Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

PERMASALAHAN GEOTEKNIK DAN ALTERNATIF SOLUSINYA

UNTUK BEBERAPA PROYEK INFRASTRUKTUR UTAMA
DI INDONESIA
Masyhur Irsyam*
*Anggota - Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia AIPI Topik “Tanah yang Berpotensi Likuifaksi”:
*Ketua - Kelompok Keahlian Rekayasa Geoteknik ITB
*Ketua - Tim Pemutakhiran Peta Gempa Indonesia 2010 dan 2017 1. Yogyakarta International Airport
*Anggota - TABG DKI Jakarta dan KKJTJ PUPR
2. Ngurah Rai Airport
3. Soekarno Hatta Airport

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Map of Earthquake Sources for Indonesia 2017

Subduction Megathrust

Earthquake Hazard:
- Tsunami
- Ground Shaking
- Liquefaction

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

EARTHQUAKE - TSUNAMI EVENTS IN INDONESIA (1977 - 2012)

Jaya Murjaya, 2016
A new available geodetic Strain Rate 2010-2015 (Meilano et al, 2016)

Strike Slip fault

Normal fault
8.8
Thrust fault

Ada beberapa daerah Seismic gap diantaranya di lepas pantai Sumatera Barat.
Tahun 1797 terjadi Gempabumi besar Mw 8.9 di wilayah Siberut dan 1833 di
Selatan Pagai serta 1861 di wilayah Nias.

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Tsunami Research Group, ITB

Oceanography Research Division, ITB

Bandung Institute of Technology, Labtek 6 , 4 th floors,

Head of Center for Marine and Coastal Development

Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, INDONESIA

Dr. Hamzah Latief hamzah@ppk.itb.ac.id

Eko Yulianto, 2017

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Damage Due to Earthquake to NYIA:

- Building Damage → SNI 1726-2012

- Liquefaction → SNI Geoteknik
- Tsunami Washout → Perlu belajar ke Jepang

ProyekKulon
NYIA NYIAProgo
KulonProject
Progo

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STUDY VISIT JAPAN RESUME STUDY VISIT JAPAN

Mendapatkan pelajaran “best practice” perencanaan dan pengoperasian Bandara di daerah

rawan Tsunami agar dapat membangun bandara yang
AMAN dan NYAMAN

1. BANDARA SENDAI – POST DISASTER

2. BANDARA KOCHI – PRE DISASTER

3. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport & Tourism (MLITT) - SOP

4.NIKKEN SEKKEI
5. NIPPON KOEI
6. PROF. SEIGO NASU – ADVISOR

ProyekKulon
NYIA NYIAProgo
KulonProject
Progo ProyekKulon
NYIA NYIAProgo
KulonProject
Progo

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Mmax for L2? 8

No Subject Mmaximum
1 SNI 2002 8.2
2 Report USGS for SEA 9.2
3 Irsyam et al, Journal of Earth Sciences 8.5
and System
4 SNI 2010 (Irsyam et al) 8.1+0.2
5 SNI 2017 (Irsyam et al) 8.8-8.9
6 Yulianto +9.0
7 Ron Harris et al, +9.0
8 BMKG 8.5
9 Kesepakatan rapat di AP1 sebelumnya SNI 2017 8.8
10 Head BMKG 9.0

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

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Kerusakan pada tanah: likuifaksi

Likuifaksi Niigata 1964 (1964)

di Niigata Kocaeli 1999

Flores 1992 Padang 2009

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

TYPICAL SOIL PROFILE PAVEMENT FOR AIR SIDE AREA

Pavement surface Long Section Runway

Ground water surface

Long Section Pararel Taxiway Design Criteria:

Pavement surface

Ground water surface •Safety Factor for Liquefaction >1.30 based on NCEER method with PGA 0.4g.
•Settlement < 10cm in future 10 years
•Post Improvement requirements:

NSE: Dynamic Compaction for

Kedalaman Counter Measure of Liquefaction
▪ 0 – 3 m = Very Loose to Loose SAND
▪ 3 – 7 m = Loose to Medium SAND
▪ > 7 m = Dense to V Dense SAND

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Drop height: 15 m to 17 m

Hammer weight: 15, 17, 20, dan 23 Ton

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

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TRIAL TEST OF OF DYNAMIC COMPACTION HEAVE AND PENETRATION TEST

▪ One (1) compaction print/ point is identified and survey
points is pegged in three (3) lines pattern. The distance of
each survey points is measured from the centre of
• Pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan menentukan konfigurasi jumlah pukulan yang compaction point.
harus dilakukan melalui tahapan percobaan. ▪ Pounder is placed on the compaction print/ point and the
top level of the pounder is measured.
• Dari proses tersebut, jumlah pukulan jika diperlukan dapat dibagi menjadi ▪ Compaction starts with one (1) blow and the height of
beberapa tahap pemukulan dan fase ironing. free fall pounder is recorded.
Zona
Zona Zona
Zona
Zona
Zona ▪ Once the pounder reach the ground, the top level of the
pounder is measured together with the level of every
survey pegs surrounding the compaction points.
▪ Compaction processes 3) to 4) is continued and stopped
once the ground heaving surrounding the compaction
Fase
Fase 111
DC Phase point is large (sight judgement).
THE PROCESS

H
Fase
Fase 222
DC Phase W

(if necessary)

VC Ironing
Fase
Fase 33

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

HEAVE AND PENETRATION TEST Internal HPT Result

The data shows that the natural sand is quite good. No adverse heaving
observe during DC work. The value of heaving is found to be nominal.

