The Ultimate Last Minute PBT TOEFL Strat

P
BTT
OEF
LST
RAT
EGY
H
ell
o!
C
ha
pt
er
I
TO
EFL
PBTS
TRA
TEG
Y
WI
THT
ip
SANDT
RI
CKS
1
TOEFL apaan dah?

Ini kita kan mau belajar buat TOEFL, tapi sebenernya TOEFL itu apa sih?
TOEFL adalah singkatan dari Test of English as a Foreign Language. Ini adalah test
proficiency yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan bahasa Inggris seseorang.
Ada empat aspek yang akan diujikan, yaitu:

1. Listening Comprehension,
2. Structure and Written Expression
3. Reading Comprehension
4. Test of Written English (TWE)
Ada tiga macam tes TOEFL, yaitu International TOEFL test, Institutional TOEFL
test, dan TOEFL Like-Test. Perbedaannya adalah bahwa soal International TOEFL
selalu baru dalam setiap pelaksanaan tes. Sedangkan soal institutional test dan
TOEFL Like-test soalnya itu bersumber pada soal-soal beberapa tahun sebelumnya
dari International TOEFL test. Masa berlaku tes TOEFL berbeda- beda. Untuk
International TOEFL test, masa berlakunya adalah dua tahun yang dapat diterima di
sebagian besar universitas di dunia ini. la juga dapat digunakan untuk melamar
beasiswa ke luar negeri. Nah untuk Institutional TOEFL Test, masa berlakunya hanya
enam bulan, biayanya jauh lebih rendah, tapi tidak bisa digunakan untuk mendaftar
ke universitas di luar negeri, eh tapi ada kalanya bisa juga dipakai untuk melamar
beasiswa ke luar negeri. TOEFL Like-Test tidak dapat digunakan untuk mendaftar ke
universitas luar negeri, itu hanya untuk memenuhi persyaratan akademik di
universitas-universitas tertentu di Indonesia.
Ada Berapa Jenis TOEFL? Sampai saat ini ada tiga jenis TOEFL yang di keluarkan
oleh ETS (English Testing Service), yaitu:
1. PBT (Paper Based Test) TOEFL
2. CBT (Computer Based Test) TOEFL
3. iBT (internet Based Test) TOEFL
Apa Perbedaan Tiga Jenis Tes TOEFL tersebut?
1. PBT (Paper Based Test) TOEFL

PBT-TOEFL adalah jenis TOEFL Test yang pertama kali dikeluarkan
oleh ETS. Sistem tes pada PBT-TOEFL menggunakan paper atau lembaran-
lembaran kertas soal dan lembar jawaban yang harus diisi dengan pensil 2B.
Materi yang diujikan adalah: Listening, Structure, dan Reading. Nilainya
berkisar 217 – 677. Lama waktu tes adalah 2 – 2,5 jam.
2. CBT (Computer Based Test) TOEFL

CBT-TOEFL adalah jenis kedua, dia ini udah lebih canggih dari PBT-
TOEFL. Sistem tes CBT-TOEFL tidak lagi menggunakan lembar kertas, tapi
langsung dengan komputer. Semua soal menggunakan software dan setiap
THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY INTRODUCTION

2
soal langsung dijawab /dikerjakan di komputer. CBT pertama kali dikeluarkan

pada tahun 1998. Namun di beberapa negara di Asia, khususnya Indonesia
masih diperkenankan untuk menggunakan PBT (ITP-TOEFL) sebagai standar
International TOEFL Test. Sehingga pamor CBT di Indonesia sangat minim.
Materi yang diujikan adalah: Listening, Structure, Reading, dan Writing.
Nilainya berkisar 0 – 300. Lama waktu tes adalah 2 – 2,5 jam.
3. iBT (internet Based Test) TOEFL

iBT-TOEFL atau yang juga dikenal dengan Next Generation TOEFL
adalah jenis terbaru yang dikeluarkan ETS dan mulai diperkenalkan sejak
tahun 2005. ETS banyak melakukan perubahan pada format dan system
TOEFL Test terbaru ini. iBT-TOEFL juga menggunakan media komputer,
hanya saja pada iBT ini menggunakan internet. Dengan demikian peserta tes
langsung online dengan ETS dan menjawab soal-soal tes juga secara online.
Materi yang di tes adalah: Listening, Speaking, Writing, and Reading. Nilainya
berkisar 0 -120. Lamanya waktu tes adalah 4 jam! Fisik dan mental juga diuji di
sini. Persiapannya harus bener-bener siap supaya lancar.
Bedanya sama IELTS? Kalo sama TOEIC?

Selain TOEFL, ada juga yang namanya IELTS. IELTS singkatan dari
International English Language Testing System, yaitu program tes untuk menguji
kemahiran dalam berbahasa Inggris. IELTS biasanya digunakan untuk daftar
studi/sekolah ke negara-negara British English.
Ada dua versi IELTS: Academic Version (versi akademik) dan General Training
Version (pelatihan umum). Versi akademik diperuntukan mereka yang akan masuk
perguruan tinggi dan para profesional seperti dokter atau perawat yang akan bekerja
di negara pengguna British English. Versi pelatihan umum diperuntukan mereka yang
akan bekerja atau keperluan imigrasi (seperti pindah kewarganegaraan). Materi tes
IELTS ada empat, yaitu: Listening, Reading, Writing, dan Speaking. Secara
keseluruhan, tes IELTS membutuhkan waktu sekitar 3 jam. Rentang skor tes IELTS
adalah: 1 - 9. Jika akan digunakan untuk keperluan sekolah ke Inggris, Australia,
Kanada, Selandia Baru maka skor IELTS yang aman adalah 5,5 ke atas.
Ada juga satu lagi namanya TOEIC. TOEIC adalah singkatan dari Test of
English for International Communication. TOEIC lebih khusus diperuntukan orientasi
pekerjaan. Jika kamu ingin bekerja di luar negeri atau perusahaan asing di Indonesia,
maka kamu harus memiliki sertifikasi TOEIC. Materi tes TOEIC hanya Listening dan
Reading. Tipe soal-soal TOEIC biasanya mengarah ke bisnis. Adapun rentang skor
TOEIC adalah 10 - 990. Nah kalo kamu mau bekerja di luar negeri, usahakan skor
TOEIC kamu lebih dari 450.
THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY INTRODUCTION

3
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Alright, jadi sesi pertama TOEFL PBT adalah listening comprehension. Pada
umumnya kamu dikasih waktu 35 menit untuk mengerjakan soal pada sesi ini. Jumlah
soalnya ada 50 biji, eh 50 buah, eh jadi biji apa buah, pak? Biji kalo ditanem jadi apa?
Oke, skip. Lanjut!
Apa aja sih yang diujikan?
Di sesi ini kamu akan diuji apakah pendengaranmu masih berfungsi dengan baik atau
tidak, dan tentu saja, juga kecakapan kamu dalam memahami suatu percakapan lisan.
Oh iya, percakapannya hanya akan diputar satu kali jadi harus benar-benar
diperhatikan layaknya kamu mendengarkan telepon dari si mamah di awal bulan. Nah
di sesi ini apa saja yang akan diujikan?
1. Short Dialogs, percakapan yang irit hanya terdiri dari dua baris saja. Ada orang
ngomong, abis itu dijawab. Udah gitu doang. Biasanya ada 30 percakapan dan
juga 30 soal.
2. Long Conversations, nah yang ini percakapannya agak panjang dikit, 60-90
detik. Ngomongin tentang hal-hal yang ada di sekolah, kuliah, kantor, etc.
Biasanya ada dua percakapan, pertanyaannya ada 7-9 soal.
3. Talks, kalo yang ini lebih ke diskusi perkuliahan atau percakapan akademik
lainnya sih. Panjangnya juga cuma 60-90 detik. Biasanya ada tiga perkuliahan,
nah untuk pertanyaannya ada 11-13 soal.
Secret Weapons for Listening Section
1. Perintahnya kaga usah dibaca, pasti itu direction alias perintah tetep gitu-gitu
aja dari jaman dulu sampe sekarang kaga bakalan berubah. “Listening section,
in this section of the test...” suara si mbak-mbaknya yang ngomong aja sampe
udah pada hafal, kan?
2. K o n s e n t r a s i ! Inget ya, seperti pepatah yang sering kita dengar, “YOLO”,

ini audio diputer juga cuma sekali. Fokus ke sumber suara, merem kalo mau
lebih fokus, tapi jangan sampe ketiduran! Kalo ada yang ketinggalan, udah
biarin! Life must go on, man! jadi kita harus langsung move on dalam hitungan
detik karena penyesalan itu tidak ada gunanya, setuju sahabat super? Kalo
dibela-belain itu yang ketinggalan, lah udah bubar itu sampe akhir bakalan
keteteran.
THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY LISTENING SECTION

4
3. The level goes from easy to hell, pokoknya 30 soal pertama itu yang
gampang-gampang, seterusnya jadi agak kampret. Jadi usahakan kerjakan
dengan sungguh-sungguh karena ini yang gampang lebih banyak cuy.
4. Gunakan waktumu semaksimal mungkin, waktu yang dikasih buat tiap soal
itu cuma 12 detik. Mikirnya jangan kelamaan ya, ini kita lagi tes TOEFL bukan
mau milih calon penganten.
5. Bunder-bunderin, kalo kamu anaknya terlalu lemah lembut (mau bilang lelet
sih sebenernya), jawabannnya ditandain aja dulu, nanti diarsir lagi pas ada jeda
pembacaan direction sesi selanjutnya. Kaga usah rapi-rapi, ini bukan lagi bikin
alis, yang penting itemnya jelas dan penuh. Pake pensil 2B yang ori!
6. Jangan sampe ada yang kosong! Perut jangan kosong, pikiran jangan
kosong, itu lembar jawaban juga jangan sampe kosong! Kalo ada yang
kelewatan, tebak aja tadi apa tuh yang kebayang. Kaga ada pengurangan nilai
jadi semuanya harus diisi.
7. Waktu sisa, kalo kamu anaknya gercep sat set sat set beres dan ada sisa
waktu, langsung baca soal berikutnya untuk memprediksi jawaban apa yang
akan dibutuhkan nanti ketika dialog dilafalkan oleh si mbak-mbaknya.
Tips and Tricks dalam Menjawab Listening Section – Short Dialogs
Jawabnya bukan ada di ujung langit. Noh, di ujung percakapan!
• Biasanya apa yang ditanyain tuh jawabannya dari kalimat yang terakhir di
dialog. The answer is D.
On the recording, you hear:

(man) Billy really made a big mistake this time.
(woman) Yes, he forgot to turn in his research paper.
(narrator) What does the woman say about Billy?
In your test book, you read:

(A) It was the first time he made a mistake.
(B) He forgot to write his paper.
(C) He turned in the paper in the wrong place.
(D) He didn't remember to submit his assignment.

5
Jawabannya itu pengulangan kembali kata kunci di kalimat terakhir tadi.
• Biasanya jawabannya itu ya baris terakhir tadi tapi diulang dengan kata-kata
yang berbeda (parafrase), bisa juga dengan sinonimnya. The answer is B.

(woman) Why is Barbara feeling so happy?
(man) She just started working in a real estate agency.
(narrator) What does the man say about Barbara?

(A) She always liked her work in real estate.
(B) She began a new job.
(C) She just bought some real estate.
(D) She bought a real estate agency.
Jawabannya bukan kata-kata yang "eh kayaknya tadi gue denger ini deh."
• Nak, kamu sedang dipermainkan. Jangan pilih jawaban yang terdengar mirip
dengan dialog karena itu adalah jebakan betmen. Segeralah sadar! The
answer is B.

(man) Why couldn't Mark come with us?
(woman) He was searching for a new apartment.
(narrator) What does the woman say about Mark?

(A) He was in the department office.
(B) He was looking for a place to live.
(C) He was working on his research project.
(D) He had an appointment at church.

6
Tips and Tricks dalam Menjawab Listening Section – Long Conversations
(Kalo ada waktu) preview dulu pilihan jawabannya.
• Nah kira-kira apa nih topiknya? Apa nih yang bakal ditanyain? Kita siap-siap
dulu supaya bisa langsung nangkep jawabannya yang bener.
Fokus ke kalimat-kalimat yang ada di awal.
• Berbeda dengan short dialogs, pada long conversations kita justru perlu
perhatikan kalimat awal untuk menentukan topik, subjek, atau ide pokok
percakapan tadi.
Pejamkan mata kalian dan bayangkan... Kaga, ini bukan ESQ.
• Coba kamu bayangkan situasi dari percakapan tersebut. Siapa aja sih yang
ngomong? Ini lagi di mana? Ngomongnya ini waktu kapan? Gimana tadi
ekspresi si mbaknya yang ngomong? Informasi ini bakal berguna lho.
Sambil dengerin, sambil lihat pilihan jawabannya juga.
• Untuk pertanyaan long conversations, ada beberapa pertanyaan dan

jawabannya itu berurutan di dialognya, ngerti kan ya? Nah, kalimatnya
biasanya juga sama persis dengan apa yang ada di dialog.
Tips and Trick dalam Menjawab Listening Section – Long Talks
Sama aja kaya yang tadi. Wqwqwq.
• People who laugh in wqwqwqwq are not the best jokers, right? Sorry!

7
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Lanjut lagi ya. Jadi, di sesi Structure and Written Expression itu ada dua tipe soal, Part
A - Stucture dan Part B - Written Expression (Kesel kaga?). Pada umumnya kamu
dikasih waktu 25 menit untuk mengerjakan soal pada sesi ini. Jumlah soalnya cuma
ada 40 aja ga boleh kurang lagi udah pas segitu neng boleh tanya toko sebelah.
 Structure, ada 15 pertanyaan (nomor 1-15) yang terdiri dari satu kalimat yang
bolong-bolong layaknya jalanan di ibu kota. Nah, kita diminta untuk melengkapi
kalimat tersebut dengan pilihan jawaban yang ada dan juga harus tepat secara
gramatikal.
 Written Expression, ada 25 pertanyaan (nomor 16-40) yang terdiri dari satu
kalimat lengkap, tapi itu sebenernya salah. Bagi kamu yang suka mencari-cari
kesalahan orang lain, ini adalah pelampiasan yang tepat sekali! Ada empat kata
yang digarisbawahi, salah satunya itu adalah jawaban yang salah secara
gramatikal.
Secret Weapons for Structure and Written Expression
1. Perintahnya tidak perlu dibaca, karena tidak akan ada plot twist yang
menyatakan bahwa tes ini akan menentukan siapa yang akan menjadi peserta
di Hunger Games berikutnya.
2. Mulai dengan nomor 1-15. Iya, kerjainnya ngurut aja. Nomor 1-5 itu yang
paling gampang segampang-gampangnya gampang. Nah, nomer 11-15 itu
agak ribet jadi kalo kaga bisa ya udah ditinggal, tapi harus janji nanti akan
kembali lagi. Nanti ada soal yang gampang lagi, kita bersenang-senang dulu
dengan yang ini. (Wow, playboy much?)
3. Lanjut ke nomor 16-40. Sama seperti sebelumnya, nomor 16-20 itu gampang,
nomor 36-40 bakal agak menantang. Jangan lama-lama di nomor 36-40 ini ya!
Gunakan waktumu untuk yang kamu yakin bisa.
4. Mana janji manismu? Yak, kamu jangan memberikan harapan palsu. Kembali
ke nomor 11-15 jika ada waktu yang tersisa. Masih ada sisa waktu lagi? Kita
coba kerjakan nomor 36-40.
5. Tembak aja udah! Semuanya harus diisi ya! Tidak ada penalti untuk jawaban
salah, apalagi free kick. Pokoknya bebas, tembak semua yang masih kosong!
THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION SECTION
8
Secret Weapons for Structure and Written Expression
Untuk yang bagian Structure:
1. Bacalah! Baca seluruh kalimat secara lengkap, terus coba kenali grammar
pada kalimat tersebut, apa sih yang salah?
2. Cobain dulu semua. Pernah bingung mau beli baju yang mana? Cobain aja
dulu satu-satu. Pilihan di sesi ini juga begitu, kelihatannya emang bener semua,
tapi kalo pas dimasukkan ke soal pasti cuma ada satu yang paling bener. Sama
aja kaya pas beli baju, kan? Kaga juga, kalo baju mah bisa diborong semua.
3. Pastikan kamu tahu kesalahannya. Dari tiap-tiap pilihan jawaban kamu harus
bisa tahu ini apanya yang salah. Nah, kalo udah yakin mana aja yang ga tepat
bisa langsung dieliminasi, kalo mau nebak sekalipun lebih gampang, kan?
Untuk yang bagian Written Expression:
4. Langsung lihat kata-kata yang digarisbawahi. Biar ga buang-buang waktu,

baca kalimatnya sekali dulu, terus langsung perhatikan kata-kata yang
digarisbawahi. Cari aja mana nih yang bikin kaga enak. Nah, kalo kamu
terbiasa membaca bacaan berbahasa Inggris pasti instingnya langsung maen.
Sekali lihat, weits ini nih yang kaga bener! Jadi mulai biasakan membaca ya!
5. Lihat kiri kanan dulu. Bukan cuma nyebrang jalan aja yang kudu ati-ati,
ngerjain soal written expression juga harus lihat kiri kanan. Jadi, kalo sekali
baca kamu tetep ga ngeh mana yang salah, coba perhatikan kata-kata sebelum
dan sesudah kata yang digarisbawahi karena mereka ini yang mempengaruhi
benar atau tidaknya kata tersebut.
Tips and Tricks dalam Menjawab Soal Structure
Pastikan kalimatnya punya subjek dan kata kerja.
• Sebuah kalimat utuh pasti memiliki subjek dan juga predikat, dalam hal ini kata
kerja (verb).
• Biasanya pertanyaan di structure itu berhubungan dengan subjek dan kata

kerja, bisa dihilangkan subjek atau kata kerjanya, atau keduanya, atau bisa
juga ada lebih dari satu subjek atau kata kerja.
9
Contoh:
During the Daytona 500, the lead car ___________, leaving the others far behind.
A. forward rapidly
B. advanced rapidly
C. advanced forward rapidly
D. advanced in a rapidly manner
Jawaban:
Selama Daytona 500 (ini tuh semacam lomba balap mobil deh kayanya), mobil yang
memimpin_____, meninggalkan yang lainnya jauh di belakang. Kita butuh apa?! Duit!
Selain itu? Kata kerja! Iya, kita butuh kata kerja untuk kalimat tersebut.
Pertama, coba pilihan A. Kamu tahu bahwa jawaban A salah karena jawaban A tidak
memiliki kata kerja (forward itu preposisi, walaupun artinya ‘ke depan’. Kalo sebagai
verb, dia artinya tuh ‘meneruskan’ atau ‘menyampaikan’, jadi ya tidak tepat). Kalo
kamu yakin bahwa advanced (verb) dengan rapidly (adverb) pada jawaban B sudah
sesuai untuk mengisi kalimat di atas, kamu ga perlu lanjut ke pilihan C dan D.
Tapi jika kamu kurang yakin, yok kita cek pilihan C. Kamu melihat bahwa jawaban C
berlebih-lebihan bin lebay karena terdapat dua kata yang mepunyai makna
sama. Advance artinya ya ‘move forward’ (maju). Sementara jawaban D juga salah
karena kok kata rapidly (adverb) sebelum manner (noun), harusnya rapid (adjective).
Ingat ya (adjective+noun).
Jawaban yang tepat adalah B. Adverb menerangkan verb (verb+adverb).
Hati-hati dengan objek setelah preposisi.
• Contoh dari preposisi adalah at, with, on, of, to, by, dan seterusnya banyak deh.
• Inget ya, objek setelah preposisi itu BUKAN subjek dari kalimat.
• Coba baca lagi di bagian Grammar Review kalo masih bingung tentang ini.
Contoh:
With his friends, _____ found the theather.
A. has
B. he
C. when
D. later
10
Jawaban:
Kita udah tau kata kerjanya ada found, tapi mana nih subjeknya? His friends? Bukan!
With his friends itu kan artinya bersama teman-temannya, jadi ya bukan subjek. Nah,
karena subjeknya kaga ada, maka jawabannya adalah B. He adalah subjeknya.
Hati-hati dengan appositives.
• Appositive itu adalah noun setelah atau sebelum noun lainnya, tapi mereka itu
sama. Lah kenapa harus diulang gitu? Namanya juga tes kan. Kamu sedang
diuji di sini.
• Nah inget, appositive ini bukan subjek ya! Jangan sampai terkecoh.
• Perhatikan deh, ada lebih dari satu koma! Itu patut dicurigai sebagai appositive.
Contoh:
____, George, is attending the lecture.
A. Right now
B. Happily
C. Because of time
D. My friend
Jawaban:
Lihat deh, ada koma lebih dari satu. Ini yang menandakan adanya appositive.
Walaupun George ini orang, tapi dia bukan subjek dari kalimat. George ini siapa? My
friend. Temen gue, si George, lagi menghadiri perkuliahan. Jawabannya adalah D.
Hati-hati dengan present participle dan past participle.
• Present participle (verb-ing) bisa juga berfungsi sebagai kata sifat dalam suatu
kalimat. Ini adalah kata sifat yang menjelaskan sedang apa.
• Nah, past participle (verb 3) itu juga sama, bisa jadi kata sifat dalam suatu
kalimat. Ini adalah kata sifat yang menjelaskan subjeknya sudah diapakan.
• Mereka juga disebut dengan reduced relative clause. Mereka udah bukan verb
lagi, sekarang udah jadi adjective. Nanti ada deh dibahas di bagian berikutnya.
11
Contoh dari present participle:

The man _____ talking to his friends lives next door.
A. now
B. is
C. he
D. was
Jawaban:
Kita udah belajar sebelumnya, setelah preposisi pasti bukanlah subjek. Oke, berarti
subjeknya adalah the man. Tapi verb-nya yang mana nih? Talking apa lives? Emang
boleh ya dua? Kaga bisa begitu, pak! Talking di sini itu fungsinya cuma sebagai kata
sifat, klausa utamanya adalah “The man lives next door”. Udah lengkap subjek sama
kata kerjanya, jangan ditambah-tambahin lagi. Nah, kita pilih jawaban yang bukan
subjek atau verb (note: to be itu termasuk verb ya, dia itu nonactive verb).
Jawabannya adalah A. The man /now talking to his friends/ lives next door. “Yang
sekarang lagi ngobrol sama temen-temennya” itu adalah kata sifatnya.
Contoh dari past participle:
The packages _____ mailed at the post office will arrive tomorrow.
A. have
B. were
C. them
D. just
Jawaban:
Sama saja seperti contoh di atas, cari dulu subjeknya. Yes, the package! Kan ada dua
verb tuh, jadi salah satunya pasti adjective. Klausa utamanya adalah “The packages
will arrive tomorrow.” Kita cari jawaban yang bukan subjek atau kata kerja. Yes!
Jawabannya adalah D. Just mailed at the post office adalah kata sifatnya. Paket yang
barusan dikirim di kantor pos bakalan nyampe besok. Just maksudnya adalah ‘baru
saja’.
12
Gunakan kata hubung yang tepat untuk kalimat dengan dua klausa.
• Untuk kalimat dengan dua ide yang berbeda, selalu gunakan kata hubung!
Contoh 1:
A power failure occured, ____ the lamps went out.
A. then
B. so
C. later
D. next
Jawaban:
Karena ada kegagalan daya (listrik), ____ lampu-lampu pada mati. Cari kata
hubungnya! Jawabannya adalah B karena merupakan satu-satunya kata hubung. So
menunjukkan konsekuensi atas suatu kejadian. Later, next, dan then bukan
merupakan kata hubung, mereka adalah adverb yang menunjukkan urutan kejadian.
Contoh 2:
_____ was late, I missed the appointment.
A. I
B. Because
C. The train
D. Since he
Jawaban:
Ada dua klausa, berarti harus ada kata hubung! Yang mana? Yoi, bener banget!
Jawabannya yang D. Karena dia terlambat, gue jadi kelewatan janjiannya. Since di
sini artinya adalah ‘karena’ ya! Selain because, since dan for artinya juga ‘karena’.
13
Jangan bingung dengan noun clause ya.
• Noun clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda. Jadi dia bisa
digunakan sebagai subjek ataupun objek dalam kalimat.
• Noun clause ada dua tipe, di dalam klausa itu sendiri ada yang ngomongin
objek tapi ada juga yang ngomongin subjek. Inget, di klausanya sendiri, bukan
di kalimat! Bingung? Jangan! Kita lihat contoh dulu.
• Ngomongin objek, klausa: "What you did last summer" berarti kan you did
something. Something di sini tuh objek kan? Ngerti kaga? Nah contoh kalimat
lengkapnya gini deh:
She knows /what you did last summer/.

