NERACA MASSA
F2
K2CO3 30%
H2O 70%
F4
F1
F42
CO 1,0%
CO2 71,22%
Inert
CH4 99% inert
CH4 28,00%
CO 2 61%
C2 H inert
C2H6 0,14%
C3H8 0,02% C3H8 inert
C4H10 0,01% C4H10 inert
H2S 0,50% H2S inert
N2 0,11% F3 F2 +NF1
2 CO2 inert
KHC03
OUTPUT INPUT
Σ
SPECIES F3 F4 F1 F2
CO2 0 0,01 0,7122 0 -1
K2CO3 0 0 0 1 -1
KHCO3 1 0 0 0 2
Dari tabel diatas, diperoleh persamaan yang dibutuhkan dalam perhitungan laju alir :
CO2
0,01𝐹4 = 0,7122𝐹1 − 𝑟.....................................................(pers. 1)
K2CO3
0 = 𝐹2 − 𝑟.................................................................(pers. 2)
KHCO3
𝐹3 = 2𝑟.................................................................(pers. 3)
X = 0,99
σCO2 = -1
Fin = FCO2
Maka, r = 616,006 kmol/jam
Dari persamaan 2
0 = 𝐹2 − 𝑟.................................................................(pers. 2)
Jumlah K2CO3 yang diumpankan kedalam absorber untuk menyerap CO2 dengan
efisiensi 99% adalah sebanyak F2= r= 616,006 kmol/jam. K2CO3 yang digunakan terdiri
dari 70% H2O sebagai pelarut. Maka:
Persamaan :
Jumlah CO2 mula-mula = laju alir mol CO2 pada umpan (F1 CO2)
Jumlah K2CO3 mula-mula = jumlah F2 dalam kmol/jam
Jumlah yang bereaksi
1. CO2 bereaksi = Efesiensi pengikatan x CO2 mula-mula
2. K2CO3 dan KHCO3 mengikuti koefisien
Pada F4, komponen selain CO2 merupakan senyawa inert yang tidak bereaksi
sehingga jumlahnya tetap.
KHCO3 CO2
K2CO3
H2O
Persamaan:
Laju Alir Massa = 𝑙𝑎𝑗𝑢 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 𝐵𝑀
𝐿𝑎𝑗𝑢 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑘𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛
Laju Alir Mol = 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑘𝑢𝑙
OUTPUT INPUT
Σ
SPECIES F5 F6 F3
K2CO3 0 0 F3 – 2r
CO2 F5 0 r
K2CO3 F5 0,F6 r
H2O 0 0,7F6 r
F5 + F6 = F3 ....................................................................................................... (pers. 1)
𝐹3 − 2𝑟 = 0 ......................................................................................................... (pers. 2)
𝐹5 = 𝑟 ................................................................................................................ (pers. 3)
Dari persamaan 2.
F3 = 2r
r = 616,006 kmol/jam
Dari Persamaan 3.
F5 = r
F5 = 616,006 kmol/jam
Dari Persamaan 1.
