section
densitas cairan ( ρL)
Komponen xi ρ (kg/m3)
C3H3N 0.0033 0.2831
H2O 0.9967 404.3060
TOTAL 1.0000 404.5891

densitas cairan (ρL) =

BMcamp =
densitas uap (ρv) Bmcamp . P =
R.T
Kecepatan uap (v) = R . B =
Kecepatan cair (L) = v + B =
 Uv = 0.7790 m/s
Vw = 3746.5782 kg/jam =
Dc = 1.4904 m =

2. Perancangan plate

→ Diameter coloumn =
→ Luas penampang coloumn (Ac) =
→Luas downcomer (Ad) = 0.12 Ac =
→Luas net area (An) = Ac - Ad =
→Luas active area (Aa) = Ac - 2 Ad =
→Luas hole area (Ah) = 0.1 Aa =

a. Panjang weir
Panjang weir (tw) merupakan fungsi Ad/Ac yang telah digrafikan (fig 11.31, coulson)
untuk : Ad = 0.12ac, didapat tw/Dc = 0.76
seksi enriching
tw = 1.0247 m
dalam perancangan dipilih
Take weir height (hw) = 50 mm =
Hole diameter (Dh) = 5 mm =
Plate thickness / tebal plate = 5 mm =

b. Check weeping
seksi Enriching
Kecepatan uap (v) = (R + 1) D = 3,602.3179
Kecepatan cair (L) = R . D = 444.4618
max Lw = 0.1235
turn down rate diambil = 0.8
how = west crost, mm cairan
2/3 = 33.3080
 Lw 
max how = 750  
 rL.tw 

min Lw = 26.6464 mm liquid

2/ 3
 Lw 
min how = 750   = 1198.4490
 rL.tw 
min how + hw = 1248.4490 mm
dari Fig 11.30 diperoleh K2 = 30.4
dari persamanan 11.84 coulson, kecepatan uap min design :

Uh min =
K2  0.90. 25.4  dh  
 rv  0.5
Uh min = 4.6497 m/s
kecepatan fase uap
 Qv = (V . BM vapour) / ρv
= 188.5522 m3/jam
= 0.0524 m3/s
kecepatan uap minimum
Vh = (0.8 Qv) / Ah
= 0.3864 m/s
Vh > Uhmin sehingga tidak terjadi weeping

seksi Stripping
Kecepatan uap (v) = R . B = 462.2610
Kecepatan cair (L) = v + B = 3,746.5782
max Lw = 1.0407
turn down rate diambil = 0.7
how = west crost, mm cairan
2/3
 Lw 
max how = 750   = 12.9922
 rL.tw 
min Lw = 9.0945 mm liquid
2/ 3
 Lw 
min how = 750   = 55.1206
 rL.tw 
min how + hw = 105.1206 mm
dari Fig 11.30 diperoleh K2 = 30.8
dari persamanan 11.84 coulson, kecepatan uap min design :

Uh min =
K2  0.90. 25.4  dh  
 rv  0.5
Uh min = 9.0766 m/s
kecepatan fase uap
Qv = (V . BM vapour) / ρv
= 603.3871 m3/jam
= 0.1676 m3/s

c. Plate Pressure Drop

2
 Uh  rv
Dry plate drop (hd) = 51.  .
 Co 
 rL

Uh = kec uap melalui hole,m/s

Co = koef dischange sieve plate
Co mrpk fungsi tebal plate, d hole dan perbandingan area hole dan active area (coulson p468)

Seksi Enriching
kecepatan uap max melalui hole
Uh max = Qv/Ah
= 0.4830 m/s
 Ah / Ap ≈ Ah / Aa = 0.1
tebal plate / dh = 1
dari fig 11.34, p 467, coulson, diperoleh Co = 0.84
hd = 3.4476 mm liquid

3
12,5 . 10
Residu Head (hr) =
ρL
hr = 970.9385 mm liquid

Total plate drop (ht) = hd + (hw + how) + hr

= 1057.6941 mm liquid

seksi Stripping
kecepatan uap max melalui hole
Uh max = Qv/Ah
= 1.2647 m/s
Ah / Ap = Ah / Aa = 0.1
tebal plate / dh = 1
dari fig 11.34, p 467, coulson, diperoleh Co = 0.84
hd = 0.2198 mm liquid
3
12,5 . 10
Residu Head (hr) =
ρL
hr = 31.0190 mm liquid

Total plate drop (ht) = hd + (hw + how) + hr

= 94.2310 mm liquid

d. Total Pressure Drop

dipilih harga ht yang paling besar, yaitu dari seksi enriching
ht = 1057.6941 mm liquid
∆Pt = 9,81.10 . ht . ρL
-3

= 133.5818 Pa = 0.0013

e. Menentukan jumlah Hole

π
Luas satuan hole = .(dh 2 )
4
= 0.000019625 mm2
Jumlah hole bawah = Ah / luas satuan hole =
Jumlah hole atas = Ah / luas satuan hole =

3. Downcomer liquid back-up

 1
2 5

3 4

lead loss in the downcomer

hap = hw - (5-10 mm)
diambil hap = hw - 10 mm
= 40 mm =
luas di bawah downcomer (Aap) =
Top
Aap = 0.0410 m2
Ad = 0.1712 m2

Aap = Am
2
 Lwd 
hdc = 166.  
 ρLAm 
dimana :
Lwd = kec alir cairan pd downcomer
hdc = head loss pd downcomer

Top hdc = 0.009275 mm

hb = (hw + how max) + ht + hdc

= 1141.011365 mm =
utk menghindari floading sebaiknya hb < 0.5 (ts + tw)
0.5 (Ts + tw) = 0.6623
bottom hdc = 0.5393 mm

hb = (hw + how max) + ht + hdc

= 157.7625 mm =

a. Chek resident Time

Min resint time = 3 detik
Ad . hb . ρL
tr =
Lwd

Top tr = 20.3735 s
 Bottom tr = 12.7825 s

b. Maximum vapour velocity

Lw rv
FLV = .
Vw rL

dimana :
Lw = kec aliran cairan kg/s
Vw = kec aliran uap kg/s
Flv = faktor aliran cairan uap

ρL - ρV
uf = k
ρV
dimana :
uf = kec floading uap m/s
k = konstanta yg mrpk fungsi Flv dan Lt

Seksi enriching
Flv = 0.0558
dari fig 11.27 coulson untuk tray spacing 0.35 maka k =
karena maximal superfacial veloity terjadi pada keadaan floading maka :
uf = 0.1381 m/s
agar tidak terjadi floading superfacial velocity 85%
uf = 0.1174 m/s

Seksi stripping
Flv = 0.3534
dari fig 11.27 coulson untuk tray spacing 0.35 maka k =
uf = 0.4124 m/s
agar tidak terjadi floading superfacial velocity 85%
uf = 0.3506 m/s

c. Check entrainment

 Uv 
% foading =   100 %
 Uf 

Uv = Qv / An

Seksi enriching
Uv = 0.0417 m/s
% foading = 30.2110 %
dari fig 11.29 coulson
% foading = 30.2110 dan Flv = 0.0558
ψ = 0.07
syarat : ψ < 0.1 → memenuhi
Seksi stripping
Uv = 0.1092 m/s
% foading = 31.1571 %
dari fig 11.29 coulson
% foading = 31.1571 dan Flv = 0.3534
y = 0.001 memenuhi

4. Menentukan Tebal Dinding Menara

a. Tebal Shell
Diameter menara
• Seksi enriching = 1.3482
• Seksi stripping = 1.4904
Tekanan Perancangan = 1,1 P operasi
Bahan konstruksi = Carbon steel SA 283 grade C
• allowable stress (f) = 12,650
• factor friksi (c) = 0.125
• efisiensi sambungan (E) = 0.8
Tebal shell (ts)

P . ri
ts = c
f . E - 0.6 P
Seksi enriching
ts = 0.1810 in
dipakai tebal shell standar = 1/8
OD = ID + 2 t = 53.3414
Dari tabel 5.7, Brownell - Young, OD yang sesuai adalah
ID koreksi = OD - 2 t = 11.7392

Seksi stripping
ts = 0.1870 in
dipakai tebal shell standar = 1/8
OD = ID + 2 t = 58.9361
Dari tabel 5.7, Brownell - Young, OD yang sesuai adalah
ID koreksi = OD - 2 t = 11.7414

b. Tebal Head
Bentuk head = torispherical dished head

0.885 P . ri
th = c
f . E - 0.1 P
th = 0.2440 in
dipilih tebal standart (th) = 2/16

c. Menentukan Jarak Puncak dengan Straight Flange

 Dari tabel 5.6, Brownell, straight flange (sf) antara (1,5-2,5)
dipilih straight flange (sf) = 2
Dari tabel 5.7, Brownell - Young, diperoleh :
Seksi enriching
ri = 66
icr = 4
icr / OD = 0.0606

a = ID/2 = 26.5403
AB = a - icr = 22 5/9
BC = r - icr = 62
AC = (BC2 - AB2)1/2 = 57.7576
b = r - AC = 8.2424
Hh = th + b + sf = 10.4865

5. Menentukan Tinggi Menara

Volume head bottom = 0.000049 ID3 =
Q bottom = L / ρL = 0.002582558
θ = 20.3735 s
Vol cairan = Q / tr = 0.0526
tinggi cairan = (Vol cairan - Vol head) / Ac
= 0.0301 m

Tray spacing (Ts) = 0.30

Tinggi kolom = (Nact - 1) Ts = 14.7
Ruang kosong diatas plate pertama = 10% . tinggi kolom
= 1.4700
Ruang kosong dibawah plate terakhir = 15% tinggi kolom
= 2.2050
Tinggi menara = 18.3750
Hh top + Hh bottom = 22.1448
Tinggi total menara = 18.9375

6. Nozzel

D opt = 226 Wm 0.5 ρ - 0.35

dimana :
D opt = diameter optimum, mm
Wm = kec. umpan masuk/keluar, kg/s
ρ = densitas gas umpan, kg/m3

a. Pipa Pemasukan Umpan Menara Distilasi

Komponen yi ρ (kg/m3)
C3H3N 0.2460 778.0000
 H2O 0.7540 1,000
TOTAL 1.0000 1,778.00

ρ = 945.3850 kg/m3
Wm = 1.7895 kg/s
D opt = 27.4796 mm
dipakai pipa dengan ukuran standart :

b. Pipa Pemasukan Refluks Menara Distilasi

ρ = 12.8741 kg/m3
Wm = 0.1235 kg/s
D opt = 32.4693 mm
dipakai pipa dengan ukuran standart :

c. Pipa Pemasukan Uap Boiler

ρ = 0.7661 kg/m3
Wm = 0.1284 kg/s
D opt = 88.8994 mm
dipakai pipa dengan ukuran standart :

d. Pipa Pengeluaran Uap Puncak Menara Distilasi

ρ = 2.6328 kg/m3
Wm = 1.0006 kg/s
D opt = 161.1034 mm
dipakai pipa dengan ukuran standart :

e. Pipa Pengeluaran Cairan Dasar

ρ = 402.9788 kg/m3
Wm = 1.0407 kg/s
D opt = 28.2440 mm
dipakai pipa dengan ukuran standart :

1 Fungsi Memisahkan akrilonitril dan air antara fasa cair dan fasa ( gas
2 Jenis Sieve Tray
3 Diamete 1.4904 m
4 Tinggi Menara 18.9375 m
5 Jumlah stage 50 plate
6 Tebal Shell 0.2982 m (Standar 12 in)
7 Tebal Head 0.2440 m (Standar 2/16 in)
8 Letak Feed Antara Plate 27 dan 28
 9 Nozzle Pipa pemasukan feed MD
Pipa Pemasukan Refluks MD
Pipa Pemasukan Uap Boiler
10 Bahan Carbon steel SA-283 Grade C
11 Harga
ID = 1,049 in (Standar)
OD = 1,32 in (Standar)
ID = 1,380 in (Standar)
OD = 1,660 in (Standar)
ID = 3,068 in (Standar)
OD = 3,500 in (Standar)
A DISTILASI

A- ((B)/(T+C)))
C
-37.15
-46.13

1003.2000 mmHg
317.4177 K

xi = yi/ki α = ki/khk
0.56 24.9449
0.44 1.0000
1.000 25.9449

1003.200 mmHg
380.3734 K
 yi = xi.ki α = ki/khk
0.0283 8.8489
0.9716 1.0000
1.0000 9.8489

1,003.2000 mmHg
341.1042 K

yi = xi.ki α = ki/khk
0.839 5.2198
0.161 1.0000
1.000 6.2198

: Acrylonitrile
: Air

(αair,D . αair,B) 0,5

1.0000

dih) sehingga q=1 (cair jenuh)

α rata-rata
16.8969
1.0000

3.4360
d ini adalah persamaan Molokanov.
(Walas, S.M.,P.397)
4X  X  1  
 
.7X  X 0.5  


0.0247
0.6486

(Coulson & Richardson, P.442)

0.4222

50 plate
49 plate

Xb, Lk 
2

 
Xd, Hk 
 


dari atas (top)

dari bawah (bottom)

(Coulson & Richardson, P.448)

 m

L  ρv  
0.5


ρv 

bdasarkan luas tampang total menara, m/s

Data densitas cair masing-masing komponen

T= 317.2677 K P=
yi . ρ komponen A B n
0.2888 C3H3N 0.2503 0.2293 0.28939
12.5854 H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571
12.8741

12.8741 kg/m3
51.9490 kg/kmol
0.0026 kg/lt 2.6328 kg/m3

8.5557 kmol/jam
9.5557 kmol/jam

0.1379 kg/s
4.4234 ft

Data densitas cair masing-masing komponen

T= 380.2234 K P=
xi . ρ komponen A B n
0.0009 C3H3N 0.2503 0.2293 0.28939
402.9779 H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571
402.9788

402.9788 kg/m3
18.1150 kg/kmol
0.0008 kg/lt 0.7661 kg/m3

25.5182 kmol/jam
206.8222 kmol/jam
 1.0407 kg/s
4.8898 ft

seksi enriching seksi striping

1.3482 m 1.4904 m
1.4269 m2 1.7437 m2
0.1712 m2 0.2092 m2
1.2557 m2 1.5345 m2
1.0845 m2 1.3252 m2
0.1084 m2 0.1325 m2

seksi striping
tw = 1.1327 m

0.05 m
0.005 m
0.005 m

kg/jam 1.0006 kg/s

kg/jam 0.1235 kg/s
kg/s

mm liquid

mm liquid
 kg/jam 0.1284 kg/s
kg/jam 1.0407 kg/s
kg/s

mm liquid

mm liquid

(coulson&Richarson p 468 pers 11.88)

e dan active area (coulson p468)

(coulson&Richarson p 468 pers 11.89)

(coulson&Richarson p 468 pers 11.89)

atm

6753
5526
Keterangan :

1. ts = tray spacing
2. hb = downcomer back-up, diukur dr
permukaan plate,m
3. hap = tinggi celah antara dinding
downcomer dgn plate
4. hw = tinggi weir
5. how = ketinggian cairan diatas weir

0.04 m
hap . Tw (Coulson pers 11.93 p 469)
Bottom
0.0453 m2
0.2092 m2

(Coulson p 468 pers 11.92)

1.1410 m

m memenuhi

0.1578 m

(Coulson pers 11.95 p 470)

 (Coulson p 460 pers 11.82)

(Coulson p 454 pers 11.81)

0.07

0.018
m = 53.0806 in
m = 58.6775 in
= 21.3444 Psia

psia (Brownell, P.251)

in

(Brownell, P.254)

in
in = 1.3549 m
12 in
in = 0.2982 m

in
in = 1.4970 m
12 in
in = 0.2982 m

(Brownell, pers.13.12)

in
 in

Seksi stripping
in 66 in
in 4 in
0.0606

in 29.3388 in wnell, P.87)

in 25.3388 in
in 62 in
in 56.5858 in
in 9.4142 in
in 11.6583 in

9.8994 in3 = 0.000162222855 m3

m3/s

m3

m
m

m
m
in = 0.5625 m
m

(R.K. Sinnot, Chem Eng Vol.6)

eter optimum, mm
umpan masuk/keluar, kg/s
tas gas umpan, kg/m3

yi . ρ
191.3986
753.9863
945.3850

1.0819 in
ID = 1.049 in
OD = 1.320 in

1.2783 in
ID = 1.380 in
OD = 1.660 in

3.5000 in
ID = 3.068 in
OD = 3.500 in

6.3426 in
ID = 6.065 in
OD = 6.625 in

1.1120 in
ID = 1.049 in
OD = 1.320 in
 1,049 in (Standar)
= 1,32 in (Standar)
1,380 in (Standar)
= 1,660 in (Standar)
3,068 in (Standar)
= 3,500 in (Standar)
1.3200 atm
Tc ρL (kg/m3)
535 0.2977
647.13 419.1196

1.3200 atm
Tc ρL (kg/m3)
535 0.2831
647.13 404.3060
 TANGKI PENYIMPANAN PROPILEN
Fungsi : Untuk menyimpan bahan baku propilen
Kondisi Operasi :
T= 30 C 303 K
P= 14.7 psi 1 atm
Jenis : Carbon steel jenis SA 285 grade C
Tipe : Tangki Bola 10 hari

Menentukan Kondisi Operasi

Data Vapor Pressure (Chemical Engineering Properties "Yaws")
Komponen A B C D E
C3H6 24.539 -1.51E+03 -6.48E+00 -4.285E-11 5.50E-06
H2O 29.8605 -3.15E+03 -7.30E+00 2.425E-09 1.81E-06

𝐿𝑜𝑔 �=𝐴+�/𝑇+𝐶 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑇+𝐷𝑇+𝐸𝑇^2 T

P
Bubble Point
Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam xi Po (mmHg) Po (atm) K
C3H6 3126.7867 74.4473 0.9770 9.77E+03 1.29E+01 1.02E+00
H2O 31.5837 1.7547 0.0230 3.16E+01 4.16E-02 3.31E-03
Total 3158.3704 76.2020 1.0000 9.80E+03

Menentukan Dimensi Tangki

Menentukan Densitas propilen

Data Density of liquid (Chemical Engineering Properties "Yaws")
Komponen A B n Tc (1-T/Tc)^n ρ (gr/cm3)
C3H6 0.2331 0.2752 0.3025 364.7600 0.5844 0.4956
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13 0.8349 1.0230

Densitas Campuran = 500.8566 kg/m3

di sesuaikan dengan max di matches

Menghitung Kapasitas Tangki kapasitas per tangki = 1671409.63668
total kapasitas = 3158.3704 kg/jam 6964.20681948 lb/jam
selama 10 hari = 758008.91 kg/10 hari 1671409.63668 lb/10 hari
�=�/� tangki yg diperlukan =
volume tangki = 1513.425 m3 =

faktor keamanan (overdesign 20%)

volume = 1816.1102 m3
= 64135.386 f3
 = 15230.667 bbl

Tipe Tangki = Spherical Tank

Menentukan Diameter Spherical Tank

V = 4/3 .π . R3
R = (3.V/4.π)1/3
R = 7.569 m = 24.831 f
D = 15.137 m = 49.663 f

Menentukan tebal shell

p.d
t= c (persamaan 4-28 Brownell)
4. f .e
dengan : t = tebal shell, in
d = inside diameter, in
p = internal pressure, psi
f = allowable working stress, psi
c = corrosion allowance, in
Bahan yang dipilih adalah carbon steel SA 283 grade C
f= 12650 psi
c= 0.125 in range (1/4 - 1/8)
p= 184.5815 psi
d= 595.9559 in
e= 0.85 in (single welded butt joint)
t= 2.6826 in
0.0681 m
6.8138 cm 2 2/3