/What you did last summer/ will always haunt you.
• Ngomongin subjek, klausa: "What was in the box" berarti kan something was
in the box. Beda sama tadi, something-nya di depan alias ngomongin subjek.
Ngerti ya? Nah contoh kalimat lengkapnya bisa gini:
I don't know /what was in the box/.

/What was in the box/ sounds like a dog.
• Untuk noun phrase yang ngomongin objek, kita bisa pake semua question
words (5W 1H). Contoh:
/How you behave/ is not polite!

Anna explained /why she cried last night/.
/What you said earlier/ hurt their feelings.
The tree collapsed on /where you parked your car/.
• Untuk noun phrase yang ngomongin subjek, kita bisa pake who, what, dan
which. Contoh:
/What happened last night/ is not your fault.

/Whoever wants to join the party/ must provide the invitation card.
You can take /whichever fits you/.
Contoh 1:
_____ asked caused so many problems.
A. He
B. What he
C. Because
D. There
14
Jawaban:
Kita butuh subjek! Duh, sungguh terlalu kalo sampe pilih A. Kalo kita pilih yang A,
verb-nya ada dua berturut-turut. Kan kaga boleh begitu aturan. Jawabannya adalah
B. Subjeknya bukan dia, tapi apa yang dia tanyakan.
Contoh 2:
_____ was on TV made me angry.
A. It
B. The story
C. What
D. When
Jawaban:
/Something was on TV/ made me angry. Ngomongin subjek, kan? Jadi kita pake
apa? Iya, apa. Jawabannya apa. Eh kok malah nyolot? Jawabannya adalah C. Nah
gitu dong!
Satu lagi nih... Relative clause!
• Relative clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai kata sifat. Jadi ya klausa
ini mendeskripsikan si benda sebelumnya.
• Untuk objek, kita bisa pake whom (khusus orang), which (khusus benda), dan
that (bisa untuk orang ataupun benda).
Maksudnya untuk objek begimana dah? Langsung ke contoh:
I like your classmate. We met her last night.
Lihat kalimat kedua! Classmate di sini kan jadi objek (her). Nah kalimatnya jadi
gimana tuh kalo digabung?
I like your classmate /whom we met last night/.
Gue suka sama temen sekelas lo yang kita ketemu pas kemaren malem. Whom
we met last night menjelaskan si 'classmate' ini. Yang mana? Oh, yang kita
ketemu kemaren pas abis pulang pengajian bro.
15
Contoh lagi deh ya:
The package arrived this morning. I ordered the package last week.
Lihat kalimat kedua! The package di sini kan objek. Jadi gimana gabunginnya?
The package /which I ordered last week/ arrived this morning.
Paket yang gue pesen minggu lalu nyampe tadi pagi.
Ciri-cirinya sebenernya gampang, lihat deh, abis kata hubungnya ada subjek
lain!
• Untuk subjek, kita bisa pake who (khusus orang), which (khusus benda), dan
that (bisa untuk orang ataupun benda).
Maksudnya subjek apaan lagi dah? Langsung ke contoh:
I have a brother. He went to Universitas Airlangga.
Lihat kalimat kedua! Brother di sini kan jadi subjek (he). Nah kalimatnya kalo
digabung jadi:
I have a brother /who went to Universitas Airlangga/.
Gue punya adek yang dulunya kuliah di Unair.
Yok contoh lagi!
You have to finish reading the book today. It has 320 pages in total.
Jadinya gimana?
You have to finish reading the book /which has 320 pages in total/ today.
Lo harus selese baca buku yang total halamannya ada 320 ini hari ini. Mantap
gan!
Ciri-cirinya tuh setelah kata hubungnya langsung dihajar pake verb.
• Sebenernya ada satu lagi! Whose! Untuk yang satu ini kita pake buat
kepemilikan, bisa buat orang, bisa juga buat benda.
Contoh:
Jeremy is my cousin. His girlfriend was my teacher in high school.
Nah jadinya gimana tuh?
Jeremy is my cousin /whose girlfriend was my teacher in high school/.
Jeremy adalah sepupu gue yang pacarnya tuh guru gue pas di SMA. Namanya
juga cinta, ya bebas atuh.
16
Contoh lain:
We run a campaign. Its purpose is to raise awareness about animal welfare.
Udah kebayang dong?
We run a campaign /whose purpose is to raise awareness about animal

welfare/.
Kita ngadain kampanye yang tujuannya tuh untuk meningkatkan kesadaran

akan kesejahteraan hewan. Jangan makan sirip hiu, ya temanku. Mending kita
makan siomay ikan aja.
Contoh:
The gift _____ selected for the bride was rather expensive.
A. because
B. was
C. since
D. which we
Jawaban:
Subjeknya apa? The gift. Nah, verb-nya yang mana nih? Oke, jadi kalimat utamanya
adalah “The gift was rather expensive”. Jadi, ada klausa yang menjelaskan the gift ini.
Kita pilih jawaban yang D! Kenapa? Karena itu satu-satunya kata hubung untuk
klausa relatif. Which we selected for the bride adalah klausa yang menjadi kata sifat
untuk the gift. Hadiah yang kita pilihkan untuk pangantennya itu agak mahal. Jadi nanti
pas kondangan kita ngambil gulainya agak banyakan, bawa kantong plastik juga.
17
Tips and Tricks dalam Menjawab Soal Written Expression
Perhatikan hubungan antara subject dan verb.
Apakah hubungan mereka sudah harmonis mawaddah sakinah warahmah? Coba

dicek dulu ya! Beberapa jebakan betmen yang umum sih begini nih:
1. Frasa setelah preposisi itu BUKAN subjek dari kalimat.

The key of the doors are on the table.
Subjeknya adalah kunci! Bukan pintu-pintunya. Ngerti kan? Jadi be untuk

The key (singular) harusnya? Yes, is.
2. Perhatikan apakah ada ekspresi yang menyatakan kuantitas.

All of the books was very interesting.
Ada beberapa kata kunci yang menunjukkan bahwa subjek itu jamak
(plural), misalnya all, some, a few, several, many, half, a dozen, hundreds,
dan sebagainya. Jadi itu harusnya were, karena subjeknya plural.
3. Tapi lihat dulu, apakah subjek countable atau uncountable noun?

The witness saw that most of the fire were extinguished.
Apakah api bisa dihitung? Ya kaga. Semua uncountable noun itu sifatnya
singular. Cara tahunya countable sama uncountable bagaimana? Coba
bayangkan, bisa ga sih kamu lihat dia sebagai satu unit yang utuh? Contoh
water, emang satunya air tuh kaya gimana? Nah kalo book, dia kan jelas
bentuknya satu buku. Ngerti ya? Jadi itu harusnya was.
4. Everybody, nobody, somebody, nah kalo ini teh tunggal apa jamak?
Everybody are going back to the hotel right now.
Jangan salah, bang! Everybody itu singular secara gramatikal. Kata-kata

lain yang sering bikin kamu bingung nih: anybody, anyone, anything,
everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody,
someone, something, each (+noun), every (+noun), neither of (noun), either
(noun or noun), itu semua adalah tunggal alias singular. Nah soal tadi
harusnya pake is.
5. Hati-hati dengan irregular form dari plural countable noun!

Fungi spreads easily on humid areas.
Jebakan terakhir ini agak ribet. Mau gak mau kamu harus hafal. Misal:
fungus jadi fungi, ox jadi oxen, foot jadi feet, mouse jadi mice, person jadi
people, deer tetep deer, dan sebagainya. Fungi jamak, jadi verb-nya kaga
usah pake s. Lagi pilek. Halah. Cek bagian Grammar Review deh ntar.
18
Contoh 1:
Tomatoes grows all year long in Florida.
A B C D
Jawaban:
Kalo kamu buru-buru pengen cabut, bisa saja terkecoh dan memilih jawaban A karena
mikirnya wow kok tomatoes (plural/jamak) kan harusnya tomato (singular/tunggal)
karena kata kerja grows kan untuk subjek tunggal ya? Sepertinya kamu terlalu lugu
dan mudah diperdaya, wahai temanku. Baca dulu kalimatnya secara keseluruhan. Ini
tuh konteks kalimatnya bukan ngomongin satu tomat saja. Tomat yang diomongin itu
ya tomat secara banyakan, jadi kita harus pakai bentuk plural-nya--tomatoes. Nah,
jadi jawaban yang harus kamu pilih adalah jawaban B. Grows seharusnya jadi grow
karena subjeknya plural/jamak.
Masalah dengan struktur paralel!
Bentuk-bentuk ekspresi dalam suatu kalimat haruslah dijaga

keseimbangannya. Maksudnya begimana, pak? Ya bentuknya harus sama
alias sejajar antar semua pihak #equality. Nah ini namanya struktur paralel.
Contoh:
I like to sing and dancing.
Apakah salah? Kurang tepat! Sebaiknya diubah menjadi:
I like to sing and to dance atau I like singing and dancing.
1. Struktur paralel dengan konjungsi koordinat

Kongjungsi koordinat itu bertugas untuk menggabungkan dua atau lebih
struktur yang setara, bisa untuk noun, verb, adjective, clause, dan juga phrase.
Konjungsi-konjungsi ini adalah and, or, dan but.
Contoh:
He holds jobs as a musician, an engineer, and in a restaurant.
She suggested taking the bus this evening or that we take the train
tomorrow.
The speaker told some jokes but finishing with an emotional plea.
Harusnya gimana? Harusnya ya sama bentuknya biar seimbang.
He holds jobs as a musician, an engineer, and a waiter.

She suggested taking the bus this evening or taking the train tomorrow.
The speaker told some jokes but finished with an emotional plea.
19
2. Struktur paralel dengan perbandingan

Nah untuk memberikan perbandingan, hal-hal yang dibandingkan juga harus
dalam bentuk yang setara. Perbandingan seperti apa? Misalnya saja:
more___than, -er___than, less___than, as___as, the same___ as, dan juga
similar to___.
Contoh:
His research for the thesis is more complex than she does.
Sending an email is faster than to post a letter.
You made the same mistake as did yesterday.
Harusnya seimbang kaya gini nih:
His research for the thesis is more complex than her research.
Sending an email is faster than posting a letter.
You made the same mistake as you did yesterday.
Masalah dengan perbandingan.
Biasanya soal-soal yang ada perbandingannya itu sengaja dibikin ngaco, ada
aja yang dikurang-kurangin. Jadi kamu harus ngerti dulu bagaimana bentuk
perbandingan yang bener.
Untuk comparative:
to be + (short adjective+er)/(more + long adjective) + than
Untuk superlative:
To be + the + (short adjective+est)/(most + long adjective)
Note: short adjective adalah kata sifat dengan satu atau dua suku kata
(syllable), sedangkan untuk long adjective adalah kata sifat dengan tiga atau
lebih suku kata. Umumnya seperti itu, ya walaupun ada beberapa kata sifat
yang merupakan pengecualian.
Contoh:
Water is abundanter than gold.
This lesson is the most importantest among the others.
She was more happy this morning than she was yesterday.
Harusnya? is more abundant than, is the most important, was happier.

Gampang kan ya?
20
Masalah dengan bentuk-bentuk verb
Verb (kita lagi ngomongin active verb ya) itu bentuknya ada lima, yaitu base form,
present, present participle, past, dan past participle. Base form itu adalah bentuk dasar
suatu kata kerja. Nah kalo di sekolahan present itu lebih sering dibilang verb 1, present
participle itu adalah verb-ing, past adalah verb 2, dan past participle adalah verb 3.
Terserah sih kamu biasa pake yang mana, tapi biar hemat nulisnya gue bakalan
nyebutnya verb 1, verb 2, dan seterusnya aja deh ya. Contoh gampangnya gini deh:
Base form Present Present participle Past Past participle

Do Do(es) Doing Did Done
P.S. Base form juga disebut sebagai infinitive.Tapi ntar masalahnya jadi rancu,
soalnya ada to-infinitive (contoh: to do) dan bare infinitive (contoh: do). Nah daripada
rancu, gue nyebutnya cuma bare form.
Sekarang kita ga akan bahas tenses dulu deh ya, kita ngomongin tentang penggunaan
bentuk-bentuk verb aja dan bagaimana verb digunakan dalam jebakan betmen di soal.
1. Setelah have, diikuti dengan verb 3.

Ini namanya perfect tense, intinya sih untuk menyatakan “sudah terjadi”.
Pokoknya setelah ada have (ini adalah kata bantu, bukan verb yang artinya
memiliki ya!) baik berbentuk have, has, had, having, pokoknya diikuti verb 3.
Contoh:
He had walk to school earlier. Harusnya: had walked
We have bring our equipments. Harusnya: have brought
He has take the test. Harusnya: has taken
Having ate, they went home. Harusnya: having eaten
2. Setelah to be, diikuti dengan verb-ing atau verb 3.

To be itu ada be (base form), is/am/are (present), being (present participle),
was/were (past), been (past participle). Penggunaannya tergantung subjek ya.
Oke, lanjut. Kalo to be diikuti dengan verb-ing, namanya adalah continuous
tense. Intinya sih “sedang terjadi”.
Contoh:
He was ate his lunch when I came. Harusnya: was eating
We are come to your apartment right now. Harusnya: are coming
He might study in his room when I knocked. Harusnya: be studying
I have been wait here for two hours straight. Harusnya: been waiting
21
Kalo to be diikuti dengan verb 3, namanya adalah passive voice. Kalimatnya

jadi pasif. Subjeknya dikenai suatu aksi dari verb.
Contoh:
The car is repairing in the garage right now. Harusnya: being repaired
The packages deliver this morning. Harusnya: were delivered
We have warning by the principle. Harusnya: been warned
The murderer should punishing. Harusnya: be punished
3. Setelah modal verbs, diikuti dengan base form.

Modal verbs ada apa aja? Contohnya ada will, would, shall, should, can, could,
may, might, dan must. Pokoknya setelah kata-kata tersebut harus diikuti
dengan base form ya.
Contoh:
We should going back to the classroom. Harusnya: go
You can leaves now if you want to. Harusnya: leave
They must told him about the incident. Harusnya: tell
Masalah adjective dan adverb.
Yak, mari lanjut ke permasalahan berikutnya! Mari berkenalan dengan adjective dan
adverb lebih dekat lagi. Sebenernya gampang, tapi harus teliti. Adjective adalah kata
sifat yang menjelaskan noun, sedangkan adverb adalah keterangan yang
menjelaskan verb, adjective, bahkan adverb lainnya.
Contoh adjective:
She is a beautiful girl. (adjective ❤ noun)

The brown dog always barks at me. (adjective ❤ noun)
Contoh adverb:
He beautifully sang the song. (adverb ❤ verb)

The car is extremely expensive. (adverb ❤ adjective)
She truly dynamically dances. (adverb ❤ adverb)
Itu lope-lope biar apa? Biar so sweet aja sih mereka. Selain itu, coba perhatikan
penempatan atau posisi dari adjective dan adverb ini ya.
22
Adjective tempatnya adalah sebelum noun yang akan dijelaskan. Dia kaga mau
mengalah, pokoknya harus duluan.
Langsung ke contoh:
The information important is on the first page. Harusnya: important information
The wedding was held at a church Catholic. Harusnya: Catholic church
Beda dengan adjective, adverb ini anaknya lebih asik. Dia mau-mau aja ditempatkan
di depan, di belakang, atau di tengah. Tapi ada satu tempat terlarang yang ga boleh
ditempatin sama adverb—di antara verb dan objeknya.
Contohnya:
He has taken recently an English course.
Wah ini mengganggu hubungan orang, pak! Kaga bisa begitu. Nah yang bener gini:
He has taken an English course recently.

Recently, he has taken an English course.
He has recently taken an English course.
Kelewat heboh
Jebakan betmen yang terakhir adalah kata yang digunakan secara berlebih-lebihan
sehingga tidak efektif. Udah ditulis begini, eh ditambahin lagi kata yang artinya sama.
Nah itu kaga diperbolehkan. Harus salah satunya aja yang dipake. Beberapa
contohnya begini nih:
Advance forward, progress forward, proceed forward
Return back, revert back
Sufficient enough
Repeat again
Contoh kalimatnya:
The general ordered the frontline to advance forward.
The astronauts returned back home safely.
The amount of water is not sufficient enough.
Can you please repeat again the last sentence?
23
READING COMPREHENSION
Terakhir ada reading comprehension. Pada sesi ini, akan ada bacaan pendek dan
kamu diminta untuk memahami isi bacaan dengan menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan
yang diajukan. Pada umumnya kamu dikasih waktu 55 menit untuk mengerjakan soal
pada sesi ini. Soalnya ada berapa nih? Ada 50 butir soal. Jangan begadang sebelum
tes karena sesi ini pasti bikin tambah ngantuk. Jangan lupa sarapan dan ke toilet
sebelum tes karena sesi ini akan butuh konsentrasi tinggi! Ga juga deng, tapi ya udah
sih ikuti saja nasihat dariku, nak.
Pada sesi ini akan ada (biasanya) lima bacaan pendek tentang berbagai macam topik
yang tidak terduga. Nah, kamu akan diberikan pertanyaan pilihan ganda yang
jawabannya itu berdasarkan isi bacaan tadi. Apa saja sih yang biasanya ditanyakan?
 In line 4, the word "protruding" is closest in meaning to

Nah ini sama saja kamu disuruh cari persamaan kata di bacaan tersebut.
Perkaya vocabulary! Mulai sekarang banyak-banyak baca artikel bahasa
Inggris deh, nonton TV series atau film juga bisa (pakai subtitle bahasa Inggris)
(kalau ga ngerti artinya pause dulu, cari artinya lewat kamus di smartphone
kamu)(Sherlock Holmes oke tuh)(ini kebanyakan tanda kurung dah)
 The main point of this passage is that
Kalo ini tuh cari ide pokok dari bacaan. Kalo mau cepet sih kamu bisa baca
kalimat pertama atau terakhir dari bacaan, tapi kalo masih belum nangkep ya
baca dulu secara keseluruhan dengan cara skimming.
 It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that…

It is implied in the passage that…
Apa sih yang bisa kita simpulkan dari isi bacaan? Nah ini tergantung soalnya
mau nanya tentang apa dulu. Dari pilihan jawabannya, cari deh mana yang
menggambarkan isi paragraf atau bacaan tersebut.
 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passsage...

According to paragraph 2, all of the followings are true EXCEPT
Ini lebih mudah sih, soalnya kamu kan udah baca bacaannya, tinggal pilih deh
mana sih ini yang tidak sesuai dengan apa yang tadi kamu baca? Tapi tetep
harus teliti ya!
 The word "they" in line 8 refers to

Pronoun ini kan kata ganti. Cari aja subjek yang terdekat dan tercocok sebelum
pronoun ini. Selesai perkara. Eh tapi tetep harus teliti dan tidak boleh takabur.
THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY READING SECTION

24
Secret Weapons for Reading Section
1. Sekali lagi, perintahnya tidak perlu dibaca, karena tidak berfaedah.
2. Skimming alias baca sepintas. Karena waktunya sangat terbatas, kamu ga

perlu menghayati dengan sepenuh hati isi dari bacaan ini. Baca aja sepintas,
abis itu langsung baca soal, dia maunya apa sih? Terus cari deh di bacaan.
3. Kita bukanlah om Google. Jangan khawatir kalo topik bacaannya ga familiar.

