K A Stroud
Hukum dasar aritmetika
• Operasi utama bilangan real: + – x : ^ √
• Hukum komutatif
5 + 8 = 8 + 5 = 13 and 5x8 = 8x5 = 40
4 – 2 ≠ 2 – 4 because 4 – 2 = 2 and 2 – 4 = –2
4:2≠2:4
• Hukum asosiatif
3 + (4 + 5) = (3+4)+ 5 = 3 + 4 + 5 = 12
3x(4x5) = (3x4)x5 = 3x4x5 = 60
3 - (4 - 5) ≠ (3 - 4) - 5 because
3 - (4 - 5) = 3 - (-1) = 3 + 1 = 4 and (3 - 4) - 5 = (-1) -5 = -6
24 : (4 : 2) ≠ (24 : 4) : 2
• Hukum distributif
3 x (4 + 5) = (3 x 4) + (3 x 5) = 27
(2+3)2 ≠ 22+32
Urutan prioritas
1. Kurung
2. Pangkat dan akar
3. Perkalian dan pembagian
4. Penjumlahan dan pengurangan
Faktor dan bilangan prima
• Any pair of natural numbers are called factors of
their product.
factors of 18 is 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 because
18 = 1 x 18; 18=2 x 9; 18 = 3 x 6.
• If a natural number has only two factors which
are itself and the number 1, the number is called
a prime number.
The first six prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7,
11 and 13.
Prime factorization
• 126 = 2x3x3x7
• 84 = 2x2x3x7
• Highest common factor (HCF) FPB
V
h 3R h
2 2
R ?
6
3.
2.
Latihan
4.
5.