From the Graph, we are of

opinion that the optimum
blow is at 4 or 5 Blows

Survey work for HPT

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Result of Dynamic Compaction

Internal HPT Result Hasil Uji CPT Zona B - 6 Pukulan
Hasil Uji SPT
N-SPT
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0

1
Depth of print (mm)
2
after
Depth of DC print 3

Number of blows

Depth (m)
4

Kriter ia Desain
Pre-SPT
Increment of DC print depth (mm) before 5
before Post-SPT

Increment of DC Print depth specification 6

after
7

specification
Number of blows 8

Proses Trial (Percobaan) menghasilkan konfigurasi pemukulan sebagai berikut:

1. Berat tamper: 17 Ton
2.Tinggi jatuh: 15 m
3.Jumlah pukulan: 6 pukulan

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

New Yogyakarta International Airport Impulse Compaction for Land Site Area
Rapid Impulse Compaction for Land Site Area, 2018 New Yogyakarta International Airport

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Topik “Tanah yang Berpotensi Likuifaksi”:

1. Yogyakarta International Airport
2. Ngurah Rai Airport
3. Soekarno Hatta Airport

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

PERLUASAN APRON 5.8 Ha

Soil Improvement for Sandy Soil AREA 5.8 Ha

Using Vibro-flotation
Ngurah Rai Airport, Denpasar Header Pit 2B
Header Pit 2A

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AREA PEKERJAAN 3 Ha

AREA YANG SIAP DIKERJAKAN (3 Ha)

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Map of Earthquake Sources for Indonesia 2017

BORING LOG SEMENTARA (CONTOH) Subduction Megathrust

Earthquake Hazard:
- Liquefaction

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TANAH BERPOTENSI LIKUIFAKSI Apakah bisa menggunakan?

Dynamic Compaction Rapid Impulse Compaction

Terkendala oleh:
-Clearance
-Getaran terhadap bangunan eksisting dan pesawat

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Working Progress

Assembly and testing of Vibro-Compaction Equipment

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CPT TEST RESULT (5 Blows)

TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2` TRIAL 3
0 20 40 60 0 20 40 60 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0
0 0 0
qc (MPa) qc (MPa) qc (MPa)
-1 -1 -1

-2 -2 -2

-3 -3 -3

-4 -4 -4

-5

Depth (m)

Depth (m)

Depth (m)
-5 -5

-6 -6 -6

-7 -7 -7

-8 -8 -8

-9 -9 -9

-10 -10 -10

Post CPT 01A Post CPT 02A Post CPT 03A

Trial Test 1 and Trial Test 2 Passed the qc line

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

KSO Menard-Rekakarya
(with permission from Abuhurairah)

an effective and sustainable technique

DYNAMIC COMPACTION Topik “Tanah yang Berpotensi Likuifaksi”:
1. Yogyakarta International Airport
2. Ngurah Rai Airport
3. Soekarno Hatta Airport

RAPID IMPACT VIBRO COMPACTION

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0.50 m

4TH PROJECT: CONSTRUCTION OF RUNWAY 3

TIPIKAL MELINTANG TAXIWAY
SOEKARNO – HATTA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT SECTION 1
60,00

JAKARTA 2018 27,50 17,50

SHOULDER
25,00
MAIN LINE
17,50
SHOULDER
27,50 1.50 m
CL

Saluran-1
RUNWAY 3 TIMBUNAN
TIMBUNAN
Saluran-2
Kolam
Saluran-3 TAXIWAY retensi
`
RUNWAY 2 Stone Column
Pola Segitiga spasi 1,5m, t = 4,5m & 5m

KETERANGAN PVD Pola Segitiga spasi 1m, t = 8 – 16 m

Jalan Perimeter P-401 AC-WC, t = 5 cm P-401 AC-WC, t = 5 cm

P-401 AC-BC, t = 5 cm
Jalan Inspeksi P-304 Cement Treated Base course, CBR >100%, t = 13
P-401 AC-BC, t = 10 cm
P-304 Cement Treated Base course, CBR >100%, t = 30 cm
Saluran cm P-209 Crushed Agregate Subbase, CBR >80%, t = 42 cm
P-209 Crushed Agregate Subbase, CBR >80%, t = 20 cm Control Fill CBR 6%, t = 165 cm
Gardu Catu daya listrik Control Fill CBR 6%, t = 165 cm Sand Blanket, t = 60 cm
Sand Blanket, t = 60 cm
TYPICAL POTONGAN LAPISAN PERKERASAN

Preloading, t = 228 cm Stone Column Pola Segitiga spasi 1,5m,

Control Fill CBR 6%, t = 165 cm t = 4,5m & 5m

Liquefaction → Stone Column

Sand Blanket, t = 60 cm
PVD Pola Segitiga spasi 1m, t = 8 – 16 m

Consolidation → PVD TYPICAL POTONGAN SOIL IMPROVMENT

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

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2nd Trial, 11 April 2018

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