Jangan nyerah cuma gara-gara topiknya tentang anatomi tubuh reptil padahal
kamu anak akuntansi. Semua jawabannya ada di bacaan, jadi ya kamu ga perlu
jadi mahasiswa kedokteran hewan untuk bisa menjawab pertanyaan tersebut.
4. Jangan hanyut dalam buaian soal. Kalo udah buntu banget ya udah tembak
langsung aja. Jangan gara-gara satu soal terus banyak yang kaga sempet diisi.
Inget waktu ya, nak! Udah jam berapa ini?! *dibaca dengan intonasi si mamah*
Tips and Tricks dalam Menjawab Soal Structure
Mencari ide pokok dari bacaan.
Nah, pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang menujukkan kita suruh cari ide pokok tuh biasanya
begini nih:
What is the topic of the passage?

What is the subject of the passage?
What is the main idea of the passage?
What is the author’s main point in the passage?
Cara cepat mencari ide pokok:
 Baca aja kalimat pertama tiap-tiap paragraf. Kalo cuma satu paragraf, berarti
ide pokoknya ya kalimat pertama atau terakhir dari paragraf itu.
 Cari ada kesamaan apa dari kalimat-kalimat itu. Ini lagi ngomongin apa sih?
 Lihat sepintas seluruh bacaan, jangan lama-lama ya. Lihat, cocok ga sih sama
topik yang jadi jawaban kamu?
Pertanyaan dengan jawaban yang langsung disebutkan di bacaan
Ada pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang jawabannya itu langsung secara detil ada di

bacaannya tanpa kita harus mikir sendiri, modelnya begini nih pertanyaannya:

25
According to the passage, _____?

It is stated in the passage that _____
The passage indicates that _____
Which of the following is true _____?
Nah sekarang cara jawabnya nih:

 Cari beberapa kata kunci dari pertanyaannya.
 Skimming di bacaan tersebut sampe ketemu itu kata kunci.
 Nah, kalo ada kata-kata tersebut dalam satu kalimat, itu jawabannya!
Selain yang disebutkan, ada juga pertanyaan yang justru minta kamu untuk cari tahu
mana nih yang sebenernya kaga ada di bacaan. Contoh pertanyaannya seperti ini:
Which of the following is not true _____?

Which of the following is not mentioned _____?
Which of the following is not discussed _____?
All of the following are true except _____
Cara jawabnya hampir mirip sama sebelumnya:

 Cari beberapa kata kunci dari pilihan jawaban.
 Skimming di bacaan tersebut sampe ketemu itu kata kunci.
 Nah, kalo ada kata-kata tersebut dalam satu kalimat, itu bukan jawabannya!
 Cari terus sampe ada satu yang bener-bener ga diomongin di bacaan
Satu lagi nih yang jawabannya langsung bisa ketemu di bacaan. Referensi dari kata
ganti atau pronoun. Contoh pertanyaannya seperti ini:
The word “xxx” in line n refers to _____
Cara jawabnya gampang banget:

 Cari dulu itu posisinya di baris berapa, gunakan indeks di kiri bacaan.
 Sebelum itu pronoun, lihat ada subjek apa saja?
 Nah, biasanya subjek yang terdekat dengan prounoun adalah jawabannya.
 Tapi coba cocokan dulu satu-satu jawabannya, bener masuk kaga sih?
Pertanyaan dengan jawaban yang tidak disebutkan di bacaan
Kalo tadi kita bisa langsung tahu jawabannya karena dinyatakan langsung di bacaan,
sekarang kita harus agak mikir dan menarik kesimpulan sendiri sebelum menjawab.
Biasanya contoh soalnya seperti ini nih:
It is implied in the passage that _____

It can be inferred from the passage that _____
It is most likely that _____

26
Sekarang cara jawabnya:

 Pada pertanyaan, cari kata kuncinya. Informasi apa yang mau dijawab?
 Scanning untuk kata kunci itu atau kata-kata lain dengan ide yang mirip.
 Setelah ketemu kalimatnya, tarik kesimpulan dari kalimat itu sebagai jawaban.
Pertanyaan tentang vocabulary
Ini soal gampang-gampang susah sih sebenernya. Kita diminta cari persamaan kata
yang ada di bacaan. Contoh pertanyaannya:
The word “xxx” in line n is closest in meaning to _____

The word “xxx” in line n can be replaced by _____
Cara jitu jawabnya kalo kamu sama sekali ga tau artinya:

 Cari dimana itu kata-kata, pake indeks di kiri bacaan biar cepet.
 Nah untuk tahu definisi kata tersebut, carilah clue-clue berikut:
Definisi: known as, defined as, dan called
Tanda baca: tanda kurung “()” dan tanda garis “—“
Pernyataan ulang: or, that is, in other word, dan i.e.
Contoh: such as, for example, dan e.g.
 Perhatikan petunjuk-petunjuk itu dan baca kalimatnya dengan seksama. Nah,
kira-kira apa tuh yang dimaksud?
 Kalo kamu suka memperhatikan prefix, suffix, dan root word atau asal-usul
kata, itu juga akan sangat membantu lho! Misalnya sol artinya adalah satu,
solitude artinya apa? Kesendirian. Contoh lain deh, multi artinya banyak,
multilateral artinya banyak pihak yang terlibat. Nah gitu-gitu lah pokoknya.
Coba cek di bagian Grammar Review ya!

C
ha
pt
er
II
P
rac
ti
cet
est
1
27
Structure and Written Expression

Time: 25 minutes
40 questions
Part A
1. After the funeral, the residents of the apartment building _____

(A) sent faithfully flowers to the cemetery all weeks.
(B) sent to the cemetery each weeks flowers faithfully.
(C) sent flowers to the cemetery faithfully each week.
(D) sent each week faithfully to the cemetery flowers.
2. Because the first pair of pants didn’t fit properly, he asked for _____
(A) another pants.
(B) others pants.
(C) the others ones.
(D) another pair.
3. The committee has met and _____

(A) they have reached a decision.
(B) it has formulated themselves some opinions.
(C) its decision was reached at.
(D) it has reached a decision.
4. Alfred Adam has not _____

(A) lived lonelynessly in times previous.
(B) never before live sole.
(C) ever lived alone before.
(D) before lived without the company of his friends.
5. John's score on the test is the highest in the class; _____

(A) he should study last night.
(B) he should have studied last night.
(C) he must have studied last night.
(D) he must had to study last night.
6. Henry will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because _____
(A) he must to teach a class.
(B) he will be teaching a class.
(C) of he will teach a class.
(D) he will have teaching a class.
THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY PRACTICE TEST 1

28
7. Having been served lunch, _____

(A) the problem was discussed by the members of the committee.
(B) the committee members discussed the problem.
(C) it was discussed by the committee members the problem.
(D) a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee.
8. Florida has not yet ratified the amendment, and _____

(A) several other states hasn't either.
(B) neither has some of the others states.
(C) some other states also have not either.
(D) neither have several other states.
9. The chairman requested that _____

(A) the members studied more carefully the problem.
(B) the problem was more carefulnessly studied.
(C) with more carefulness the problem could be studied.
(D) the members study the problem more carefully.
10. California relies heavily on income from fruit crops, and _____
(A) Florida also.
(B) Florida too.
(C) Florida is as well.
(D) so does Florida.
11. The professor said that _____

(A) the students can turn over their reports on the Monday.
(B) the reports on Monday could be received from the students by him.
(C) the students could hand in their reports on Monday.
(D) the students will on Monday the reports turn in.
12. This year will be difficult for this organization because _____
(A) they have less money and volunteers than they had last year.
(B) it has less money and fewer volunteers than it had last year.
(C) the last year it did not have as few and little volunteers and money.
(D) there are fewer money and volunteers that in the last year there were.
13. The teachers have had some problems deciding _____

(A) when to the students they shall return the final papers.
(B) when are they going to return to the students the final papers.
(C) when they should return the final papers to the students.
(D) the time when the final papers they should return for the students.
14. She wanted to serve some coffee to her guests; however, _____
(A) she hadn't many sugar
(B) there was not a great amount of the sugar
(C) she did not have much sugar
(D) she was lacking in amount of the sugar

29
15. There has not been a great response to the sale, _____?
(A) does there
(B) hasn't there
(C) hasn't it
(D) has there
Part B
16. The main office of the factory can be found in Maple Street in New York City.
A B C D
17. Because there are less members present tonight than there were last night,
A B C
we must wait until the next meeting to vote.
D
18. David is particularly fond of cooking, and he often cooks really delicious
A B C D
meals.
19. The progress made in space travel for the early 1960s is remarkable.
A B C D
20. Sandra has not rarely missed a play or concert since she was seventeen
A B C D
years old.
21. The governor has not decided how to deal with the new problems already.
A B C D
22. There was a very interesting news on the radio this morning about the
A B C D
earthquake in Italy.
23. The professor had already given the homework assignment when he had
A B
remembered that Monday was a holiday.
C D
24. Having been beaten by the police for striking an officer, the man will cry out in
A B C D
pain.
25. This table is not sturdy enough to support a television, and that one probably
A B C
isn't neither.
D
26. The bridge was hitting by a large ship during a sudden storm last week.
A B C D
27. The company representative sold to the manager a sewing machine for forty
A B C D
dollars.

30
28. The taxi driver told the man to don't allow his disobedient son to hang out the
A B C D
window.
29. These televisions are quite popular in Europe, but those ones are not.
A B C D
30. Harvey seldom pays his bills on time, and his brother does too.
A B C D
31. The price of crude oil used to be a great deal lower than now, wasn’t it?
A B C D
32. When an university formulates new regulations, it must relay its decision to
A B C D
the students and faculty.
33. Jim was upset last night because he had to do too many homeworks.
A B C D
34. There is some scissors in the desk drawer in the bedroom if you need them.
A B C D
35. The Board of Realtors doesn't have any informations about the increase in
A B C D
rent for this area.
36. George is not enough intelligent to pass this economics class without help.
A B C D
37. There were so much people trying to leave the burning building that the police
A B C D
had a great deal of trouble controlling them.
38. John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975, but he is now living in Detroit.
A B C D
39. The fire began in the fifth floor of the hotel, but it soon spread to adjacent
A B C D
floors.
40. Mrs. Anderson bought last week a new sport car, however, she has yet to
A B C
learn how to operate the manual gearshift.
D

31
Reading Comprehension
Time: 55 minutes
50 questions
Questions 1 through 10 are based on the following passage.
The Stone Age was a period of history which began in

approximately 2 million B.C. and lasted until 3000 B.C. Its
name was derived from the stone tools and weapons that
modern scientists found. This period was divided into the
(5) Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Ages. During the first
period (2 million to 8000 B.C.), the first hatchet and use of fire
for heating and cooking were developed. As a result of the lce
Age, which evolved about 1 million years into the Paleolithic
Age, people were forced to seek shelter in caves, wear
(10) clothing, and develop new tools.
During the Mesolithic Age (8000 to 6000 B.C.), people
made crude pottery and the first fish hooks, took dogs hunting,
and developed the bow and arrow, which were used until the
fourteenth century A.D. The Neolithic Age (6000 to 3000 B.C.)
(15) saw humankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle,
being less nomadic than in previous eras, establishing
permanent settlements, and creating governments.
1. Into how many periods was the Stone Age divided?

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
2. In line 3, the word "derived" is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) originated (C) hallucinated
(B) destroyed (D) discussed
3. Which of the following was developed earliest?

(A) Fish hook (C) Bow and arrow
(B) Hatchet (D) Pottery
4. Which of the following developments is NOT related to the conditions of the

Ice Age?
(A) Farming (C) Living indoors
(B) Clothing (D) Using fire
5. The word "crude" in line 12 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) extravagant (C) vulgar
(B) complex (D) primitive

32
6. The author states that the Stone Age was so named because _____.
(A) it was very durable like stone
(B) the tools and weapons were made of stone
(C) there was little vegetation
(D) the people lived in stone caves
7. In line 16, "nomadic" is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) sedentary (C) primitive
(B) wandering (D) inquisitive
8. With what subject is the passage mainly concerned?

(A) The Neolithic Age (C) The Stone Age
(B) The Paleolithic Age (D) The Ice Age
9. Which of the following best describes the Mesolithic Age?

(A) People were inventive.
(B) People stayed indoors all the time.
(C) People were warriors.
(D) People were crude.
10. In line 16, the word "eras" is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) families (C) herds
(B) periods (D) toots
Hot boning is an energy-saving technique for the meat

processing industry. It has received significant attention in
recent years when increased pressure for energy
conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient
(5) methods of processing the bovine carcass. Cooling an entire
carcass requires a considerable amount of refrigerated space,
since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with the
muscle. It is also necessary to space the carcasses
adequately in the refrigerated room for better air movement
(10) and prevention of microbial contamination, thus adding to the
volume requirements for carcass chillers.
Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef
sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning. Chilling in
the traditional fashion is also associated with a loss of carcass
(15) weight ranging from 2 percent to 4 percent due to evaporation
of moisture from the meat tissue. Early excision, or hot boning,
of muscle prerigor followed by vacuum packaging has several
potential advantages. By removing only the edible muscle and
fat prerigor, refrigeration space and costs are minimized,
(20) boning labor is decreased, and storage yields increased.

33
Because hot boning often results in the toughening of meat, a

more recent approach, hot boning following electrical
stimulation, has been used to reduce the necessary time of
rigor mortis.
(25) Some researchers have found this method beneficial in
maintaining tender meat, while others have found that the
meat also becomes tough after electrical stimulation.
11. The word "accentuated" in line 4 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) de-emphasized (C) caused
(B) speeded up (D) highlighted
12. All of the following are mentioned as drawbacks of the conventional method of
boning EXCEPT _____.
(A) Storage space requirements
(B) Energy waste
(C) Loss of carcass weight
(D) Toughness of meat
13. In line 3, the word "pressure" is nearest in meaning to _____.

(A) urgency (C) flavor
(B) weight (D) cooking texture
14. Hot boning is becoming very popular because _____.

(A) it causes meat to be very tender
(B) it helps conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional methods
(C) meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meat
(D) it reduces the weight of the carcass
15. In line 11, "carcass chiller" is nearest in meaning to _____.

(A) a refrigerator for the animal body
(B) a method of boning meat
(C) electrical stimulation of beef
(D) early excision
16. In line 16, "early excision" is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) vacuum packaging (C) carcass chilling
(B) hot boning (D) electrical stimulation
17. The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by _____.
(A) following hot boning with electrical stimulation
(B) tenderizing the meat
(C) using electrical stimulation before hot boning
(D) removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor
18. The word "bovine" in line 5 is nearest in meaning to _____.

(A) cold (C) beef
(B) electrically stimulated (D) pork

34
19. The word "this" in line 25 refers to _____.

(A) hot boning
(B) hot boning following electrical stimulation
(C) rigor mortis
(D) removing edible muscle and fat prerigor
20. In line 5, the word "carcass" is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) deboned meat (C) refrigerator
(B) body (D) fat
21. The word "considerable" in line 6 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) frigid (B) kind (C) lesser (D) substantial
22. One reason it is recommended to remove bones before refrigerating is that ___.
(A) it makes the meat more tender
(B) the bones are able to be used for other purposes
(C) it increases chilling time
(D) it saves cooling space by not refrigerating parts that will be discarded
23. The word "trimmable" in line 7 is nearest in meaning to _____.

(A) unsaturated (C) unhealthy
(B) removable (D) chillable
In 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems with

disease, high costs, and politics, the Panama Canal was
officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
by allowing ships to pass through the fifty-mile canal zone
(5) instead of traveling some seven thousand miles around Cape
Horn. It takes a ship approximately eight hours to complete the
trip through the canal and costs an average of fifteen thousand
dollars, one tenth of what it would cost an average ship to
round the Horn. More than fifteen thousand ships pass
(10) through the locks each year.
The French initiated the project but sold their rights to the
United States, which actually began the construction of the
project. The latter will control it until the end of the twentieth
century.
24. Who currently controls the Panama Canal?

(A) France (C) Panama
(B) United States (D) Canal Zone
25. The word "locks" in line 10 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) securities (C) lakes
(B) latches (D) canal gates

35
26. On the average, how much would it cost a ship to travel around Cape Horn?
(A) $1,500 (B) $15,000 (C) $150,000 (D) $1,500,000
27. In what year was construction begun on the canal?

(A) 1881 (B) 1920 (C) 1939 (D) 1999
28. It can be inferred from this passage that _____.

(A) the canal is a costly project which should be reevaluated
(B) despite all the problems involved, the project is beneficial
(C) many captains prefer to sail around Cape Horn because it is less expensive
(D) problems have made it necessary for three governments to control the canal
over the years
29. In line 3, the word "linking" is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) controlling (C) detaching
(B) dispersing (D) joining
30. In line 11, "initiated" is nearest in meaning to _____.

(A) purchased (C) forfeited
(B) launched (D) forced
31. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(A) it costs so much to pass through the locks because very few ships use them
(B) the United States received the rights to the canal from the French
(C) a ship can pass through the canal in only eight hours
(D) passing through the canal saves thousands of miles of travel time around
Cape Horn
In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot
(15) of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks' chief god, Zeus. The
warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for preparedness
in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greek to create
(5) competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate
at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek males
(20) who had no criminal record. The Greeks emphasized physical
fitness and strength in then education of youth. Therefore,
contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing,
(10) boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual
cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount
Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive
wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about
their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of
friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the

36
games to take place. They also helped to strengthen bonds

among competitors and the different cities represented.
The Greeks attached so much importance to the games
that they calculated time in four-year cycles called
"Olympiads," dating from 776 B.C. The contests coincided
with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the
part of the participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed
the rules were dismissed and seriously punished. These
athletes brought shame not only to themselves, but also to the
cities they represented.
32. Which of the following is NOT true?

(A) Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.
(B) The games were held in Greece every four years.
(C) Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.
(D) Poems glorified the winners in song.
33. The word "elite" in line 5 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) aristocracy (C) intellectuals
(B) brave (D) muscular
34. Why were the Olympic Games held?

(A) To stop wars
(B) To honor Zeus
(C) To crown the best athletes
(D) To sing songs about the athletes
35. Approximately how many years ago did these games originate?
(A) 800 years (C) 2,300 years
(B) 1,200 years (D) 2,800 years
36. What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?

(A) They were pacifists.
(B) They believed athletic events were important.
(C) They were very simple.
(D) They couldn't count, so they used "Olympiads" for dates.
37. What is the main idea of this passage?

(A) Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks.
(B) The Greeks severely punished those who did not participate in physical
fitness programs.
(C) The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the games.
(D) The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so that they
could go back to war when the games were over.

37
38. In line 14, the word "deeds" is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) accomplishments (C) documents
(B) ancestors (D) property
39. Which of the following was ultimately required of all athletes competing in the
Olympics?
(A) They must have completed military service.
(B) They had to attend special training sessions.
(C) They had to be Greek males with no criminal record.
(D) They had to be very religious.
40. The word "halted" in line 16 means most nearly the same with _____.
(A) encouraged (C) curtailed
(B) started (D) fixed
41. What is an "Olympiad"?

(A) The time it took to finish the games
(B) The time between games
(C) The time it took to finish a war
(D) The time it took the athletes to train
Tampa, Florida, owes a great deal of its growth and

prosperity to a Cuban cigar manufacturer named Vicente
Martinez Ybor. When civil war broke out in 1869, he was
forced to flee his country, and he moved his business to south
(5) Florida. Sixteen years later, labor union problems in Key West
caused him to seek a better location along the west coast of
the state. He bought a forty-acre tract of land and made plans
to set up his cigar factory on the site. This original sixteen-
block stretch of land later expanded to one hundred acres
(10) near Tampa. This newly developed area was called Ybor City
in his honor. Spanish, Italian, and Cuban immigrants flocked
to the area as the demand for workers in the cigar factory
increased. One fifth of the city's twenty thousand residents
enjoyed the high-paying jobs there. At the end of the 1800s,
(15) Jose Marti, a Cuban poet and freedom fighter, organized a
revolution from Ybor City and managed to get considerable
support for his movement. Teddy Roosevelt's "Rough Riders"
were stationed there during the Spanish-American War in
1898. Much of the prosperity of this region is due to Ybor's
cigar factory established more than one hundred years ago.

38
42. Where is Ybor City located?

(A) South Florida (C) West Florida
(B) Cuba (D) Marti
43. The word "flee" in line 4 means most nearly the same as _____.
(A) escape (C) fight
(B) return to (D) disembody
44. The word "seek" in line 6 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) purchase (B) pursue (C) elude (D) develop
45. Why will people probably continue to remember Ybor’s name?

(A) He suffered a great deal.
(B) An area was named in his honor.
(C) He was a Cuban revolutionary.
(D) He was forced to flee his homeland.
46. In line 11, the word "flocked" is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) came in large numbers
(B) escaped hurriedly
(C) increased rapidly
(D) prospered greatly
47. In the early years, how many residents of Ybor City worked in the cigar factory?
(A) 4,000 (B) 5,000 (C) 10,000 (D) 20,000
48. What is the best title for the passage?

(A) The Spanish-American War
(B) Cuban Contributions in the Development of Ybor City
(C) Ybor's Contribution to Developing Part of the Tampa Area
(D) The Process of Cigar Manufacturing
49. In line 8, "site" is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) location (C) vision
(B) view (D) indebtedness
50. Who was Jose Marti?

