TAKSONOMI
MIKROORGANISME
Sistematika adalah:
ilmu yang mempelajari keragaman organisme dan hubungan
antar organisme.
Identifikasi :
Membedakan jenis-jenis:
- Ukuran mesin
- Jumlah penumpang
- Jenis transmisi
Mengapa sangat
penting
mengklasifikasikan
suatu organisme?
Pneumocystis
jirovecii awalnya
diidentifikasi sebagai
protozoa hingga analisa
DNA menunjukkannya
sebagai jamur.
Dari lebih 2600 spesies yang telah
diidentifikasi
Category Characteristics
Morphology Colony morphology; Gram reaction; cell size and shape; pattern of flagellation; presence of spores, inclusion bodies
(e.g., PHB,a glycogen, or polyphosphate granules, gas vesicles, magnetosomes); capsules, S-layers or slime layers;
stalks or appendages; fruiting-body formation
Motility Nonmotile; gliding motility; swimming (flagellar) motility; swarming; motile by gas vesicles
Physiology Temperature, pH, and salt ranges for growth; response to oxygen (aerobic, facultative, anaerobic);
presence of catalase or oxidase; production of extracellular enzymes
Other traits Pigments; luminescence; antibiotic sensitivity; serotype; production of unique compounds, for example,
antibiotics
Serotypes
Antigenic features
Phage Types
Bacteriophage susceptibility
Colicin Types
Production of bacteriocins
Defenisi “Spesies”
Spesies
• Morphological characteristics
• Presence of various enzymes
• Serological tests (using known antibodies)
• Phage typing
• Fatty acid profiles
• Molecular tests (DNA finger printing, sequence of
ribosomal RNA)
Metode Identification
• Morphological
characteristics:
Useful for
identifying
eukaryotes
• Differential
staining: Gram
staining, acid-fast
staining
• Biochemical tests:
Determines
presence of
bacterial enzymes A dichotomous key
Contoh Identifikasi Bakteri dengan Menggunakan
Metode Klasik Mikrobiologi
Uji Biokimia
Prinsip :
Enzim katalase mengkatalisa pelepasan air dan oksigen
dari hidrogen peroksida
API 20 NE test
Contoh Tes Biokimia
untuk Identifikasi Bakteri
Oxidase test
Serologi
(ilmu yang mempelajari tentang serum dan respon imun nya)