F5 + F6 = F3
F6 = 616,006 kmol/jam
F8F7 F10
CH3OH
F4
F9 H2
X = 76%
Reaksi utama:
CO+2H2 CH3OH
Reaksi samping:
4CO + 8H2 → 2(CH3)2O + 2H2O
Persamaan:
Laju Alir Massa = 𝑙𝑎𝑗𝑢 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 𝐵𝑀
𝐿𝑎𝑗𝑢 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑘𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛
Laju Alir Mol = 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑘𝑢𝑙
OUTPUT INPUT Σ
SPECIES F10 F7 F9
CO XCO 1 0 -1
H2 XH2 0 1 -2
CH3OH 0,76 0 0 1
Dari tabel diatas, diperoleh persamaan yang dibutuhkan dalam perhitungan laju alir :
CO
𝑋𝑐𝑜𝐹10 = 𝐹7 − 𝑟.....................................................(pers. 1)
H2
𝑋𝐻2 𝐹10 = 𝐹9 − 2𝑟...................................................(pers. 2)
CH3OH
0,76𝐹10 = 𝑟..............................................................(pers. 3)
Dari persamaan 3, diperoleh
𝑟
𝐹10 =
0,76
F10 = 616,006 kmol/jam
Persamaan :
F9 = 936,330 kg/jam
H2 1 2 2464,025 1232,013
Persamaan :
Jumlah CO mula-mula = F7
Jumlah H2 mula-mula = F9
Jumlah yang bereaksi
3. CO bereaksi = Konversi x CO mula-mula
4. H2 dan CH3OH mengikuti koefisien
Reaksi utama
CO 2H2 CH3OH
Mula-mula 616,006 1232,013
Bereaksi 468,164 936,330 468,164
Sisa 147,841 295,683 468,164
Reaksi samping
BM input: output
komponen kg/kmol kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
CO 28 616.006 17248.17662 14.784 413.9562389
H2 2 1232.013 2464.025232 29.568 59.13660556
CH3OH 32.04 468.165 15000
H2O 18 66.529 1197.516263
(CH3)2O 46 66.529 3060.319338
Total 19712.20185 19730.92844
Menghitung jumlah komposisi produk dan suhu Top dan Bottom tower
YD = XD
𝑌 .D
YD = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝐼𝐷𝑌
𝐼𝐷. 𝐷
𝑋 .𝑊
XW = Ʃ𝑋𝐼𝑊 .𝑊
𝐼𝑊
𝐴−𝐵
Psat = exp( 𝑇°𝐾+𝐶 ) 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 = 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑒
1 𝑌𝑖
Xi = 𝐾𝑐 . ( 𝛼𝑖 )
1. Dew Point
𝑃
Ki = 𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑘𝑖 𝑘𝑖
αi = 𝑘 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 = Psat ; Pa
𝑘𝑐
Komponen C
Komponen C
1. 𝛼𝐶 = √𝛼𝐶𝐷 . 𝛼𝐶𝑤
𝑋𝐴𝐷. 𝐷 𝑋𝐻𝐷
2. = (𝛼𝑐 )𝑁𝑚 . ⁄𝑋
𝑋𝐴𝑊 .𝑊 𝐻𝑊
6. Overall balance on C
𝑋𝐶𝐹 . 𝐹 = 𝑋𝐶 𝐷. 𝐷 + 𝑋𝐶 𝑊. 𝑊
(0,11) . 601,222 = 5,093 x 10-5 Xcw.W + 𝑋𝐶𝑤 . 𝑊
= (5,0937 x 10-5 + 1) . Xcw.W
𝑋𝐶𝐷. 𝐷
= 5,0937 𝑥 10−5
𝑋𝐶𝑊. 𝑊
CO2
CH4 CO2
C2H6 CH4
C3H8 C2H6
C4H10H2 C3H8
S C4H10
N2 H2S
N2
Tin = 323,15 K
Tout = 343,15 K
Komponen A B C D
Carbon
Dioxide CO2 5.457 1045 0 -0.00001157
Methane CH4 1.702 9081 -2164000 0
Ethane C2H6 1.131 19.225 -5561000 0
Propena C3H8 1.213 28785 -8824000 0
Butena C4H10 1.935 3.913 -11402000 0
Hydrogen
Sulfide H2s 3.931 1490 0 -0.00000232
Nitrogen N2 3.28 593 0 0.0000004
Q= N .
BM Integral Cp.dT Integral
(Kg/jam) (Kmol/jam)
(Kg/Kmol) (Kj/Kmol) Cp.dT
Komponen (Kj/jam)
Carbon
Dioxide CO2 44.01 675032,894 15338,170 -43818342.951 -6,721E+11
Methane CH4 16.04 133230,176 8306,121 1,884E+13 1,565E+17
Ethane C2H6 30.07 82602,709 2747,014 4,842E+13 1,330E+17
Propena C3H8 44.1 657268,872 14904,056 7,683E+13 1,145E+18
Butena C4H10 58.12 0 0 9,927E+13 0
Hydrogen -
Sulfide H2s 34.1 5329,207 156,282 -62504816,231 9768360929
-
Nitrogen N2 28 10658,414 380,657 -24879070,052 9470408261
Total 1,436E+18
343.15
∆𝐻𝑖𝑛 = 𝑛 ∫ 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇
298.15
T steam = 50 ˚C = 323 K
Tekanan = 7 bar
ΔH (Superheated) = 88820.12Kj/kg
Maka : m = (𝑑𝑄/𝑑𝑇)/(Δ𝐻𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚)
` m = 7297.728 Kg/jam
Jadi jumlah steam yang digunakan sebesar 7297.728 Kg/jam dengan suhu steam 50
˚
C = 323 K.