(A) A good friend of Ybor
(B) One of Teddy Roosevelt's "Rough Riders"
(C) A Cuban writer who sought to free his country
(D) A worker in the cigar factory

C
ha
pt
er
II
P
rac
ti
cet
est
2
39

Time: 25 minutes
40 questions
Part A
1. The North Pole___________ a latitude of 90 degrees north.

(A) it has
(B) is having
(C) which is having
(D) has
2. The city of Beverly Hills is surrounded on ________ the city of Los Angeles.
(A) its sides
(B) the sides are
(C) it is the side of
(D) all sides by
3. ________ greyhound, can achieve speeds up to thirty-six miles per hour.

(A) The
(B) The fastest
(C) The fastest dog
(D) The fastest dog, the
4. Marmots spend their time foraging among meadow plants and flowers or
________ on rocky cliffs.
(A) gets sun
(B) sunning
(C) the sun
(D) sunny
5. The greenhouse effect occurs ________ heat radiated from the Sun.
(A) when does the Earth’s atmosphere trap
(B) does the Earth’s atmosphere trap
(C) when the Earth’s atmosphere traps
(D) the Earth’s atmosphere traps
6. The Rose Bowl, ________ place on New Year’s Day, is the oldest postseason
collegiate football game in the United States.
(A) takes
(B) it takes
(C) which takes
(D) took

40
7. Experiments ________ represent a giant step into the medicine of the future.
(A) using gene therapy
(B) use gene therapy
(C) they use
(D) gene therapy uses
8. ________ are living, others are dead.

(A) While some types of coral reefs
(B) Some types of coral reefs
(C) There are many types of coral reefs
(D) Coral reefs
9. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark gray clouds ________ forecast rain.
(A) what
(B) which
(C) what they
(D) which they
10. Some economists now suggest that home equity loans are merely a new trap
to push consumers beyond ________.
(A) they can afford
(B) they can afford it
(C) what is affordable
(D) able to afford
11. Having been asked to speak at the convention, ________.

(A) Some notes were prepared for Dr. Cassandra
(B) Dr. Cassandra prepared some notes
(C) The convention members were pleased to hear Dr. Cassandra
(D) Some notes were prepared by Dr. Cassandra
12. Adam was dismissed from his position _____.

(A) Because his financial records were improperly
(B) Because financial he kept poor records
(C) For keeping improper financial records
(D) For keep financial records that were impoper
13. Rubber ________ from vulcanized silicones with a high molecular weight is
difficult to distinguish from natural rubber.
(A) is produced
(B) producing
(C) that produces
(D) produced

41
14. ________ appears considerably larger at the horizon than it does overhead is
merely an optical illusion.
(A) The Moon
(B) That the Moon
(C) When the Moon
(D) The Moon which
15. The hospital owes ______ for the construction of the new wing.
(A) The government twenty million dollars
(B) For the government twenty million dollars
(C) To the government twenty million dollars
(D) Twenty millions of dollars to the government
Part B
16. On the floor of the Pacific Ocean is hundreds of flat-topped mountains

A B C
more than a mile beneath sea level.
D
17. Because of the flourish with which John Hancock signed the Declaration of
A
Independence, his name become synonymous with signature.
B C D
18. Segregation in public schools was declare unconstitutional by the Supreme

A B C
Court in 1954.
D
19. Sirius, the Dog Star, is the most brightest star in the sky with
A
an absolute magnitude about twenty-three times that of the Sun.
B C D
20. Killer whales tend to wander in family clusters that hunt, play,
A B
and resting together.
C D
21. Some of the most useful resistor material are carbon, metals,
A B C
and metallic alloys.
D

42
22. The community of Bethesda, Maryland, was previous known as Darcy's Store.
A B C D
23. Alloys of gold and copper have been widely using in various types of coins.
A B C D
24. J. H. Pratt used group therapy early in this century when he brought
A B C
tuberculosis patients together to discuss its disease.
D
25. The United States has import all carpet wools in recent
A B
years because domestic wools are too fine and soft for carpets.
C D
26. Irving Berlin wrote "Oh How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning"
A
while serving in a U.S. Army during World War 1.
B C D
27. Banks are rushing to merge because consolidations enable them to

A B
slash theirs costs and expand.
C D
28. That water has a very high specific heat means that without a large
A B
temperature change water can add or lose a large number of heat.
C D
29. Benny Goodman was equally talented as both a jazz performer as well as
A B C
a classical musician.
D
30. The state seal still used in Massachusetts designed by Paul Revere, who also
A B C
designed the first Continental currency.
D

43
31. Quarter horses were developed in eighteenth-century-Virginia
to race on courses short of about a quarter of a mile in length.

A B C D
32. No longer satisfied with the emphasis of the Denishawn School, Martha
A B C
Graham has moved to the staff of the Eastman School in 1925.
D
33. William Hart was an act best known for his roles as western heroes in silent
A B C D
films.
34. Prior to an extermination program earlier this century, alive wolves

A B C
roamed across nearly all of North America.
D
35. During the 1960s the Berkeley campus of the University of California
A
came to national attention as a result its radical political activity.
B C D
36. Artist Gutzon Borglum designed the Mount Rushmore Memorial and worked
A
on project from1925 until his death in 1941.
B C D
37. It is proving less costly and more profitably for drug makers
A B
to market directly to patients.
C D
38. Sapphires weighing as much as two pounds have on occasion mined.

A B C D
39. Like snakes, lizards can be found on all others continents except Antarctica.
A B C D
40. Banks, savings and loans, and finance companies have recently
A
been doing home equity loans with greater frequency than ever before.
B C D

44
Reading Comprehension
Time: 55 minutes
50 questions
Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless and inflammable liquid

that can be produced by combining carbon disulﬁde and
chlorine. This compound is widely used in industry today
because of its effectiveness as a solvent as well as its use in
(5) the production of propellants.
Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride
has been banned for home use. In the past, carbon
tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning compounds
that were used throughout the home, but it was found to be
(10) dangerous: when heated, it changes into a poisonous gas that
can cause severe illness and even death if it is inhaled.
Because of this dangerous characteristic, the United States
revoked permission for the home use of carbon tetrachloride in
1970. The United States has taken similar action with various
other chemical compounds.
1. The main point of this passage is that _____.

(A) carbon tetrachloride can be very dangerous when it is heated
(B) the government banned carbon tetrachloride in 1970
(C) although carbon tetrachloride can legally be used in industry, it is not allowed
in home products
(D) carbon tetrachloride used to be a regular part of cleaning compounds
2. The word "widely" in line 3 could most easily be replaced by _____.

(A) grandly (C) largely
(B) extensively (D) hugely
3. The word "banned" in line 7 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) forbidden (C) suggested
(B) allowed (D) instituted
4. According to the passage, before 1970 carbon tetrachloride was _____.

(A) used by itself as a cleanser
(B) banned in industrial use
(C) often used as a component of cleaning products
(D) not allowed in home cleaning products

45
5. It is stated in the passage when carbon tetrachloride is heated, it becomes ____.

(A) harmful (C) a cleaning compound
(B) colorless (D) inflammable
6. The word "inhaled" in line 11 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) warmed (C) carelessly used
(B) breathed in (D) blown
7. The word "revoked" in line 13 could most easily be replaced by _____ .

(A) gave (C) instituted
(B) granted (D) took away
8. It can be inferred from the passage that one role of the U.S. government is to __.
(A) regulate product safety
(B) prohibit any use of carbon tetrachloride
(C) instruct industry on cleaning methodologies
(D) ban the use of any chemicals
9. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses _____.

(A) additional uses for carbon tetrachloride
(B) the banning of various chemical compounds by the U.S. government
(C) further dangerous effects of carbon tetrachloride
(D) the major characteristics of carbon tetrachloride
The next artist in this survey of American artists is James

Whistler; he is included in this survey of American artists
because he was born in the United States, although the
majority of his artwork was completed in Europe. Whistler was
(5) born in Massachusetts in 1834, but nine years later his father
moved the family to St. Petersburg, Russia, to work on the
construction of a railroad. The family returned to the United
States in 1849. Two years later Whistler entered the U.S.
military academy at West Point, but he was unable to
(10) graduate. At the age of twenty-one, Whistler went to Europe
to study art despite familial objections, and he remained in
Europe until his death.
Whistler worked in various art forms, including etchings and
lithographs. However, he is most famous for his paintings,
(15) particularly Arrangement in Gray and Black No. 1: Portrait of
the Artist's Mother or Whistler's Mother, as it is more

46
commonly known. This painting shows a side view of

Whistler's mother, dressed in black and posing against a gray
wall. The asymmetrical nature of the portrait, with his mother
seated off-center, is highly characteristic of Whistler's work.
10. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses _____.
(A) a survey of eighteenth-century art
(B) a different American artist
(C) Whistler's other famous paintings
(D) European artists
11. Which of the following best describes the information in the passage?
(A) Several artists are presented.
(B) One artist's life and works are described.
(C) Various paintings are contrasted.
(D) Whistler's family life is outlined.
12. Whistler is considered an American artist because _____.

(A) he was born in America
(B) he spent most of his life in America
(C) he served in the U.S. military
(D) he created most of his famous art in America
13. The word "majority" in line 4 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) seniority (C) large pieces
(B) maturity (D) high percentage
14. It is implied in the passage that Whistler's family was _____.

(A) unable to find any work at all in Russia
(B) highly supportive of his desire to pursue art
(C) working class
(D) military
15. The word "objections" in line 11 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) protests (C) agreements
(B) goals (D) battles
16. In line 13, the "etchings" are _____.

(A) a type of painting
(B) the same as a lithograph
(C) an art form introduced by Whistler
(D) an art form involving engraving

47
17. The word "asymmetrical" in line 19 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) proportionate
(B) uneven
(C) balanced
(D) lyrical
18. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

(A) Whistler worked with a variety of art forms.
(B) Whistler's Mother is not the official name of his painting.
(C) Whistler is best known for his etchings.
(D) Whistler's Mother is painted in somber tones.
19. Where in the passage does the author mention the types of artwork that Whistler
was involved in?
(A) Lines 1-4
(B) Lines 4-7
(C) Lines 8-12
(D) Lines 13-17
The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do

not appear to the naked eye to change, and as a result stars
are often considered to be fixed in position. Many unaware
stargazers falsely assume that each star has its own
(5) permanent home in the nighttime sky.
In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of
the tremendous distances between stars themselves and from
stars to Earth, the changes are barely perceptible here. An
example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates why this
(10) misconception prevails; it takes approximately 200 years for a
relatively rapid star like Bernard's star to move a distance in
the skies equal to the diameter of the earth's moon. When the
apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with
the movement of the planets, the stars are seemingly
unmoving.
20. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
(A) What the Eye Can See in the Sky
(B) Bernard's Star
(C) Planetary Movement
(D) The Evermoving Stars

48
21. The expression "naked eye" in line 2 most probably refers to _____.
(A) a telescope
(B) a scientific method for observing stars
(C) unassisted vision
(D) a camera with a powerful lens
22. According to the passage, the distances between the stars and Earth are _____.
(A) barely perceptible (C) fixed
(B) huge (D) moderate
23. The word "perceptible" in line 8 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Noticeable (C) Conceivable
(B) Persuasive (D) Astonishing
24. In line 10, a "misconception" is closest in meaning to a(n) _____.

(A) idea (C) erroneous belief
(B) proven fact (D) theory
25. The passage states that in 200 years Bernard's star can move _____.
(A) around Earth's moon
(B) next to Earth's moon
(C) a distance equal to the distance from Earth to the Moon
(D) a distance seemingly equal to the diameter of the Moon
26. The passage implies that from Earth it appears that the planets _____.
(A) are fixed in the sky
(B) move more slowly than the stars
(C) show approximately the same amount of movement as the stars
(D) travel through the sky considerably more rapidly than the stars
27. The word "negligible" in line 13 could most easily be replaced by _____.
(A) negative (C) rapid
(B) insignificant (D) distant

(A) Stars do not appear to the eye to move.
(B) The large distances between stars and the earth tend to magnify movement to
the eye.
(C) Bernard's star moves quickly in comparison with other stars.
(D) Although stars move, they seem to be fixed.

49
29. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses _____.
(A) the movement of the planets
(B) Bernard's star
(C) the distance from Earth to the Moon
(D) why stars are always moving
30. This passage would most probably be assigned reading in which course?
(A) Astrology (C) Astronomy
(B) Geophysics (D) Geography
It has been noted that, traditionally, courts have granted

divorces on fault grounds: one spouse is deemed to be at fault
in causing the divorce. More and more today, however,
divorces are being granted on a no-fault basis.
(5) Proponents of no-fault divorce argue that when a marriage
fails, it is rarely the case that one marriage partner is
completely to blame and the other blameless. A failed
marriage is much more often the result of mistakes by both
partners.
(10) Another argument in favor of no-fault divorce is that proving
fault in court, in a public arena, is a destructive process that
only serves to lengthen the divorce process and that
dramatically increases the negative feelings present in a
divorce. If a couple can reach a decision to divorce without first
(15) deciding which partner is to blame, the divorce settlement can
be negotiated more easily and equitably and the postdivorce
healing process can begin more rapidly.
31. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Traditional grounds for divorce
(B) Who is at fault in a divorce
(C) Why no-fault divorces are becoming more common
(D) The various reasons for divorces
32. The word "spouse" in line 2 is closest in meaning to a _____.

(A) judge
(B) problem
(C) divorce decree
(D) marriage partner

50
33. According to the passage, no-fault divorces _____.

(A) are on the increase
(B) are the traditional form of divorce
(C) are less popular than they used to be
(D) were granted more in the past
34. It is implied in the passage that _____.

(A) there recently has been a decrease in no-fault divorces
(B) not all divorces today are no-fault divorces
(C) a no-fault divorce is not as equitable as a fault divorce
(D) people recover more slowly from a no-fault divorce
35. The word "Proponents" in line 5 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Advocates (C) Authorities
(B) Recipients (D) Enemies
36. The passage states that a public trial to prove the fault of one spouse can _____.
(A) be satisfying to the wronged spouse
(B) lead to a shorter divorce process
(C) reduce negative feelings
(D) be a harmful process
37. Which of the following is NOT listed in this passage as an argument in favor of no-
fault divorce?
(A) Rarely is only one marriage partner to blame for a divorce.
(B) A no-fault divorce generally costs less in legal fees.
(C) Finding fault in a divorce increases negative feelings.
(D) A no-fault divorce settlement is generally easier to negotiate.
38. The word "present" in line 13 could most easily be replaced by _____.
(A) existing (C) introducing
(B) giving (D) resulting
39. The word "settlement" in line 15 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) development (C) discussion
(B) serenity (D) agreement
40. The tone of this passage is _____.

(A) emotional (C) expository
(B) enthusiastic (D) reactionary

51
Whereas literature in the first half of the eighteenth century

in America had been largely religious and moral in tone, by the
latter half of the century the revolutionary fervor that was
coming to life in the colonies began to be reflected in the
(5) literature of the time, which in turn served to further influence
the population. Although not all writers of this period supported
the Revolution, the two bests-known and most influential
writers, Ben Franklin and Thomas Paine, were both strongly
supportive of that cause.
(10) Ben Franklin first attained popular success through his
writings in his brother's newspaper, the New England Current.
In these articles he used a simple style of language and
common sense argumentation to defend the point of view of
the farmer and the Leather Apron man. He continued with the
(15) same common sense practicality and appeal to the common
man with his work on Poor Richard's Almanac from 1733 until
1758. Firmly established in his popular acceptance by the
people, Franklin wrote a variety of extremely effective articles
and pamphlets about the colonists' revolutionary cause against
(20) England.
Thomas Paine was an Englishman working as a magazine
editor in Philadelphia at the time of the Revolution. His
pamphlet Common Sense, which appeared in 1776, was a
force in encouraging the colonists to declare their
(25) independence from England. Then throughout the long and
desperate war years he published a series of Crisis papers
(from 1776 until 1783) to encourage the colonists to continue
on with the struggle. The effectiveness of his writing was
probably due to his emotional yet oversimplified depiction of
(30) the cause of the colonists against England as a classic struggle
of good and evil.
(A) how literature influences the population
(B) religious and moral literature
(C) literature supporting the cause of the American Revolution
(D) what made Thomas Paine's literature successful

52
42. The word "fervor" in line 3 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) war (C) spirit
(B) anxiety (D) action
43. The word "time" in line 5 could best be replaced by _____.

(A) hour (C) appointment
(B) period (D) duration

(A) some writers in the American colonies supported England during the
Revolution
(B) Franklin and Paine were the only writers to influence the Revolution
(C) because Thomas Paine was an Englishman, he supported England against
the colonies
(D) authors who supported England did not remain in the colonies during the
Revolution
45. The pronoun "he" in line 12 refers to _____.

(A) Thomas Paine (C) Ben Franklin's brother
(B) Ben Franklin (D) Poor Richard
46. The expression "point of view" in line 13 could best be replaced by _____.
(A) perspective (C) circumstance
(B) sight (D) trait
47. According to the passage, the tone of Poor Richard's Almanac is _____.
(A) pragmatic (C) theoretical
(B) erudite (D) scholarly
48. The word "desperate" in line 26 could best be replaced by _____.

(A) unending (C) strategic
(B) hopeless (D) combative
49. Where in the passage does the author describe Thomas Paine's style of
writing?
(A) Lines 18-20 (C) Lines 25-28
(B) Lines 21-25 (D) Lines 28-31
50. The purpose of the passage is to _____.

(A) discuss American literature in the first half of the eighteenth century
(B) give biographical data on two American writers
(C) explain which authors supported the Revolution
(D) describe the literary influence during revolutionary America

C
ha
pt
er
II
I
A
nswe
rsa
ndex
pla
nat
io
ns
1
39

Answers and Explanation
Part A
1. After the funeral, the residents of the apartment building _____

(A) sent faithfully flowers to the cemetery all weeks.
(B) sent to the cemetery each weeks flowers faithfully.
(C) sent flowers to the cemetery faithfully each week.
(D) sent each week faithfully to the cemetery flowers.
Answer and Explanation: (C)

Jadi urutan kalimatnya yang bener tuh gini cuy:
Subject + verb + object/complement + modifier of manner + modifier of time
Penghuni apartemen ngirim bunga ke makamnya dengan setia tiap minggu.
2. Because the first pair of pants didn’t fit properly, he asked for _____
(A) another pants.
(B) others pants.
(C) the others ones.
(D) another pair.
Answer and Explanation: (D)

Jawaban A salah karena another (adjective) itu harus diikuti oleh singular
noun. Nah kalo yang B dan C salah juga karena other (adjective) kaga usah
pake s; kalo tadi another diikuti oleh kata benda tunggal, other bisa dipake
buat kata benda jamak. Kalo others (pronoun) aja itu menunjukkan kata ganti,
misalnya, “I’d like to go to the museum, but let’s ask the others first!” Jadi
jawabannya adalah D, another+singular noun. Pair itu singular ya, walaupun
artinya tuh sepasang. Cek bagian Grammar Review ya!
3. The committee has met and _____

(A) they have reached a decision.
(B) it has formulated themselves some opinions.
(C) its decision was reached at.
(D) it has reached a decision.

Jawaban A salah karena the committee itu singular, jadi ya kata ganti yang
tepat adalah it, bukan they. Jawaban B terlalu bertele-tele kaya pacar minta
putus, lagian dia pake themselves (reflexive pronoun) padahal subjeknya it.
Jawaban C juga kurang tepat karena ingat ya struktur paralel, ada and di situ,
jadi kalo kalimatnya aktif ya lanjutannya juga aktif.
THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY PRACTICE TEST 1 – ANSWERS

40
4. Alfred Adam has not _____

(A) lived lonelynessly in times previous.
(B) never before live sole.
(C) ever lived alone before.
(D) before lived without the company of his friends.

Jawaban A salah karena seperti seperti kata unmood yang dicetuskan oleh
abg kekinian, lonelynessly itu kaga pernah ada di kamus. Itu juga harusnya
previous times, inget ya adjective+noun. B juga salah karena double negative,
udah not kok pake never, kaga boleh! Itu juga sole (adjective) artinya sama
seperti only, bukan alone. D juga kurang tepat karena terlalu lebay.
Jawabannya C karena has + verb 3 + adverb + adverb.
5. John's score on the test is the highest in the class; _____

(A) he should study last night.
(B) he should have studied last night.
(C) he must have studied last night.
(D) he must had to study last night.

Jawaban A salah; should itu untuk memberikan saran. B juga salah karena
should have itu bentuk penyesalan atau kritik, misalnya “It’s raining cats and
dogs. You should have brought an umbrella!” Nah jawabannya adalah C,
must have itu menunjukkan asumsi. Si John nilainya paling tinggi, doi belajar
nih pasti tadi malem. Nah kalo D salah karena setelah modal harus selalu
diikuti oleh base form.
6. Henry will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because _____
(A) he must to teach a class.
(B) he will be teaching a class.
(C) of he will teach a class.
(D) he will have teaching a class.
Answer and Explanation: (B)

Jawaban A salah karena modal harus diikuti oleh base form, bukan to-
infinitive. C salah juga karena because of harus diikuti oleh noun phrase, kalo
because aja, baru deh diikuti dengan klausa lengkap, contoh: “The concert
was cancelled because of the storm.” Contoh satu lagi: “I can’t attend the
party because I have to study tonight.” Ngerti kan? D salah karena have harus
diikuti dengan bentuk past participle alias verb 3. Jawabannya B! will be +
verb-ing menunjukkan future continuous, nanti malem nih dia sedang ngajar
kelas ya jadi ga bisa ikut rapat. Cek di Grammar Review tentang tenses ya.

41
7. Having been served lunch, _____

(A) the problem was discussed by the members of the committee.
(B) the committee members discussed the problem.
(C) it was discussed by the committee members the problem.
(D) a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee.