1 Fungsi Menyimpan propilen sebanyak 3158,3704 kg/jam selama ( 30 hari )

2 Jenis Tangki Bola
3 Kondisi Tekanan : 12,56 atm
4 Temperatur : 30 0C atau 303 K
5 Volume 1816.1102 m3
6 Diameter 15.137 m
7 Tebal Shell 2.6826 in
8 Bahan Plate steel SA-286 grade C
9 Jumlah 1 Buah
10 Harga
N Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol)
C3H6 42
NH3 17
N2 28
O2 32
C3H3N 53
240 Jam H2O 18

P = 1
760

= 30 OC 303 K
= 12.56 atm 184.53 psi

y = xi.k wi
1.00E+00 0.99
7.62E-05 0.01
1.00E+00

ρ (kg/m3)
490.6264
10.2301
500.8566

lb

1
1
atm
mmHg
 TANGKI PENYIMPANAN AMONIA
Fungsi : Untuk menyimpan bahan baku amonia
Kondisi Operasi :
T= 30 C 303 K
P= 14.7 psi 1 atm
Jenis : Carbon steel jenis SA 285 grade C
Tipe : Tangki Bola 10

Menentukan Kondisi Operasi

Data Vapor Pressure (Chemical Engineering Properties "Yaws")
Komponen A B C D E
NH3 37.1575 -2.03E+03 -1.16E+01 7.463E-03 -9.58E-12
H2O 29.8605 -3.15E+03 -7.30E+00 2.425E-09 1.81E-06

𝐿𝑜𝑔 �=𝐴+�/𝑇+𝐶 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑇+𝐷𝑇+𝐸𝑇^2

Bubble Point
Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam xi Po (mmHg) Po (atm)
NH3 3752.1441 89.3368 0.9770 8.70E+03 1.14E+01
H2O 37.9004 2.1056 0.0230 3.16E+01 4.16E-02
Total 3790.0445 91.4423 1.0000 8.73E+03

Menentukan Dimensi Tangki

Menentukan Densitas propilen

Data Density of liquid (Chemical Engineering Properties "Yaws")
Komponen A B n Tc (1-T/Tc)^n
NH3 0.23689 0.225471 0.2887 405.65 0.6725
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13 0.8349

Densitas Campuran = 648.8496 kg/m3

di sesuaikan dengan max di matches

Menghitung Kapasitas Tangki kapasitas per tangki =
total kapasitas = 3790.0445 kg/jam 8357.04818 lb/jam
selama 10 hari = 909610.686626 kg/10 hari 2005691.56 lb/10 hari
�=�/� tangki yg diperlukan =
volume tangki = 1401.882 m3

faktor keamanan (overdesign 20%)

volume = 1682.25856621 m3
= 59408.456588 f3
 = 14108.1306981 bbl

Tipe Tangki = Spherical Tank

Menentukan Diameter Spherical Tank

V = 4/3 .π . R3
R = (3.V/4.π)1/3
R = 7.378 m = 24.206 f
D = 14.756 m = 48.412 f

Menentukan tebal shell

p.d
t= c (persamaan 4-28 Brownell)
4. f .e
dengan : t = tebal shell, in
d = inside diameter, in
p = internal pressure, psi
f = allowable working stress, psi
c = corrosion allowance, in
Bahan yang dipilih adalah carbon steel SA 283 grade C
f= 12650 psi
c= 0.125 in range (1/4 - 1/8)
p= 164.2572 psi
d= 580.9396 in
e= 0.85 in (single welded butt joint)
t= 2.3436 in
0.0595 m
5.9528 cm

1 Fungsi Menyimpan Amonia sebanyak 3752,144 kg/jam selama ( 30 hari )

2 Jenis Tangki Bola
3 Kondisi Tekanan : 11,17 atm
4 Temperatur : 30 0C atau 303 K
5 Volume 1682.25856621 m3
6 Diameter 14.756 m3
7 Tebal Shell 2.3436 in
8 Bahan Plate steel SA-286 grade C
9 Jumlah 1 Buah
10 Harga
AMONIA Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol)
C3H6 42
NH3 17
N2 28
O2 32
C3H3N 53
hari 240 Jam H2O 18

P =

T = 30 OC 303 K
P = 11.17 atm 164.2114 psi

K y = xi.k wi
1.02E+00 1.00E+00 0.99
3.72E-03 8.57E-05 0.01
1.00E+00

ρ (gr/cm3) ρ (kg/m3)
0.6451 638.6195
1.0230 10.2301
648.8496

max di matches
2005691.564 lb

yg diperlukan = 1
= 1
m selama ( 30 hari )
 1 atm
760 mmHg
 TANGKI PENYIMPANAN AKRILONITRIL
Fungsi :
Kondisi Operasi :
T= 30 C = 303 K
P= 14.7 psi = 1 atm
Jenis : Carbon steel jenis SA 285 grade C
Tipe : Silinder tegak beratap kerucut

1. Bahan Konstruksi
Bahan konstruksi yang dipilih Carbon Stell SA-283C, dengan pertimbangan :
a. Mempunyai tekanan maksimum yang diijinkan cukup rendah (12650 psia)
b. Harganya lebih murah

Maximum Allowable Stress (f) = 12650 psi

Jenis sambungan = Double Welded Butt Joint
Efisiensi sambungan (E) = 0.8
Faktor koreksi ( C ) = 0.125 in

2. Dimensi Tangki
a. Volume tangki
Kapasitas untuk waktu tinggal = 15

• Densitas akrilonitril pada suhu : 30

Komponen (kg/jam) (kmol/jam) Xi ρ (kg/L)

C3H3N 3125.000 58.9623 0.9700 18.79770
H2O 32.8561 1.8253 0.0300 26.37905
Jumlah 3,157.8561 60.7876 1.0000

ρ Campuran = 19.0254 kg/L =

• Kebutuhan Akrilonitril
C3H3N = 3125.0000 kg/jam
= 1125000.0 kg /30hari
H2O = 32.8561 kg/jam
= 11828.19 kg 30/hari
Kebutuhan akrilonitril selama 15 hari = = 1136828.2 kg /30hari

• Menghitung volume tangki

Kebutuhan C 3 H 3 N
Vol =
Densitas C 3 H 3 N

Vol = 59753.3 liter

Faktor Keamanan = 20%
 Volume Tangki
Kapasitas Maksimal 1Tangki
Jumlah Tangki yg dibutuhkan
Volume masing-masing Tangki
= 71703.9862308 liter 71.703986
451.00449
= 541.205388587 bbl di ambil over design 20%, R
= 0.833 = 1
= 71.7039862 m3 = 71703.99

• Diameter dan tinggi tangki

Dari persamaan 3.12 Brownell untuk Closed tank
D = 8/3 H dan V = 1/4 л D2 H
Sehingga diperoleh persamaan
1/ 3
 32 V 
D =  
 3 
D = 6.2433228622 m =
H = 2.3412460733 m =

Dari App E Brownell, dipilih ukuran standart :

D = 20 ft =
H = 7 ft =
Course plate = 6 buah

• Tebal shell

P.d
ts =  C
2 f E
Dimana :
ts : Tebal shell, in
d : Diameter dalam
f : Allowable stress, psia
E : Effisiensi sambungan
C : Faktor koreksi, in
P : Internal pressure, lb/in2

H -1
P = r
144
Dimana :
ρ : Densitas air pada suhu 60 oF = 19.2407 lb/ft3
Sehingga diperoleh persamaan :

 (H - 1) 
r .d
ts =
 144   C
2f E

Tebal Shell tiap CoursePlate

No. Plate H (ft) ts (in)
 Course Hitung Standar
1 6 0.1329 0.14
2 12 0.1424 0.15
3 18 0.1519 0.16
4 24 0.1614 0.17
5 30 0.1709 0.17
6 36 0.1805 0.18

• Tinggi dan tebal head

a. Tinggi head
D
min sin  =
430 t s
 Dimana :
D/2 ts = ts pada plate course 1

Sehingga :
 D 
min  = arcsin  
 430t s 
min  = 0.338662557 rad
= 19.403935195 degree
Dipakai ;  = 20 degree
= 0.3490658504 rad
Tinggi puncak head = Hh = D/2 tan = 3.640
1.109

b. Tebal head
Persamaan yang digunakan :
Pd
th= C
2 f Esin θ
Dimana :
th : Tebal head, in
d : Diameter tanki, in
C : Faktor koreksi, in
P : Teakanan, psia
faktor keamanan : 10%
P desain = P x 1.1
= 17.64 psia
th = 0.1760 in = 0.0045 m
Dipilih ukuran standar : th = 1/6 in

1 Fungsi Menyimpan Akrilonitril 3125,000 kg/jam selama ( 30 hari )

2 Jenis Silinder Tegak
3 Kondisi Tekanan : 1 atm
 4 Temperatur : 30 0C atau 303 K
5 Volume 71.7039862 m3
6 Tinggi 2.3412390 m
7 Diameter 6.243 m
8 Tinggi Head 1.109 m
9 Tebal Shell 1/16 in
10 Bahan Carbon steel SA-285 grade C
11 Jumlah 1 Buah
12 Harga
TRIL Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol) 1. Persamaan antoine (dari coulson)
C3H6 42 komponen A
NH3 17 C3H3N 16.2481
N2 28 H2O 18.3036
O2 32
C3H3N 53 3. Kondisi Operasi bahan bubble point
H2O 18 P= 1.0000
T= 21
komponen kg/jam
C3H3N 3125.0000
H2O 32.8561
total 3157.8561

Data densitas cair masing-masing komponen

elded Butt Joint T= 303.0000
komponen A
C3H3N 0.2503
H2O 0.3471

hari

o
C

Xi.ρ (kg/L)
18.233242
0.792113
19.0254

1187.7126 lb/ft3
 m3
bbl
di ambil over design 20%, Rase & Barrow (page 208)
tangki
liter

20.483281 ft 6.243304 m
7.6812304 ft 2.341239 m

240 in 6.096 m
84 in 2.134 m
 D
min sin  =
430t s

ts = ts pada plate course 1

ft
m
aan antoine (dari coulson)
B C
2465.15 -37.15
3816.44 -46.13

i Operasi bahan bubble point

atm 760 mmhg
C 294 K
di (kgmol/jam) xi Pio Ki yi
58.9623 0.9700 7.83E+02 1.03E+00 0.999
1.8253 0.0300 1.87E+01 2.46E-02 0.001
60.7876 1.0000 8.02E+02 1.05E+00 1.00

tas cair masing-masing komponen 60 F = 288.7060 K

K P= 1.0000 atm
B n Tc ρL (kg/m3) Aspen (kg/m3)
0.2293 0.28939 535 301.1101 19.0130
0.274 0.28571 647.13 422.5516 26.5955
19.2407
 SEPARATOR (SP-01)
Fungsi : Untuk memisahkan komponen uap dan cairan yang keluar dari kondensor
Jenis : Flash Drum
Kondisi operasi : P = 0.5 atm
T = 70 C = 343

Separator (SP-01)
Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Hasil atas Hasil bawah
C3H6 625.4 625.4 -
NH3 2739.7 2739.7 -
O2 2262.900 2262.900 -
N2 19267 19267 -
C3H3N 3156.6 0 3156.6
H2O 3285.6 0.0000 3285.608
TOTAL 31337 31337

Masuk Keluar
Komponen Gas
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/jam) (kmol/jam)
C3H6 625.3573 14.8895 625.3573 14.8895
NH3 2,739.6608 161.1565 2,739.6608 161.1565
O2 2,262.9002 70.7156 2,262.9002 70.7156
N2 19267 688.1164 19267 688.116424
C3H3N 3156.6 59.5578 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 3285.6 182.5338 0.0000 0.0000
TOTAL 31,337.3515 1,176.9696 24,895.1782 934.8780

BM gas = Σ kg/jam = 26.6293 kg/kmol

Σ kmol/jam

Densitas gas (ρV) = P . BM gas

R.T
= 0.0005 kg/L = 0.0295

Komponen (kg/jam) (kmol/jam) xi ρ (kg/L)

C3H3N 3,156.5657 59.5578 0.2460 0.8100
H2O 3,285.6076 182.5338 0.7540 1.0000
TOTAL 6,442.1733 242.0916 1.0000 1.8100

Densitas cairan (ρL) = Σ (Xi . ρ)

= 0.9533 kg/L = 59.5100
 a. Faktor pemisah

Uv = wL ρV 0,5

wv ρL
= 0.0058
dari fig.51, Evans diperoleh :
kv = 0.27

b. Kecepatan gas maksimum

Uv max = kv ρL - ρV 0,5
ρV
= 12.1171

c. Minimum crosse sectional area

Wv = 15.2457 lb/s
Qv = Wv / ρV
= 516.2286 ft3/s = 30,973.716
A min = Qv / Uv max
= 42.6033 ft2

d. Diameter minimum
D min = (4 (A min) / л) 0.5
= 7.3669 ft = 88.4032
Diambil ukuran standar dengan pembulatan
D = 89 in

e. Estimasi vapour liquid nozzle :

ρ mix = 1.3257
u = (60 s/d 100) (ρ mix) 0.5
dipilih u = 80 (ρ mix) 0.5
= 92.1114 ft/sec
A = Qv / u = 5.6044 ft2

OD = 2.6720 ft = 32.0635
Hv = 36 + 0.5 Feed Nozzle OD = 52.0317
Hv min = 40 in
dipilih Hv = 52.0317 in

f. Pilih Full Surge Volume dari Tab 5-1 atau 5-2

t = 235 menit = 14083.67942
Hitung volume vessel yang dibutuhkan :
QL = 0.0663 cuft/s
VL = 933.6630 cuft
 = 26.438 m3
H = VL ( 4 / π D2 )
= 21.6224 ft = 259.4683

g. Cek geometri :
(HV + HL) / D = 3.5000
Perbandingan H/D separator 3 < L/D < 5 (syarat)
Sehingga : .
Diameter separator = 89.0000 in
Tinggi separator = 311.5000 in

h. Menghitung tebal shell

Bahan konstruksi = Carbon steel SA 283 grade C
• allowable stress (f) = 12,650 psia
• factor friksi = 0.125 in
• efisiensi sambungan = 0.8
Tekanan Perancangan = 1,1 P operasi =
jari-jari dlm separator = 45 in
Tebal shell (ts)

P . ri
ts = c
f . E - 0.6 P
= 0.1606 in
diambil tebal shell standar : (ts) = 3/16

i. Menghitung tebal head

Type : Torispherical dished head
ts = 0.855 P rc + C
f E - 0,1 P
ts = 0.1554 in
diambil tebal head standar : (th) = 3/16

1 Fungsi Memisahkan antara fase gas dengan fase cair hasil

2 Jenis Flash drum
3 Diameter 89 in
4 Tinggi 7.9121 m
5 Tebal shell 3/16 in
6 Tebal head 3/16 in
7 Volume 26.438 m3
8 Bahan SA 167 Grade 10
9 Jumlah 1
10
SP-01) Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol)
C3H6 42
NH3 17
N2 28
K O2 32
C3H3N 53
H2O 18
TOTAL 190

Kondisi operasi umpan me

Keluar maka Σ yi = Σxi*ki
Cairan Kondisi operasi : P=
Hasil atas (kg/jam) (kmol/jam) Hasil bawah (kmol/jam)
- - - -
- - - - komponen
- - - - C3H3N
- - - - H2O
- - 3156.5657 59.55784 TOTAL
- - 3285.6076 182.5338
- - 6442.1733 242.0916 Kondisi operasi umpan me
maka Σ yi = Σxi*ki
Kondisi operasi : P=

komponen
C3H3N
lb/ft3 H2O
TOTAL
xi . ρ (kg/L)
0.1993
0.7540
0.9533

lb/ft3
(Evans, Eq.5.1)

ft3/menit

in

262.7212453

in
in

s
in

2.2606 m
7.9121 m

(Brownell, P.251)

8.0850 Psia

(Brownell, P.254)

in

in
 ln Po = A - B/(T+C) ; T, K dan P, mmHg
komponen A B C BM, kg/kgmol
C3H6 6.8196 785 247 42
NH3 4.4854 926.13 240.17 17
O2 3.81634 319.01 266.697 32
N2 13.4500 658.00 -2.85 28
C3H3N 16.2481 2465.15 -37.15 53
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 18

Kondisi operasi umpan menara terjadi pada keadaan Bubble Point (titik didih), Σ yii = Σ(ki.xi) = 1
maka Σ yi = Σxi*ki
Kondisi operasi : P= 0.50 atm = 380.3618 mmHg
T= 37 °C = 310.2509 K

m (kgmol/jam) fraksi mol, xi Po ki = Po/Pt yi = xi.ki

59.5578 0.2460 1,368.6534 3.598 0.885
182.5338 0.7540 47.1816 0.152 0.115
242.0916 1.0000 1,415.8350 3.750 1.000

Kondisi operasi umpan menara terjadi pada keadaan Dew Point (titik didih), Σ yii = Σ(ki.xi) = 1
maka Σ yi = Σxi*ki
Kondisi operasi : P= 0.50 atm = 380.0000 mmHg
T= 73 °C = 346.2834 K

m (kgmol/jam) fraksi mol, yi Po ki = Po/Pt xi = yi/ki

59.5578 0.2460 3,919.4641 10.314 0.024
182.5338 0.7540 267.3701 0.772 0.977
242.0916 1.0000 4,186.8342 11.086 1.000
 KONDENSOR (CD-01)
Fungsi : Untuk mengembunkan uap yang keluar dari reaktor
Kondisi Operasi :
T= 60 C 333 K
P= 14.7 psi 1 atm

1. Triall Condensor parsial dan Separator

Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam Y

C3H6 625.3573 14.8895 0.0431
NH3 2739.6608 161.1565 0.4661
O2 2262.9002 70.7156 0.2045
N2 19267.2599 28.0000 0.0810
C3H3N 3285.6076 53.0000 0.1533
H2O 3156.5657 18.0000 0.0521
TOTAL 31337.3515 345.7616 1.0000

2. Neraca massa disekitar Condenser :

KONDENSER (CD-01)
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (Kg/jam)
C3H6 625.4 625.4
NH3 2739.7 2739.7
O2 2262.900 2262.9
N2 19267 19267.3
H2O 3156.6 3156.6
C3H3N 3285.6 3285.6
TOTAL 31337 31337

3. Perhitungan Condenser
Qc = 516,094 kkal/jam
Hot fluid
Gas keluar reaktor
Kec. hot fluid = 31337.3515 kg/jam = 69085.87192
Tekanan = 1.3 atm
Suhu masuk = 70.0 oC = 158.00
Suhu keluar = 30.0 C o
= 86.00
ta = 122.00 F
Beban panas = 516,094 kkal/jam
= 489,163 Btu/jam

Cold fluid
Water
 Kec. cold fluid = 79126.96 kg/jam = 174442.1557
Tekanan = 1.3 atm
Suhu masuk = 5 oC = 41
Suhu keluar = 25 C o
= 77
ta = 59 F
Berat molekul = 18 gram/gmol
Kapasitas panas = 0.33 kkal/kg K 1
Beban panas = 516,094 kj/jam
= 489,163 Btu/jam

hot fluid (F) cold fluid (F)

158.00 higher temp. 77
86.00 lower temp. 41
72 difference 36

LMTD = 61.25 oF
R= 2.000
S= 0.308
FT = 0.086
∆TM = Ft x LMTD = 5.27 oF

Equipment
UD antara 75 - 150 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
trial UD UD = 75.0000 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

Q
A = = 1238.26 ft2
U t
D

Dipakai tube 1 in OD, 8 BWG, L = 16 ft

a'' = 0.2618 ft2/ft
A
N = = 295.6116 buah
t a L
dipakai 296 buah ( standar )

ID = 15 1/4 inch
C' = 0.25
B= 7 5/8 inch
PT = 1 inch
pass = 2 tube

A = 1238.26 ft2
UD = 75.00000 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

cold fluid : tubes side, water hot fluid : shell side, proses vapor
Dari tabel 10 Kern
ID = 0.62 in
OD = 0.75 in
at = 0.302 in2 equivalent diam., De=
at = 2.3667 ft2 mass velocity, Gs =
mass velocity, Gt = w / at G`` = W/L/Nt^(2/3) =
Gt = 73706.44 lb/hr.ft 2
Asumsi h = ho =
V = Gt /(3600ρ) tw = ta + hio/(hio+ho
= 0.33 fps tf = (tw+Tv)/2 =
Pada ta = 59 F
μ = 0.6536 cP
= 1.5818 lb/hr.ft
Ret = 2407.4900

hi = 360 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
(fig25)
ID
h = h 
io i OD
= 297.600 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

