H4
Financial
H7 H8 Financial
Architecture (X2) H10
H5
H3
0.576
Governance (X1) Corporate Value
0.199 (Y3)
–0.004
0.151 0.212
Financial
Architecture (X2)
0.188
–0.021
0.557 0.619
Analysis result
Significant
Not-Significant
Financial
Performance (Y2)
Figure 2.
empirically that has proposed that GCG has an corporate financial architecture in this study is
impact on financial performance. The influence of made up of the combined value of various
GCG on financial performance has previously components/dimensions using a composite index
been claimed by Bauer et al. (2008) and Bachtiar calculation. This calculation is a new method for
(2013). determining the value of financial architecture. The
financial architecture that has three dimensions,
namely, capital structure, corporate governance
The effect of GCG on corporate value
performance and board processing is part of a
Our hypothesis, which stated that GCG has a
modern funding decision that can improve
significant impact on corporate value, was rejected
companies' performance (Myers, 1999).
by a coefficient lane of 0.021 and ap of value
The stronger the formed components/dimensions
0.803. The direction of influence of GCG on
of a structure are, the higher will be the value of
corporate value is negative. The direction of
the financial architecture. This facilitates
negative influence means that the greater the
managers' abilities to achieve good financial
proportion of ownership (by independent
performance. The results of this study are in
commissioners, in institutional, managerial or
accordance with the opinions of Ivashkovskaya
public ownership), the less is the value of an
and Stepanova (2011), who showed that when
enterprise (MBE and PER). The influence of GCG
examining its performance, a company should
on corporate value is based on the theory agency
build in all components of the company's financial
by Jensen and Meckling (1976) which is supposed
design into its financial architecture. Daraghma
to be positive. The practice of GCG where the
and Alsinawi (2010) showed that the financial
greater proportion of the board of commissioners
architecture viewed from the dimension of its
is independent does not affect corporate value.
ownership structure has a significant positive
This can be explained because the addition of a
effect on financial performance. Based on the
board of independent commissioners to a
study conducted by Ivashkovskaya et al. (2013), it
corporate structure is just a formality that meets
was determined that financial architecture results
the conditions under which a company which must
seen from the dimension of ownership structures
be listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. ISE
have a significant positive effect on financial
companies are required to have independent
performance using the ROE proxy. Moradi et al.
commissioners whose numbers are proportional to
(2012) stated that financial architecture seen from
the number of shares owned by non-controlling
the dimension of the ownership structure has a
shareholders with a provision that the numbers of
significant positive effect on financial performance
independent commissioners should be at least 30
with the ROA proxy.
percent of the total number of commissioners.
The result of this research does not support those
empirical studies that have claimed that GCG has The effect of financial architecture on corporate
an impact on corporate value. The influence of value
GCG on the company had been demonstrated by The results of this study found that the company's
Wahab (2007), Bachtiar (2013) and Jauhar (2014).financial architecture has a significant positive
effect on corporate value. Based on the results of
the analysis, it can be explained that the better the
The effect of financial architecture on financial
financial architecture of a company is, the more
performance
solid will be its financial foundation. The results of
The result of this study finds that the company's
this study illustrate that a company's financial
financial architecture has a significant positive
architecture can
effect on financial performance. Based on the
analysis, it can be explained that the value of Financial
architecture on stock return shown there is a significant impact of stock returns
on financial performance. Jiao et al. (2010)
IJPPM showed that the higher stock returns are, the
affect corporate value through an increase in stock
higher will be the trust of shareholders that a
prices and, as we know, the increase in corporate
company's performance is getting better.
value is the main goal of companies.
Investors will be interested to invest in companies The effect of financial performance on stock
that have the prospect of increasing stock prices returns
in the future. Therefore, the reinforcement of Our hypothesis stated that financial performance
corporate financial architecture is a challenge that (consisting of free cash flow, ROA and ROE) is
should be faced by companies. significant for stock returns (consisting of
The results of this study are in line with the results abnormal returns and dividend yields) and this
of the study by Moradi et al. (2012), which proposition was received with the coefficient of
proposed that the financial architecture viewed 0.212 and a p-value of 0.001. The direction of the
from the dimension of ownership structure has a influence of financial performance on stock returns
significant positive effect on corporate value with is positive, which means the greater the free cash
Tobin's q proxy. Isshaq et al. (2009) and Kokoreva flow, ROA and ROE are, the greater will be the
and Stepanova (2013) found that financial abnormal returns and dividend yields. According
architecture viewed from the dimension of capital to Brigham and Gapenski (2006), financial
structure and corporate governance has a performance is the extent of net income by a
significant positive effect on corporate value with company during its period of operation. Financial
Tobin's q proxy. The results of Ivashkovskaya and performance is the end result of a number of
Stevanova (2011) showed that financial policies and management decisions. It could be
architecture seen from the dimensions of concluded that financial performance is a measure
corporate governance has a significant positive of the capability of an enterprise to produce profits
effect on corporate value with Tobin's q proxy. from its management activities.
The result of this research accords with previous
The effect of stock returns on financial
research. The influence of financial performance
performance
to stock return was prove with empirical by some
Our hypothesis which stated that return of stocks
researchers. Research applied by Riley et al.