Jawaban A ,C, D itu kaga nyambung blas. Setelah dilayani makan siang, ___.
Siapa yang dikasih makan tuh tadi? The problem? It? A discussion? Ya
bukan, pak. Yang dikasih makan ya para anggota komite. Jawabannya B!
8. Florida has not yet ratified the amendment, and _____

(A) several other states hasn't either.
(B) neither has some of the others states.
(C) some other states also have not either.
(D) neither have several other states.

Sekarang kita mau ngomongin juga-jugaan tapi untuk yang bentuk negatif.
Pertama ada either, penggunaannya sama aja kaya too. Subject + auxiliary +
not + either. Nah kalo neither, penggunaannya sama kaya so. Neither +
auxiliary + subject. Contoh:
She didn’t attend the class yesterday. I didn’t, either. atau Neither did I.
John can’t drive a bike. Anna can’t, either. atau Neither can Anna.
My mom isn’t a teacher. My aunt isn’t, either. atau Neither is my aunt.
Opsi A salah karena states kan jamak, harusnya pake haven’t. B juga sama,
harusnya have. Opsi C tuh boros, udah pake either, kaga usah pake also.
P.S. Auxiliary adalah kata kerja pembantu yang diikuti dengan verb lainnya,
misalnya modals (can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, must), be
(is, am, are, was, were), have (have, has, had), dan do (do, does, did).
9. The chairman requested that _____

(A) the members studied more carefully the problem.
(B) the problem was more carefulnessly studied.
(C) with more carefulness the problem could be studied.
(D) the members study the problem more carefully.

42

Nah ini yang namanya subjunctive verb; kita meminta orang lain untuk
melakukan sesuatu. Aturannya gini: Subject + verb + that + subject yang
disuruh + base form. Contoh verb subjunctive lainnya nih: advice, ask,
command, demand, insist, order, propose, recommend, require, suggest,
urge, dan decree.
Nah, requested that harus diikuti dengan verb dalam base form. Opsi A salah
karena studied adalah past form (verb 2). B salah karena harusnya more
carefully, terus ada was studied juga (passive voice dalam bentuk past). C
juga salah karena alasan yang sama. Jawabannya D, s + base form verb +
complimentary/object + adverb.
10. California relies heavily on income from fruit crops, and _____
(A) Florida also.
(B) Florida too.
(C) Florida is as well.
(D) so does Florida.
Sama aja kaya tadi nomor 8 tadi, tapi ini untuk kalimat positif. Kalo kita pake
too, begini nih: Subject + auxiliary + too. Nah kalo so, begini: So + auxiliary +
subject. Contoh:
She attended the class yesterday. I did, too. atau So did I.

John can drive a bike. Anna can, too. atau So can Anna.
My mom is a teacher. My aunt is, too. atau So is my aunt.
Jawaban A dan B kaga punya auxiliary, harusnya Florida also does atau
Florida does too. Kalo jawaban C, auxiliary-nya kaga cocok. Lihat kalimat
pertama deh: California relies. Jadi harusnya kita pake does, bukan is.
11. The professor said that _____

(A) the students can turn over their reports on the Monday.
(B) the reports on Monday could be received from the students by him.
(C) the students could hand in their reports on Monday.
(D) the students will on Monday the reports turn in.

Said berarti kan ini ngomongin past tense, jadi kita cari pasangannya yang
bentuk past juga. A salah karena can itu bentuk present, selain itu nyebut hari
itu ga perlu dikasih the. B kurang tepat karena dia njelimet segala dibikin
passive voice, posisi keterangan waktunya juga tidak tepat. D salah karena
pake will, susunan kalimatnya juga berantakan.

43
12. This year will be difficult for this organization because _____
(A) they have less money and volunteers than they had last year.
(B) it has less money and fewer volunteers than it had last year.
(C) the last year it did not have as few and little volunteers and money.
(D) there are fewer money and volunteers that in the last year there were.

A salah karena The organization itu kan singular, berarti kata gantinya ya it. C
salah karena ya bacanya aja udah pusing saya pak, susunannya random
parah. D juga salah karena fewer itu digunakan countable noun, sedangkan
less digunakan untuk uncountable noun, untuk bentuk perbandingan kita pake
than, bukan that.
13. The teachers have had some problems deciding _____

(A) when to the students they shall return the final papers.
(B) when are they going to return to the students the final papers.
(C) when they should return the final papers to the students.
(D) the time when the final papers they should return for the students.

Kita mau bikin noun phrase alias frasa yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda.
Nah berbeda dengan kalimat tanya, dalam bentuk ini susunannya begini nih:
question word + subject + verb. Jawaban A, B, dan D salah karena
susunannya ngaco. D juga salah karena karena terlalu lebay; kalo udah ada
the time ga perlu lagi pake when.
14. She wanted to serve some coffee to her guests; however, _____
(A) she hadn't many sugar
(B) there was not a great amount of the sugar
(C) she did not have much sugar
(D) she was lacking in amount of the sugar

Sugar itu dia countable atau uncountable? Walaupun ngeyel itu butirannya
bisa dihitung, kita nganggep gula itu uncountable noun. Lah iya kaya kaga
ada kerjaan aja sampe ngitungin butiran gula. Pokoknya yang bentuknya
bubuk atau butiran kecil-kecil itu tuh uncountable noun. Jadi kita pakenya?
Yes, much! Kalo many buat countable noun. By the way, B dan D salah
karena kalimatnya terlalu bertele-tele layaknya temen pas ditagihin utang,
penggunaan the-nya juga salah. Kita ngomongin gula secara umum, bukan
gula yang spesifik.

44
15. There has not been a great response to the sale, _____?
(A) does there
(B) hasn't there
(C) hasn't it
(D) has there

Ini namanya adalah question tag. Ini tuh untuk meminta konfirmasi atas
pernyataan yang dbilang. Sama aja kaya “..., bukan?” atau “...., ya?”. Nah
cara mainnya gimana nih? Auxiliary (not) + subject + ? Jadi liat dulu, kalo
kalimatnya positif, question tag-nya negatif dan juga sebaliknya.
Jawaban A salah karena auxiliary di kalimatnya adalah has. Nah B dan C juga
salah karena kalimatnya kan negatif, harusnya dia dalam bentuk positif.
Part B
16. The main office of the factory can be found in Maple Street in New York City.
A B C D
(C) Kalo untuk jalan ya kita pake on, bukan in. Lengkapnya bisa liat Grammar
Review.
17. Because there are less members present tonight than there were last night,
A B C
we must wait until the next meeting to vote.
D
(A) Members itu kan countable noun, jadi kita harusnya pake fewer.
18. David is particularly fond of cooking, and he often cooks really delicious
A B C D
meals.
(D) Really itu termasuknya spoken word, jadi sebaiknya diganti jadi very.
19. The progress made in space travel for the early 1960s is remarkable.
A B C D
(D) For (selama) digunakan untuk menunjukkan periode waktu. Seharusnya
diganti since (sejak) karena dia ngomongin progress (kemajuan). Tapi bisa
juga diganti during atau in kalo maksudnya ya spesifik pas waktu itu aja.
20. Sandra has not rarely missed a play or concert since she was seventeen
A B C D
years old.
(A) Rarely itu artinya udah negatif, jadi ga perlu not lagi. Kata-kata lain yang
sejenis ada never, seldom, neither, barely, hardly, dan scarcely. Mereka
artinya udah negatif jadi jangan dikasih not lagi.
21. The governor has not decided how to deal with the new problems already.
A B C D

45
(D) Already itu digunakan untuk perfect tense (sudah terjadi), tapi kalimatnya
positif. Kalo sudah yang kalimatnya negatif alias belum, kita pakenya yet.
22. There was a very interesting news on the radio this morning about the
A B C D
earthquake in Italy.
(B) Harusnya dihilangkan. News itu uncountable noun, jadi ya ga perlu dikasih
artikel a. Dalam penulisannya, news memang bentuknya selalu plural, ga bisa
new doang. Tapi ya itu tadi, dia itu uncountable noun. Sama aja seperti kita
ga bisa bilang a water, kita ga bisa bilang a news.
23. The professor had already given the homework assignment when he had
A B
remembered that Monday was a holiday.
C D
(B) Harusnya remembered aja alias verb 2 (past form). Jadi si profesor ini
udah ngasih tugasnya duluan (past perfect), terus dia inget (simple past) kalo
Senin tuh harga naik. Ternyata profesornya Feni Rose. Ya, ternyata Senin itu
hari libur. Untuk lebih jelasnya lihat di Grammar Review tentang tenses.
24. Having been beaten by the police for striking an officer, the man will cry out
A B C D
in pain.
(D) “Digebukin sama polisi”-nya itu udah kejadian kan (having + verb 3), jadi
harusnya kita pake cried out (simple past). Lihat Grammar Review tentang
tenses.
25. This table is not sturdy enough to support a television, and that one probably
A B C
isn't neither.
D
(D) Tadi kita udah belajar kan; Subject + negative auxiliary + either.
26. The bridge was hitting by a large ship during a sudden storm last week.
A B C D
(A) Ini kita lagi ngomongin passive voice. Jembatannya yang ditabrak, bukan
dia yang nabrak-nabrakin kapal. Kecuali dia adalah Transformer. Jadi kita
harusnya pake was hit. Passive voice itu aturannya: Subject + be + verb 3 +
(by object).
27. The company representative sold to the manager a sewing machine for forty
A B C D
dollars.
(B) Kalo posisi gini langsung aja the manager, tidak perlu preposisi to.
Walaupun terdengar rancu, tapi emang gitu aturannya. Subject + verb +
indirect object + direct object. Objek langsung (yang dijual) ya mesin jahit, tapi
objek tidak langsungnya ya (menjual ke) si manajer tadi. Tapi sebenernya
bisa juga ditulis The company representative sold a sewing machine to the
manager for forty dollars.

46
28. The taxi driver told the man to don't allow his disobedient son to hang out the
A B C D
window.
(C) Perintah tidak langsung nih, jadi ya ga bisa pake don’t. Perintah tidak
langsung tuh gini nih: Subject + verb + object/complement + (not) + to + base
form. Kalo larangan ya pake not, jadi seharusnya not to allow.
29. These televisions are quite popular in Europe, but those ones are not.
A B C D
(C) Those itu adalah kata ganti (pronoun), jadi ga perlu pake ones lagi.
30. Harvey seldom pays his bills on time, and his brother does too.
A B C D
(D) Kita udah belajar ini tadi. Ada kata seldom (jarang) tuh liat. Negative kan
dia. Jadi harusnya gimana? Yoi! His brother doesn’t, either.
31. The price of crude oil used to be a great deal lower than now, wasn’t it?
A B C D
(D) Yak, question tag lagi nih. Lihat, verb utama dari kalimatnya apa? Used to
(verb 2). Nah, berarti kita bisa pake auxiliary apa nih? Did! Karena kalimatnya
positif jadi question tag-nya harus negatif: didn’t it?
32. When an university formulates new regulations, it must relay its decision to
A B C D
the students and faculty.
(A) Harusnya kita pake artikel a. Inget ya, pemakaian artikel itu berdasarkan
bunyinya, bukan hurufnya. Kita pake a untuk bunyi konsonan, tapi kalo bunyi
vokal kita pake an. Nah, university kan bacanya yuniversiti.
33. Jim was upset last night because he had to do too many homeworks.
A B C D
(D) Homework itu uncountable noun, jadi harusnya kita pake much.
34. There is some scissors in the desk drawer in the bedroom if you need them.
A B C D
(A) Some scissors, jamak kan. Jadi harusnya pake are. Gampang ini mah ya.
35. The Board of Realtors doesn't have any informations about the increase in
A B C D
rent for this area.
(A) Information itu uncountable noun, jadi ya ga bisa plural, jadi kaga pake s.
36. George is not enough intelligent to pass this economics class without help.
A B C D
(A) Kebalik, adjective dulu baru diikuti enough (sebagai adverb). Contoh lain:
You’re not good enough for me. Mulai sekarang pake ini kalo mau putus!
Nanti dia akan jadi lebih baik. Jangan lagi pake alasan “kamu terlalu baik
untuk aku”, nanti dia malah jadi penjahat kan gawat.

47
37. There were so much people trying to leave the burning building that the
A B C D
police had a great deal of trouble controlling them.
(B) People itu countable noun. Bentuk jamak dari person. Jadi seharusnya
apa? Many! *baca dengan suara Gloria Pritchett* (Modern Family? Anyone?
No? Okay, then)
38. John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975, but he is now living in Detroit.
A B C D
(B) Seharusnya kita pake from. Since itu untuk menyatakan sejak kapan saja.
Nah kalo untuk rentang waktu kita pake from...to...
39. The fire began in the fifth floor of the hotel, but it soon spread to adjacent
A B C D
floors.
(A) Karena ini adalah lantai, kita pakenya on. Kalo ada permukaannya, kita
pakenya on, tapi bukan berarti apinya cuma bakar lantainya gitu sih.
40. Mrs. Anderson bought last week a new sport car, however, she has yet to
A B C
learn how to operate the manual gearshift.
D
(A) Kebalik, pak. S + verb + object/complement + adverb. Harusnya: Mrs.
Anderson bought a new sport car last week. Walaupun fleksibel, adverb kaga
boleh nyempil di antara verb dan object. Kaga sopan, tolong dikasih tau.
Reading Section
The Stone Age was a period of history which began in

approximately 2 million B.C. and lasted until 3000 B.C. Its
name was derived from the stone tools and weapons that
modern scientists found. This period was divided into the
(5) Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Ages. During the first
period (2 million to 8000 B.C.), the first hatchet and use of fire
for heating and cooking were developed. As a result of the lce
Age, which evolved about 1 million years into the Paleolithic
Age, people were forced to seek shelter in caves, wear
(10) clothing, and develop new tools.
During the Mesolithic Age (8000 to 6000 B.C.), people
made crude pottery and the first fish hooks, took dogs hunting,
and developed the bow and arrow, which were used until the

48
fourteenth century A.D. The Neolithic Age (6000 to 3000 B.C.)

(15) saw humankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle,
being less nomadic than in previous eras, establishing
1. Into how many periods was the Stone Age divided?

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

Kata kuncinya: periods
This period was divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Ages.
2. In line 3, the word "derived" is closest in meaning to

(A) originated (C) hallucinated
(B) destroyed (D) discussed
Answer and Explanation: (A)

Its name was derived from the stone tools and weapons that modern
scientists found.
Namanya ____ dari alat-alat dan senjata batu yang ditemukan ilmuan
moderen. Dari kalimat tadi, kamu bisa nebak dong apa artinya yang tepat?
Berasal! Jawaban B artinya dihancurkan, C dihalusinasikan, D didiskusikan,
ya udah berarti A.
3. Which of the following was developed earliest?

(A) Fish hook (C) Bow and arrow
(B) Hatchet (D) Pottery

During the first period (2 million to 8000 B.C.), the first hatchet and use of fire
for heating and cooking were developed.
Earliest artinya kan paling awal alias pertama, eh ada tuh kata first.
4. Which of the following developments is NOT related to the conditions of the

Ice Age?
(A) Farming (C) Living indoors
(B) Clothing (D) Using fire

Sama sekali kaga bahas bertani kan.
Jawaban B dan C: people were forced to seek shelter in caves,
wear clothing, and develop new tools. Jawaban D: the first hatchet
and use of fire for heating and cooking were developed

49
5. The word "crude" in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) extravagant (C) vulgar
(B) complex (D) primitive

During the Mesolithic Age (8000 to 6000 B.C.), people made crude pottery
and the first fish hooks...
Ngomongin jaman mesolitik, berarti jaman manusia purba, dia bikin alat
namanya pottery, crude berarti kata sifatnya. Berarti apa nih kira-kira? Alatnya
pasti kaga canggih dong! Bukan B berarti, C juga bukan masa iya alatnya
vulgar? Kalo A kan acaranya Aming sama Tora Sudiro, mewah. Oh berarti
jawabannya ya primitif.
6. The author states that the Stone Age was so named because
(A) it was very durable like stone
(B) the tools and weapons were made of stone
(C) there was little vegetation
(D) the people lived in stone caves

Kata kunci: named
Its name was derived from the stone tools and weapons that modern
scientists found
7. In line 16, "nomadic" is closest in meaning to

(A) sedentary (C) primitive
(B) wandering (D) inquisitive

The Neolithic Age (6000 to 3000 B.C.) saw humankind domesticating sheep,
goats, pigs, and cattle, being less nomadic than in previous eras, establishing
Pernah denger kata “nomaden” kan pas dulu pelajaran sejarah? Artinya apa?
Hidupnya pindah-pindah. Yang paling deket mana? Mengembara. Kalo yang
A artinya ga pindah-pindah; kalo yang D artinya pengen tau aja alias kepo.
8. With what subject is the passage mainly concerned?

(A) The Neolithic Age (C) The Stone Age
(B) The Paleolithic Age (D) The Ice Age

Inget, baca kalimat pertama! Ya udah, itu isinya. Dia ngomongin jaman batu;
abis itu dijabarin lagi kan jadi ada jaman paleolitik, mesolitik, sama neolitik.

50
9. Which of the following best describes the Mesolithic Age?

(A) People were inventive.
(B) People stayed indoors all the time.
(C) People were warriors.
(D) People were crude.

Kata kunci: Mesolithic Age
During the Mesolithic Age (8000 to 6000 B.C.), people made crude pottery
and the first fish hooks, took dogs hunting, and developed the bow and arrow
Orang pada bikin alat-alat baru nih, mereka berarti kan menemukan inovasi.
Penemu itu kan inventor, nah kata sifatnya inventive. Kalo B salah; berburu
masa iye indoor. Berburu kecoa? B dan C juga salah karena ga dibahas.
10. In line 16, the word "eras" is closest in meaning to

(A) families (B) periods (C) herds (D) toots

Era sama aja kan kaya bahasa Indonesia. Kalo dikira-kira juga kan ini lagi
ngomongin jaman batu, berarti previous era ya jaman sebelumnya. Ya udah,
langsung pilih aja periode.
Hot boning is an energy-saving technique for the meat

processing industry. It has received significant attention in
recent years when increased pressure for energy
conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient
(5) methods of processing the bovine carcass. Cooling an entire
carcass requires a considerable amount of refrigerated space,
since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with the
muscle. It is also necessary to space the carcasses
adequately in the refrigerated room for better air movement
(10) and prevention of microbial contamination, thus adding to the
volume requirements for carcass chillers.
Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef
sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning. Chilling in
the traditional fashion is also associated with a loss of carcass
(15) weight ranging from 2 percent to 4 percent due to evaporation
of moisture from the meat tissue. Early excision, or hot boning,
of muscle prerigor followed by vacuum packaging has several
potential advantages. By removing only the edible muscle and
fat prerigor, refrigeration space and costs are minimized,

51
(20) boning labor is decreased, and storage yields increased.

Because hot boning often results in the toughening of meat, a
more recent approach, hot boning following electrical
stimulation, has been used to reduce the necessary time of
rigor mortis.
(25) Some researchers have found this method beneficial in
maintaining tender meat, while others have found that the
meat also becomes tough after electrical stimulation.
11. The word "accentuated" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) de-emphasized (C) caused
(B) speeded up (D) highlighted

It has received significant attention in recent years when increased pressure for
energy conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient methods of
processing the bovine carcass.
Ini ngomongin apa ya? Pokoknya kasarnya, dia menerima perhatian ketika
tekanan yang meningkat akan konservasi energi____kebutuhan akan metode
pemrosesan yang lebih efisien. Berarti penting nih metode yang lebih efisien.
Acceentuate itu artinya menekankan, menonjolkan, mempertegas. Sinonimnya
ya highlighted, menyoroti.
12. All of the following are mentioned as drawbacks of the conventional method of
boning EXCEPT
(A) Storage space requirements
(B) Energy waste
(C) Loss of carcass weight
(D) Toughness of meat

Drawback itu sama artinya kaya disadvantage alias kerugian. Nah ini yang
ditanya adalah kerugian dari conventional method ya. Mari kita cek!
A. Benar. Cooling an entire carcass requires a considerable amount of
refrigerated space.
B. Benar. Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef sides in the
cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning.
C. Benar. Chilling in the traditional fashion is also associated with a loss of
carcass weight ranging from 2 percent to 4 percent due to evaporation of
moisture from the meat tissue.
D. Salah, ini adalah kerugian dari metode hot boning. Because hot boning often
results in the toughening of meat.