Pressure drop
Ret = 2407 Res =
f = 0.00028 (Fig 26) f =
s= 1 Pd Tv =
fG 2 Ln ρ =
P = t
t s =
5.22  1010 Ds Ds =
= 0.0180 psi No. of crosses, N+1 =

 4n   v   62.5 
2 fG 2D  N 
s s
Δp R =  x
 
x  P =
s
 s   2g   144  5.22  1010
= 0.064 psia =
ΔP T = ΔP t  ΔP R
= 0.0820 psia

overall coefficient
h io  h o
Uc = = 161.4944 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
h io  h o

U U
R = C D
d U U
= 0.007141
C D

SUMMARY
 298 houtside 353.1137
Uc 161.4944
UD 75.0000
Rd calc 0.0071
Rd req. 0.0030
0.0820 DP calc. 0.52295148
2 DP allow. 10

1 Fungsi Mengkondensasikan gas keluar dari reaktor

2 Jenis Shell and Tube
3 Luas transfer panas 1238.26 f2
4 Rd 0.007141
5 Shell ID Shell 15 1/4 in
6 Baffle space 7 5/8 in
7 Pass 1
8 Pressure Drop 0.52295148 psi
9 Tube OD 0.62 in
10 BWG 8
11 Jumlah 296
12 Pressure drop 0.0820 psia
 Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol)
C3H6 42
NH3 17
N2 28
O2 32
C3H3N 53
H2O 18

Komponen kmol/jam Zi Ln Po = (A- ((B)/(T+C)))

A B C
C3H6 14.8895 0.0431 6.8196 785 247
NH3 161.1565 0.4661 4.4854 926.13 240.17
O2 70.7156 0.2045 3.81634 319.01 266.697
N2 28.0000 0.0810 13.4500 658.00 -2.85
C3H3N 53.0000 0.1533 16.2481 2465.15 -37.15
H2O 18.0000 0.0521 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13
TOTAL 345.7616 1.0000

lb/jam

F
F
 lb/jam

F 278 K
F 298 K

btu/lb F

difference
81.00
45.00

shell side, proses vapor

ID  C'B
as =
144  P
T
 ID  C'B
as =
144  P
T
as = 0.2019 ft2
equivalent diam., De= 0.73 in (Fig 28)
mass velocity, Gs = 342217.36 lb/hr.ft2
G`` = W/L/Nt^(2/3) = 97.2168
Asumsi h = ho = 350
tw = ta + hio/(hio+ho)*(Tv-ta) = 73.59 F
tf = (tw+Tv)/2 = 79.80 F
μ = 0.3041 cP
= 0.7359 lb/hr.ft
k = 0.1622
ρ = 33.6086 lb/ft3
s = 0.5377
Res = 28291
jH = 80 (fig 28)
1
 k  μc  3
h o = j H   
 D e  k 
ho = 353.1137 Btu/hr.ft.oF

28291
0.00024 (Fig 26)
70.00 C
33.6086 lb/ft3
0.5377376
1.2708 ft
No. of crosses, N+1 = 25
fG 2D  N  1
P = s s
s
5.22  1010 D s
e
0.52295148 psi
Kapasitas panas cair dinyatakan dengan persamaan :
CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3
Komponen A B C D
C3H3N 4.296 6.9400E-01 -2.0870E-03 2.4996E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07 0.076125 J/mol.K
0.326118 kkal/kg.K
2. Neraca Panas di kondensor
Fungsi : Mengembunkan keluaran reaktor

Kapasitas panas gas dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 + ET4
Komponen A B C D
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08
O2 29.526 -8.8999E-03 3.8083E-05 -3.2629E-08
N2 29.342 -3.5395E-03 1.0076E-05 -4.3116E-09
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04 1.8747E-08
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 1.7825E-08

Kapasitas panas cair dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3
Komponen A B C D
C3H3N 4.296 6.9400E-01 -2.0870E-03 2.4996E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07

Cp = A  BT  CT 2  DT 3  ET 4
TR
TR
 BT 2 CT 3 DT 4 ET 5 
Trefcp.dT = AT  2  3  4  5 
Tref

T= 400 0C = 673 K
TREFF = 25 C =
0
298 K

Panas masuk Kondensor :

Hasil perhitungan panas masuk kondensor:
Komponen m (kgmol/jam) ∫Cp.dT (kj/kgmol) Q.input (kJ/jam)
C3H6 14.889 33096.516 492789.267
NH3 161.157 15512.624 2499960.389
O2 70.716 11616.890 821495.755
N2 688.116 11088.165 7629948.229
C3H3N 61.993 50586.980 3136018.292
H2O 175.365 18011.722 3158621.285
TOTAL 1172.235 139912.897 17738833.217

T= 70 0C = 343 K
TREFF = 25 C =
0
298 K
Panas keluar Kondensor :
Hasil perhitungan panas keluar kondensor:
Komponen m (kgmol/jam) ∫Cp.dT (kj/kgmol) Q.input (kJ/jam)
C3H6 14.889 2775.578 41326.854
NH3 161.157 1643.005 264780.984
O2 70.716 1332.307 94214.919
N2 688.116 1309.699 901225.259
C3H3N 61.993 4261.080 264155.387
H2O 175.365 3385.131 593632.668
TOTAL 1172.235 14706.799 2159336.072

Panas Masuk (kJ/jam) Panas Keluar (kJ/jam)

Panas masuk 17738833.217 Panas keluar 2159336.072
Panas yang diambil 15579497.146
Total 17738833.217 Total 17738833.217

14190018.743 1349662.010
12840356.733
 KONDENSER (CD-01)
E Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol) Komponen
9.9730E-11 C3H6 42 C3H6
1.8569E-11 NH3 17 NH3
8.8607E-12 N2 28 O2
2.5935E-13 O2 32 N2
9.1114E-13 C3H3N 53 H2O
3.6934E-12 H2O 18 C3H3N
TOTAL

Kondensor
Komponen Q.input (kJ/jam) Q.input (kJ/jam)
C3H6 492,789.267 41,326.854
NH3 2,499,960.389 264,780.984
O2 821,495.755 94,214.919
N2 7,629,948.229 901,225.259
C3H3N 3,136,018.292 264,155.387
H2O 3,158,621.285 593,632.668
Panas yang diambil 15,579,497.146
TOTAL 17,738,833.217 17,738,833.217
Qc = 516,094 kkal/jam
NDENSER (CD-01)
Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (Kg/jam)
625.357 625.357
2,739.661 2,739.661
2,262.900 2,262.900
19,267.260 19,267.260
3,156.566 3,156.566
3,285.608 3,285.608
31,337.352 31,337.352
 KONDENSOR (CD-02)
Fungsi : Untuk Mengembunkan uap hasil atas MD
Jenis : Shell and Tubes Exchanger

1. Neraca massa disekitar Condenser :

Komponen BM Umpan masuk

kg/jam kmol/jam
C3H3N 53 3125.0000 58.9623
H2O 18 32.8561 1.8253
TOTAL 3157.8561 60.7876

2. Perhitungan Condenser
Qc = 11014.76 kkal/jam = 10439.9786 Btu/jam
Hot fluid
Uap keluar MD-02

Kec. hot fluid = 3157.8561 kg/jam = 6961.76383706 lb/jam

Tekanan = 1.32 atm
Suhu masuk = 44.3 oC = 111.69 F
Suhu keluar = 29.0 Co
= 84.21 F
ta = 97.95 F
Beban panas = 11014.76 kkal/jam
= 10439.98 Btu/jam

Cold fluid
Water
Kec. cold fluid = 3402.94 kg/jam = 7495.45283262 lb/jam
Tekanan = 1.32 atm
Suhu masuk = 25 oC = 77 F 298
Suhu keluar = 35 oC = 95 F 308
ta = 86 F
Berat molekul = 18.000 gram/gmol
Kapasitas panas = 0.32 kkal/kg F 1 btu/lb F
Beban panas = 11014.76 kkal/jam
= 10439.98 Btu/jam

hot fluid (F) cold fluid (F) difference

111.69 higher temp. 95 16.69
84.21 lower temp. 77 7.21
27 difference 18

LMTD = 11.29 oF
R= 1.094
 S= 0.519
FT = 0.84
∆TM = Ft x LMTD = 9.48 oF

Equipment
UD antara 75 - 150 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
trial UD UD = 75.0000 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

Q
A= = 14.68 ft2 2113.48 in2
U t
D

Dipakai tube 3/4 in OD, 16 BWG, L = 12 ft

a'' = 0.1963 ft2/ft
A
N = = 6.2307 buah
t a L

dipakai 2 buah ( standar )

ID = 12 inch
C' = 0.25
B= 6 inch
PT = 1 inch
pass = 2 tube
A = 14.68 ft2
UD = 75.00 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

cold fluid : tubes side, water hot fluid : shell side, proses vapor
Dari tabel 10 Kern ID  C'B
as =
ID = 0.652 in 144  P
T
OD = 0.75 in as = 0.1250 ft2
at = 0.334 in2 equivalent diam., De= 0.73 in
at = 0.002 ft2 mass velocity, Gs = 55694.11 lb/hr.ft2
mass velocity, Gt = w / at G`` = W/L/Nt^(2/3) = 365.4697
Gt = 3001479.020 lb/hr.ft2 Asumsi h = ho = 300
V = Gt /(3600ρ) tw = ta + hio/(hio+ho)*(Tv-ta) = 99.74
= 13.34 fps tf = (tw+Tv)/2 = 105.71 F
Pada ta = 86 F μ = 0.1919 cP
μ = 0.6531 cP = 0.4644 lb/hr.ft
= 1.5804 lb/hr.ft k = 0.1526
Ret = 103189.8633 ρ = 48.5852 lb/ft3
s = 0.7774
hi = 300 Btu/hr.ft2.oF Res = 7294.9467
(fig25) jH = 80
1
ID  k  μc  3
h =h  h o = j H   
io i OD
 D e  k 
 1
 k  μc  3
h o = j H   
 D e  k 
= 260.800 Btu/hr.ft2.oF ho = 290.8223 Btu/hr.ft.oF

Pressure drop
Ret = 103190 Res = 7294.9467
f = 0.00033 (Fig 26) f = 0.00022 (Fig 26)
s = 1 Pd Tv = 44.27 C
fG 2Ln ρ = 48.5852 lb/ft3
P = t
t s = 0.7774
5.22  1010 Ds Ds = 1.0000 ft
= 25.1570 psi No. of crosses, N+1 = 24
fG 2D  N  1
 4n   v   62.5 
2
s s
Δp R =   x   x   P =
s
 s   2g   144  5.22  1010 D s
e
= 0.008 psia = 0.00663463 psi
ΔP T = ΔP t  ΔP R
= 25.1650 psia

overall coefficient
h io  h o
Uc = = 137.497 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
h io  h o

U U
R = C D
= 0.0061
d U U
C D

SUMMARY

261 houtside 290.8223

Uc 137.4971
UD 75.0000
Rd calc 0.0061
Rd req. 0.0030
25.17 DP calc. 0.00663463
2 DP allow. 10
 Cp cair
komponen A B
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02

K
K
C D
-2.1103E-04 ### 0.075557 J/mol.K
0.323684 kkal/kg.K
4. Neraca Panas Menara Distilasi
Fungsi : Untuk memisahkan fase uap dan cair pada akrilonitril sebanyak 6442,173 kg/jam

Kapasitas panas gas dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 + ET4
Komponen A B C
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05
O2 29.526 -8.8999E-03 3.8083E-05
N2 29.342 -3.5395E-03 1.0076E-05
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05

Kapasitas panas cair dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3
Komponen A B C
C3H3N 4.296 6.9400E-01 -2.0870E-03
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04

Cp = A  BT  CT 2  DT 3  ET 4

TR
TR
 BT 2 CT 3 DT 4 ET 5 
Trefcp.dT =  AT  2  3  4  5 
Tref

T= 68 0C = 341
TREFF = 25 0C = 298
Panas masuk Menara Distilasi :
Hasil perhitungan panas masuk Menara Distilasi :
Komponen m (kgmol/jam) ∫Cp.dT (kj/kgmol) Q.input (kJ/jam)
C3H3N 59.558 3780.962 225185.912
H2O 182.534 1733.028 316336.191
TOTAL 242.092 541522.102

T= 44 0C = 317
TREFF = 25 0C = 298

Panas keluar Menara Distilasi sebagai hasil atas :

Hasil perhitungan panas keluar Menara Distilasi sebagai hasil atas :
Komponen m (kgmol/jam) ∫Cp.dT (kj/kgmol) Q.output (kJ/jam)
C3H3N 58.962 758.143 44701.845
H2O 1.825 758.143 1383.867
TOTAL 60.788 46085.713

T= 107 0C = 380
TREFF = 25 0C = 298

Panas keluar Menara Distilasi sebagai hasil bawah :

Hasil perhitungan panas keluar Menara Distilasi sebagai hasil bawah :
Komponen m (kgmol/jam) ∫Cp.dT (kj/kgmol) Q.output (kJ/jam)
C3H3N 0.596 7983.261 4754.658
H2O 180.708 6172.482 1115419.541
TOTAL 181.304 1120174.199

Panas Masuk (kJ/jam) Panas Keluar (kJ/jam)

Panas masuk 541522.102 Panas keluar Hasil Atas 46085.713
Panas keluar Hasil Bawah 1120174.199
Panas yang diambil -624737.810
Total 541522.102 Total 541522.102

346432.176 29482.774
716617.813
-399668.412
 Q.output (kJ/jam)
Komponen Q.input (kJ/jam)
Hasil Atas Hasil Bawah
C3H3N 225185.912 44701.845 4754.658
H2O 316336.191 1383.867 1115419.541
Panas yang diambil -624737.810
TOTAL 541522.102 541522.102
 Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol)
Komponen
C3H6 42
D E NH3 17 C3H3N
-3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11 N2 28 H2O
-7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11 O2 32
TOTAL
-3.2629E-08 8.8607E-12 C3H3N 53
-4.3116E-09 2.5935E-13 H2O 18
1.8747E-08 9.1114E-13
1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12 Komponen ΔHf (kj/mol ) ΔHf (kJ/kmol )
C3H6 53.3 53300
NH3 -46 -46000
O2 0 0
D C3H3N 184.9300 184930
2.4996E-06 H2O -241.8 -241800
5.3469E-07

1. Kondisi Operasi Umpan

Kondisi operasi umpan menara terjadi pada keadaan Bubble Point (titik di
maka Σ yi = Σxi*ki
Kondisi operasi : P= 1.32
T= 67.9768

K komponen m (kgmol/jam) fraksi mol, xi

K C3H3N 59.5578 0.2460
 H2O 182.5338 0.7540
TOTAL 242.0916 1.0000

2. Kondisi Operasi Atas

Persamaan Antoine : Ln Po = (A- ((B)/(T+C)))
Kondisi operasi atas menara terjadi pada keadaan Dew Point (titik embun)
Kondisi operasi : P= 1.32
T= 44

K komponen m (kgmol/jam) fraksi mol, yi

K C3H3N 58.96 0.9700
H2O 1.83 0.0300
TOTAL 60.79 1.0000

3. Kondisi Operasi Bawah

Kondisi operasi bawah menara terjadi pada keadaan Bubble point (titik did
maka Σ yi = Σxi*ki
11014.7619035 Kondisi operasi : P= 1.32
T= 107.2117

K komponen m (kgmol/jam) fraksi mol, xi

K C3H3N 0.5956 0.0033
H2O 180.7084 0.9967
TOTAL 181.3040 1.0000
 Keluar (kg/jam)
Masuk (kg/jam)
Hasil Atas Hasil Bawah
3156.566 3125.000 31.566
3285.608 32.856 3252.752
3157.856 3284.317
6442.173 6442.173

ln Po = A - B/(T+C) ; T, K dan P, mmHg

komponen A B C BM, kg/kgmol
C3H6 6.8196 785 247 42
NH 4.4854 926.13 240.17 17
O2 3.81634 319.01 266.697 32
N2 13.4500 658.00 -2.85 28
C3H3N 16.2481 2465.15 -37.15 53
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 18

keadaan Bubble Point (titik didih), Σ yii = Σ(ki.xi) = 1

atm = 1,003.2000 mmHg

°C = 341.1268 K

Po ki = Po/Pt yi = xi.ki
3,423.5541 3.413 0.840
 214.0852 0.213 0.161
3,637.6393 3.626 1.000

= (A- ((B)/(T+C))) Persamaan Antoine : Ln Po = (A- ((B)/(T+C)))

adaan Dew Point (titik embun), Σ Xi = Σ(yi/ki) = 1 Kondisi operasi atas menara terjadi pada keadaan Bubble Point (titik emb
atm = 1003.2000 mmHg Kondisi operasi : P= 1.32 atm =
°C = 317.4223 K T 29 °C =

Po ki = Po/Pt xi = yi/ki komponen m (kmol/jam)

fraksi mol, xi Po
1,724.2491 1.72 0.5643 C3H3N 58.96 0.97 1,033.2907
69.1287 0.07 0.4358 H2O 1.8253 0.03 29.6145
1,793.3778 1.788 1.0001 TOTAL 60.7876 1.00 1,062.9052

keadaan Bubble point (titik didih), Σ yii = Σ(ki.xi) = 1

atm = 1003.200 mmHg

°C = 380.3617 K

Po ki = Po/Pt yi = xi.ki
8,651.6623 8.6241 0.028
977.5544 0.9744 0.971
9,629.2167 9.5985 1.000
A- ((B)/(T+C)))
a keadaan Bubble Point (titik embun), Σ Xi = Σ(yi/ki) = 1
1003.2 mmHg
302 K

ki = Po/Pt yi = xi.ki
1.0300 0.999
0.0295 0.001
1.0595 1.000
 FURNACE

Fungsi : memanaskan umpan hingga mencapai suhu reaksi

Type : fired heaters (furnace firebox pipa horizontal)

Basis : 1 jam operasi

1. Data neraca bahan di furnace

Komponen kmol/jam kg/jam

C3H6 74.4473 3126.7867
NH3 220.7144 3752.1441
O2 160.0524 5121.6767
N2 688.1164 19267.2599
TOTAL 1143.3305 31267.8674

Masuk
T= 30 C = 303 K = 86 F
Komponen m (kmol/jam) Cp dT (kkal/kmol) H (kkal/jam)
C3H6 74.447 58.8405 4380.5130
NH3 220.714 36.0830 7964.0308
O2 160.052 29.4927 4720.3774
N2 688.116 29.0768 20008.2542
TOTAL 1,143.330 37073.1753

Ke luar
T= 400 C = 673 K = 752 F
Komponen m (kmol/jam) Cp dT H (kkal/jam)
C3H6 74.4473 116.6422 8,683.6952
NH3 220.7144 47.3024 10,440.3283
O2 160.0524 32.6570 5,226.8273
N2 688.1164 30.2626 20,824.1688
TOTAL 1,143.3305 45,175.0197

Beban furnace (QF) = 8101.8444 kkal/jam

= 32150.7191 Btu/jam

2. Menentukan flue gas

Asumsi : -efisiensi furnace = 75%
-tanpa udara preheater
-kelebihan udara = 25%

Net release heat (qn) = beban furnace (duty)

efisiensi furnace
 = 42867.6255 Btu/jam

Bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah fuel oil dengan :

lower heating value (LHv) = 19440.0000 Btu/jam (Perry, P.9-18)
Maka kebutuhan bahan bakar dapat dihitung :
-Kebutuhan bahan bakar = Net heat release(qn)
LHv
= 2.2051 lb/jam
= 1.0002 kg/jam