CO2
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
H2S
N2
CO2
CH4
C2H6 Tekanan 7 bar
C3H8 Suhu 70
C4H10
H2S
N2
Pout = 33 psig
Tin = 70 oC = 343.15 K
BM
(Kg/jam) (Kmol/jam) Xi
Komponen (Kg/Kmol) CpdT
Carbon
Dioxide CO2 44.01 27,384,280 622228,584 1 46425583,618
Methane CH4 16.04 10,766,075 671201,683 1 -1,911E+13
Ethane C2H6 30.07 53,830 1790,156 1 -4,912E+13
Propena C3H8 44.1 7,690 174,376 1 -7,795E+13
Butena C4H10 58.12 3,845 66,156 0 -1,007E+14
Hydrogen
Sulfide H2s 34.1 192,251 5637,859 1 66222188,607
Nitrogen N2 28 42,295 1510,535 1 26358667,907
Total 2,469E+14
R :8.314 kj/mol.K
𝐶𝑝 𝐶𝑝 2.469
𝑘= = = = 0.228999
𝐶𝑣 (𝐶𝑝 − 𝑅) 2.46932 − 8.314
(𝑘 − 1)⁄
𝑘 = −3.367
(𝑘−1)⁄
𝑃2 𝑘
∆𝐻 = 𝐶𝑝 × 𝑇1 × [1 − ( ) ] × 0.5
𝑃1
∆𝐻 = 19072.9 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
Menentukan T keluar
(𝑘−1)⁄
𝑃2 𝑘 ∆𝐻
𝑇2 = 𝑇1 × ( ) + ( )
𝑃1 𝐶𝑝
−3.367
33 19072.9
𝑇2 = 343.15 × ( ) +( )
102.9 2.469
𝑇2 = 235.1468 𝐾 = 23.5119𝑜 𝐶
energi
komponen masuk keluar
Suhu 300
Tekanan 1 bar
CO2
H2O Suhu 135
Tekanan 1 bar
Tin = 408,15 K
Tout = 573,15 K
Komponen A B C D
343.15
∆𝐻𝑖𝑛 = 𝑛 ∫ 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇
298.15
BM Integral Q= N .
(Kg/jam) (Kmol/jam)
Komponen (Kg/Kmol) Cp.dT Integral
Total 2771594,597
343.15
∆𝐻𝑖𝑛 = 𝑛 ∫ 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇
298.15
Integral
BM Q= N . Integral
(Kg/jam) (Kmol/jam) Cp.dT
(Kg/Kmol) Cp.dT (Kj/jam)
Komponen (Kj/Kmol)
Carbon
Dioxide CO2 44.01 27110,438 616,006 1252659,542 7716461,905
Total 8553228,037
Tekanan = 1 bar
Maka : m = (𝑑𝑄/𝑑𝑇)/(Δ𝐻𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚)