52
13. In line 3, the word "pressure" is nearest in meaning to

(A) urgency (C) flavor
(B) weight (D) cooking texture

Kan kalimatnya tadi bilang kalo penting tuh keonservasi energi blablabla, berarti
ya sama aja mendesak dong. Jadi yang nyerempet hampir kena adalah urgency
alias kepentingan atau desakan.
14. Hot boning is becoming very popular because

(A) it causes meat to be very tender
(B) it helps conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional
methods
(C) meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meat
(D) it reduces the weight of the carcass

Udah dijelasin dengan sangat jelas di bacaan ya.
It has received significant attention in recent years when increased pressure
for energy conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient methods
of processing the bovine carcass.
By removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor, refrigeration space and
costs are minimized, boning labor is decreased, and storage yields increased.
15. In line 11, "carcass chiller" is nearest in meaning to

(A) a refrigerator for the animal body
(B) a method of boning meat
(C) electrical stimulation of beef
(D) early excision

Chill itu kan artinya dingin. Chiller berarti pendingin. Sinonimnya apa? Kulkas
alias fridge alias refrigerator. Nah, kalo karkas itu tuh daging yang masih ada
tulang belulangnya. Yang digantung terus dilalerin di pasar-pasar itu lho. Pada
pernah ke pasar kan ya?
Nah kalo teliti, petunjuknya ada di kalimat ini

Cooling an entire carcass requires a considerable amount of refrigerated
space, since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with the muscle.
16. In line 16, "early excision" is closest in meaning to

(A) vacuum packaging (C) carcass chilling
(B) hot boning (D) electrical stimulation

53

Apakah ada petunjuk? Apakah kamu melihatnya? Di mana? (Blue’s Clues?
Anyone?) By the way, si Steve yang maen di Blue’s Clues itu belum meninggal
lho. Dia berhenti maen di situ cuma gara-gara udah mulai botak. Beneran!
Sumber: Business Insider #breakingnews
Early excision, or hot boning, of muscle prerigor followed by vacuum

packaging has several potential advantages
Nah eta! Ada kata petunjuk or! Berarti kan early excision sama aja dengan hot
boning.
17. The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by
(A) following hot boning with electrical stimulation
(B) tenderizing the meat
(C) using electrical stimulation before hot boning
(D) removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor

Jawabannya terpampang nyata di paragraf ini nih:
Because hot boning often results in the toughening of meat, a more

recent approach, hot boning following electrical stimulation, has
been used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis.
18. The word "bovine" in line 5 is nearest in meaning to

(A) cold (C) beef
(B) electrically stimulated (D) pork

Ini agak susah sih sebenernya karena dari bacaan juga ga ada petunjuknya.
Tapi kan kita tahu ini masih di awal bacaan dan kita lagi ngomongin industri
daging, jadi ya jawabannya kalo ga beef ya pork (babi). Tapi karena dijelaskan
kalo karkasnya makan banyak tempat di pendingin, jadi lebih mungkin ke sapi
karena dia lebih gede? Bisa jadi. Jadi jawabannya adalah beef. Kalo menurut
kamus, bovine sendiri adalah kata sifat, artinya yang berhubungan dengan sapi.
19. The word "this" in line 25 refers to

(A) hot boning
(B) hot boning following electrical stimulation
(C) rigor mortis
(D) removing edible muscle and fat prerigor

..., hot boning following electrical stimulation, has been used to
reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis.

54
Some researchers have found this method beneficial in maintaining tender

meat,...
Udah jelas this method. Metode yang mana? Lah ya udah itu keliatan banget
sebelum kalimat itu ada metode apaan.
20. In line 5, the word "carcass" is closest in meaning to
(A) deboned meat (C) refrigerator

(B) body (D) fat

Yak tadi kita udah bahas ini juga ya. Dari petunjuknya kita tau kalo karkas itu
adalah daging yang masih ada tulang belulangnya. Jadi A jelas salah, deboned
meat berarti kan udah dibuang tulangnya. C salah, bukan kulkas. D salah, bukan
lemaknya aja. Nah kalo di kamus sih carcass artinya dead animal’s body.
21. The word "considerable" in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) frigid (B) kind (C) lesser (D) substantial

a considerable amount of refrigerated space
Jumlah ruang dari pendingin, nah berarti banyak apa sedikit gitu kan. A artinya
kaku, B artinya baik, C artinya lebih sedikit. Nah berarti D. Substantial itu artinya
besar atau banyak.
22. One reason it is recommended to remove bones before refrigerating is that

(A) it makes the meat more tender
(B) the bones are able to be used for other purposes
(C) it increases chilling time
(D) it saves cooling space by not refrigerating parts that will be discarded

By removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor, refrigeration space and
costs are minimized, boning labor is decreased, and storage yields increased.
Tulangnya dibuang supaya kaga menuh-menuhin di pendingin.
23. The word "trimmable" in line 7 is nearest in meaning to

(A) unsaturated (C) unhealthy
(B) removable (D) chillable

Trimmable berarti bisa di-trim. Trim itu apa sih? Potong. Berarti trimmable bisa
dipotong. Persamaannya? Bisa dihilangkan, jadi jawabannya removable.A
artinya tidak larut, C tidak sehat, D bisa didinginkan, kaga pada nyambung.

55
In 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems with

disease, high costs, and politics, the Panama Canal was
officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
by allowing ships to pass through the fifty-mile canal zone
(5) instead of traveling some seven thousand miles around Cape
Horn. It takes a ship approximately eight hours to complete the
trip through the canal and costs an average of fifteen thousand
dollars, one tenth of what it would cost an average ship to
round the Horn. More than fifteen thousand ships pass through
(10) the locks each year.
The French initiated the project but sold their rights to the
United States, which actually began the construction of the
project. The latter will control it until the end of the twentieth
century.
24. Who currently controls the Panama Canal?

(A) France (C) Panama
(B) United States (D) Canal Zone

Siapa yang mengontrol the Panamal Canal sekarang? Lihat paragraf terakhir.
The latter will control it until the end of the twentieth century when Panama
takes over its duties.
The latter siapa dah? Kita mundur lagi ke kalimat sebelumnya.
The French initiated the project but sold their rights to the United States.
Nah, kata the latter merujuk kepada United States. Jadi itu tadi kan ada dua
subjek, the French sama the US. Latter itu maksudnya yang kedua, nah
lawannya ada former alias yang pertama. Yang disebutkan kedua kan si US,
jadi dia yang dimaksud.
25. The word "locks" in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) securities (C) lakes

(B) latches (D) canal gates

More than fifteen thousand ships pass through the locks each year.
Lebih dari 15.000 kapan melewati the lock tiap tahunnya. Kapalnya lewat
mana? Ya lewat kanal tadi.

56
26. On the average, how much would it cost a ship to travel around Cape Horn?
(A) $1,500 (B) $15,000 (C) $150,000 (D) $1,500,000

It takes a ship approximately eight hours to complete the trip through the canal
and costs an average of fifteen thousand dollars, one tenth of what it would
cost an average ship to round the Horn.
Kalo lewat kanal bayar $15,000, nah itu tuh 1/10 biaya kalo muter Cape Horn.
Jadi diapakan, anak-anak? Iya, kali sepuluh!
27. In what year was construction begun on the canal?

(A) 1881 (B) 1920 (C) 1939 (D) 1999

In 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems with disease, high costs,
and politics, the Panama Canal was officially opened.
Jadi pada tahun 1920 dia baru dibuka, setelah 39 tahun lamanya dibangun.
Berarti dibangun kapan tuh? 1920-39 = *ambil kalkulator* 1881!
28. It can be inferred from this passage that

(A) the canal is a costly project which should be reevaluated
(B) despite all the problems involved, the project is beneficial
(C) many captains prefer to sail around Cape Horn because it is less expensive
(D) problems have made it necessary for three governments to control the canal
over the years

Pilihan A, C, D tidak dijelaskan di bacaan jadi jawabannya adalah B. Dari
bacaan kita tahu bahwa kanal ini menguntungkan karena lebih cepet ga harus
muter dan juga bikin hemat di ongkos bagi abang-abang nahkoda.
29. In line 3, the word "linking" is closest in meaning to

(A) controlling (C) detaching
(B) dispersing (D) joining

...finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by allowing ships to pass
through...
Ada dua samudra, kapal bisa lewat melaluinya, berarti linking artinya apa nih?
Menghubungkan! Nah sinonimnya apa? Yak, betul! Joining!
30. In line 11, "initiated" is nearest in meaning to

(A) purchased (C) forfeited
(B) launched (D) forced

57

The French initiated the project but sold their rights to the United States,
which actually began the construction of the project.
Ini si Perancis yang ____ proyek itu, terus dijual ke US yang justru memulai
pembangunan proyeknya. Jawabannya ya memulai. Perancis yang mulai
proyek, tapi dijual ke US yang justru malah memulai pembangunannya.
Sinonimnya apa? Launched! Launch itu artinya juga memulai. Sinonim lainnya
ada start, begin, dan commence.
31. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(A) it costs so much to pass through the locks because very few ships
use them
(B) the United States received the rights to the canal from the French
(C) a ship can pass through the canal in only eight hours
(D) passing through the canal saves thousands of miles of travel time around
Cape Horn
A. Salah. More than fifteen thousand ships pass through the locks each
year.
B. Benar. The French initiated the project but sold their rights to the United
States.
C. Benar. It takes a ship approximately eight hours to complete the trip
through the canal...
D. Benar. ...and costs an average of fifteen thousand dollars, one tenth of
what it would cost an average ship to round the Horn
In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot
of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks' chief god, Zeus. The
warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for preparedness
in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greek to create
(5) competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate
at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek males
who had no criminal record. The Greeks emphasized physical
fitness and strength in then education of youth. Therefore,
contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing,
(10) boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual
cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount
Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive
wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about
their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of

58
(15) friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the
games to take place. They also helped to strengthen bonds
among competitors and the different cities represented.
The Greeks attached so much importance to the games
that they calculated time in four-year cycles called
(20) "Olympiads," dating from 776 B.C. The contests coincided
with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the
part of the participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed
the rules were dismissed and seriously punished. These
athletes brought shame not only to themselves, but also to the
cities they represented.
32. Which of the following is NOT true?

(A) Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.
(B) The games were held in Greece every four years.
(C) Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.
(D) Poems glorified the winners in song.

Semuanya tertera jelas di bacaan kecuali pilihan A. Itu salah karena si
pemenang kaga naro sendiri itu rangkaian daun zaitun di kepalanya. Lah iya
sedih amat.
Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and
having poems sung about their deeds.
Ini namanya causative clause. Causative itu tuh ketika orang lain melakukan
suatu pekerjaan untuk kita. Nah kalo tadi di contoh namanya causative tanpa
agent. Kaga usah ada orangnya yang disuruh siapa. Pokoknya ada aja dah.
Aturannya:
Subject + have/get/let/make + object + verb 3
Contoh:
I will have my car washed. Bakal dicuci sama siapa?
Ya kaga penting, pokoknya nanti mobil gue bakal dicuciin deh.
I got my hair dyed today.
She let her dog adopted.
You made the bike broken.
Nah kalo tadi kaga ada orangnya yang disuruh, sekarang ada lagi yang pake
agent, jadi orangnya yang disuruh jelas siapa.
Aturannya:
Subject + have/let/make + agent + base form
Subject + get/ask + agent + to + base form

59
Contoh:
I had my uncle fixed my computer earlier today.
My mother let the dog sleep on the couch yesterday.
I made my girlfriend cry last night because I didn’t reply any of her texts.
Wow, tentu saja itu hanya contoh dan tidak ada hubungannya dengan
kehidupan personalku ya, teman-teman.
She gets her father to drive her to school everyday.

Anna asked me to help her with her homework.
33. The word "elite" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) aristocracy (C) intellectuals
(B) brave (D) muscular

Only the elite and military could participate at first, but later the games were open
to all free Greek males who had no criminal record.
Dulunya cuma the elite yang boleh ikutan maen, wah berarti mereka orang-orang
spesial dan ekslusif. Nah sinonimnya apa tuh? Yes, aristoracy yang artinya orang
dengan status sosial yang tinggi.
34. Why were the Olympic Games held?

(A) To stop wars
(B) To honor Zeus
(C) To crown the best athletes
(D) To sing songs about the athletes

In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to
honor the Greeks' chief god, Zeus.
Kalimat pertama tuh, jelas banget jawabannya udah.
35. Approximately how many years ago did these games originate?
(A) 800 years (C) 2,300 years
(B) 1,200 years (D) 2,800 years

In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus
to honor the Greeks' chief god, Zeus.
B.C. = Before Christ = Sebelum Masehi

A.D. = Anno Domini = Setelah Masehi = penanggalan moderen
Sekarang kan udah sekitar 2000 A.D. (2016 dibuletin ya), nah itu Olympic Games
mulai 800 B.C. (776 dibuletin). Jadi kira-kira ya 2800 tahun yang lalu.

60
36. What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?

(A) They were pacifists.
(B) They believed athletic events were important.
(C) They were very simple.
(D) They couldn't count, so they used "Olympiads" for dates.

Dari awal bacaan sampe akhir dijelasin kenapa ini Olympic Games penting
banget buat para orang Yunani kuno. Jawaban A dan C sama sekali tidak
dibahas, D salah karena mereka menggunakan sistem penanggalan Olympiads
karena suka banget sama permainan ini.
37. What is the main idea of this passage?

(A) Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks.
(B) The Greeks severely punished those who did not participate in physical
fitness programs.
(C) The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the games.
(D) The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so that they
could go back to war when the games were over.

Dari awal bacaan sampe akhir dibilang ini tuh penting banget udah jadi gaya
hidup pokoknya mah. B salah karena tidak dibahas di bacaan. C salah karena
yang boleh maen cuma laki-laki merdeka yang ga punya catatan kriminal,
dulunya malah cuma kaum elit dan militer. D salah juga karena tujuannya
bukan kembali ke perang tapi untuk menyenangkan para dewa.
38. In line 14, the word "deeds" is closest in meaning to

(A) accomplishments (C) documents
(B) ancestors (D) property

Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads
and having poems sung about their deeds.
Pemenangnya dikasih mahkota daon zaitun sama dinyayiin tentang ___. Ya

tentu saja kemenangannya dong. Nah, deeds itu artinya adalah perbuatan, nah
kalo di sini artinya ya kemenangan yang dia peroleh, jadi ya accomplishments.
39. Which of the following was ultimately required of all athletes competing in the
Olympics?
(A) They must have completed military service.
(B) They had to attend special training sessions.
(C) They had to be Greek males with no criminal record.
(D) They had to be very religious.

61

Only the elite and military could participate at first, but later the games were open
to all free Greek males who had no criminal record.
Ini mah kalo kata anak instageram dengan foto ala-ala, “No caption.” Udah jelas
tidak perlu dijelaskan lagi ya.
40. The word "halted" in line 15 means most nearly the same with
(A) encouraged (C) curtailed
(B) started (D) fixed

...and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place.
Perang apaun yang lagi jalan di___ biar permainannya bisa diadain. Disetop!
Halte bus kan sama artinya dengan bus stop #themoreyouknow. Jadi
sinonimnya adalah curtailed.
41. What is an "Olympiad"?

(A) The time it took to finish the games
(B) The time between games
(C) The time it took to finish a war
(D) The time it took the athletes to train

...the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus.
The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated
time in four-year cycles called "Olympiads,"...
No Caption Part II. Sudah tidak ada lagi yang perlu dijelaskan!
Tampa, Florida, owes a great deal of its growth and

prosperity to a Cuban cigar manufacturer named Vicente
Martinez Ybor. When civil war broke out in 1869, he was
forced to flee his country, and he moved his business to south
(5) Florida. Sixteen years later, labor union problems in Key West
caused him to seek a better location along the west coast of
the state. He bought a forty-acre tract of land and made plans
to set up his cigar factory on the site. This original sixteen-
block stretch of land later expanded to one hundred acres
(10) near Tampa. This newly developed area was called Ybor City
in his honor. Spanish, Italian, and Cuban immigrants flocked
to the area as the demand for workers in the cigar factory
increased. One fifth of the city's twenty thousand residents

62
enjoyed the high-paying jobs there. At the end of the 1800s,

(15) Jose Marti, a Cuban poet and freedom fighter, organized a
revolution from Ybor City and managed to get considerable
support for his movement. Teddy Roosevelt's "Rough Riders"
were stationed there during the Spanish-American War in
1898. Much of the prosperity of this region is due to Ybor's
cigar factory established more than one hundred years ago.
42. Where is Ybor City located?

(A) South Florida (C) West Florida
(B) Cuba (D) Marti

Sixteen years later, labor union problems in Key West caused him to seek a better
location along the west coast of the state.
He bought a forty-acre tract of land and made plans to set up his cigar factory on
the site.
This newly developed area was called Ybor City in his honor.
Mulai bikin pabrik rokoknya di situ tuh. Jadi Ybor City ya di daerah situ.
43. The word "flee" in line 4 means most nearly the same as
(A) escape (C) fight
(B) return to (D) disembody

When civil war broke out in 1869, he was forced to flee his country, and he
moved his business to south Florida.
Ada perang pecah nih, dia terpaksa___ negaranya dan dia memindahkan
bisnisnya ke Florida selatan. Kan dia orang Cuba, berarti dia lari ke Florida.
Flee artinya melarikan diri atau kabur. Sinonimnya ya escape.
44. The word "seek" in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) purchase (B) pursue (C) elude (D) develop

Sixteen years later, labor union problems in Key West caused him to seek a
better location along the west coast of the state.
Karena ada masalah serikat buruh, dia harus____lokasi yang lebih baik.
Mencari. Seek artinya mencari. Jadi yang paling bener walau gak bener-bener
amat adalah pursue yang artinya mendapatkan atau memperoleh.

63
45. Why will people probably continue to remember Ybor’s name?

(A) He suffered a great deal.
(B) An area was named in his honor.
(C) He was a Cuban revolutionary.
(D) He was forced to flee his homeland.

This newly developed area was called Ybor City in his honor.
Ya gitu. Jadi bingung mau jelasin apaan orang jawabannya udah tertera begitu.
46. In line 11, the word "flocked" is closest in meaning to

(A) came in large numbers
(B) escaped hurriedly
(C) increased rapidly
(D) prospered greatly

Spanish, Italian, and Cuban immigrants flocked to the area as the demand for
workers in the cigar factory increased.
Mereka dateng ke area tersebut karena permintaan pekerja di pabrik

meningkat. Jawabannya adalah A karena flock itu artinya datang berbondong-
bondong. B artinya kabur buru-buru, C meningkat dengan cepat, D sangat
sejahtera, lah iya tidak ada yang tepat dengan konteks kalimat.
47. In the early years, how many residents of Ybor City worked in the cigar factory?
(A) 4,000 (B) 5,000 (C) 10,000 (D) 20,000

One fifth of the city's twenty thousand residents enjoyed the high-paying jobs
there.
𝟏
× 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟓
Matematika sudah menginvasi seluruh pelajaran. Math is life, math is love.
48. What is the best title for the passage?

(A) The Spanish-American War
(B) Cuban Contributions in the Development of Ybor City
(C) Ybor's Contribution to Developing Part of the Tampa Area
(D) The Process of Cigar Manufacturing

Bukan A, ini kaga ngomongin perang. B juga bukan karena ini kontribusinya si
Ybor doang, bukan semua orang Cuba. D juga salah karena ini bukan langkah-
langkah dalam membuat rokok.

64
49. In line 8, "site" is closest in meaning to

(A) location (C) vision
(B) view (D) indebtedness

He bought a forty-acre tract of land and made plans to set up his cigar factory
on the site.
The site merujuk ke tanah tadi. Dia mau bangun pabrik di situ. Nah, site berarti
artinya adalah tempat atau lokasi. Sinonimnya adalah location.
50. Who was Jose Marti?

(A) A good friend of Ybor
(B) One of Teddy Roosevelt's "Rough Riders"
(C) A Cuban writer who sought to free his country
(D) A worker in the cigar factory

Jose Marti, a Cuban poet and freedom fighter, organized a revolution from
Ybor City and managed to get considerable support for his movement.
Ada bentuk appositive noh! Berarti itu subjeknya dijelaskan lagi dengan suatu
deskripsi. Nah itu dia artinya, dalam kasus ini siapa dia.

C
ha
pt
er
II
I
A
nswe
rsa
ndexp
lan
ati
on
s
2
65

Part A
1. The North Pole___________ a latitude of 90 degrees north.

(A) it has
(B) is having
(C) which is having
(D) has

Pertama, kita cari dulu subjeknya apa. Nah itu, The North Pole. Wah kaga
ada verb-nya! Nah ini yang mau kita cari. A salah karena kan udah ada tadi
subjeknya, kaga boleh menduakan begitu dong. B juga salah karena ini
bukan sedang berlangsung (present continuous), ini adalah fakta yang semua
orang tahu (simple present). C salah karena ini adalah kalimat lengkap,
bukan cuma relative clause, udah gitu dia pake continuous tense. Nah D
bener, simple present tense, subjeknya singular jadi ya udah, verb have pake
s jadi has.
2. The city of Beverly Hills is surrounded on ________ the city of Los Angeles.
(A) its sides
(B) the sides are
(C) it is the side of
(D) all sides by

Ini kita ngomongin bentuk pasif. Passive voice itu aturannya:
Subject + be + verb 3 + (by object).
Subjeknya diapain nih sama si objek. A salah karena kurang by. B salah atuh
kenapa pake are dah. C juga salah, bentuk possesive adjective (kepemilikan)
dari The city of Beverly Hills itu ya its, jadinya its side bukan it is the side of. D
bener all sides by, semua sisi oleh.
3. ________ greyhound, can achieve speeds up to thirty-six miles per hour.