Pada 25% excess air dari fig.1-6, P.8, Evans diperoleh :

total flue gas = (lb / 10^6 Btu) * NHR
= 1040 NHR lb/10^6 Btu
= 44.5823305451 lb/jam
= 20.2222290214 kg/jam

3. Menentukan bagian radiasi

Biasanya 70% dari total beban furnace ada di bagian radiasi (Evans, P.8)
Diambil heat reflux radiasi maximum = 12500 Btu/jam ft2 (Evans, P.3)
Radiant duty (qr) = 0,7 beban furnace
= 22505.5034 Btu/jam
Crosover temperatur = suhu gas keluar - 0,7 (suhu keluar-suhu masuk)
= 285.8 F
Suhu fluida rata-rata = 1/2 (Crosover temperatur + suhu keluar)
= 518.9 F
Suhu dinding pipa rata-rata = suhu fluida rata-rata + 100 F
= 618.9000 F
Luas permukaan bagian radiasi (Art) = radiant duty (qr)
heat reflux radiasi maximum
= 1.8004 ft2

Total surface (Arc) = 2 (Art) = 3.6009 ft2

dipilih pipa dengan :
- NPS (nominal pipe size)
- OD (outside diameter)
- ID (inside diameter)
- a' (surface area)
= 2 in
= 2.4 in
= 2.067 in
= 0.622 ft2/ft

Total exposed radian length = luas permukaan bagian radiasi

surface area
= 2.8946 ft
trial furnace dengan ukuran :
lebar furnace = 10 ft
tinggi furnace = 15 ft
exposed tube length = 8 ft
 centers = 5 in
Surface per tube = exposed tube length . surface area
= 4.9760 ft2
Jumlah tube (Nt) = luas permukaan bagian radiasi
surface per tube
= 0.3618 Pipa
= 1 Pipa

Spacing ratio = centers / OD = 2.1008

Dari fig. 1-18, Evans, P.14 diperoleh α = 0.88
Dimana : α = faktor perbandingan antara tube bank dan bidang
αAcp = shield tube, cold plate area + α . wall tube, cold plate area
= 216.5333 ft2
Dimana : αAcp = cold plate area
envelope area = (2 lebar . tinggi) + (2 exposed total . (lebar + tinggi))
= 700 ft2
Radiant section area (Ar) = envelope area - αAcp
= 483.4667 ft2
Ar / αAcp = 2.2328

Volume furnace = lebar . tinggi . exposed tube length

= 1200 ft3
Mean beam length (L) = 2/3 (volume furnace)1/3
= 7.0844 ft
Pada 25% excess air dari fig.1-7, P.9, Evans diperoleh :
tekanan parsial = 0.23 atm
ρL = P . L = 1.6294 ft atm

Trial suhu firebox = 1000 F

emissivity = 0.4 (fig. 1-8, P.9, Evans)
F (exchange factor) = 0.52 (fig. 1-9, P.10, Evans)
αAcp . F = 112.5973 ft2
qr / αAcp . F = 380.7162 Btu/jam ft2

qg2 / qn = 0.42 (Fig.1-10, P.10, Evans)

dimana qg2 = heat content of gas
qr = 1 + qa + qf - qL - qg2 qn
αAcp qn qn qn qn αAcp . F
dimana :
qa = heat rate of the combustion air
qf = heat rate of the fuel
qL = heat loss from the tubes
qg2 = heat content of the gas
qn = net heat release
α = factor of comporison between a tube bank and a plans
 Acp = the cold plane area
F = radiant exchange factor
Asumsi :
qa = 0
qf = 0
qL/qn = 0.02

qr = 215.105 Btu/jam ft2

αAcp . F

Harga qr/αAcp. F pada kedua suhu firebox dimasukkan dalam fig.1-19

kemudian kedua titik dipertemukan untuk mendapatkan suhu firebox
suhu firebox = 1350 F
qg2 = 0.36 (fig.1-10, P.10, Evans)
qn
qr = 26577.9 Btu/jam
qr = 14761.9048 Btu/jam ft2
Art

Cek crossover temperature

∆H = qr = 0.3856 Btu/lb
gas masuk
crossover enthalpy = ∆H uap gas keluar - ∆H crossover temperature
= 2.2150 Btu/lb

dari fig.10, Kern, diperoleh T = 550 F

Suhu fluida rata-rata = 1/2 ( Tcrossover - Tgas keluar)
= 651 F
Suhu dinding tube = suhu fluida rata-rata + 100 F
= 751 F

4. Menentukan bagian konveksi

Convection section duty (qc) = beban furnace - qr
= 5572.7913 Btu/jam
stack heat content = qs = 1 + qa + qf - qL + qr + qc
NHR qn qn qn qn qn
= 0.23
Dari Evans, fig.1-10, P.10 diperoleh suhu gas meninggalkan
convection rata-rata = 900 F

Temperature difference :
Hot = suhu firebox - suhu crossover
= 800 F
Cold = suhu stack - suhu gas masuk
= 814 F
 LMTD = ∆t2 - ∆t1 = 378.9353 F
2,3 log (∆t2/∆t1)

Temperature rata-rata :
Udara = 318 F
dinding pipa = 418 F
gas = 696.935 F
film gas = 507.468 F

Pemilihan pipa :
tiap deret pipa = 4 pipa
OD = 2 in
spacing = 6 in
susunan = segitiga
lebar total = 6,5 spacing = 38.6750 in
lebar bebas = l tot - (OD Nt) = 29.1550 in = 2.4296 ft
luas (area) = Exp tube lenght . Lebar bebas = 19.4367 ft2

Mass velocity at minimum cross section :

G = flue gas = 0.0006 lb/ft2 s
luas

koefisien konveksi (hcc) = 4.1 Btu/jam ft2 F (fig.1-12)

koefisien radiasi (hcr) = 2.1 Btu/jam ft2 F (fig.1-13)
koefisien radiasi pada dinding (hcw) = 9.2 Btu/jam ft2 F (fig.1-14)
koefisien total = 15.4 Btu/jam ft2 F

Jarak antara 2 barisan pipa = 0,866 spacing = 0.4294 ft

Luas permukaan dinding tiap baris (Acw) = 6.8703 ft2
Luas permukaan pipa tiap baris (Act) = 6 (Acw) = 41.2216 ft2
Convection section wall radiation factor (F) :
f = hcw Acw
hcc + hcr + hcw Act

0.0996
Convection section heat transfer coeficient
hc = (1 + f ) . (hcc + hcr)
6.8173 Btu/jam ft2 F

Asumsi : hci = the calculated intube film coeficient

= 100 Btu/jam ft2 F

Overall transfer coeficient in the convection section

Uc = hci . hc = 6.3822 Btu/jam ft2 F
 hci + hc

Luas bagian konveksi (Ac)

Ac = qc = 2.3043 ft2
Uc . LMTD
Jumlah tube = 0.2880 Pipa

5. Menentukan Design Stack

Asumsi : suhu udara luar = 100 F
Draft = 1,02 in H2O/100 ft (Evans, fig.1-16)
Asumsi : pipa pada bagian atas radiation section terletak 18 ft diatas burner
Jadi draft = 1,02 in H2O . 18/100 = 0.1836 in
Asumsi : burner membutuhkan = 0.2500 in
Pada crossover section, draft = 0.0664 in
Pada seksi konveksi (G) = 0.0006 lb/ft2 s
densitas flue gas = 0.0263 lb/ft3
velocity head = pv = 0,03 G /ρ =
2
0.0000005 in H2O
friksi = pv (18 / 2) = 0.000004 in
Suhu di stack gas = 800 F
densitas stack gas = 0.0305 lb/ft3
kecepatan volume gas = flue gas = 0.4060 ft3/s
ρsg
Asumsi : kecepatan linier gas = 29.4000 ft/s
A = 0.0138 ft2
D = 0.1326 ft
= 0.0404 m (memenuhi syarat)
Diameter maksimum = 8 m (ulrich)
pv = 850.1902 in

Karena draft dalam per 100 ft maka diambil tinggi stack perhitungan 100 ft
L / (50 D) = 15.0785

Loss = (3 + L / (50 D)) . pv = 15370.1669 in

Total draft yang dibutuhkan = 15370.2333 in
Draft dari stack = 3.25 in H2O /100 ft
Tinggi stack = 47.2930 ft = 14.4149 m

Maksimum tinggi stack = 50 m (Ulrich)

Fungsi Menaikkan umpan masuk reaktor menjadi 400 0C

Jenis Box type furnace
Tekanan 1,32 atm
Ukuran pipa NPS 2 in
OD 2,4 in
ID 2,067 in
Surface area 0,622 f2 /f
Volume 1.200 f3
Tinggi stack 14,4149 m
REAKTOR Berat Molekul (Yaws, 1999):
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (Kg/jam) Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol)
C3H6 3127 625.4 C3H6 42
NH3 3752 2739.7 NH3 17
O2 5122 2262.9 N2 28
N2 19267 19267.3 O2 32
H2O 69 3285.6 C3H3N 53
C3H3N 0 3156.6 H2O 18
TOTAL 31337 31337

Kapasitas panas gas dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 + ET4
Komponen A B C D E
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11
O2 29.526 -8.8999E-03 3.8083E-05 -3.2629E-08 8.8607E-12
N2 29.342 -3.5395E-03 1.0076E-05 -4.3116E-09 2.5935E-13
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04 1.8747E-08 9.1114E-13
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12

Kapasitas panas cair dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3
Komponen A B C D
C3H3N 4.296 6.9400E-01 -2.0870E-03 2.4996E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07
 COOLER - 02

Fungsi : Mendinginkan gas yang keluar dari separator 1, dengan menggunakan pendingin air
Type : Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Beban Panas
Q = 172342.5551 kkal/jam
Hot fluid
Gas ke luar Separator 1

Kec. hot fluid = 31337.3515 kg/jam = 69085.872 lb/jam

Tekanan = 0.50 atm
Suhu masuk = 70.0 oC = 158.00 F
Suhu keluar = 50.0 oC = 122.00 F
ta = 140.00 F
Beban panas = 172342.56 kkal/jam
= 683910.58 Btu/jam

Cold fluid
Water
Kec. cold fluid = 11743.71 kg/jam = 25890.021 lb/jam
Tekanan = 0.50 atm
Suhu masuk = 5 oC = 41 F 278 K
Suhu keluar = 50 oC = 122 F 323 K
ta = 81.5 F
Berat molekul = 18 gram/gmol
Kapasitas panas = 0.076 J/mol.F 0.0327277 btu/lb F
= 0.033 btu/lb.F
Beban panas = 172342.56 kkal/jam
= 683910.58 Btu/jam

hot fluid (F) cold fluid (F) difference

158.00 higher temp. 122 36.00
122.00 lower temp. 41 81.00
36 difference 81

LMTD = 55.49 oF
R= 0.444
S= 0.692
FT = 0.09 (dari buku kern)
∆TM = Ft x LMTD = 4.99 oF

Equipment
UD antara 75 - 150 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
 trial UD UD = 125.0000 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

Q
A= = 1095.51 ft2
U t
D
Dipakai tube 3/4 in OD, 16 BWG, L = 12 ft
a'' = 0.1963 ft2/ft
A
N = = 465.0677 buah
t a L

dipakai 488 buah ( standar )

ID = 27 inch
C' = 0.25
B= 5 inch
PT = 1 inch
pass = 4 tube
A = 1095.51 ft2
UD = 125.00 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

cold fluid : tubes side, water hot fluid : shell side, proses vapor
Dari tabel 10 Kern ID  C'B
as =
ID = 0.62 in 144  P
T
OD = 0.75 in as = 0.2531 ft2
at = 0.302 in2 equivalent diam., De= 0.73 in (Fig 28)
at = 0.26 ft 2 mass velocity, Gs = 272931.84 lb/hr.ft2
mass velocity, Gt = w / at G`` = W/L/Nt^(2/3) = 92.8813
Gt = 101187.79 lb/hr.ft2 Asumsi h = ho = 300
V = Gt /(3600ρ) tw = ta + hio/(hio+ho)*(Tv-ta) = 136.19 F
= 0.45 fps tf = (tw+Tv)/2 = 147.09 F
Pada ta = 81.5 F μ = 0.0753 cP
μ = 0.4479 cP = 0.1822 lb/hr.ft
= 1.0839 lb/hr.ft k = 0.076
Ret = 4823.2962 s = 0.47
hi = 910 Btu/hr.ft2.oF Res = 91147
(fig25) jH = 180 (fig 28)
1
ID  k   μc  3
h =h  h o = j H    
io i OD
 D e  k 
= 752.267 Btu/hr.ft2.oF ho = 300.9482 Btu/hr.ft.oF

Pressure drop
Ret = 4823 Res = 91147
f = 0.00035 (Fig 26) f = 0.00016 (Fig 26)
s= 1 Pd Tv = 70.00 C
fG 2Ln
P = t
t
5.22  1010 Ds
 fG 2Ln s = 0.47
P = t
t Ds = 2.2500 ft
5.22  1010 Ds No. of crosses, N+1 = 26
= 0.0638 psi fG 2D  N  1
P = s s
 4n   v   62.5  s
5.22  1010 D s
2
Δp R =   x   x   e
 s   2g   144 
= 0.2336 psi
= 0.912 psia
ΔP T = ΔP t  ΔP R
= 0.9758 psia

overall coefficient
h io  h o
Uc = = 214.9545 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
h io  h o

U U
R = C D
d U U = 0.003348
C D

SUMMARY
752 houtside 300.9482
Uc 214.9545
UD 125.0000
Rd calc 0.0033
Rd req. 0.0030
0.9758 DP calc. 0.2336
2 DP allow. 10

Fungsi Mendinginkan umpan masuk absorber

Jenis Shell and Tube
Luas transfer panas 1095,51 f2
Rd 6 Jumlah : 356 tube Pressure drop : 1,0045 psi Harga : $ 80
Shell ID Shell 27 in
Baffle space 5 in
Pass 4 tube
Pressure Drop 0.2336
Tube OD 0,62 in
BWG 16
Jumlah 488
Pressure drop 0.9758
Harga
Kapasitas panas cair dinyatakan dengan persamaan :
CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3
Komponen A B C D
C3H3N 4.296 6.9400E-01 -2.0870E-03 2.4996E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07 0.076125
0.326118
J/mol.K
kkal/kg.K
Neraca Panas di cooler
Fungsi : Mendinginkan suhu dari 70 C menjadi 50 C

Kapasitas panas gas dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 + ET4
Komponen A B C D
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08
O2 29.526 -8.8999E-03 3.8083E-05 -3.2629E-08
N2 29.342 -3.5395E-03 1.0076E-05 -4.3116E-09
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04 1.8747E-08
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 1.7825E-08

Kapasitas panas cair dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3
Komponen A B C D
C3H3N 4.296 6.9400E-01 -2.0870E-03 2.4996E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07

Cp = A  BT  CT 2  DT 3  ET 4
TR
TR
 BT 2 CT 3 DT 4 ET 5 
Trefcp.dT =  AT  2  3  4  5 
Tref

T= 70 0C = 343 K
TREFF = 25 C =
0
298 K

Panas masuk Cooler :

Hasil perhitungan panas masuk Cooler :
Komponen m (kgmol/jam) ∫Cp.dT (kj/kgmol) Q.input (kJ/jam)
C3H6 14.889 2775.578 41326.854
NH3 161.157 1643.005 264780.984
O2 70.716 1332.307 94214.919
N2 688.116 1309.699 901225.259
C3H3N 0.000 3968.316 0.000
H2O 0.000 1815.176 0.000
TOTAL 934.878 12844.080 1301548.016

T= 50 0C = 323 K
TREFF = 25 0C = 298 K
Panas keluar Cooler :
Hasil perhitungan panas keluar Cooler :
Komponen m (kgmol/jam) ∫Cp.dT (kj/kgmol) Q.input (kJ/jam)
C3H6 14.889 1501.334 22354.060
NH3 161.157 906.588 146102.493
O2 70.716 738.511 52224.269
N2 688.116 727.202 500399.633
C3H3N 0.000 2141.114 0.000
H2O 0.000 1000.017 0.000
TOTAL 934.878 7014.766 721080.454

Panas Masuk (kJ/jam) Panas Keluar (kJ/jam)

Panas masuk 1301548.016 Panas keluar 721080.454
Panas yang diambil 580467.562
Total 1301548.016 Total 1301548.016
 Separator (SP-01)
E Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol)
9.9730E-11 C3H6 42 Komponen Masuk (kg/jam)
1.8569E-11 NH3 17 C3H6 625.4
8.8607E-12 N2 28 NH3 2739.7
2.5935E-13 O2 32 O2 2262.9
9.1114E-13 C3H3N 53 N2 19267.3
3.6934E-12 H2O 18 C3H3N 3156.6
H2O 3285.6
TOTAL 31337

Separator (SP-02)
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam)

C3H6 625.36
NH3 2739.66
O2 2262.90
N2 19267.26
C3H3N 0.00
H2O 0.00
Alkohol 268.24
TOTAL 25163.418
Qc = 172342.56 kkal/jam

Qc = 138735.23 kkal/jam
 Keluar (kg/jam)
Hasil atas Hasil bawah
625.4 -
2739.7 -
2262.9 -
19267.3 -
0.0 3156.566
0.0 3285.608
31337

Keluar (kg/jam)
Dimurnikan Purging
625.357 0.000
2739.661 0.000
- 2262.900
- 19267.260
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
268.240 -
25163.418
Neraca Panas di cooler
Fungsi : Mendinginkan produk yang keluar dari MD setelah melewati kondensor 2, dengan menggunakan pendingin air

Kapasitas panas gas dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 + ET4
Komponen A B C D
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08
O2 29.526 -8.8999E-03 3.8083E-05 -3.2629E-08
N2 29.342 -3.5395E-03 1.0076E-05 -4.3116E-09
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04 1.8747E-08
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 1.7825E-08

Kapasitas panas cair dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3
Komponen A B C D
C3H3N 4.296 6.9400E-01 -2.0870E-03 2.4996E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07

Cp = A  BT  CT 2  DT 3  ET 4
TR
TR
 BT 2 CT 3 DT 4 ET 5 
Trefcp.dT =  AT  2  3  4  5 
Tref

T= 44 0C = 317 K
TREFF = 25 C =
0
298 K

Panas masuk Cooler :

Hasil perhitungan panas masuk Cooler :
Komponen m (kgmol/jam) ∫Cp.dT (kj/kgmol) Q.input (kJ/jam)
C3H3N 58.962 1767.896 104239.173
H2O 1.825 1432.000 2613.883
TOTAL 60.788 3199.896 106853.056

T= 30 0C = 303 K
TREFF = 25 C =
0
298 K

Panas keluar Cooler :

Hasil perhitungan panas keluar Cooler :
Komponen m (kgmol/jam) ∫Cp.dT (kj/kgmol) Q.input (kJ/jam)
C3H3N 58.962 461.070 27185.712
 H2O 1.825 377.503 689.070
TOTAL 60.788 838.572 27874.782

Panas Masuk (kJ/jam) Panas Keluar (kJ/jam)

Panas masuk 106853.056 Panas keluar 27874.782
Panas yang diambil 78978.275
Total 106853.056 Total 106853.056
ggunakan pendingin air

KONDENSER (CD-02)
E Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol) Komponen Masuk (kg/jam)
9.9730E-11 C3H6 42 C3H3N 3125.000
1.8569E-11 NH3 17 H2O 32.856
8.8607E-12 N2 28 TOTAL 3157.856
2.5935E-13 O2 32
9.1114E-13 C3H3N 53
3.6934E-12 H2O 18
Qc = 6662.24 kkal/jam

Qc = 18876.28 kkal/jam
Keluar (Kg/jam)
3125.000
32.856
3157.856
 COOLER - 03

Fungsi : Mendinginkan produk yang keluar dari MD setelah melewati kondensor 2, dengan menggunakan pendingin air
Type : Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Beban Panas
Q = 6662.2401 kkal/jam
Hot fluid
Gas ke luar Condensor 2