` m = 1976.626 Kg/jam
Jadi jumlah steam yang digunakan sebesar 1976.626 Kg/jam dengan suhu steam
˚
135 C = 408K.
CO
H2
CO2
H2O Tekanan 1 bar
Suhu 300
Komponen A B C D
BM
(Kg/jam) (Kmol/jam) Cp dT
Komponen (Kg/Kmol) ∆H
Carbon
Monoxide CO 28 27110,438 968,229 9989789,287 9,672E+13
Hydrogen
Sulfide H2 16.04 1872,659 116,749 9989789,281 1,166E+13
Total 1,083E+14
BM
(Kg/jam) (Kmol/jam) Xi Cp dT
Komponen (Kg/Kmol)
Carbon
Monoxide H2O 28 27110.438 968.229 0.892 24757212.313
Hydrogen
Sulfide H2 16.04 1872.659 116.749 0.107 18759120.510
Total 1084.979 1 43516332.823
R :8.314 kj/mol.K
𝐶𝑝 𝐶𝑝 2411178,697
𝑘= = = = 8.314
𝐶𝑣 (𝐶𝑝 − 𝑅) 2411178,697 − 8.314
(𝑘 − 1)⁄
𝑘 = 6,896
(𝑘−1)⁄
𝑃2 𝑘
∆𝐻 = 𝐶𝑝 × 𝑇1 × [1 − ( ) ] × 0.5
𝑃1
1 6,896
∆𝐻 = 8.314 × 573.15 × [1 − ( ) ] × 0.5
14,7
∆𝐻 = 3317732,678 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑇2 = 137.598 𝐾 = 13.759𝑜 𝐶
Total 1,128E+34
Energi
Komponen
Masuk Keluar
Carbon Monoxide 9.67241E+13 1.00679E+34
Hydrogen Sulfide 1.1663E+13 1.21399E+33
Kompresi 1.12819E+34
Total 1.1282E+34 1.1282E+34
CO
CH3OH
CO
H2
Komponen A B C D
Carbon
Monoxide CO 3.376 557 0 -0.00000031
BM
(Kg/jam) (Kmol/jam) Cp dT
Komponen (Kg/Kmol) ∆H
Carbon
Monoxide CO 28 15000 535,714 79033893332 4,234E+13
Methanol CH3OH 16.04 4139,562 258,077 -1,065E+12 -2,748E+14
Total -2,324E+14
BM
(Kg/jam) (Kmol/jam) Xi Cp dT
Komponen (Kg/Kmol)
Carbon
Monoxide CO 28 15000 535,714 0.805 24757212.312
R :8.314 kj/mol.K
𝐶𝑝 𝐶𝑝 2,860
𝑘= = = = 1,000
𝐶𝑣 (𝐶𝑝 − 𝑅) 2,860 − 8.314
(𝑘 − 1)⁄
𝑘 = 5.813
(𝑘−1)⁄
𝑃2 𝑘
∆𝐻 = 𝐶𝑝 × 𝑇1 × [1 − ( ) ] × 0.5
𝑃1
1 5813,
∆𝐻 = 8.314 × 543.15 × [1 − ( ) ] × 0.5
14,7
∆𝐻 = 3,729 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
Menentukan T keluar
𝑇2 = 1304330,000 𝐾 = 13,0407𝐶
BM
(Kg/jam) (Kmol/jam) Cp dT
Komponen (Kg/Kmol) ∆H
Carbon
Monoxide CO 28 15000 535,714 8,385E+30 4,492E+33
Total 6,656E+33
Energi
Komponen
Masuk Keluar
Carbon
Monoxide 4.2340E+13 4.49236E+33
-
Methanol 2.74812E+14 2.16417E+33
Kompresi 6.65653E+33
Total 6.6565E+33 6.65653E+33
CO2
H2O
CO
H2
Komponen A B C D
Q= N .
Integral
BM Integral
(Kg/jam) N(Kmol/jam) Cp.dT
(Kg/Kmol) Cp.dT
(Kj/Kmol)
komponen (Kj/jam)
Carbon
Dioxide CO2 44,01 1872,438 42,545 107431198 4570739774
Total 90990130630
Q= N .
Integral
BM Integral
(Kg/jam) N(Kmol/jam) Cp.dT
(Kg/Kmol) Cp.dT
(Kj/Kmol)
komponen (Kj/jam)
Carbon Monoxide
(Masuk) CO 28 27110,438 968,229 57378233,262 55555322693
Total 96417041046
Hidrogen H2 0 0
r2 = 468,1648 kmol/jam
-
R2 6585766,624 0 -6585766624 -6585766624 -3,08322E+12
Total -2,99777E+12