(A) The
(B) The fastest
(C) The fastest dog
(D) The fastest dog, the
THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY PRACTICE TEST 2 - ANSWERS

66

Lihat, ada koma yang patut dicurigai! Pertanda apakah ini? Appositive! Berarti
greyhound itu bukan subjek sebenarnya, dia adalah penjelasan dari subjek
aslinya. Kita kan cari subjek aslinya, A dan B salah ya, bukan subjek. Tinggal
50:50 berarti nih. Appositive itu komanya biasanya ada dua untuk
memisahkan subjek asli sama deskripsinya. Jadi jawabannya adalah D.
4. Marmots spend their time foraging among meadow plants and flowers or
________ on rocky cliffs.
(A) gets sun
(B) sunning
(C) the sun
(D) sunny

Weits, ada or, harus inget! Struktur paralel! Harus sama bentuk. Marmut
menghabiskan waktunya foraging or _____. Nah itu sebelumnya ada gerund
(verb yang jadi noun, dalam kasus ini supaya bisa jadi objek kalimat), ya jadi
harus diisi sama gerund juga. Jawabannya ya B.
5. The greenhouse effect occurs ________ heat radiated from the Sun.
(A) when does the Earth’s atmosphere trap
(B) does the Earth’s atmosphere trap
(C) when the Earth’s atmosphere traps
(D) the Earth’s atmosphere traps

Subjeknya ada, the greenhouse. Verb juga udah ada, occurs. Tinggal
menentukan objek kalimatnya. Dari pilihannya kita tahu kita butuh noun
phrase, suatu frasa yang digunakan sebagai kata benda. Aturannya noun
phrase: Subject + verb + question words + subject + verb. Yang digarisin itu
fungsinya sebagai objek karena dia sekarang udah berubah jadi noun.
A salah karena itu malah jadi kalimat tanya kan; B dan D juga salah karena
tidak ada question word yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung. Nah C bener
tuh when + the Earth’s atmosphere + traps. Objek dari kalimat itu adalah
when the Earth’s atmosphere traps heat radiated from the Sun. Panjang, kan?
Tapi itu tuh kata benda lho!
6. The Rose Bowl, ________ place on New Year’s Day, is the oldest postseason
collegiate football game in the United States.
(A) takes (C) which takes
(B) it takes (D) took

67

Sekarang kita mau bahas relative clause. Nah sama kaya appositive, tanda-
tandanya adalah koma ada dua. Kalo appositive itu mendeskripsikan kembali
si subjek, nah kalo relative clause itu adalah kata sifat dari subjeknya, ya jadi
kaya informasi tambahan atas subjek itu. Lengkapnya ada di Structure and
Written Expression Strategy di awal modul ini.
Subjeknya adalah The Rose Bowl (kalo kaga tau langsung dikira-kira aja dari
kalimatnya, ini tuh kayanya liga bola deh ya), dia itu benda kan (kata benda
kaga harus berwujud) jadi kita pakenya which. Jadi, which has place on New
Year’s Day itu adalah adjective dari si Rose Bowl tadi. A dan D salah karena
verb utama dari kalimat tersebut adalah is, B juga salah karena dia bawa
subjek sama verb sendiri.
7. Experiments ________ represent a giant step into the medicine of the future.
(A) using gene therapy
(B) use gene therapy
(C) they use
(D) gene therapy uses

Ini masih tentang relative clause. Walaupun kita ga lihat ada koma, tapi coba
deh lihat. Subjeknya udah ada experiments, verb juga udah ada itu represent,
tapi opsi jawabannya tetep ada verb setelah subjek.
Dari pilihan jawabannya ada use, gene, dan theraphy. Kalo mau dibentuk jadi
relative clause gimana ya? Karena subjeknya benda kita pake which, jadinya
which use gene therapy. Tapi dipilihannya kaga ada! Tenang sodara-sodara,
jangan berbuat anarkis. Jadi ada yang namanya reduced relative clause!
Karena orang-orang pada mageran, jadi nulisnya dipersingkat. Untuk kalimat

aktif, aturannya gini nih:
Kalo ada verb -ing, langsung sikat aja kata penghubung sama be-nya:
The girl who is singing on the stage has a beautiful voice.
Kalo kaga ada be dan verb-ing, langsung sikat aja kata penghubungnya terus
verb-nya ubah jadi verb -ing.
The dog that barks barking at night is a Pomeranian.
Jadi jawabannya A. Experiments that use using gene therapy represent a

giant step into the medicine of the future

68
8. ________ are living, others are dead.

(A) While some types of coral reefs
(B) Some types of coral reefs
(C) There are many types of coral reefs
(D) Coral reefs

Ini kita tahu, ada dua klausa yang dipisahkan oleh koma. Harusnya mereka
bersatu. Jadi butuh apa nih? Panggilin penghulu? Kaga usah, ibu-ibu. Kita
butuh konjungsi alias kata hubung. Oh iya, klausa pertama juga belum punya
subjek. Jawabannya ya tentu saja A. Kata hubungnya adalah while dan
subjeknya adalah some types of coral reef. B dan D salah karena tidak ada
kata hubungnya padahal, ini dua klausa beda ide dalam satu kalimat, nanti
mereka cekcok. C salah karena tidak perlu subject dan verb lagi atuh lah.
9. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark gray clouds ________ forecast rain.
(A) what
(B) which
(C) what they
(D) which they

Kenapa soalnya dari tadi begini mulu dah. Ini subjeknya apa? Nimbostratus
clouds. Verb-nya apaan? Are. Complement/object-nya apa? Thick, dark gray
clouds which forecast rain. Jadi relative clause-nya adalah which forecast
rain. Which karena clouds adalah benda. A dan B salah karena ini relative
clause, bukan noun phrase, kaga pake bisa pake what. D juga salah, kaga
usah pake subject baru lagi.
10. Some economists now suggest that home equity loans are merely a new trap
to push consumers beyond ________.
(A) they can afford
(B) they can afford it
(C) what is affordable
(D) able to afford

To push consumers beyond? Abis beyond biasanya apa nih? Melampaui
apaan. Iya, kan? Jadi harusnya dia diikuti dengan noun. Tapi di jawaban kaga
ada deh kayanya yang kata benda. Mari kita lihat dengan seksama. Ada noun
phrase! Frasa yang jadi kata benda. Cirinya ada question word-nya kan.
Tadi aturannya: Subject + verb + question words + subject + verb
Tapi itu kenapa malah what is affordable.

69
Jadi, ada noun phrase dengan question word sebagai kata hubung tapi ada
juga yang sekaligus sebagai subjeknya. Contoh aja deh.
I didn’t take what was in the box.

What was on TV was really boring.
I clearly saw who knocked the door.
Nah itu tadi yang question word-nya sekalian sebagai subjek. Apa sih yang
ada di kotak? Yang di TV? Siapa sih yang ngetok pintu? Kan kaga ada
subjeknya, nah masuk deh si question word jadi subjek. Bedain sama ini:
I completely forgot what the lecture was about.

What she said was really offensive.
I can’t remember whom the man talked to.
Nah tuh, keliatan kaga bedanya? Kalo yang barusan, udah jelas ada
subjeknya. The lecture was about... She said... The man talked to... Jadi ya
si question word cuma bertugas sebagai kata hubung saja.
Jawaban A, B, D salah karena ga ada question word-nya, kalo diganti what

they can afford bener. Ga usah pake it lagi.
11. Having been asked to speak at the convention, ________.

(A) Some notes were prepared for Dr. Cassandra
(B) Dr. Cassandra prepared some notes
(C) The convention members were pleased to hear Dr. Cassandra
(D) Some notes were prepared by Dr. Cassandra

Having been asked to speak itu sama saja dengan After Dr. Cassandra had
been asked to speak. Yang diminta buat bicara siapa? Dr. Cassandra, bukan
anggota konvensi. A sama D juga kurang tepat karena pasif, jadi subjeknya
malah berubah kan. Jadi ya B jawabannya.
Jadi, having + verb 3 itu untuk menunjukkan bahwa frasa itu terjadi sebelum
kata kerja utamanya. Contoh tadi itu passive voice ya. Sekarang kita coba
yang kalimat aktif.
Having finished their supper, the boys went out to play.

(After the boys had finished their supper, the boys went out to play.)
12. Adam was dismissed from his position _____.

(A) Because his financial records were improperly
(B) Because financial he kept poor records
(C) For keeping improper financial records
(D) For keep financial records that were impoper

70

A salah karena improperly itu adverb, harusnya improper (adjective). B juga
salah karena susunannya kaga bener itu adjective ngapain di situ woy. D
salah karena setelah for itu diikuti verb –ing ya, lagian financial record that
were improper itu boros banget, harusnya improper financial record saja
sudah cukup.
13. Rubber ________ from vulcanized silicones with a high molecular weight is
difficult to distinguish from natural rubber.
(A) is produced
(B) producing
(C) that produces
(D) produced

Penjelasannya sama aja kaya tadi nomor 7 tentang reduced relative clause.
Bedanya ini yang pasif. Kok tau? Lah karet masa iya dia yang memproduksi?
Rubber that is produced from vulcanized silicones with a high

molecular weight is difficult to distinguish from natural rubber.
14. ________ appears considerably larger at the horizon than it does overhead is
merely an optical illusion.
(A) The Moon
(B) That the Moon
(C) When the Moon
(D) The Moon which

Nah di kalimat tadi ada dua verb, appears dan juga is. Loh kan itu ada does?
Ya nanti dulu saya belom selese ngomong. Oke, kembali lagi ke dua verb.
Jadi subjeknya mana nih? Kita butuh dua subjek berarti, satu buat si noun
phrase, nah nanti si noun phrase ini yang jadi subjek buat seluruh kalimat.
_____ kelihatan mayan lebih gede pas di horizon daripada pas di atas kepala
adalah ilusi optik semata.
Noun phrase harus ada kata penghubungnya ya. A jelas salah. C juga salah
karena ini bukan soal waktu, tapi soal keadaannya gimana. Wow terdengar
seperti pasangan muda mudi sinetron masa kini. Lanjut! D juga salah.
Emang bulannya bisa berubah gede? Bukan si bulannya, cuma ngomongin
pas keadaan dia keliatan gede. Jawabannya that the moon; that untuk
menunjukkan keadaan, kira-kira bahasa Indonesianya tuh ‘bahwa’.

71
Keadaan si bulan kelihatan gede ini subjeknya buat noun phrase tadi. Kalo
subjek untuk kalimat utuhnya yang digarisin nih:
That the Moon appears considerably larger at the horizon than it does
overhead is merely an optical illusion.
Contoh pembanding:
That he was late caused so many probems.
(Bahwa) dia telat tuh bikin banyak masalah.

Keadaan dia telat ini adalah subjeknya. Ini yang bikin masalah.
Oh iya, selain question words, noun phrase juga bisa pake that, if, dan
whether. Bingung? Itulah tujuan para pembuat soal yang sedang
menertawakanmu dari belahan dunia lain. Baca lagi pelan-pelan.
15. The hospital owes ______ for the construction of the new wing.
(A) The government twenty million dollars
(B) For the government twenty million dollars
(C) To the government twenty million dollars
(D) Twenty millions of dollars to the government

Ada beberapa verb yang boleh bolak-balik letak objek langsung dan tak
langsungnya. Biasanya kan kita nulisnya:
Subject + verb + direct object + to/for + indirect object
Tapi sebenernya kita juga bisa tulis begini
Subject + verb + inderect object + direct object.
Kalo indirect object duluan, berarti ga perlu preposisi. Ini ga berlaku untuk
semua verb tapi ya, cuma sebagian aja seperti misalnya bring, buy, send,
make, sell, show, teach, give, lend, dan lain-lain.
Contohnya gini deh:

I sent a postcard to you last summer = I sent you a postcard last summer
I bought a flower for my mother = I bought my mother a flower.
Helena always lends her books to me. = Helena always lends me her books.
Nah, A jawabannya tuh ya. Objek yang ga langsungnya, (berhutang ke)

government, objek langsungnya, (berhutang sebesar) twenty million dollars.
Opsi B dan C salah karena ada preposisinya. D hampir benar tapi itu million
kaga usah pake s kalo depannya angka, sama juga buat hundred, thousand,
billion, dan lain-lain. Kalo misalnya pake s, millions, artinya tuh jutaan tapi ga
tau berapa juta. Penggunaan of juga salah, dollar kan satuan jadi ga perlu of.

72
Part B
16. On the floor of the Pacific Ocean is hundreds of flat-topped mountains

A B C
more than a mile beneath sea level.
D
(B) Lihat setelahnya, hundreds of flat-topped mountains. Jamak! Jadi

harusnya are, bukan is.
17. Because of the flourish with which John Hancock signed the Declaration of
A
Independence, his name become synonymous with signature.
B C D
(C) ...John Hancock signed... berarti kan simple past tense, ya become
harusnya jadi became (verb 2).
18. Segregation in public schools was declare unconstitutional by the Supreme

A B C
Court in 1954.
D
(B) Subjeknya segregation in public school, eh kok ada by ya berarti ini
passive voice. Harusnya was declared (be + verb 3).
19. Sirius, the Dog Star, is the most brightest star in the sky with
A
an absolute magnitude about twenty-three times that of the Sun.
B C D
(A) Bright termasuk short adjective jadi harusnya pake the –est jadi the
brightest.
20. Killer whales tend to wander in family clusters that hunt, play,
A B
and resting together.
C D
(C) Wah ada and, berarti inget, struktur paralel. Itu harusnya jadi ...that hunt,
play, and rest together.
21. Some of the most useful resistor material are carbon, metals,
A B C
and metallic alloys.
D

73
(C) Walaupun sebelumnya ada bentuk paling (superlative), tapi coba lihat,
ada some yang menandakan kalo subjeknya tuh jamak. Paling tapi ada
beberapa itu boleh lho. Harusnya materials.
22. The community of Bethesda, Maryland, was previous known as Darcy's

A B C D
Store.
(B) Previous itu kan adjective, nah bentuk adverb-nya itu previously.
Previously known; previously menerangkan known. (adverb + adjective)
23. Alloys of gold and copper have been widely using in various types of coins.
A B C D
(C) Passive voice nih, lihat deh subjeknya. Campuran emas dan tembaga;
berarti kan digunakan, bukan menggunakan. Jadi harusnya used.
24. J. H. Pratt used group therapy early in this century when he brought
A B C
tuberculosis patients together to discuss its disease.
D
(D) Itu possesive adjective si penyakit merujuk siapa? Penyakitnya pasien.
Pasiennya pake s, kalo ga ya jadi paien. Jayus. Skip! Pasiennya jamak, jadi
ya harusnya kata sifat kepemilikannya tuh their.
25. The United States has import all carpet wools in recent
A B
years because domestic wools are too fine and soft for carpets.
C D
(A) Inget ya, kata bantu (auxiliary) have dalam bentuk apapun (have, has,
had, having) selalu diikuti dengan verb 3 alias past participle. Itu kalimatnya
present perfect tense. Harusnya imported.
26. Irving Berlin wrote "Oh How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning"
A
while serving in a U.S. Army during World War 1.
B C D
(C) US Army itu kan spesifik, jadi kita pake the. Army yang mana nih? The US
Army. Artikel a/an kita gunakan untuk hal-hal yang sifatnya umum.
27. Banks are rushing to merge because consolidations enable them to

A B
slash theirs costs and expand.
C D

74
(C) Harusnya their costs (possesive adjective+noun). Theirs itu possesive

pronoun (kata ganti kepemilikan). Contoh: Those are their bags. The bags are
theirs.
28. That water has a very high specific heat means that without a large
A B
temperature change water can add or lose a large number of heat.
C D
(D) Harusnya amount. Heat itu kan uncountable noun, sedangkan number itu
digunakan untuk countable noun.
29. Benny Goodman was equally talented as both a jazz performer as well as
A B C
a classical musician.
D
(C) Harusnya kalo udah both, ga perlu as well as lagi karena itu tuh sama aja
jadi jangan diulang-ulang. Itu bisa diganti pake and biar bener.
30. The state seal still used in Massachusetts designed by Paul Revere,
A B
who also designed the first Continental currency.
C D
(B) Ada by. Berarti kalimat pasif. S + be + verb 3. Nah itu kurang be, harusnya
was designed by.
31. Quarter horses were developed in eighteenth-century Virginia
to race on courses short of about a quarter of a mile in length.

A B C D
(B) Kebalik. Harusnya short courses (adjective+noun).
32. No longer satisfied with the emphasis of the Denishawn School, Martha
A B C
Graham has moved to the staff of the Eastman School in 1925.
D
(D) Ada keterangan suatu titik waktu di masa lampau nih, in 1925. Berarti ini
tuh simple past tense, bukan present perfect tense.
33. William Hart was an act best known for his roles as western heroes in silent
A B C D
films.

75
(A) Kalo sebagai kata kerja, act itu artinya berakting atau berpura-pura, kalo
sebagai kata benda act itu artinya perbuatan. Jadi ga bener dong; William
Hart kan nama orang, harusnya diganti jadi actor.
34. Prior to an extermination program earlier this century, alive wolves

A B C
roamed across nearly all of North America.
D
(C) Walaupun alive itu adalah adjective yang artinya hidup, tapi dia kaga
boleh dipake sebelum noun. Pemakaiannya cuma boleh setelah verb. Nah,
untuk bentuk adjective sebelum noun kita pake live. Bacanya layf, bukan liv.
Kalo live (verb), baru deh bacanya liv. Ajaib. Tulisannya sama lho padahal.
35. During the 1960s the Berkeley campus of the University of California
A
came to national attention as a result its radical political activity.
B C D
(C) Kurang preposisi of. Sebagai suatu hasil dari, nah makanya perlu of.
36. Artist Gutzon Borglum designed the Mount Rushmore Memorial and worked
A
on project from1925 until his death in 1941.
B C D
(B) Kurang the nih. Project yang mana? The project, yaitu the Mount
Rushmore Memorial yang disebut sebelumnya.
37. It is proving less costly and more profitably for drug makers
A B
to market directly to patients.
C D
(B) Nah ini jebakan betmen rada canggih juga. Lihat, ada and. Berarti struktur
paralel kan ya, harus sama. Keliatannya sama tuh kan udah pake –ly dua-
duanya. Eits, tunggu dulu ki sanak! Walaupun pake –ly tapi costly itu
adjective, sedangkan profitably emang bener dia itu adverb karena pake -ly.
Mereka serupa tapi tak sama. Dari kalimat, kita tahu yang dibutuhkan tuh kata
sifat murah dan menguntungkan. Jadi A udah bener karena dia adjective,
yang B harusnya jadi profitable.
38. Sapphires weighing as much as two pounds have on occasion mined.

A B C D

76
(D) Lihat deh itu subjeknya batu safir seberat 2 pon, jadi ini harusnya passive
voice. Telah ditambang, bukan telah menambang. Harusnya been mined,
karena sebelumnya juga ada have.
39. Like snakes, lizards can be found on all others continents except Antarctica.
A B C D
(C) Other itu kan adjective sebelum noun, ga bisa pake s. Kalo others
(pronoun) itu menunjukkan kata ganti jamak untuk ‘lainnya’, misalnya, “This
one is my book, but the others are not mine.” The others menggantikan buku-
buku lainnya.
40. That Mr.Jones is not ready to teach this course is not doubted, however,
A B
at this late date it’s not likely that we will be able finding a replacement
C D
(D) Kalimatnya ribet nih. That Mr.Jones is not ready to teach this course itu
adalah subjek kalimat yang berbentuk noun phrase. Verb-nya is not doubted
juga bener. Tidak diragukan lagi. C juga bener, tidak mungkin. Nah, D ini yang
salah! Harusnya yang bener be able to+bare form, bukan be able+verb -ing.
Reading Section
Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless and inflammable liquid

that can be produced by combining carbon disulﬁde and
chlorine. This compound is widely used in industry today
because of its effectiveness as a solvent as well as its use in
(5) the production of propellants.
Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride
has been banned for home use. In the past, carbon
tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning
compounds that were used throughout the home, but it was
(10) found to be dangerous: when heated, it changes into a
poisonous gas that can cause severe illness and even death
if it is inhaled. Because of this dangerous characteristic, the
United States revoked permission for the home use of carbon
tetrachloride in 1970. The United States has taken similar
action with various other chemical compounds.

77
1. The main point of this passage is that _____.

(A) carbon tetrachloride can be very dangerous when it is heated
(B) the government banned carbon tetrachloride in 1970
(C) although carbon tetrachloride can legally be used in industry, it is not
allowed in home products
(D) carbon tetrachloride used to be a regular part of cleaning compounds

Yak, baca dulu kalimat pertama tiap-tiap paragraf. Kurang nangkep? Skimming
keseluruhan bacaan. Paragraf satu menerangkan apa itu carbon tetrachloride
dan bagaimana dia digunakan di industri, sedangkan paragraf dua menerangkan
penggunaannya udah dicekal untuk di rumahan walaupun di industri tuh
penggunaannya lumrah. Abis itu dijelasin kenapa dicekal karena bahaya blah
blah blah. A, B, dan D cuma kalimat pendukung.
2. The word "widely" in line 3 could most easily be replaced by _____.
(A) grandly (C) largely
(B) extensively (D) hugely

This compound is widely used in industry today because of its effectiveness as a
solvent as well as its use in the production of propellants.
Kalimatnya tidak menunjukkan clue apapun. Tapi kita tahu, wide itu luas, berarti
widely tuh ya secara luas. Pilihan A, C, D semuanya artinya sama, secara besar-
besaran.
3. The word "banned" in line 7 is closest in meaning to _____.
(A) forbidden (C) suggested
(B) allowed (D) instituted

Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been banned
for home use.
Ada kata despite, walaupun, berarti ada dua ide yang saling berlawanan.
Walaupun penggunaannya yang tersebar luas, eh lawannya apa berarti?
Penggunaannya tidak diperbolehkan alias dicekal. B salah, itu malah
diperbolehkan, C juga salah karena malah direkomendasikan, D juga salah
karena instituted artinya diperkenalkan atau dimulai. Forbidden artinya dilarang,
pasti udah pada tahu juga sih sebenernya.

78
4. According to the passage, before 1970 carbon tetrachloride was _____.

(A) used by itself as a cleanser
(B) banned in industrial use
(C) often used as a component of cleaning products
(D) not allowed in home cleaning products

In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning
compounds that were used throughout the home,...
Kata kuncinya: 1970. Jawabannya berarti ada di bagian sebelum tahun 1970 itu.
Nah udah deh ketemu tuh kan.
5. It is stated in the passage when carbon tetrachloride is heated, it becomes ____.
(A) harmful (C) a cleaning compound
(B) colorless (D) inflammable

Kata kuncinya: heated.
...when heated, it changes into a poisonous gas that can cause severe illness
and even death if it is inhaled.
Kalo dipanasin nanti dia jadi gas beracun yang bisa menyebabkan penyakit
bahkan kematian jika terhirup. Berarti ya berbahaya. Jawabannya adalah A.
6. The word "inhaled" in line 11 is closest in meaning to _____.
(A) warmed (C) carelessly used
(B) breathed in (D) blown

Masih sama nih baris yang tadi, kita lihat nih ...if it is inhaled. It kan mengacu
kepada poisonous gas, jadi kalo gas berarti? Terhirup. Yak betul, breathed in.
Kita sering denger ada namanya inhaler, cara makenya gimana tuh? Dihirup.
7. The word "revoked" in line 13 could most easily be replaced by _____ .
(A) gave (C) instituted
(B) granted (D) took away

Because of this dangerous characteristic, the United States revoked permission
for the home use of carbon tetrachloride in 1970.
Karena karakteristik berbahaya tadi, si Amerika ngapain nih? Memberikan izin?