Kec. hot fluid = 3157.8561 kg/jam = 6961.7638 lb/jam

Tekanan = 1.32 atm
Suhu masuk = 44.0 oC = 111.20 F
Suhu keluar = 30.0 oC = 86.00 F
ta = 98.60 F
Beban panas = 6662.24 kkal/jam
= 26437.91 Btu/jam

Cold fluid
Water
Kec. cold fluid = 1361.93 kg/jam = 3002.4889 lb/jam
Tekanan = 1.00 atm
Suhu masuk = 5 oC = 41 F 278 K
Suhu keluar = 20 oC = 68 F 293 K
ta = 54.5 F
Berat molekul = 18 gram/gmol
Kapasitas panas = 0.076 J/mol.F 0.0327 btu/lb F
= 0.033 btu/lb.F
Beban panas = 6662.24 kkal/jam
= 26437.91 Btu/jam

hot fluid (F) cold fluid (F) difference

111.20 higher temp. 68 43.20
86.00 lower temp. 41 45.00
25 difference 27

LMTD = 44.09 oF
R= 0.933
S= 0.385
FT = 0.01 (dari buku kern)
∆TM = Ft x LMTD = 0.44 oF

Equipment
UD antara 75 - 150 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
 trial UD UD = 120.0000 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

Q
A= = 499.65 ft2
U t
D
Dipakai tube 3/4 in OD, 16 BWG, L = 12 ft
a'' = 0.1963 ft2/ft
A
N = = 212.1124 buah
t a L

dipakai 226 buah ( standar )

ID = 19 1/4 inch
C' = 0.25
B= 4 inch
PT = 1 inch
pass = 4 tube
A = 499.65 ft2
UD = 120.00 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

cold fluid : tubes side, water hot fluid : shell side, proses vapor
Dari tabel 10 Kern ID  C'B
as =
ID = 0.62 in 144  P
T
OD = 0.75 in as = 0.1287 ft2
at = 0.302 in2 equivalent diam., De= 0.73 in (Fig 28)
at = 0.12 ft 2 mass velocity, Gs = 54106.61 lb/hr.ft2
mass velocity, Gt = w / at G`` = W/L/Nt^(2/3) = 15.6362
Gt = 25338.94 lb/hr.ft2 Asumsi h = ho = 300
V = Gt /(3600ρ) tw = ta + hio/(hio+ho)*(Tv-ta) = 95.03 F
= 0.11 fps tf = (tw+Tv)/2 = 103.12 F
Pada ta = 54.5 F μ = 0.0753 cP
μ = 0.4479 cP = 0.1822 lb/hr.ft
= 1.0839 lb/hr.ft k = 0.076
Ret = 1207.8259 s = 0.47
hi = 910 Btu/hr.ft2.oF Res = 18069
(fig25) jH = 180 (fig 28)
1
ID  k   μc  3
h =h  h o = j H    
io i OD
 D e  k 
= 752.267 Btu/hr.ft2.oF ho = 300.9482 Btu/hr.ft.oF

Pressure drop
Ret = 1208 Res = 18069
f = 0.00035 (Fig 26) f = 0.00016 (Fig 26)
s= 1 Pd Tv = 44.00 C
fG 2Ln
P = t
t
5.22  1010 Ds
 fG 2Ln s = 0.47
P = t
t Ds = 1.6042 ft
5.22  1010 Ds No. of crosses, N+1 = 37
= 0.0040 psi fG 2D  N  1
P = s s
 4n   v   62.5  s
5.22  1010 D s
2
Δp R =   x   x   e
 s   2g   144 
= 0.0093 psi
= 0.912 psia
ΔP T = ΔP t  ΔP R
= 0.9160 psia

overall coefficient
h io  h o
Uc = = 214.9545 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
h io  h o

U U
R = C D
d U U = 0.003681
C D

SUMMARY
752 houtside 300.9482
Uc 214.9545
UD 120.0000
Rd calc 0.0037
Rd req. 0.0030
0.9160 DP calc. 0.0093
2 DP allow. 10

Fungsi Mendinginkan produk keluaran MD-01 hasil atas setelah melewati kondensor (C
Jenis Shell and Tube
Luas transfer panas 499,65 FT2
Rd 0.003681
Shell ID Shell 19 1/4 in
Baffle space 4 in
Pass 4 tube
Pressure Drop 0.0093
Tube OD 0,62 in
BWG 16
Jumlah 226
Pressure drop 0.9160
Harga
menggunakan pendingin air Kapasitas panas cair dinyatakan dengan persamaan :
CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3
Komponen A B C D
C3H3N 4.296 6.9400E-01 -2.0870E-03 2.4996E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07 0.076125
0.326118
setelah melewati kondensor (CD-02)
J/mol.F
kkal/kg.K
Neraca Panas di cooler
Fungsi : Mendinginkan produk yang keluar dari MD setelah melewati reboiler untuk dibuang ke UPL, dengan menggunakan pe

Kapasitas panas gas dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 + ET4
Komponen A B C D
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08
O2 29.526 -8.8999E-03 3.8083E-05 -3.2629E-08
N2 29.342 -3.5395E-03 1.0076E-05 -4.3116E-09
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04 1.8747E-08
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 1.7825E-08

Kapasitas panas cair dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3
Komponen A B C D
C3H3N 4.296 6.9400E-01 -2.0870E-03 2.4996E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07

Cp = A  BT  CT 2  DT 3  ET 4
TR
TR
 BT 2 CT 3 DT 4 ET 5 
Trefcp.dT =  AT  2  3  4  5 
Tref

T= 107 0C = 380 K
TREFF = 25 C =
0
298 K

Panas masuk Cooler :

Hasil perhitungan panas masuk Cooler :
Komponen m (kgmol/jam) ∫Cp.dT (kj/kgmol) Q.input (kJ/jam)
C3H3N 0.596 7983.261 4754.658
H2O 180.708 6172.482 1115419.541
TOTAL 181.304 14155.743 1120174.199

T= 30 0C = 303 K
TREFF = 25 C =
0
298 K

Panas keluar Cooler :

Hasil perhitungan panas keluar Cooler :
Komponen m (kgmol/jam) ∫Cp.dT (kj/kgmol) Q.input (kJ/jam)
C3H3N 0.596 461.070 274.603
 H2O 180.708 377.503 68217.935
TOTAL 181.304 838.572 68492.538

Panas Masuk (kJ/jam) Panas Keluar (kJ/jam)

Panas masuk 1120174.199 Panas keluar 68492.538
Panas yang diambil 1051681.661
Total 1120174.199 Total 1120174.199
UPL, dengan menggunakan pendingin air

MENARA DISTILASI 1
E Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol)
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam)
9.9730E-11 C3H6 42
1.8569E-11 NH3 17 C3H3N 3156.6
8.8607E-12 N2 28 H2O 3285.6
2.5935E-13 O2 32
TOTAL
9.1114E-13 C3H3N 53 6442.173
3.6934E-12 H2O 18
Qc = 16370.13 kkal/jam

Qc = 251358.23 kkal/jam
 Keluar (kg/jam)
Hasil Atas Hasil Bawah
3125.000 31.566
32.856 3252.752
3157.856 3284.317
6442.173
 COOLER - 04

Fungsi : Mendinginkan produk yang keluar dari MD setelah melewati reboiler untuk dibuang ke UPL, dengan menggunakan
Type : Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Beban Panas
Q = 16370.1275 kkal/jam
Hot fluid
Gas ke luar Condensor 2

Kec. hot fluid = 3284.3172 kg/jam = 7240.5583 lb/jam

Tekanan = 1.32 atm
Suhu masuk = 107 oC = 224.60 F
Suhu keluar = 30 oC = 86.00 F
ta = 155.30 F
Beban panas = 16370.13 kkal/jam
= 64961.92 Btu/jam

Cold fluid
Water
Kec. cold fluid = 2007.88 kg/jam = 4426.5406 lb/jam
Tekanan = 1 atm
Suhu masuk = 5 oC = 41 F 278 K
Suhu keluar = 30 oC = 86 F 303 K
ta = 63.5 F
Berat molekul = 18 gram/gmol
Kapasitas panas = 0.076 J/mol.F 0.0327 btu/lb F
= 0.033 btu/lb.F
Beban panas = 16370.13 kkal/jam
= 64961.92 Btu/jam

hot fluid (F) cold fluid (F) difference

224.60 higher temp. 86 138.60
86.00 lower temp. 41 45.00
139 difference 45

LMTD = 83.21 oF
R= 3.080
S= 0.245
FT = 0.01 (dari buku kern)
∆TM = Ft x LMTD = 0.83 oF

Equipment
UD antara 75 - 150 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
 trial UD UD = 118.1439 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

Q
A= = 660.84 ft2
U t
D
Dipakai tube 3/4 in OD, 16 BWG, L = 12 ft
a'' = 0.1963 ft2/ft
A
N = = 280.5404 buah
t a L

dipakai 300 buah ( standar )

ID = 29 inch
C' = 0.25
B= 6 inch
PT = 1 inch
pass = 4 tube
A = 660.84 ft2
UD = 118.14 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

cold fluid : tubes side, water hot fluid : shell side, proses vapor
Dari tabel 10 Kern ID  C ' B
as =
ID = 0.62 in 144  PT
OD = 0.75 in as = 0.2920 ft2
at = 0.302 in2 equivalent diam., De= 0.73 in (Fig 28)
at = 0.16 ft 2 mass velocity, Gs = 24795.25 lb/hr.ft2
mass velocity, Gt = w / at G`` = W/L/Nt^(2/3) = 13.4641
Gt = 28142.24 lb/hr.ft2 Asumsi h = ho = 300
V = Gt /(3600ρ) tw = ta + hio/(hio+ho)*(Tv-ta) = 178.67 F
= 0.13 fps tf = (tw+Tv)/2 = 201.64 F
Pada ta = 63.5 F μ = 0.0753 cP
μ = 0.4479 cP = 0.1822 lb/hr.ft
= 1.0839 lb/hr.ft k = 0.076
Ret = 1341.4502 s = 0.47
hi = 910 Btu/hr.ft2.oF Res = 8280
(fig25) jH = 180 (fig 28)
1
ID  k   μc  3
h =h  h o = j H    
io i OD
 D e  k 
= 752.267 Btu/hr.ft2.oF ho = 300.9482 Btu/hr.ft.oF

Pressure drop
Ret = 1341 Res = 8280
f = 0.00035 (Fig 26) f = 0.00016 (Fig 26)
s= 1 Pd Tv = 107 C
fG 2Ln
P = t
t
5.22  1010 Ds
 fG 2Ln s = 0.47
P = t
t Ds = 2.4167 ft
5.22  1010 Ds No. of crosses, N+1 = 24
= 0.0049 psi fG 2D  N  1
P = s s
 4n   v   62.5  s
5.22  1010 D s
2
Δp R =   x   x   e
 s   2g   144 
= 0.0019 psi
= 0.912 psia
ΔP T = ΔP t  ΔP R
= 0.9169 psia

overall coefficient
h io  h o
Uc = = 214.9545 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
h io  h o

U U
R = C D
d U U = 0.003812
C D

SUMMARY
752.267 houtside 300.9482
Uc 214.9545
UD 118.1439
Rd calc 0.0038
Rd req. 0.0030
0.9169 DP calc. 0.0019
2 DP allow. 10

Fungsi Mendinginkan keluaran hasil bawah MD-01

Jenis Shell and Tube
Luas transfer panas 660,84 FT2
Rd 0.003812
Shell ID Shell 29 in
Baffle spac6 in
Pass 4 tube
Pressure Drop 0.0019
Tube OD 0,62 in
BWG 16
Jumlah buah ( standar ) 300
Pressure drop 0.9169
Harga
ng ke UPL, dengan menggunakan pendingin air
Kapasitas panas cair dinyatakan dengan persamaan :
CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3
Komponen A B C D
C3H3N 4.296 6.9400E-01 -2.0870E-03 2.4996E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07 0.076125
0.326118
awah MD-01
J/mol.K
kkal/kg.K
 REBOILER
Fungsi : Untuk menguapkan cairan yang keluar dari MD sebagai hasil bawah
Jenis : Kettle Reboiler

Beban Panas
Qr = 3,906,741 kj/jam = 3702875.592666 btu/jam

Cold fluid
suhu masuk = 107.21 oC = 225 F
suhu keluar = 107.88 C o
= 226 F
ta = 225.58 F
jumlah cairan = 3284.317 kg/jam = 7240.558 lb/jam
tekanan = 1.32 atm
Steam
suhu masuk = 302.92 oC = 577.26 F
suhu keluar = 302.92 C o
= 577.26 F
Tv = 577.26 F
P= 1.32 atm = 19.40 psi

λ= 907.9 btu/lb (kern, Tabel 7)

jumlah steam yang dibutuhkan = 4078.5060 lb/jam
1850.0103 kg/jam

hot fluid cold fluid difference

577.26 higher temp. 226.18 351.08
577.26 lower temp. 224.98 352.28
difference 1.20

LMTD = 351.68 oF
Dt =LMTD = 351.68 F

UD UD diantara 100 - 200 btu/j/ft2/F

UD = 150

A = Q/dT/UD = 70.1947 ft2

Dipakai tube 3/4 in OD, 16 BWG
L= 16 ft
at = 0.1963 ft2
Nt = A/L/at = 22.3493 buah

Spesifikasi alat
Tube Shell
Nt = 106 IDs = 13 1/4
 L= 16 ft B= 2 2/3
OD = 0.75 in n= 1
ID = 0.62 in
BWG = 16
PT = 1 in
n= 2
c= 0.25 in

Tube (steam) Shell (cairan dingin)

at` = 0.1963 ft2 Asumsi ho = 300

at =Nt*at`/144.n = 0.072 ft2 tw = ta + hio/(hio+ho)*(Tv-ta)
Gt = W/at = 20776.90 lb/ft2 jam = 518.64 F
D = 0.0517 ft (∆t)w = 293.06 F
μ = 0.200 lb/ft jam ho = (Fig 15.11)
pada Ta = 577.26 F ID S  C'B
aS =
= 576.07 K 144  PT
= 0.061
hio untuk steam = W
GS =
Ret = D.Gt / μ = 5379.13 aS
= 118777.12
untuk steam diambil : De = 0.73 in
hio = 1500 Btu/jam ft2 F 0.061 ft

Pressure drop
Ret = 5379.13 Negligible
f = 0.00015 (Fig 29)
spesific volume = 0.932
s = 0.015

2
f G L n
t
P =
t 10
5,22  10  D  s  
= 0.0515 psi

 4n   v   62.5 
2
Δp R =   x   x  
 s   2g   144 
dgn (V^2)/2g' = 0.001
 PR = 0.2328 psia

ΔP T = ΔP t  ΔP R
= 0.2844 psia
overall coefficient

h h
io o
Uc = = 250.00
h io  h o

U U
R = C D = 0.00267
d U U
C D

SUMMARY

1500 houtside 300

UC 250.00
UD 150.00
Rd calc. 0.00267
Rd required 0.003
0.284 Calc dP Neg
1 Allow. dP Neg

Fungsi Untuk menguapkan cairan yang keluar dari MD-01 ( sebagai

Jenis Shell and Tube
Luas transfer panas 70,19 f2
Rd 0.002667
Shell ID Shell 13,25 in
Baffle space 2,65 in
Pass 1

Tube OD 0.75
BWG 16
Pressure drop 0.2844
tube 106
Data Viscosity
Komponen A B C D xi Vis (cp)
C3H3N -6.3470 8.1502E-02 1.5664E-02 -1.7275E-05 0.0033 0.0009
H2O -10.2158 1792.5 1.7730E-02 -1.2631E-05 0.9967 0.0828
1.0000 0.0836
uar dari MD-01 ( sebagai hasil bawah
 Ln Po = (A- ((B)/(T+C)))
komponen BM
A B C
C3H3N 53.0000 16.2481 2465.15 -37.15
H2O 18.0000 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13

1. Kondisi Operasi Atas

a Persamaan Antoine : Ln Po = (A- ((B)/(T+C)))
Kondisi operasi atas menara terjadi pada keadaan Dew Point (titik embun), Σ Xi = Σ(yi/ki) = 1
Kondisi operasi : P= 1.32 atm = 1003.2000 mmHg
T= 44 °C = 317 K

komponen m (kmol/jam) fraksi mol, yi Po ki = Po/Pt xi = yi/ki

C3H3N 58.96 0.97 1,724.1341 1.7186 0.56
H2O 1.8253 0.03 69.1211 0.0689 0.44
TOTAL 60.7876 1.00 1,793.2552 1.7875 1.000

b Persamaan Antoine : Ln Po = (A- ((B)/(T+C)))

Kondisi operasi atas menara terjadi pada keadaan Bubble Point (titik embun), Σ Xi = Σ(yi/ki) = 1
Kondisi operasi : P= 1.32 atm = 1003.2 mmHg
T= 29 °C = 302 K

komponen m (kmol/jam) fraksi mol, xi Po ki = Po/Pt yi = xi.ki

C3H3N 58.9622641509 0.97 1,033.2907 1.0300 0.999
H2O 1.8253 0.03 29.6145 0.0295 0.001
TOTAL 60.7876 1.00 1,062.9052 1.0595 1.000

2. Kondisi Operasi Bawah

a Kondisi operasi bawah menara terjadi pada keadaan Dew point (titik didih), Σ yii = Σ(ki.xi) = 1
maka Σ yi = Σxi*ki
Kondisi operasi : P= 1.32 atm = 1003.200 mmHg
T= 107.876 °C = 381 K

komponen m (kmol/jam) fraksi mol, yi Po ki = Po/Pt xi = yi/ki

C3H3N 0.5955784258 0.0033 8,772.5654 8.7446 0.00038
H2O 180.7084 0.9967 999.9525 0.9968 0.99995
TOTAL 181.3040 1.0000 9,772.5179 9.7413 1.000

b Kondisi operasi bawah menara terjadi pada keadaan Bubble point (titik didih), Σ yii = Σ(ki.xi) = 1
maka Σ yi = Σxi*ki
Kondisi operasi : P= 1.32 atm = 1003.200 mmHg
T= 107.212 °C = 380 K
 komponen m (kmol/jam) fraksi mol, xi Po ki = Po/Pt yi = xi.ki
C3H3N 0.5955784258 0.0033 8,651.6342 8.6240 0.028
H2O 180.7084 0.9967 977.5492 0.9744 0.971
TOTAL 181.3040 1.0000 9,629.1834 9.5985 1.000

Neraca panas disekitar kolom distilasi 1 :

H11 + Qr = Qc + H14 +H 15
H12 = H 13 + H 14 + Qc

3. Hi (panas sebelum masuk kondensor)

T= 317.4202 K 302.0036 K
komponen xi Cpg, kj/kmol Hvap, kj/kmol Hi, kj/kmol
C3H3N 0.9700 1,317.2374 32350.3007 32656.56517
H2O 0.0300 616.2559 41921.5965 1277.331863
TOTAL 1.0000 1,933.4933 74271.8972 33933.89703

4. Hr/Ho (panas keluar dari condensor)

T= 302.0036 K Tref = 298 K
Komponen yi Cp, kj/kmol.K Cp, kj/kmol Hr/Ho
C3H3N 0.9700 109.3378 437.74 424.60
H2O 0.0300 75.4676 302.14 9.07
TOTAL 1.0000 184.8054 739.88 433.67

Hi = Hr + Ho + Qc
Qc = Hi - Hr - Ho
HG1 = 33933.8970 kj/kmol
Hlo/HD = 433.6686 kj/kmol
V= 136.7721 kmol/jam
L= 75.9845 kmol/jam
D= 60.7876 kmol/jam
R= 1.2500