(consisting of abnormal returns and dividend
(2003) the results show that profit accounting
yields) were significant for financial performance
significantly influential terhasap return stock, and
(consisting of free cash flow, ROA and ROE), was
Alwathainani (2009) the results show that
received with a coefficient of 0.557 and a p-value
consistency growth financial performance the past
0.001. The direction of the influence of stock
company can predicted return the future.
returns to financial performance is positive. This
direction can be defined by greater stock returns
and better financial performance. This outcome The effect of stock return on corporate value
accords to with previous research and theories on Our hypothesis which stated that stock returns
which the formulation hypothesis was based. were significant for companies was received with
Theories to connect the influence of stock returns the coefficient of 0.576. The influence of stock
on financial performance are reflective of signaling returns (consisting of abnormal returns
theory. Signaling theory can also be used to warn and dividend yields) on the value of enterprises
corporate entities whether prospects in the future, (MBE and PER) is positive, which means that the
such as income or cash flow, are expected to rise. bigger stock returns are, the larger will be the
Hence, companies will increase their dividends value of an enterprise, or any 1 percent stock
(Hanafi, 2012). Stock returns constitute a signal or return increase will raise the value of an enterprise
intimation of improvement at a company that, in by 0.211 percent. The theory that connects the
turn, affects financial performance. influence of stock returns to the value of a
The influence of stock returns on financial company is the bird in the hand theory (Gordon,
performance has been demonstrated empirically 1959; Lintner, 1956). This states that dividend
by Johnson et al. (2005) whose results have policy will increase the value of the company due
to uncertainty about the company's future cash finding according to the dividend residual theory
flows. There is a tendency for stock prices to go shows that companies set their dividend policies
up following announcements about an increase in after all of a profitable investment has been
dividends, and the price would decrease if there discharged. It returns a low negative when
was an announcement of a decline in dividends responded to by investors which leads to a decline
(Hanafi, 2012). in the stock prices reflected by abnormal returns.
The influence of stock returns has been GCG is not significantly influential on financial
demonstrated empirically by Akhigbe et al. (1993). performance. The direction of the influence of
Their results show that an increase in dividends GCG against financial performance has been
has positive links with the prices of shares: Huang negative, which means the greater GCG is, the
et al. (2011) found that investors need to assess smaller is the financial performance.
corporate governance seriously when making GCG significantly impacts on the value of
investment decisions, because corporate enterprises. The direction the influence of GCG on
governance not only has an effect that is good for the value companies is negative, in which case
stock returns, it is also able to stabilize stock the greater GCG is, the smaller is the value of an
prices during crises. enterprise. This finding does not accord with the
principles of GCG (transparency, accountability,
The effect of financial performance on corporate responsibility, independence and fairness) which
value can exert an influence on the value of an
Our hypothesis said that financial performance is enterprise. Stock returns significantly influence
significant for corporate value with the coefficients financial performance in a positive direction that
of 0.619 and a p-value of 0.001. The direction of means the bigger stock returns are, the greater
the influence of financial performance ( free cash financial performance also is. Financial
flow, ROA and ROE) on corporate value (MBE performance significantly influences share returns
and PER) is positive which means that the better in a positive direction, which means that the
financial performance is, the higher is the greater financial performance is, the bigger stock
corporate value, or if there is a 1 percent increase returns are. Stock returns significantly influence
in financial performance, this would raise the value companies in a positive direction. This means that
of an enterprise by 0.699 percent. According to the bigger
Brigham and Gapenski (2006), if it was wanted to Financial
maximize the value of a company, management architecture on stock return
would have to make changes and improve on the
weaknesses of the company. The influence of IJPPM
financial performance on a company has been stock returns are, the value of an enterprise is.
demonstrated empirically by Demsetz and Financial performance significantly influences
Villalonga (2001) whose results showed that corporate value in a positive direction, meaning
financial performance measured using profit rates that the greater the financial performance is, the
is significant for corporate value if measured using greater is corporate value.
Tobin's q. This is consistent with research
conducted by Chung et al. (2003) who discovered Implications
that using Tobin's q related a positive significance The theoretical implications and empirical findings
with profitability ( financial performance). of this research successfully tested whether GCG
Bachtiar's (2013) results showed that financial has a significant negative impact on stock returns.
performance measured using ROA, ROE and Based on the thinking of Jensen and Meckling
NPM was significant for corporate value using (1976), which has revealed that there is a
Tobin's q, PER and closing prices as indicators. difference of interest between the managers of
companies and their shareholders, is that when
5. Conclusion, implications, suggestions and the company has low managerial share
limitation of research Conclusion ownership, company managers want more
GCG has leverage that significantly shows stock retained earnings than dividends with the intention
returns traveling in the direction of a negative. This to pursue growth and bonuses based on work
performance. The result of this research supports
the theory of dividend residuality, which proposes market performance of franchise stock portfolios”,
that companies set dividend policies after all a International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality
profitable investment discharged funded. This is Management, Vol. 24 No. 5, pp. 791-809.
further strengthened by the opinions of Alwathainani, AM (2009), “Consistency of firms' past
Radonovich et al. (2009) who stated that the financial performance measures”, The British
company which is at that stage of growth tended Accounting Review, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 184-196.
to set a policy dividend that was relatively small Ammann, M., Oesch, D. and Schmid, M. (2011),
compared to mature companies. “Corporate governance and corporate value:
The direction of GCG's impact on negative international evidence”, Journal of Empirical Finance,
financial performance is inconsistent with agency Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 36-55.
theory ( Jensen and Meckling, 1976), which states Anderson, H., Marshall, B. and Wang, X. (2015),
that supervision by owners through independent “Cross-sectional return patterns in New Zealand's
boards of commissioners, institutional ownership registered and OTC stock markets”, Pacific Accounting
and public ownership should be used as a tool to Review, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 51-68.
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themselves to improve the operational efficiency ofdan capital structure terhadap risk, financial
the company, which ultimately can improve performance, dan corporate value (Studi pada
financial performance. Perusahaan tambang yang tercatat di Bursa Efek
Indonesia)”, Disertasi, Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi,
Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
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