Diketahui:
• Diameter pipa = D = 4 cm = 0,04 m • Jenis pipa stainless steel
• Panjang pipa = L = 30 m ε = 0,002 mm
• Debit air = Q = 8 L/s
• Massa jenis air = ρ = 999.1 kg/m3
• Viskositas dinamik = μ = 1,138 x 10-3 kg/m·s
JAWABAN TUGAS
Asumsi:
1. Aliran steady dan incompressible
2. Tidak ada belokan, katup, dan penghubung pipa.
3. Tidak ada pompa dan turbin
Pertanyaan: ¼ d2
Berapa Head loss (kehilangan tinggi tekan) karena gesekan?
Q/A Q Q
Caranya lihat di ujung:
hf = head loss (m)
= f = faktor friksi (gesekan) belum diketahui
l = Panjang pipa (m) • Panjang pipa = L = 30 m
v = kecepatan rata-rata (m/s) ?
• Debit air = Q = 8 L/s
d = diameter pipa (m)
g = percepatan gravitasi (m/s2) = 9,81 m/s2 • Diameter pipa = D = 4 cm = 0,04 m
Bagaimana mencari faktor friksi ( = f)?
Dengan menggunakan diagram moody
mesti tahu ε/D dan Bilangan Reynolds (Re)
ε = 0,002 mm
D = 4 cm = 40 mm
ε/D = 0,002 mm / 40 mm = 5 x 10-5 Massa jenis air = ρ = 999.1 kg/m3
Viskositas dinamik = μ = 1,138 x 10-3 kg/m·s
ε/D = 5 x 10-5 = 0,00005
λ = f = sulit ditentukan
Karena ε/D tidak terlihat
Kalau begitu
kita perlu beralih ke
Rumus langsung....
Bagaimana mencari faktor friksi ( = f) dengan rumus ?
1. Aliran laminar
0,0155 24,01 m
• Selain head loss karena adanya gesekan, ada head loss lain
yang diakibatkan oleh pembesaran pipa, pengecilan pipa,
adanya belokan (bend), katup (valve) dan berbagai jenis
sambungan pipa.
• Head loss ini dinamakan dengan head loss minor.
• Jika pipanya Panjang, head loss minor dapat diabaikan
karena kecil dibandingkan dengan head loss karena gesekan.
• Tapi jika pipanya pendek, perlu diperhitungkan minor losses
ini.
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A. KEHILANGAN TINGGI TEKAN KARENA SAMBUNGAN PIPA
V2
h Lm K (6.16)
2g
Type K
where hLm= minor loss Exit (pipe to tank) 1.0
T-junction 1.8
Ketika fluida mengalir dari pipa kecil ke pipa besar secara tiba-
tiba, kecepatannya berubah secara tiba-tiba pula; menyebabkan
terjadinya turbulensi dan mengakibatkan kehilangan energi.
15
Petunjuk:
16
ΔP=ghf
Solution:
Dari Tabel (for water): = 1000 kg/m3 and =1.30x10-3 N.s/m2
V = Q/A and A=R2
A = (0.15/2)2 = 0.01767 m2
V = Q/A =0.03/.0.01767 =1.7 m/s
Re = (1000x1.7x0.15)/(1.30x10-3) = 1.96x105 > 2000 turbulent flow
To find , use Moody Diagram with Re and relative roughness (ε/D).
ε /D = 0.06x10-3/0.15 = 4x10-4
From Moody diagram, 0.018
The head loss may be computed using the Darcy-Weisbach equation.
L V2 500 x 1.7 2
hf 0.018 x 8.84m.
D 2g 0.15 x 2 x 9.81
The pressure drop along the pipe can be calculated using the relationship:
17
ΔP=ghf = 1000 x 9.81 x 8.84
ΔP = 8.67 x 104 Pa
Example 6.3
Determine the energy loss that will occur as 0.06 m3/s water flows
from a 40-mm pipe diameter into a 100-mm pipe diameter through
a sudden expansion.
Solution:
The head loss through a sudden enlargement is given by;
2
Va
hm K
2g
Q 0.0045
Va 3.58 m / s
A a (0.04 / 2) 2
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Here again, the value of t is less than 1.0.
Example 6.4
Calculate the head added by the pump when the water system
shown below carries a discharge of 0.27 m3/s. If the efficiency
of the pump is 80%, calculate the power input required by the
pump to maintain the flow.
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Solution:
Applying Bernoulli equation between section 1 and 2
P1 V2 P V 2
z1 1 H p 2 z 2 2 H L1 2 (1)
g 2g g 2g
H p z 2 z1 H L12 (2)
V2 1000
H L12 0.015x 0.5 0.4 1
2g 0.4
V2
39.4
2g
23 V2
From (2): H p 230 200 39.4
2x9.81
The velocity can be calculated using the continuity equation:
Q 0.27
V 2.15 m / s
A 0.4 / 22
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Pin = 130 117 Watt ≈ 130 kW.
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