Qc = 4,581,896.7239 kj/jam

5. Menghitung kebutuhan pendingin

Sebagai pendingin digunakan air
t1 = 30.0000 °C = 303.000 K
t2 = 50.0000 °C = 323.000 K
Cp air = 4.1976 kj/kg.K
Kebutuhan pendingin = Q / ( Cp (t2-t1))
= 54,577.7820 kg/jam

6. Menghitung Beban Panas Reboiler

HF + Qr = Qc + HD +HB
Qr = Qc + HD + HB - HF
1. HF (panas pada umpan)
T= 341.1042 K
komponen xf Cp, kj/kmol HF, kj/kmol
C3H3N 0.2460 29,471.0327 7,250.2768
H2O 0.7540 6,034.5433 4,549.9632
TOTAL 1.0000 35,505.5761 11,800.2400

2. HB (panas pada bottom)

T= 380.3615 K
komponen xb Cp, kj/kmol HF, kj/kmol
C3H3N 0.0033 9,534.5714 31.3208
H2O 0.9967 6,199.8665 6,179.5002
TOTAL 1.0000 15,734.4380 6,210.8210

Qr = Qc + D*HD + B*HB - F*HF

HF 11,800.2400 kj/kmol
HD 433.6686 kj/kmol
HB 6,210.8210 kj/kmol
F 154.8752 kmol/j
D 60.7876 kmol/j
B 181.3040 kmol/j

Qr = 3,906,741.0615 kj/jam

Menghitung kebutuhan steam reboiler

Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam dengan kondisi :
T = 302.92 °F 423.511 K →selisih dengan dew point =
Hfg = 907.9 Btu/lb (Kern, Tabel.7)
= 2111.8 kj/kg
Jumlah pemanas = Q / Hfg
= 1,849.9794 kg/jam

Neraca Panas MD01

masuk keluar
F*HF + Qr = Qc + D*HD +B*HB
5734305.0757 5734305.0757
Data panas penguapan Kapasitas panas gas dinyatakan denga
Hvap = A (1-T/Tc)^n,kjoule/mol CP = A + B T + C T 2 + D T3 + ET4
komponen A Tc n Komponen
C3H3N 41.357 535.00 0.273 C3H6
H2O 52.053 647.13 0.321 NH3
O2
N2
C3H3N
H2O

Data Cp cair masing-masing komponen

Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3, j/mol K
komponen
C3H3N
H2O
engan dew point = 42.4850 K
pasitas panas gas dinyatakan dengan persamaan :
= A + B T + C T2 + D T3 + ET4
A B C D E
21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11
33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11
29.526 -8.8999E-03 3.8083E-05 -3.2629E-08 8.8607E-12
29.342 -3.5395E-03 1.0076E-05 -4.3116E-09 2.5935E-13
18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04 1.8747E-08 9.1114E-13
33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12

ta Cp cair masing-masing komponen

= A + BT + CT2 + DT3, j/mol K
A B C D
33.362 5.8644E-01 -1.8625E-03 2.4956E-06
92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07
 ACCUMULATOR
Fungsi : sebagai penampung arus keluaran kondensor pada menara distilasi untuk
menjaga kontinuitas dan kestabilan aliran keluar
Type : Tangki silinder horizontal

1. Menghitung volume tangki

a. Kecepatan aliran massa
Komponen Laju alir Laju alir Densitas Densitas
W (kg/jam) W (lb/jam) ρ (kg/m ) ρ (lb/ft3)
3

C3H3N 3,125.0000 6,889.4375 810.00 50.5675

H2O 32.8561 72.4352 1000.00 62.4291

Asumsi :
kapasitas waktu tinggal 5 menit : 2.0000 jam (Treybal, 1966)

b. Kapasitas dan volume masing-masing komponen dalam 5 menit

volume Acrylonitrile = 272.4846 ft3
volume air = 2.3206 ft3
volume tangki = 274.8051 ft3 7.7816018 m3

c. Volume tangki
dianggap tangki berisi 80% cairan, maka :
volume tangki = 343.5064 ft3 9.727002 m3

2. Menentukan diameter dan panjang tangki

Berdasarkan Brownell,Persm 5.4, P.81, maka digunakan tangki berbentuk silinder dengan
perbandingan L/D = 6
D = V 1/3
(6/4 phi + phi/12)

= 4.1034 ft = 1.2507 m = 49.2408 in

L = 24.6204 ft = 7.5043 m = 295.4451 in

3. Menghitung tebal shell

Sebagai bahan tangki digunakan plate steel SA.283 Grade C, dengan spasifikasi :
f = 12650 (Tabel 13.1, P.251, Brownell)
E = 0.8
C = 0.125

P . ri
t shell = c (Persm 13.1, P.254, Brownell)
f . E - 0.6 P
P = 1.32 atm
faktor keamanan 10%, maka P design = 21.3444 psi
ri = 2.0517 ft = 24.6204 in
t shell = 0.1770 in
 dipakai tebal shell (ts) standar = 3/16 in

4. Menghitung tebal head

0.885 P . ri
th = c
f . E - 0.1 P

OD = ID + 2ts
= 49.5948 in
dari tabel 5.7 digunakan OD = 54 in
icr = 3 1/4 in
r = 54 in
th = 0.1710 in
dipakai tebal head standar (th) = 3/16 in

5. Menghitung tinggi head

a = IDs/2 = 24.6204 in
AB = a - icr = 21 3/8 in
BC = r - icr = 50 3/4 in (Brownell, P.87)
AC = (BC2 - AB2)1/2 = 46.0312 in
b = r - AC = 7.9688 in
Dari tabel 5.6 Brownell hal.88 dengan th 3/16 in didapat sf = 1 1/2 - 2 in
perancangan digunakan sf = 2 in
Hh = th + b + sf
= 10.1398 in 0.2576 m

6. Menentukan panjang tangki total

panjang tangki total = L + 2 Hh
= 315.7247 in
= 8.0194 m

Fungsi Menampung condensate yang berasal dari (CD-02)

Jenis Tangki silinder horizontal
Jumlah 1 buah
Volume 7.78160182 m3
Ukuran Diameter 1.2507 m
Tinggi 7.5043 m
Tebal Shell 3/ 16 in
Tinggi Head 0.2576 m
Panjang total 8.0194 m
Bahan kontruksi Plate Steel SA 283 Grade C
Neraca Panas Kompresor 01

Fungsi : untuk menaikkan tekanan gas dari 1 atm menjadi 12,56 atm
Tujuan :
a. Menentukan jumlah stage
b. Menghitung jumlah pendingin intercooler

Q1 cp-01

Menentukan jumlah stage

P1 = 1 atm T1 =
P2 = 12.5600 atm
n =2
Menentukan jumlah stage :
Rc = (P2/P1)1/n Syarat Rc < 4 untuk kompressor sentrifugal
= (12,56/1)1/3
= 3.5440090293

Menghitung jumlah stage

A. Menghitung kecepatan volumetrik gas masuk kompresor

Rumus yang dipakai :

Tr = T Pr = P
Tc Pc

Tc = suhu kritis (K)

Pc = tekanan kritis,atm

komponen Tc (K) Pc (atm) Tr (K)

C3H6 364.76 46.13 0.8307
H2O 647.13 220.55 0.4682

Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam lb/jam

C3H6 3126.787 74.4473032 6894.5648
H2O 31.584 1.75465024 69.6421
TOTAL 3158.370 76.2020 6964.2068
Bm campuran = SBm x xi
= 60

Tc campuran = ΣTc x Σxi

= 371.2619407895 K

Pc campuran = ΣPc x Σxi

= 50.14625 atm

Dari fig 3.6 Coulson didapat:

v = (jumlah mol*22.4*T/273)
(3600*P)
v= 0.5262 m3/s
Ep = 0.73

Kapasitas panas gas dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 + ET4
Komponen A B C
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05
O2 29.526 -8.8999E-03 3.8083E-05
N2 29.342 -3.5395E-03 1.0076E-05
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05

Dari neraca panas didapat

Cp = 58.4010 KJ/Kmol.K
13.9488 Kcal/kmol.K
g= 1.0552
m= 0.0717
n= 1 / 1-m
= 1.0772

Kompresor stage 1

T1 = 303 K
P1 = 1 atm
P2 = P1 x Rc
= 3.5440 atm

T2 = T1 (Rc)m
 = 331.7693 K

Menghitung Power stage 1

W= ZxRxT x (n / n-1) x [(P2/P1)(n-1)/n-1]

Bm camp
Z untuk gas = 1
W = 55.6066 kj/kmol

Kerja actual kompresor

umpan masuk kompresor = 76.2020 kmol/jam

Tenaga kompresor = (W/Ep) x kmol/jam

3600 detik
= 1.6124 kj/detik
= 1.6124 KW
= 2.1922 Hp

Kompresor stage 2

T2 = 331.7693 K
P2 = 3.544 atm

komponen Tc (K) Pc (atm) Tr (K)

C3H6 364.76 46.13 0.8307
H2O 647.13 220.55 0.4682

Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam lb/jam

C3H6 3126.787 74.4473032 6894.5648
H2O 31.584 1.75465024 69.6421
TOTAL 3158.3704 76.2020 6964.2068

Dari fig 3.6 Coulson didapat:

v = (jumlah mol*22.4*T/273)
(3600*P)
v = 0.1626 m3/s
Ep = 0.6900
Bm = 41.4474
Tc = 371.2619 K
Pc = 50.1463 atm
Cp = 13.9488 Kcal/kmol.K
g= 1.0520
m= 0.0717
 n= 1 /1-m
= 1.0772

T2 = 331.7693 K
P2 = 3.5440 atm
P3 = P1 x Rc
= 12.5600 atm

T3 = T1 (Rc)m
= 363.2702 K

Menghitung Power stage 2

-W= ZxRxT x (n / n-1) x [(P2/P1)(n-1)/n-1]

Bm camp
Z untuk gas = 1
= 88.1402 kj/kmol

Kerja actual kompresor

umpan masuk kompresor = 76.2020 kmol/jam

Tenaga kompresor = (-W/Ep) x 57.35 kmol/jam

3600 detik
= 0.0307 kj/detik
= 0.0307 KW
= 0.0411 Hp

Total tenaga kompresor = 2.2334 Hp

Spesifikasi kompresor 01
jenis Sentrifugal multi stage
jumlah stage 2
P masuk 1 atm
P keluar 12.5600 atm
T masuk 303 K
T keluar 363.2702 K
Power 2.2334 Hp
 Berat Molekul (Yaws, 1999):
Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol)
C3H6 42
NH3 17
N2 28
O2 32
C3H3N 53
H2O 18
Q1'

303 K

Rc = Ratio of compression
mpressor sentrifugal Ep = Polytropic Effisiensi

ii

Pr (atm)
0.0217
0.0045

Bm lbmol/jam xi
42 164.1563 0.9770
18 3.8690 0.0230
60 168.0253 1.0000
 D E Cp
-3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11 58.840
-7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11 36.083
-3.2629E-08 8.8607E-12 29.493
-4.3116E-09 2.5935E-13 29.077
1.8747E-08 9.1114E-13 83.759
1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12 39.756
Pr (atm)
0.0217
0.0045

Bm lbmol/jam xi
42 164.1563 0.9770
18 3.8690 0.0230
60 168.0253 1.0000
Neraca Panas Kompresor 02

Fungsi : untuk menaikkan tekanan gas dari 1 atm menjadi 11,17 atm
Tujuan :
a. Menentukan jumlah stage
b. Menghitung jumlah pendingin intercooler

Q1 cp-02 Q1'

Menentukan jumlah stage

P1 = 1 atm T1 = 303
P2 = 11.1700 atm
n =2
Menentukan jumlah stage :
Rc = (P2/P1)1/n Syarat Rc < 4 untuk kompressor sentrifugal
= (4.9346/1.2)1/3
= 3.3421549934 ii

Menghitung jumlah stage

A. Menghitung kecepatan volumetrik gas masuk kompresor

Rumus yang dipakai :

Tr = T Pr = P
Tc Pc

Tc = suhu kritis (K)

Pc = tekanan kritis,atm

komponen Tc (K) Pc (atm) Tr (K) Pr (atm)

NH3 405.65 112.78 0.7469 0.0089
H2O 647.13 220.55 0.4682 0.0045

Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam lb/jam Bm

NH3 3752.144 220.7143578 8273.4777 17
H2O 37.900 2.105580293 83.5705 18
TOTAL 3790.045 222.8199 8357.0482 35
Bm campuran = SBm x xi
= 35

Tc campuran = ΣTc x Σxi

= 407.93191217 K

Pc campuran = ΣPc x Σxi

= 113.79839355 atm

Dari fig 3.6 Coulson didapat:

v = (jumlah mol*22.4*T/273)
(3600*P)
v= 1.5388 m3/s
Ep = 0.73

Kapasitas panas gas dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 + ET4
Komponen A B C D
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08
O2 29.526 -8.8999E-03 3.8083E-05 -3.2629E-08
N2 29.342 -3.5395E-03 1.0076E-05 -4.3116E-09
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04 1.8747E-08
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 1.7825E-08

Dari neraca panas didapat

Cp = 36.1177 KJ/Kmol.K
8.6266 Kcal/kmol.K
g= 1.0924
m= 0.1159
n= 1 / 1-m
= 1.1311

Kompresor stage 1

T1 = 303 K
P1 = 1 atm
P2 = P1 x Rc
= 3.3422 atm

T2 = T1 (Rc)m
 = 348.4884 K

Menghitung Power stage 1

W= ZxRxT x (n / n-1) x [(P2/P1)(n-1)/n-1]

Bm camp
Z untuk gas = 1
W = 93.2138 kj/kmol

Kerja actual kompresor

umpan masuk kompresor = 222.8199 kmol/jam

Tenaga kompresor = (W/Ep) x kmol/jam

3600 detik
= 7.9033 kj/detik
= 7.9033 KW
= 10.7455 Hp

Kompresor stage 2

T2 = 348.4884 K
P2 = 3.342 atm

komponen Tc (K) Pc (atm) Tr (K) Pr (atm)

NH3 405.65 112.78 0.7469 0.0089
H2O 647.13 220.55 0.4682 0.0045

Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam lb/jam Bm

NH3 3000.485651 176.4991559 6616.0709 17
H2O 30.30793586 1.683774215 66.8290 18
TOTAL 3030.7936 178.1829 6682.8999 35

Dari fig 3.6 Coulson didapat:

v = (jumlah mol*22.4*T/273)
(3600*P)
v = 0.5295 m3/s
Ep = 0.6900
Bm = 17.0094
Tc = 407.9319 K
Pc = 113.7984 atm
Cp = 8.6266 Kcal/kmol.K
g= 1.0869
m= 0.1159
 n= 1 /1-m
= 1.1311

T2 = 348.4884 K
P2 = 3.3422 atm
P3 = P1 x Rc
= 11.1700 atm

T3 = T1 (Rc)m
= 400.8058 K

Menghitung Power stage 2

-W= ZxRxT x (n / n-1) x [(P2/P1)(n-1)/n-1]

Bm camp
Z untuk gas = 1
= 220.5992 kj/kmol

Kerja actual kompresor

umpan masuk kompresor = 222.8199 kmol/jam

Tenaga kompresor = (-W/Ep) x 57.35 kmol/jam

3600 detik
= 0.0897 kj/detik
= 0.0897 KW
= 0.1203 Hp

Total tenaga kompresor = 10.8658 Hp

Spesifikasi kompresor 01
jenis Sentrifugal multi stage
jumlah stage 2
P masuk 1 atm
P keluar 11.1700 atm
T masuk 303 K
T keluar 400.8058 K
Power 10.8658 Hp
 Berat Molekul (Yaws, 1999):
Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol)
C3H6 42
NH3 17
N2 28
O2 32
C3H3N 53
H2O 18

Rc = Ratio of compression
Ep = Polytropic Effisiensi

lbmol/jam xi
486.6752 0.9906
4.6428 0.0094
491.3180 1.0000
 E Cp
9.9730E-11 58.840
1.8569E-11 36.083
8.8607E-12 29.493
2.5935E-13 29.077
9.1114E-13 83.759
3.6934E-12 39.756
lbmol/jam xi
389.1806 0.9906
3.7127 0.0094
392.8934 1.0000
Neraca Panas Kompresor 03

Fungsi : untuk menaikkan tekanan gas dari 0,5 atm menjadi 1 atm
Tujuan :
a. Menentukan jumlah stage
b. Menghitung jumlah pendingin intercooler

Q1 cp-03

Menentukan jumlah stage

P1 = 0.5 atm T1 =
P2 = 1.0000 atm
n =2
Menentukan jumlah stage :
Rc = (P2/P1)1/n Syarat Rc < 4 untuk kompressor sentrifugal
= (4.9346/1.2)1/3
= 1.4142135624

Menghitung jumlah stage

A. Menghitung kecepatan volumetrik gas masuk kompresor

Rumus yang dipakai :

Tr = T Pr = P
Tc Pc

Tc = suhu kritis (K)

Pc = tekanan kritis,atm

komponen Tc (K) Pc (atm) Tr (K)

C3H6 364.76 46.13 0.8855
NH3 405.65 112.78 0.7963
O2 154.58 50.43 2.0895
N2 126.1 33.94 2.5615
C3H3N 535 44.8 0.6037
H2O 647.13 220.55 0.4991
 Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam lb/jam
C3H6 625.357 14.889 1378.913
NH3 2739.661 161.157 6040.952
O2 2262.900 70.716 4989.695
N2 19267.260 688.116 42484.308
C3H3N 0.000 0.000 0.000
H2O 0.000 0.000 0.000
TOTAL 24895.178 934.878 54893.868

Bm campuran = SBm x xi
= 190

Tc campuran = ΣTc x Σxi

= 180.245 K

Pc campuran = ΣPc x Σxi

= 48.972 atm

Dari fig 3.6 Coulson didapat:

v = (jumlah mol*22.4*T/273)
(3600*P)
v= 13.7648 m3/s
Ep = 0.73

Kapasitas panas gas dinyatakan dengan persamaan :

CP = A + B T + C T2 + D T3 + ET4
Komponen A B C
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05
O2 29.526 -8.8999E-03 3.8083E-05
N2 29.342 -3.5395E-03 1.0076E-05
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05

Dari neraca panas didapat

Cp = 30.9576 KJ/Kmol.K
7.3941 Kcal/kmol.K
g= 1.1095
m= 0.1352
n= 1 / 1-m
= 1.1564
Kompresor stage 1

T1 = 323 K
P1 = 0.5 atm
P2 = P1 x Rc
= 0.7071 atm

T2 = T1 (Rc)m
= 338.5000 K

Menghitung Power stage 1

W= ZxRxT x (n / n-1) x [(P2/P1)(n-1)/n-1]

Bm camp
Z untuk gas = 1
W= 5.0150 kj/kmol

Kerja actual kompresor

umpan masuk kompresor = 934.8780 kmol/jam

Tenaga kompresor = (W/Ep) x kmol/jam

3600 detik
= 1.7840 kj/detik
= 1.7840 KW
= 2.4256 Hp

Kompresor stage 2

T2 = 338.5000 K
P2 = 0.707 atm

komponen Tc (K) Pc (atm) Tr (K)

C3H6 364.76 46.13 0.8855
NH3 405.65 112.78 0.7963
O2 154.58 50.43 2.0895
N2 126.1 33.94 2.5615
C3H3N 535 44.8 0.6037
H2O 647.13 220.55 0.4991

Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam lb/jam

C3H6 625.357 14.889 1378.913
NH3 2739.661 161.157 6040.952
 O2 2262.900 70.716 4989.695
N2 19267.260 688.116 42484.308
C3H3N 0.000 0.000 0.000
H2O 0.000 0.000 0.000
TOTAL 24895.178 934.878 54893.868

Dari fig 3.6 Coulson didapat:

v = (jumlah mol*22.4*T/273)
(3600*P)
v = 10.2003 m3/s
Ep = 0.6900
Bm = 6.0199
Tc = 87.4290 K
Pc = 23.9906 atm
Cp = 7.3941 Kcal/kmol.K
g= 1.1029
m= 0.1352
n= 1 /1-m
= 1.1564

