e-ISSN 2599-2740
ABSTRAK
Arak merupakan hasil destilasi dari nira kelapa. Arak banyak di produksi di Kecamatan Sidemen,
Karangsem Bali. Produksi arak dilakukan secara tradisional sehingga belum diketahui dengan jelas kadar etanol
yang ada dalam arak tersebut. Metode kromatografi dapat digunakan sebagai metode dalam menentukan kadar
etanol dalam arak. Metode kromatografi dapat digunakan apabila telah dilakukan validasi. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk melakukan validasi metode kromatografi gas dengan detektor ionisasi nyala untuk menentukan
kadar etanol dalam arak. Kondisi kromatografi yang dipilih yaitu suhu injektor 250oC, suhu detektor 300oC,
dengan split rasio 20. Suhu awal kolom 500oC ditahan dua menit pada suhu tersebut, ditingkatkan secara
bertahap sebesar 10oC/menit sampai suhu mencapai 220oC dan ditahan selama lima menit. Laju alir dari kolom
yang terpilih adalah 0,7 mL/menit. Laju alir gas helium 40 mL/menit, laju alir nitrogen 50 mL/ menit dan laju
udara sebagai pengoksida 450 mL/menit. Senyawa standars yang digunakan dalam melakukan validasi yaitu
metanol, etanol dan butanol. Standar internal yang digunakan yaitu butanol. Hasil validasi metode kromatografi
gas yang diperoleh yaitu nilai resolusi Rs > 1,5 dan koefisien korelasi metanol 0,9998; etanol 0,9998 dan asam
asetat 0,9855. Batas deteksi dari masing – masing standar yaitu metanol 0,1059 ng; etanol 0,1688 ng. Nilai
ketelitian ditentukan dari koefisien variasi dari masing – masing standar yaitu metanol 0,7%; etanol 1,8%.
Sedangkan nilai ketepatan yaitu metanol 3,54%; etanol 3,53%.
Kata kunci: arak, etanol, kromatografi gas, detektor ionisasi nyala, validasi metode
ABSTRACT
Arak that contains an alcohol is the result from distillation of coconut palm. This kind of drink is widely
produced in Sidemen Sub-district, Karangsem Regency, Bali. The production of arak is commonly done
traditionally so that the level of ethanol in this palm wine it is not known exactly. The chromatographic method
can be used as the method for determining and then establishing the ethanol content in the wine. This method
can be applied for its determination after a validation has been carried out. This study aimed to validate the gas
chromatography method with a flame ionization detector. The chromatographic conditions selected were as
follows: the injector and the detector temperatures were of 250 oC and 300oC, respectively with a split ratio of 20.
The initial column temperature was of 50oC and was retained for two minutes followed by a gradual increase by
10o C/minute until the temperature reached 220oC and this temperature was retained for five minutes. The flow
rate of the selected column was 0.7 mL/minute. The flow rates of helium nitrogen gases and the air as the
oxidizer were of 40 mL/minute, 50 mL / minute, and 450 mL/minute, respectively. The standard compounds
used in this validation were methanol, ethanol and buthanol, during which buthanol was used as the internal
standard. The result of the gas chromatography method validation was as follows: Rs > 1.5 and the correlation
coefficients of methanol, ethanol and acetic acid were of 0.9998; 0.9998 and 0.9274, respectively, while the
detection limits of methanol and ethanol were of 0.1059 ng and 0.1688 ng, respectively. The precision values,
which were determined from the coefficient of variation from each standard, was found to be 0.7% for
methanol and 1.8% for ethanol, whereas the precision values for methanol and ethanol were of 3.54% and
3.53%, respectively.
Keywords: arak, ethanol, Gas Chromatography, Flame Ionization Detector, validation method
128
Validasi Metode Dalam Penentuan Kadar Etanol Pada Arak Menggunakan Kromatografi Gas
Detektor Ionisasi Nyala
(N. P. Widya Astuti, N. M. Suaniti, I G. Mustika)
A B
Gambar 1. Kromatogram laruran standar (A) Kromatogram arak (B). (1) metanol, (2) etanol, (3)
butanol, (4) asam asetat
130
Validasi Metode Dalam Penentuan Kadar Etanol Pada Arak Menggunakan Kromatografi Gas
Detektor Ionisasi Nyala
(N. P. Widya Astuti, N. M. Suaniti, I G. Mustika)
131
JURNAL KIMIA 12 (2), JULI 2018: 128-133
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