T2 = 338.5000 K
P2 = 0.7071 atm
P3 = P1 x Rc
= 1.0000 atm

T3 = T1 (Rc)m
= 354.7438 K

Menghitung Power stage 2

-W= ZxRxT x (n / n-1) x [(P2/P1)(n-1)/n-1]

Bm camp
Z untuk gas = 1
= 165.8781 kj/kmol

Kerja actual kompresor

umpan masuk kompresor = 934.8780 kmol/jam

Tenaga kompresor = (-W/Ep) x 57.35 kmol/jam

3600 detik
= 0.3764 kj/detik
= 0.3764 KW
= 0.5047 Hp
Total tenaga kompresor = 2.9303 Hp

Spesifikasi kompresor 01
jenis Sentrifugal multi stage
jumlah stage 2
P masuk 0.5 atm
P keluar 1.0000 atm
T masuk 323 K
T keluar 354.7438 K
Power 2.9303 Hp
 Berat Molekul (Yaws, 1999):
Komponen BM, (kg/kgmol)
C3H6 42
NH3 17
N2 28
O2 32
C3H3N 53
H2O 18
Q1'

323 K

Rc = Ratio of compression
ssor sentrifugal Ep = Polytropic Effisiensi

ii

Pr (atm)
0.0108
0.0044
0.0099
0.0147
0.0112
0.0023
 Bm lbmol/jam xi
42 32.8313 0.0159
17 355.3501 0.1724
32 155.9280 0.0756
28 1517.2967 0.7360
53 0.0000 0.0000
18 0.0000 0.0000
190 2061.4061 1.0000

D E Cp
-3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11 62.080
-7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11 36.568
-3.2629E-08 8.8607E-12 29.621
-4.3116E-09 2.5935E-13 29.107
1.8747E-08 9.1114E-13 88.800
1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12 40.413
Pr (atm)
0.0108
0.0044
0.0099
0.0147
0.0112
0.0023

Bm lbmol/jam xi
42 32.8313 0.0159
17 355.3501 0.1724
32 155.9280 0.0756
28 1517.2967 0.7360
53 0.0000 0.0000
18 0.0000 0.0000
190 2061.4061 1.0000
 EXPANSION VALVE

Tugas : Menurunkan tekanan bahan baku propylene

Jenis : Globe Valve

Data densitas cair masing-masing komponen

T= 303 K P= 15.0000 atm
komponen A B n Tc ρL (kg/m3)
C3H6 0.25880 0.27400 0.28571 397.91 282.6704
H2O 0.34710 0.27400 0.28571 647.13 422.5516

Data viskositas cair masing-masing komponen

T= 303.0000 K P= 15 atm
komponen A B C D Vis (cp)
C3H6 -5.178 4.30E+02 1.8611E-02 -3.1662E-05 0.0939
H2O -10.2158 1.7925.E+03 1.7730.E-02 -1.2631.E-05 0.8177

Komponen (kg/jam) (kmol/jam) xi rho vis

C3H6 3126.7867 74.4473032209 0.9770 276.1616 0.09175741
H2O 31.5837 1.7546502443 0.0230 9.7298 0.01882854
Total 3158.3704 76.2019534652 1.0000 285.8914 0.1105859

Jumlah aliran massa : 3158.3704 kg/jam = 6964.2068 lb/jam =

Pin 15.0000 atm 220.50 psia
Pout 1 atm 14.70 psia
rho = 285.8914 kg/m3 0.0003 kg/cm3 17.84757553
miu = 0.110585948 cP = 0.26751736 lb/ft/jam
debit = 11.0474 m3/jam = 0.0031 m3/s 0.1084

Untuk menentukan diameter valve dihitung dengan persamaan 5.15

( Coulson and Richardson , 1989 )
Untuk Stainless Steel :
D opt. = 293* G^0,5 * rho^-0,35
D opt. = 37.9121 mm = 1.4926 in

Dipilh pipa standar :

NPS = 1.5 OD in
Sch = 40
ID = 1.61 in = 0.04 m 0.13416613
OD = 1.9 in
a't = 2.04 in2 = 0.001 ft2 0.00055
v = 2.3316 m/s

r .v.D
Re =  246.5032279707
 r .v.D


ε = 0.0006
D = 0.1583
ε/D = 0.0038

Dari figure 126 Brown diperoleh :

f = 0.06
ΔP = 476011.5211 m
rho
dP = f.v^2.Le
rho 2.g.D
Le = 1169655.8479 m

Kecepatan Linier gas, v :

v = Q/a't
= 82.33 ft/dtk

Proses :
1. Tidak ada perubahan kimia.
2. Tidak ada kerja yang diberikan (W = 0).

(V dP) + (v dv/g) + (f*v^2* dL/(2g*D)) = 0

Lost work, lw (∆P) :

lw (∆P) = (P1-P2)*144/ρ (Pers. 15, Brown, 1950)
= 118.602 ft

∆P = (f*L*v^2)/(2*g*D^2) (Pers. 15, Brown, 1950)

L = (∆P*2*g*D^2)/(f*v^2)
= 0.000073 ft
= 0.00000001 mil

Globe valve, open

Lv = 300 ft
= 0.057 mil

Jumlah valve = L/Lv

= 0.000000243

Fungsi Untuk menurunkan tekanan dari tangki penyimpanan propilen menuju furnace.
Jenis Globe Valve
Debit 11.0474
Spesifikasi ID 1,61 in
OD 1,9 in
a’t 2,04 in2
 v 2.3316
Bahan Stainlees Steel
0.877325 kg/s
Pers. 15, Brown, 1950)

Pers. 15, Brown, 1950)

propilen menuju furnace.

 EXPANSION VALVE

Tugas : Menurunkan tekanan bahan baku amonia

Jenis : Globe Valve

Data densitas cair masing-masing komponen

T= 303 K P= 15.0000 atm
komponen A B n Tc ρL (kg/m3)
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.28870 405.65 261.7812
H2O 0.34710 0.27400 0.28571 647.13 422.5516

Data viskositas cair masing-masing komponen

T= 303.0000 K P= 15 atm
komponen A B C D Vis (cp)
NH3 -8.591 8.7640E+02 2.6810E-02 -3.6120E-05 0.1284
H2O -10.2158 1.7925.E+03 1.7730.E-02 -1.2631.E-05 0.8177

Komponen (kg/jam) (kmol/jam) xi rho vis

NH3 3752.1441 220.71435778 0.9906 259.3075 0.12722566
H2O 37.9004 2.1055802931 0.0094 3.9930 0.00772698
Total 3790.0445 222.81993808 1.0000 263.3004 0.1349526

Jumlah aliran massa : 3790.0445 kg/jam = 8357.0482 lb/jam = 1.05279

Pin 15.0000 atm 220.50 psia
Pout 1 atm 14.70 psia
rho = 263.3004 kg/m3 0.0003 kg/cm3 16.43727186
miu = 0.134952637 cP = 0.32646257 lb/ft/jam
debit = 14.3944 m3/jam = 0.0040 m3/s 0.1412

Untuk menentukan diameter valve dihitung dengan persamaan 5.15

( Coulson and Richardson , 1989 )
Untuk Stainless Steel :
D opt. = 293* G^0,5 * rho^-0,35
D opt. = 42.7445 mm = 1.6829 in

Dipilh pipa standar :

NPS = 1.5 OD in
Sch = 40
ID = 1.61 in = 0.04 m 0.13416613
OD = 1.9 in
a't = 2.04 in2 = 0.001 ft2 0.00055
v = 3.0380 m/s

r .v.D
Re =  242.3943143941
 r .v.D


ε = 0.0006
D = 0.1583
ε/D = 0.0038

Dari figure 126 Brown diperoleh :

f = 0.06
ΔP = 390064.1493 m
rho
dP = f.v^2.Le
rho 2.g.D
Le = 564566.6183 m

Kecepatan Linier gas, v :

v = Q/a't
= 107.27 ft/dtk

Proses :
1. Tidak ada perubahan kimia.
2. Tidak ada kerja yang diberikan (W = 0).

(V dP) + (v dv/g) + (f*v^2* dL/(2g*D)) = 0

Lost work, lw (∆P) :

lw (∆P) = (P1-P2)*144/ρ (Pers. 15, Brown, 1950)
= 128.778 ft

∆P = (f*L*v^2)/(2*g*D^2) (Pers. 15, Brown, 1950)

L = (∆P*2*g*D^2)/(f*v^2)
= 0.000047 ft
= 0.00000001 mil

Globe valve, open

Lv = 300 ft
= 0.057 mil

Jumlah valve = L/Lv

= 0.000000155

Fungsi Untuk menurunkan tekanan dari tangki penyimpanan propilen menuju furnace.
Jenis Globe Valve
Debit 14.3944
Spesifikasi ID 1,61 in
OD 1,9 in
a’t 2,04 in2
 v 3.0380
Bahan Stainlees Steel
kg/s
rown, 1950)

rown, 1950)

n menuju furnace.
 POMPA-01
Fungsi : Untuk mengalirkan bahan baku propilen dari pembelian ke tangki penyimpanan
Type : Centrifugal pump

1. Menghitung Laju Alir Pompa

a. Menghitung densitas cairan (ρ)
Komponen BM kg/jam kmol/jam yi ρ (kg/L) yi.ρ (kg/L)
C3H6 42 3127 74 0.9770 0.00018 0.0002
H2O 18 31.584 1.7547 0.0230 1.0000 0.0230
TOTAL 3158.3704 76.2020 1.0000 1.0002 0.0232

ρ = 0.0232 kg/L = 1.4485252 lb/ft3

b. Laju alir (Q)

Q = ∑umpan / ρ umpan
= 37.8106 L/s = 1.3353 ft3/s
= 9.9885 gall/s = 599.310 gpm

2. Mengukur Ukuran Pipa Optimum

Dopt = 3,9 (Q)0,45 (ρ)0,13
= 4.6611 in
Dipilih pipa standar :
Dnom = 6 in (Kern, tabel.11)
OD = 6.625 in = 0.5521 ft
at = 28.9 in2 = 0.2007 ft2
Sch = 40
ID 6.065 in = 0.5054 ft

a. Kecepatan aliran (V)

V = Q / at
= 6.6532 ft/s

Re = ρ V ID
µcairan
Komponen yi µ yi.µ
C3H6 0.9770 0.000016 0.0000
H2O 0.0230 0.7026 0.0162
TOTAL 1.0000 0.7026 0.0162

µ cairan = 0.0162 cP
= 0.0392 lb/ft jam = 0.0000109 lb/ft s
Re = 447450
Karena Re > 2100, maka aliran turbulen
 Dari Brown, fig.126, didapat ε/D = 0.0003 (commercial steel)
Dari Brown, fig.125, didapat f = 0.026

3. Menentukan Head Pompa (H)

Sistem pemipaan :
No Jenis Jumlah Le (ft)
1 pipa lurus 1 32.8083
2 elbow standar 90° 2 16.0000
3 gate valve 1 1.7000
Panjang ekivalen (Le) 50.5083

Persamaan Bernoulli : -Ws = ∆Z g + ∆V2 + ∆P + Σ F

gc 2 gc ρ
kondisi titik 1 :
P1 = 1.0 atm = 2116.2170 lb/ft2
z1 = 5.0 m = 16.4042 ft
kondisi titik 2 :
P2 = 1.0 atm = 2116.2170 lb/ft2
z2 = 10.0 m = 32.8083 ft
v1=v2
a. static head = ∆z.g/gc = 16.4042 ft
b. velocity head = ∆v2/2gc = 0 ft
c. pressure head = ∆p/ρ = 0.0000000 ft
d. friksi head (Σ F) = f V2.Le = 1.7859 ft
2 gc ID
Head pompa (H) = (-Ws) = 18.1901 ft = 5.5443 m

4. Penentuan daya pompa

η = efisiensi pompa = 45% (Peter, fig.14-37, P.520)
BHP = ρ.Q.H / η
= 78.1839 lb/ft s = 0.1422 HP

5. Menentukan tenaga yang dipakai motor

ηM = efisiensi motor = 80% (Peter, fig.14-38, P.521)
Power motor = BHP /ηm = 0.1777 HP
Digunakan motor standar dengan tenaga = 0.25 HP

6. Putaran spesifik pompa

Digunakan motor dengan kecepatan putar (n) = 1000 rpm

Spesific head (Ns) = n.Q0.5 = 2779.391 rpm

H0.75
MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)
Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5
0.0833 10
0.125 15
0.1667 20
0.25 25
0.3333 30
0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
 BLOWER

Tugas : untuk mengalirkan Udara lingkungan ke Reaktor

Jenis : Blower Centrifugal

Kondisi Operasi:
P= 1 atm
T= 30 C
303 K

Komponen BM Kg/jam kmol/jam yi BM. Yi

O2 32 5121.6767 160.0524 0.1887 6.0385
N2 28 19267 688.1164 0.8113 22.7163
24388.9365 848.1688 1.0000 28.7548

BM udara = 28.75 g/gmol

G = 24388.9365 kg/jam = 848.1688 kmol/jam
= 1869.8607 lbmol/jam

kondisi udara masuk blower :

T1 = 30 C = 546 rankine
= 303 K
P1 = 1 atm
Komponen A B C D E Cp (kJ/kmol K)
O2 29.526 -8.90E-03 3.81E-05 -3.26E-08 8.86E-12 2.95E+01
N2 29.342 -3.54E-03 1.01E-05 -4.31E-09 2.59E-13 2.91E+01

sifat fisis udara masuk : Cp = 2.92E+01 kJ/kmol.K

Q = G(mol/jam) x T(K) x R (asumsi :gas ideal)
P (atm)
= 21086452.251 L/Jam 21086.45
= 12411.02 cuf /menit
Tekanan gas yang diinginkan = P2 = 1.2 atm
= 17.64 psia
= 2.940 psig
kapasitas = 12411.02 cuf /menit

dari fig.15-14 Rase-Barrow (1957) dipilih blower sentrifugal

Suhu keluar dari blower = T2
T2 = T1(P2/P1)(1-1/γ)
γ = Cp camp /Cv camp = 1.4
T2 = 319.2 K= 46.20 C
 Untuk blower 1 stage, compression ratio = (P2/P1) (n = 1,2)
n

= 1.2
BHP = Z.R.T1.γ.np P2 (γ-1)/(γ.np)

745,7 (γ-1) P1
np = effisiensi politropik
menurut Ludwig np berkisar antara 0.7 - 0.8
Diambil, np = 0.8
Udara dianggap sebagai gas ideal, maka z = 1

Kebutuhan tenaga :
BHP = 5.324 Hp
η motor = 80%
Power = 6.655 Hp
Dipakai power motor standar = 7.5 HP

Menghitung suhu keluar Blower

T2 = (P2/P1)^(γ-1)/γ)*T1
= 321.3 K
= 48.3 C

MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)

Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5
0.08333333 10
0.125 15
0.16666667 20
0.25 25
0.33333333 30
0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
 Volume masuk blower dan faktor keamanan 10 %

dalam hubungan ini :

V = volume yang masuk blower (Cm3/jam)
Z = Faktor kompresibilitas 1
n = Jumlah mol udara masuk blower (mol/jam)
T = suhu udara masuk blower 303
P = Tekanan udara masuk blower (atm)
R = Konstanta gas = 82.05 atm.cm3/mol K

V = 23195097477 cm3/jam
= 13652.12022 f3/menit

Dimana :
Cp gas = 2.92E+01 kJ/kmol.K
Cv gas = Cp - R , dimana R = 8.314
Cp.yi = 2.08E+01 kJ/kmol.K
5.57E+00 k = Ratio Cp dan Cv
2.36E+01 k = Cp /Cv = 1.40E+00
2.92E+01 Q fm 1= Volume udara masuk (f3/menit)
P1 = tekanan udara masuk (lb/f2)
= 2116217 lb/f2
P2 = Tekanan udara keluar (lb/f2)
= 3174325.5 lb/f2
Power (HP) = 376273.59 lbf/menit =
= 11.40222977 HP
HP baru = 14.25278721

Dari tabel 4.9 Ulrich hal 140 ,1984 didapat effisiensi blower sebesar 75 % sehin
Hp aktual =Hp/ɳ
= 15.20297303 Hp

Fig. 13.38 Peters hal 460 untuk :

HP aktual sebesar : 15.20 HP
eff. Motor sebesar : 85.00 %
P. motor = 17.89 HP
sehingga akan digunakan motor sebesar =

efisiensi motor = 0.8

Power = 35.94641417
Dipakai power motor standar = 6
 ( asumsi gas ideal )
848168.8 mol/jam
K
1 atm

(Petter and Timmerhaus, 4 edition, pers. 24 hal 553

kJ/kmol.K

6271.226 lbf/detik

iensi blower sebesar 75 % sehingga :

didapat :
 60.00 HP

HP
 BLOWER

Tugas : untuk mengalirkan bahan baku ke reaktor

Jenis : Blower Centrifugal

Kondisi Operasi:
P= 1 atm
T= 30 C
303 K

Komponen BM Kg/jam kmol/jam yi BM. Yi

C3H6 42 3127 74.4473032209 0.0651 2.7348
NH3 17 3752 220.7143577843 0.1930 3.2818
O2 32 5121.6767 160.0524 0.1400 4.4796
N2 28 19267 688.1164 0.6019 16.8519
TOTAL 31268 1143.3304806879 1.0000 27.3481

BM udara = 27.35 g/gmol

G = 31267.8674 kg/jam = 1143.3305 kmol/jam
= 2520.5698 lbmol/jam

kondisi udara masuk blower :

T1 = 30 C = 546 rankine
= 303 K
P1 = 1 atm
Komponen A B C D E Cp (kJ/kmol K)
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11 5.8840E+01
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11 3.6083E+01
O2 29.526 -8.90E-03 3.81E-05 -3.26E-08 8.86E-12 2.95E+01
N2 29.342 -3.54E-03 1.01E-05 -4.31E-09 2.59E-13 2.91E+01

sifat fisis udara masuk : Cp = 3.24E+01 kJ/kmol.K

Q = G(mol/jam) x T(K) x R (asumsi :gas ideal)
P (atm)
= 28424510.58 L/Jam 28424.51058
= 16730.04 cuf /menit
Tekanan gas yang diinginkan = P2 = 1.2 atm
= 17.64 psia
= 2.940 psig
kapasitas = 16730.04 cuf /menit

dari fig.15-14 Rase-Barrow (1957) dipilih blower sentrifugal

Suhu keluar dari blower = T2
T2 = T1(P2/P1)(1-1/γ)
γ = Cp camp /Cv camp = 1.4
T2 = 319.2 K= 46.20 C

Untuk blower 1 stage, compression ratio = (P2/P1) (n = 1,2)

n

= 1.2
BHP = Z.R.T1.γ.np P2 (γ-1)/(γ.np)

745,7 (γ-1) P1
np = effisiensi politropik
menurut Ludwig np berkisar antara 0.7 - 0.8
Diambil, np = 0.8
Udara dianggap sebagai gas ideal, maka z = 1

Kebutuhan tenaga :
BHP = 7.177 Hp
η motor = 80%
Power = 8.971 Hp
Dipakai power motor standar = 10 HP

Menghitung suhu keluar Blower

T2 = (P2/P1)^(γ-1)/γ)*T1
= 321.3 K
= 48.3 C

MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)

Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5
0.0833333 10
0.125 15
0.1666667 20
0.25 25
0.3333333 30
0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
 Volume masuk blower dan faktor keamanan 10 %

dalam hubungan ini :

V = volume yang masuk blower (Cm3/jam)
Z = Faktor kompresibilitas 1 ( asumsi gas ideal )
n = Jumlah mol udara masuk blower (mol/jam)
T = suhu udara masuk blower 303 K
P = Tekanan udara masuk blower (atm) 1
R = Konstanta gas = 82.05 atm.cm3/mol K

V = 3.13E+10 cm3/jam
= 18403.04 f3/menit

(Petter and Timmerhaus, 4 edi

Dimana :
Cp gas = 3.24E+01 kJ/kmol.K
Cv gas = Cp - R , dimana R = 8.314 kJ/kmol.K
= 2.41E+01 kJ/kmol.K
k = Ratio Cp dan Cv
Cp.yi k = Cp /Cv = 1.34E+00
3.8314 Q fm 1= Volume udara masuk (f3/menit)
6.9656 P1 = tekanan udara masuk (lb/f2)
4.1289 = 2116217 lb/f2
17.5012 P2 = Tekanan udara keluar (lb/f2)
32.4272 = 3174325.5 lb/f2
Power (HP) = 504214.63 lbf/menit = 8403.577
= 15.27923 HP
HP baru = 19.09904

Dari tabel 4.9 Ulrich hal 140 ,1984 didapat effisiensi blower sebesar 75 % sehingga
Hp aktual =Hp/ɳ
= 20.37231 Hp

Fig. 13.38 Peters hal 460 untuk :

HP aktual sebesar : 20.37 HP didapat :
eff. Motor sebesar : 85.00 %
P. motor = 23.97 HP
sehingga akan digunakan motor sebesar = 20.00

efisiensi motor = 0.8

Power = 35.94641
Dipakai power motor standar = 6 HP
 ( asumsi gas ideal )
1143330 mol/jam

atm

(Petter and Timmerhaus, 4 edition, pers. 24 hal 553

lbf/detik

si blower sebesar 75 % sehingga :

HP
 BLOWER

Tugas : untuk mengalirkan bahan baku ke reaktor

Jenis : Blower Centrifugal

Kondisi Operasi:
P= 1 atm
T= 30 C
303 K

Komponen BM Kg/jam kmol/jam yi BM. Yi

C3H6 42 625 14.88946064 0.0127 0.5313
NH3 17 2740 161.1565152 0.1369 2.3277
O2 32 2263 70.7156 0.0601 1.9226
N2 28 19267 688.1164 0.5847 16.3702
C3H3N 53 3156.57 59.55784258 0.0506 2.6819
H2O 18 3285.61 182.5337583 0.1551 2.7916
TOTAL 31337 1176.969633 1.0000 26.6255

BM udara = 26.63 g/gmol

G = 31337.3515 kg/jam = 1176.9696 kmol/jam
= 2594.7302 lbmol/jam

kondisi udara masuk blower :

T1 = 30 C = 546 rankine
= 303 K
P1 = 1 atm
Komponen A B C D E Cp (kJ/kmol K) Cp.yi
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11 5.8840E+01 0.7444
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11 3.6083E+01 4.9407
O2 29.526 -8.90E-03 3.81E-05 -3.26E-08 8.86E-12 2.9495E+01 1.7721
N2 29.342 -3.54E-03 1.01E-05 -4.31E-09 2.59E-13 2.9079E+01 17.0010
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04 1.8747E-08 9.1114E-13 8.3759E+01 4.2384
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12 3.9756E+01 6.1657
34.8624

sifat fisis udara masuk : Cp = 3.49E+01 kJ/kmol.K

Q = G(mol/jam) x T(K) x R (asumsi :gas ideal)
P (atm)
= 29260818.58 L/Jam 29260.818579
= 17222.27 cuf /menit
Tekanan gas yang diinginkan = P 2 = 1.2 atm
= 17.64 psia
= 2.940 psig
 kapasitas = 17222.27 cuf /menit

dari fig.15-14 Rase-Barrow (1957) dipilih blower sentrifugal

Suhu keluar dari blower = T2
T2 = T1(P2/P1)(1-1/γ)
γ = Cp camp /Cv camp = 1.4
T2 = 319.2 K= 46.20 C

Untuk blower 1 stage, compression ratio = (P2/P1) (n = 1,2)

n

= 1.2
BHP = Z.R.T1.γ.np P2 (γ-1)/(γ.np)

745,7 (γ-1) P1
np = effisiensi politropik
menurut Ludwig np berkisar antara 0.7 - 0.8
Diambil, np = 0.8
Udara dianggap sebagai gas ideal, maka z = 1

Kebutuhan tenaga :
BHP = 0.024 Hp
η motor = 80%
Power = 0.030 Hp
Dipakai power motor standar = 0.05 HP

Menghitung suhu keluar Blower

T2 = (P2/P1)^(γ-1)/γ)*T1
= 321.3 K
= 48.3 C

MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)

Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5
0.0833333 10
0.125 15
0.1666667 20
0.25 25
0.3333333 30
0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
Volume masuk blower dan faktor keamanan 10 %

dalam hubungan ini :

V = volume yang masuk blower (Cm3/jam)
Z = Faktor kompresibilitas 1 ( asumsi gas ideal )
n = Jumlah mol udara masuk blower (mol/jam) 1176970
T = suhu udara masuk blower 303 K
P = Tekanan udara masuk blower (atm) 1 atm
R = Konstanta gas = 82.05 atm.cm3/mol K

V = 3.22E+10 cm3/jam
= 18944.5 f3/menit

(Petter and Timmerhaus, 4 edition, pers. 2

Dimana :
Cp gas = 3.49E+01 kJ/kmol.K
Cv gas = Cp - R , dimana R = 8.314 kJ/kmol.K
= 2.65E+01 kJ/kmol.K
k = Ratio Cp dan Cv
k = Cp /Cv = 1.31E+00
Q fm 1= Volume udara masuk (f3/menit)
P1 = tekanan udara masuk (lb/f2)
= 2116217 lb/f2
P2 = Tekanan udara keluar (lb/f2)
= 3174325.5 lb/f2
Power (HP) = 517137.12 lbf/menit = 8618.952 lbf/detik
= 15.67082 HP
HP baru = 19.58853

Dari tabel 4.9 Ulrich hal 140 ,1984 didapat effisiensi blower sebesar 75 % sehingga :
Hp aktual =Hp/ɳ
= 20.89443 Hp

Fig. 13.38 Peters hal 460 untuk :

HP aktual sebesar : 20.89 HP didapat :
eff. Motor sebesar : 85.00 %

P. motor = 24.58 HP
sehingga akan digunakan motor sebesar = 20.00 HP

efisiensi motor = 0.8

Power = 35.94641
Dipakai power motor standar = 6 HP
 mol/jam

nd Timmerhaus, 4 edition, pers. 24 hal 553

besar 75 % sehingga :
 BLOWER

Tugas : untuk mengalirkan komponen keluaran SP-01 menuju CL-02 sebelum masuk SP-02
Jenis : Blower Centrifugal

Kondisi Operasi:
P= 1 atm
T= 30 C
303 K

Komponen BM Kg/jam kmol/jam yi BM. Yi

C3H6 42 625.357 14.8894606 0.0159 0.6689
NH3 17 2739.661 161.156515 0.1724 2.9305
O2 32 2262.900 70.7156 0.0756 2.4205
N2 28 19267.260 688.1164 0.7360 20.6094
C3H3N 53 0.000 0 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 18 0.000 0 0.0000 0.0000
TOTAL 24895.178 934.878032 1.0000 26.6293

BM udara = 26.6293 g/gmol

G = 24895.1782 kg/jam = 934.8780 kmol/jam
= 2061.0186 lbmol/jam

kondisi udara masuk blower :

T1 = 30 C = 546 rankine
= 303 K
P1 = 1 atm
Komponen A B C D E Cp (kJ/kmol K) Cp.yi
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11 5.8840E+01 0.9371
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11 3.6083E+01 6.2201
O2 29.526 -8.90E-03 3.81E-05 -3.26E-08 8.86E-12 2.9495E+01 2.2311
N2 29.342 -3.54E-03 1.01E-05 -4.31E-09 2.59E-13 2.9079E+01 21.4035
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04 1.8747E-08 9.1114E-13 8.3759E+01 0.0000
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12 3.9756E+01 0.0000
30.7918

sifat fisis udara masuk : Cp = 3.08E+01 kJ/kmol.K

Q = G(mol/jam) x T(K) x R (asumsi :gas ideal)
P (atm)
= 23242142.977 L/Jam 23242.143
= 13679.81 cuf /menit
Tekanan gas yang diinginkan = P2 = 1.2 atm
= 17.64 psia
= 2.940 psig
 kapasitas = 13679.81 cuf /menit

dari fig.15-14 Rase-Barrow (1957) dipilih blower sentrifugal

Suhu keluar dari blower = T2
T2 = T1(P2/P1)(1-1/γ)
γ = Cp camp /Cv camp = 1.4
T2 = 319.2 K= 46.20 C

Untuk blower 1 stage, compression ratio = (P2/P1) (n = 1,2)

n

= 1.2
BHP = Z.R.T1.γ.np P2 (γ-1)/(γ.np)

745,7 (γ-1) P1
np = effisiensi politropik
menurut Ludwig np berkisar antara 0.7 - 0.8
Diambil, np = 0.8
Udara dianggap sebagai gas ideal, maka z = 1

Kebutuhan tenaga :
BHP = 0.019 Hp
η motor = 80%
Power = 0.024 Hp
Dipakai power motor standar = 0.05 HP

Menghitung suhu keluar Blower

T2 = (P2/P1)^(γ-1)/γ)*T1
= 321.3 K
= 48.3 C

MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)

Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5
0.08333333 10
0.125 15
0.16666667 20
0.25 25
0.33333333 30
0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
Volume masuk blower dan faktor keamanan 10 %

dalam hubungan ini :

V = volume yang masuk blower (Cm3/jam)
Z = Faktor kompresibilitas 1 ( asumsi gas ideal )
n = Jumlah mol udara masuk blower (mol/jam) 934878 mol/jam
T = suhu udara masuk blower 303 K
P = Tekanan udara masuk blower (atm) 1 atm
R = Konstanta gas = 82.05 atm.cm3/mol K

V = 2.56E+10 cm3/jam
= 15047.79 f3/menit

(Petter and Timmerhaus, 4 edition, pers. 24

Dimana :
Cp gas = 3.08E+01 kJ/kmol.K
Cv gas = Cp - R , dimana R = 8.314 kJ/kmol.K
= 2.25E+01 kJ/kmol.K
k = Ratio Cp dan Cv
k = Cp /Cv = 1.37E+00
Q fm 1= Volume udara masuk (f3/menit)
P1 = tekanan udara masuk (lb/f2)
= 2116217 lb/f2
P2 = Tekanan udara keluar (lb/f2)
= 3174325.5 lb/f2
Power (HP) = 413446.08 lbf/menit = 6890.768 lbf/detik
= 12.52867 HP
HP baru = 15.66084

Dari tabel 4.9 Ulrich hal 140 ,1984 didapat effisiensi blower sebesar 75 % sehingga :
Hp aktual =Hp/ɳ
= 16.70489 Hp

Fig. 13.38 Peters hal 460 untuk :

HP aktual sebesar : 16.70 HP didapat :
eff. Motor sebesar : 85.00 %

P. motor = 19.65 HP
sehingga akan digunakan motor sebesar = 20.00 HP

efisiensi motor = 0.8

Power = 35.94641
Dipakai power motor standar = 6 HP
haus, 4 edition, pers. 24 hal 553

% sehingga :
 BLOWER

Tugas : untuk mengalirkan komponen keluaran SP-02 menuju Stripper

Jenis : Blower Centrifugal

Kondisi Operasi:
P= 1 atm
T= 30 C
303 K

Komponen BM Kg/jam kmol/jam yi BM. Yi

C3H6 42 625.357 14.889460644 0.0846 3.5522
NH3 17 2739.661 161.15651521 0.9154 15.5622
C3H3N 53 0.000 0 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 18 0.000 0 0.0000 0.0000
TOTAL 3365.018 176.04597585 1.0000 19.1144

BM udara = 19.1144 g/gmol

G= 3365.0181 kg/jam = 176.0460 kmol/jam
= 388.1084 lbmol/jam

kondisi udara masuk blower :

T1 = 30 C = 546 rankine
= 303 K
P1 = 1 atm
Komponen A B C D E Cp (kJ/kmol K)
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11 5.8840E+01
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11 3.6083E+01
C3H3N 18.425 1.8336E-01 1.0072E-04 1.8747E-08 9.1114E-13 8.3759E+01
H2O 33.933 8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12 3.9756E+01

sifat fisis udara masuk : Cp = 3.80E+01 kJ/kmol.K

Q = G(mol/jam) x T(K) x R (asumsi :gas ideal)
P (atm)
= 4376705.412547 L/Jam 4376.705413
= 2576.03 cuf /menit
Tekanan gas yang diinginkan = P2 = 1.2 atm
= 17.64 psia
= 2.940 psig
kapasitas = 2576.03 cuf /menit

dari fig.15-14 Rase-Barrow (1957) dipilih blower sentrifugal

Suhu keluar dari blower = T2
 T2 = T1(P2/P1)(1-1/γ)
γ = Cp camp /Cv camp = 1.4
T2 = 319.2 K= 46.20 C

Untuk blower 1 stage, compression ratio = (P2/P1) (n = 1,2)

n

= 1.2
BHP = Z.R.T1.γ.np P2 (γ-1)/(γ.np)

745,7 (γ-1) P1
np = effisiensi politropik
menurut Ludwig np berkisar antara 0.7 - 0.8
Diambil, np = 0.8
Udara dianggap sebagai gas ideal, maka z = 1

Kebutuhan tenaga :
BHP = 0.004 Hp
η motor = 80%
Power = 0.005 Hp
Dipakai power motor standar = 0.05 HP

Menghitung suhu keluar Blower

T2 = (P2/P1)^(γ-1)/γ)*T1
= 321.3 K
= 48.3 C

MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)

Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5
0.083333333 10
0.125 15
0.166666667 20
0.25 25
0.333333333 30
0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
 Volume masuk blower dan faktor keamanan 10 %

dalam hubungan ini :

V = volume yang masuk blower (Cm3/jam)
Z = Faktor kompresibilitas 1 ( asumsi gas ideal )
n = Jumlah mol udara masuk blower (mol/jam) 176046
T = suhu udara masuk blower 303 K
P = Tekanan udara masuk blower (atm) 1 atm
R = Konstanta gas = 82.05 atm.cm3/mol K

V = 4.81E+09 cm3/jam
= 2833.635 f3/menit

(Petter and Timmerhaus, 4 edition, pers. 2

Dimana :
Cp gas = 3.80E+01 kJ/kmol.K
Cv gas = Cp - R , dimana R = 8.314 kJ/kmol.K
= 2.97E+01 kJ/kmol.K
k = Ratio Cp dan Cv
Cp.yi k = Cp /Cv = 1.28E+00
4.9766 Q fm 1= Volume udara masuk (f3/menit)
33.0312 P1 = tekanan udara masuk (lb/f2)
0.0000 = 2116217 lb/f2
0.0000 P2 = Tekanan udara keluar (lb/f2)
38.0077 = 3174326 lb/f2
Power (HP) = 77037.48 lbf/menit 1283.958 lbf/detik
= 2.334469 HP
HP baru = 2.918087

Dari tabel 4.9 Ulrich hal 140 ,1984 didapat effisiensi blower sebesar 75 % sehingga :
Hp aktual =Hp/ɳ
= 3.112626 Hp

Fig. 13.38 Peters hal 460 untuk :

HP aktual sebesar : 3.11 HP didapat :
eff. Motor sebesar : 85.00 %

P. motor = 3.66 HP
sehingga akan digunakan motor sebesar 20.00 HP

efisiensi motor = 0.8

Power = 35.94641
Dipakai power motor standar = 6 HP
 mol/jam

nd Timmerhaus, 4 edition, pers. 24 hal 553

blower sebesar 75 % sehingga :

 BLOWER

Tugas : untuk mengalirkan komponen keluaran Stripper recycle ke reaktor

Jenis : Blower Centrifugal

Kondisi Operasi:
P= 1 atm
T= 30 C
303 K

Komponen BM Kg/jam kmol/jam yi BM. Yi

C3H6 42 625.357 14.88946064 0.0846 3.5522
NH3 17 2739.661 161.1565152 0.9154 15.5622
TOTAL 3365.018 176.0459759 1.0000 19.1144

BM udara = 19.1144 g/gmol

G = 3365.0181 kg/jam = 176.0460 kmol/jam
= 388.1084 lbmol/jam

kondisi udara masuk blower :

T1 = 30 C = 546 rankine
= 303 K
P1 = 1 atm
Komponen A B C D E Cp (kJ/kmol K) Cp.yi
C3H6 21.172 6.3106E-02 2.9197E-04 -3.2708E-07 9.9730E-11 5.8840E+01 4.9766
NH3 33.573 -1.2581E-02 8.8906E-05 -7.1783E-08 1.8569E-11 3.6083E+01 33.0312
38.0077

sifat fisis udara masuk : Cp = 3.80E+01 kJ/kmol.K

Q = G(mol/jam) x T(K) x R (asumsi :gas ideal)
P (atm)
= 4376705.413 L/Jam 4376.7054125
= 2576.03 cuf /menit
Tekanan gas yang diinginkan = P2 = 1.2 atm
= 17.64 psia
= 2.940 psig
kapasitas = 2576.03 cuf /menit

dari fig.15-14 Rase-Barrow (1957) dipilih blower sentrifugal

Suhu keluar dari blower = T2
T2 = T1(P2/P1)(1-1/γ)
γ = Cp camp /Cv camp = 1.4
T2 = 319.2 K= 46.20 C
 Untuk blower 1 stage, compression ratio = (P2/P1) (n = 1,2)
n

= 1.2
BHP = Z.R.T1.γ.np P2 (γ-1)/(γ.np)

745,7 (γ-1) P1
np = effisiensi politropik
menurut Ludwig np berkisar antara 0.7 - 0.8
Diambil, np = 0.8
Udara dianggap sebagai gas ideal, maka z = 1

Kebutuhan tenaga :
BHP = 0.004 Hp
η motor = 80%
Power = 0.005 Hp
Dipakai power motor standar = 0.05 HP

Menghitung suhu keluar Blower

T2 = (P2/P1)^(γ-1)/γ)*T1
= 321.3 K
= 48.3 C

MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)

Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5
0.0833333 10
0.125 15
0.1666667 20
0.25 25
0.3333333 30
0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
Volume masuk blower dan faktor keamanan 10 %

dalam hubungan ini :

V = volume yang masuk blower (Cm3/jam)
Z = Faktor kompresibilitas 1 ( asumsi gas ideal )
n = Jumlah mol udara masuk blower (mol/jam) 176046 mol/jam
T = suhu udara masuk blower 303 K
P = Tekanan udara masuk blower (atm) 1 atm
R = Konstanta gas = 82.05 atm.cm3/mol K

V = 4.81E+09 cm3/jam
= 2833.635 f3/menit

(Petter and Timmerhaus, 4 edition, pers. 24 hal 553

Dimana :
Cp gas = 3.80E+01 kJ/kmol.K
Cv gas = Cp - R , dimana R = 8.314 kJ/kmol.K
= 2.97E+01 kJ/kmol.K
k = Ratio Cp dan Cv
k = Cp /Cv = 1.28E+00
Q fm 1= Volume udara masuk (f3/menit)
P1 = tekanan udara masuk (lb/f2)
= 2116217 lb/f2
P2 = Tekanan udara keluar (lb/f2)
= 3174326 lb/f2
Power (HP) = 77037.48 lbf/menit 1283.958 lbf/detik
= 2.334469 HP
HP baru = 2.918087

Dari tabel 4.9 Ulrich hal 140 ,1984 didapat effisiensi blower sebesar 75 % sehingga :
Hp aktual =Hp/ɳ
= 3.112626 Hp

Fig. 13.38 Peters hal 460 untuk :

HP aktual sebesar : 3.11 HP didapat :
eff. Motor sebesar : 85.00 %

P. motor = 3.66 HP
sehingga akan digunakan motor sebesar 20.00 HP

efisiensi motor = 0.8

Power = 35.94641
Dipakai power motor standar = 6 HP
haus, 4 edition, pers. 24 hal 553

besar 75 % sehingga :