Ya kaga lah, jadi A dan B salah. Memperkenalkan izin? Tetep aja kaga.
Jawabannya took away, mencabut atau membatalkan.

79
8. It can be inferred from the passage that one role of the U.S. government is to __.
(A) regulate product safety
(B) prohibit any use of carbon tetrachloride
(C) instruct industry on cleaning methodologies
(D) ban the use of any chemicals

Kata kunci: the US government.
Masih bahas kalimat yang tadi nomor 7, Amerika ga mengizinkan penggunaan

suatu bahan kimia karena berbahaya. Jadi apa nih tugasnya si pemerintah?
Berarti ya dia yang mengatur keamanan produk yang beredar. Jawabannya A.
9. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses _____.
(A) additional uses for carbon tetrachloride
(B) the banning of various chemical compounds by the U.S. government
(C) further dangerous effects of carbon tetrachloride
(D) the major characteristics of carbon tetrachloride

Nah kalo ini kita disuruh nebak, the paragraph following the passage, paragraf
lanjutan setelah bacaan ini tuh apa ya? Lihat kalimat terakhir aja!
The United States has taken similar action with various other chemical
compounds.
Dari kalimat itu kita bisa berasumsi kalo habis ini dia bakal lanjut lagi ngomongin
bahan kimiawi lainnya yang juga dicekal penggunaannya.
The next artist in this survey of American artists is James

Whistler; he is included in this survey of American artists
because he was born in the United States, although the
majority of his artwork was completed in Europe. Whistler was
(5) born in Massachusetts in 1834, but nine years later his father
moved the family to St. Petersburg, Russia, to work on the
construction of a railroad. The family returned to the United
States in 1849. Two years later Whistler entered the U.S.
military academy at West Point, but he was unable to
(10) graduate. At the age of twenty-one, Whistler went to Europe
to study art despite familial objections, and he remained in
Europe until his death.

80
Whistler worked in various art forms, including etchings and

lithographs. However, he is most famous for his paintings,
(15) particularly Arrangement in Gray and Black No. 1: Portrait of
the Artist's Mother or Whistler's Mother, as it is more
commonly known. This painting shows a side view of
Whistler's mother, dressed in black and posing against a gray
wall. The asymmetrical nature of the portrait, with his mother
seated off-center, is highly characteristic of Whistler's work.
(A) a survey of eighteenth-century art
(B) a different American artist
(C) Whistler's other famous paintings
(D) European artists

Nah sama kaya tadi tapi yang ini kita disuruh nebak, the paragraph preceding
this passage, paragraf sebelum bacaan ini tuh apa kira-kira? Lihat kalimat
pertama!
The next artist in this survey of American artists is James Whistler;...
Artis yang selanjutnya pada survei artis Amerika adalah James Whistler. Berarti
ya sebelumnya ngomongin artis lainnya dulu dong. Jawabannya B.
11. Which of the following best describes the information in the passage?
(A) Several artists are presented.
(B) One artist's life and works are described.
(C) Various paintings are contrasted.
(D) Whistler's family life is outlined.

Yok kita baca kalimat pertama tiap paragraf, kaga nangkep? Ga apa-apa karena
emang ga jelas, ya udah harus skimming keseluruhan bacaan. Paragraf pertama
itu menjelaskan latar belakang kehidupan si artis, di paragraf kedua baru deh
karyanya yang dijelaskan. A salah karena artisnya juga satu, James Whistler. B
bener tuh kan. C salah karena kaga ada lukisan yang dibandingkan, cuma ada
satu yang tadi dibahas. D juga salah karena keluarganya si Whistler ini tidak
dijabarkan dalam bacaan.
12. Whistler is considered an American artist because _____.
(A) he was born in America
(B) he spent most of his life in America
(C) he served in the U.S. military
(D) he created most of his famous art in America

81

Kata kunci: American artist
...he is included in this survey of American artists because he was born in the
United States,...
Langsung ketemu!
13. The word "majority" in line 4 is closest in meaning to _____.
(A) seniority (C) large pieces
(B) maturity (D) high percentage

...he is included in this survey of American artists because he was born in the
United States, although the majority of his artwork was completed in Europe.
Dia masuk di survei artis Amerika ini karena lahir di Amerika, walaupun ____
dari karyanya diselesaikan di Eropa. Although, walaupun, berarti ada ide yang
bertentangan. Coba masukin satu-satu deh. Senioritas? Kaga cocok.
Kedewasaan? Kaga juga. Bagian-bagian yang besar? Kurang tepat. D baru
bener nih persentase yang tinggi alias sebagian besar, kebanyakan, pokoknya
porsinya lebih banyak deh.
14. It is implied in the passage that Whistler's family was _____.
(A) unable to find any work at all in Russia
(B) highly supportive of his desire to pursue art
(C) working class
(D) military

Kata kunci: family
Cari deh di bacaan apa aja yang dijelaskan tentang keluarganya si Whistler ini.
A. Salah, ...but nine years later his father moved the family to St. Petersburg,
Russia, to work on the construction of a railroad.
B. Salah, ...Whistler went to Europe to study art despite familial objections.
C. Benar! Mereka dari kalangan pekerja. Tadi udah dibahas di yang opsi A.
D. Salah, Two years later Whistler entered the U.S. military academy at West
Point. Cuma dia aja yang masuk tentara, tapi bukan dari keluarga tentara.
15. The word "objections" in line 11 is closest in meaning to _____.

(A) protests (C) agreements
(B) goals (D) battles

82

...Whistler went to Europe to study art despite familial objections.
Despite, walaupun, kendatipun, ya itu lah ya. Ada ide yang bertentangan di sini.
Dia pergi ke Eropa untuk belajar seni kendati ____ keluarga. Masukin deh coba.
Tujuan? Ga deh ya. Persetujuan? Kaga juga. Pertarungan? Tidak. Jawabannya
A, protes. Dia ke Eropa belajar seni meski ada protes keluarga. Cocok.
Objection itu artinya alasan atau pernyataan tidak suka akan sesuatu. Oh iya,
pembahasan lengkap despite dan inspite of bisa dilihat di lampiran ya.
16. In line 13, the "etchings" are _____.
(A) a type of painting
(B) the same as a lithograph
(C) an art form introduced by Whistler
(D) an art form involving engraving

Whistler worked in various art forms, including etchings and lithographs.
Whistler ini dia ngerjain berbagai bentuk seni, termasuk etchings dan
lithographs. Berarti etchings ini adalah salah satu bentuk seni kan? A jelas
salah, ini bukan jenis lukisan, tapi bentuk seni. B salah juga karena ada kata
hubungnya and, bukan or. Mereka berdua berbeda. C salah karena di bacaan
kaga dibilang kalo si Whislter yang memperkenalkan bentuk seni ini. Ya berarti
isinya D, bentuk seni yang melibatkan ukiran. Etching ini tuh teknik gambar yang
diukir di atas media seperti kaca atau logam.
17. The word "asymmetrical" in line 19 is closest in meaning to _____.
(A) proportionate
(B) uneven
(C) balanced
(D) lyrical

The asymmetrical nature of the portrait, with his mother seated off-center, is
highly characteristic of Whistler's work.
Sifat asymmetrical dari lukisannya, dengan ibunya didudukkan ga tepat di

tengah-tengah, adalah karakteristik dari karya Whistler. Ada keterangannya tuh,
objeknya ga pas di tengah-tengah. Berarti kan tidak proporsional, tidak selaras,
tidak seimbang. A salah karena itu artinya sebanding, nah ini B bener! C artinya
seimbang, D artinya ekspresif. Kaga nyambung. Jangan sampe terkecoh cuma
gara-gara sama-sana ada –al eh terus dipilih.

83

(A) Whistler worked with a variety of art forms.
(B) Whistler's Mother is not the official name of his painting.
(C) Whistler is best known for his etchings.
(D) Whistler's Mother is painted in somber tones.

A. Bener. Whistler worked in various art forms, including etchings and
lithographs.
B. Bener. However, he is most famous for his paintings, particularly
Arrangement in Gray and Black No. 1: Portrait of the Artist's Mother or
Whistler's Mother, as it is more commonly known. Itu yang ditebelin nama asli
lukisannya.
C. Salah, tidak dijelaskan di bacaan. Jangan mengada-ada.
D. Bener. This painting shows a side view of Whistler's mother, dressed in black
and posing against a gray wall. Somber itu artinya melankolis atau suram.
19. Where in the passage does the author mention the types of artwork that Whistler
was involved in?
(A) Lines 1-4
(B) Lines 4-7
(C) Lines 8-12
(D) Lines 13-17

Kata kunci: types of artwork
Whistler worked in various art forms, including etchings and lithographs.

However, he is most famous for his paintings, particularly Arrangement in Gray
and Black No. 1: Portrait of the Artist's Mother or Whistler's Mother, as it is more
commonly known.
Nah itu, di baris 13-17 ini menyebutkan tentang jenis-jenis kaya seni yang mana
si Whistler ini terlibat.
The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do

not appear to the naked eye to change, and as a result stars
are often considered to be fixed in position. Many unaware
stargazers falsely assume that each star has its own
(5) permanent home in the nighttime sky.
In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of
the tremendous distances between stars themselves and from

84
stars to Earth, the changes are barely perceptible here. An

example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates why this
(10) misconception prevails; it takes approximately 200 years for a
relatively rapid star like Bernard's star to move a distance in
the skies equal to the diameter of the earth's moon. When the
apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with
the movement of the planets, the stars are seemingly
unmoving.
20. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
(A) What the Eye Can See in the Sky
(B) Bernard's Star
(C) Planetary Movement
(D) The Evermoving Stars

Dengan membaca kalimat pertama dari masing-masing paragraf kita udah bisa
menentukan ini tuh ide pokoknya apa. Paragraf pertama ngomongin bagaimana
bintang kelihatannya tidak berpindah, di paragraf kedua dijelaskan bahwa
sebenernya bintang itu selalu bergerak lho! Jadi judul yang tepat adalah D.
Bintang-bintang yang selalu bergerak.
21. The expression "naked eye" in line 2 most probably refers to _____.
(A) a telescope
(B) a scientific method for observing stars
(C) unassisted vision
(D) a camera with a powerful lens

Naked artinya tau lah ya, telanjang. Jadi naked eye adalah mata telanjang. Mata
yang kaga pake apa-apa. Teleskop? Bukan. Metode untuk mengamati bintang?
Bukan. Kamera dengan lensa yang kuat? Bukan lah. Jawabannya C!
Penglihatan tanpa bantuan.
22. According to the passage, the distances between the stars and Earth are _____.
(A) barely perceptible (C) fixed
(B) huge (D) moderate

Kata kunci: distances
Because of the tremendous distances between stars themselves and from

stars to Earth, the changes are barely perceptible here.

85
A salah, yang barely perceptible itu perubahannya. C salah, jaraknya itu kaga
tetap. D juga salah, moderate itu artinya yang sedang-sedang saja. Jawabannya
B karena itu adalah sinonimnya, huge, gede banget.
23. The word "perceptible" in line 8 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Noticeable (C) Conceivable
(B) Persuasive (D) Astonishing

Oke! Kita masih bahas kalimat yang sama dengan nomor sebelumnya. Karena
jaraknya gede banget, perubahannya hampir tidak ___ dari sini. Apaan tuh kira-
kira? Karena jauh ya pasti kaga keliatan perubahannya. Jawabannya A! Noticable,
yang bisa terlihat. Kalo B artinya dapat membujuk, C artinya yang bisa
dibayangkan, D artinya mencengangkan.
24. In line 10, a "misconception" is closest in meaning to a(n) _____.
(A) idea (C) erroneous belief
(B) proven fact (D) theory

Masih berkutat di kalimat yang sama dengan sebelumnya. Nah kan dijelaskan
bintang kelihatannya ga gerak padahal sebenarnya tuh bergerak tapi karena
jaraknya jauh banget jadi ga keliatan perubahannya. This misconception
mengacu pada hal ini. Jadi artinya apa? Gagal paham alias kekeliruan. Coba
lihat di pilihan jawabannya. Ide? Bukan. Fakta yang telah terbukti? Bukan.
Teori? Bukan juga. Jawabannya C. Erroneous belief, kepercayaan yang salah.
Error kan artinya kesalahan, nah erroneous ini kata sifatnya.
25. The passage states that in 200 years Bernard's star can move _____.
(A) around Earth's moon
(B) next to Earth's moon
(C) a distance equal to the distance from Earth to the Moon
(D) a distance seemingly equal to the diameter of the Moon

Kata kuncinya: Bernard’s star, 200 years.
...it takes approximately 200 years for a relatively rapid star like Bernard's star to
move a distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the earth's moon.
26. The passage implies that from Earth it appears that the planets _____.
(A) are fixed in the sky
(B) move more slowly than the stars
(C) show approximately the same amount of movement as the stars
(D) travel through the sky considerably more rapidly than the stars

86

Kata kuncinya: planets
When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with the
movement of the planets, the stars are seemingly unmoving.
Kalo pergerakan bintang dibandingin sama pergerakan planet, bintang tuh

kayanya kaga gerak. Berarti lebih cepetan si planet kan geraknya. Nah jawaban
yang tepat adalah D.
27. The word "negligible" in line 13 could most easily be replaced by _____.
(A) negative (C) rapid
(B) insignificant (D) distant

Masih ngomongin kalimat di soal sebelumnya nih. Negligible movement of the
stars, pergerakan bintang emangnya tadi gimana dah? Dia kan kaga keliatan
gerak. Nah berarti negligible itu artinya seperti itu, ga terlihat, bisa diabaikan,
atau dianggap tidak ada. Negatif? Bukan. Cepat? Bukan. Jauh? Bukan juga.
Jawabannya B. Insignificant adalah sinonim yang tepat untuk negligible.
(A) Stars do not appear to the eye to move.
(B) The large distances between stars and the earth tend to magnify
movement to the eye.
(C) Bernard's star moves quickly in comparison with other stars.
(D) Although stars move, they seem to be fixed.

A. Benar. The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear
to the naked eye to change
B. Salah. ...because of the tremendous distances between stars themselves
and from stars to Earth, the changes are barely perceptible. Bikin kaga keliatan,
bukan malah memperjelas pergerakannya.
C. Benar. An example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates why this
misconception prevails; it takes approximately 200 years for a relatively rapid
star like Bernard's star…
D. Benar. ...and as a result stars are often considered to be fixed in position.
29. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses _____.
(A) the movement of the planets
(B) Bernard's star
(C) the distance from Earth to the Moon
(D) why stars are always moving

87

The paragraph following the passage, kira-kira paragraf lanjutan setelah bacaan
ini tuh apa ya? Seperti yang sudah-sudah, langsung lihat kalimat terakhir!
When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with the
movement of the planets, the stars are seemingly unmoving.
Ketika pergerakan bintang yang kaga keliatan itu dibandingkan dengan

pergerakan planet, bintang terlihat ga bergerak. Jadi pasti kalo ada lanjutannya
ya ngomongin pergerakannya planet. Jawabannya A.
30. This passage would most probably be assigned reading in which course?
(A) Astrology (C) Astronomy
(B) Geophysics (D) Geography

Ini pelajaran apa ya kira-kira? Ngomongin pergerakan bintang tuh. Tentu saja ini
adalah? Astronomi. Bukan Astrologi ya! Beda, itu mah dia ngomongin zodiak.
It has been noted that, traditionally, courts have granted

divorces on fault grounds: one spouse is deemed to be at fault
in causing the divorce. More and more today, however,
divorces are being granted on a no-fault basis.
(5) Proponents of no-fault divorce argue that when a marriage
fails, it is rarely the case that one marriage partner is
completely to blame and the other blameless. A failed
marriage is much more often the result of mistakes by both
partners.
(10) Another argument in favor of no-fault divorce is that proving
fault in court, in a public arena, is a destructive process that
only serves to lengthen the divorce process and that
dramatically increases the negative feelings present in a
divorce. If a couple can reach a decision to divorce without first
(15) deciding which partner is to blame, the divorce settlement can
be negotiated more easily and equitably and the postdivorce
healing process can begin more rapidly.
31. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Traditional grounds for divorce
(B) Who is at fault in a divorce
(C) Why no-fault divorces are becoming more common
(D) The various reasons for divorces

88

Mencari ide pokok bacaan lagi nih. Seperti biasa, baca dulu kalimat pertama tiap
paragraf. Dapet kan udah? Paragraf pertama menjelaskan kalo sekarang ini
perceraian semakin banyak yang dikabulkan secara no-fault basis. Paragraf
kedua dan ketiga berisi argumen-argumen yang mendukung paragraf pertama
tadi. Jadi jawabannya yang C.
32. The word "spouse" in line 2 is closest in meaning to a _____.
(A) judge
(B) problem
(C) divorce decree
(D) marriage partner

It has been noted that, traditionally, courts have granted divorces on fault
grounds: one spouse is deemed to be at fault in causing the divorce.
Lagi ngomongin masalah perceraian. One spouse dianggap bersalah karena

menyebabkan perceraian. Kenapa harus ada one? Berarti ada lebih dari satu
pihak dong? Kira-kira siapa nih? Juri? Bukan lah. Masalah? Kok nyalahin
masalah, ya bukan. Keputusan cerai? Ya kaga nyambung. Jawabannya D!
Pasangan dalam pernikahan. Salah satu pihak dianggap bersalah karena
menyebabkan perceraian.
33. According to the passage, no-fault divorces _____.
(A) are on the increase
(B) are the traditional form of divorce
(C) are less popular than they used to be
(D) were granted more in the past

Kata kuncinya: no-fault divorces
More and more today, however, divorces are being granted on a no-fault basis.
More and more artinya kan semakin banyak. Berarti opsi A benar! B salah
karena definisinya bukan itu. No-fault divorces itu maksudnya perceraian tanpa
ada pihak yang disalahkan. C dan D salah karena justru kan sekarang semakin
banyak yang dikabulkan daripada jaman dulu.
(A) there recently has been a decrease in no-fault divorces
(B) not all divorces today are no-fault divorces
(C) a no-fault divorce is not as equitable as a fault divorce
(D) people recover more slowly from a no-fault divorce

89

A. Salah. More and more today, however, divorces are being granted on a no-
fault basis. Bertambah, bukannya berkurang.
B. Benar! Walaupun semakin banyak no-fault divorces yang dikabulkan, tapi kan
ga semuanya jadi begitu. Masih tetap saja ada yang fault divorces.
C. Salah. If a couple can reach a decision to divorce without first
deciding which partner is to blame, the divorce settlement can be
negotiated more easily and equitably... Yang equitable itu justru
yang no-fault divorces.
D. Salah. ...and the postdivorce healing process can begin more
rapidly. Justru malah semakin cepat.
35. The word "Proponents" in line 5 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Advocates (C) Authorities
(B) Recipients (D) Enemies

Proponents of no-fault divorce argue that when a marriage fails, it is rarely the
case that one marriage partner is completely to blame and the other blameless.
Proponent dari no-fault divorce berargumen bahwa ketika pernikahan gagal,

jarang banget cuma satu pihak yang salah dan yang lainnya tidak bersalah. Nah,
berarti sikapnya gimana tuh? Mendukung no-fault divorces kan? Harusnya ga
ada pihak yang disalahkan dalam perceraian karena dua-duanya mungkin
melakukan kesalahan. Recipient? Penerima, ga nyambung. Authorities? Pihak
berwajib, bukan juga. Enemies? Musuh kok mendukung. Kecuali dia Piccolo.
Nah jadi isinya adalah A! Advocate itu sinonimnya proponent yang artinya
pendukung.
36. The passage states that a public trial to prove the fault of one spouse can _____.
(A) be satisfying to the wronged spouse
(B) lead to a shorter divorce process
(C) reduce negative feelings
(D) be a harmful process

Kata kunci: public, prove, fault.
...proving fault in court, in a public arena, is a destructive process that only

serves to lengthen the divorce process and that dramatically increases the
negative feelings present in a divorce.

90
A. Salah karena tidak dijelaskan bahwa pasangan yang didzalimi akan merasa
puas. Wrong itu menyalahi, kalo pasif wronged berarti disalahi alias didzalimi.
B. Salah karena justru lengthen the divorce process.
C. Salah juga karena dramatically increases the negative feelings.
D. Benar! destructive process itu maksudnya proses yang merusak. Jadi ya
bener berbahaya.
37. Which of the following is NOT listed in this passage as an argument in favor of no-
fault divorce?
(A) Rarely is only one marriage partner to blame for a divorce.
(B) A no-fault divorce generally costs less in legal fees.
(C) Finding fault in a divorce increases negative feelings.
(D) A no-fault divorce settlement is generally easier to negotiate.

A. Benar. ...it is rarely the case that one marriage partner is completely to blame
and the other blameless.
B. Salah! Ini sama sekali ga ada di bacaannya.
C. Benar. ...that dramatically increases the negative feelings present in a
divorce.
D. Benar. …the divorce settlement can be negotiated more easily…
38. The word "present" in line 13 could most easily be replaced by _____.
(A) existing (C) introducing
(B) giving (D) resulting

...that dramatically increases the negative feelings present in a divorce...
Perasaan negatif yang present pada perceraian. Memberikan? Bukan.

Memperkenalkan? Bukan. Menghasilkan? Bukan. Jadi jawabannya A! Existing
adalah sinonim dari present yang artinya ada atau hadir.
39. The word "settlement" in line 15 is closest in meaning to _____.
(A) development (C) discussion
(B) serenity (D) agreement

…the divorce settlement can be negotiated more easily and equitably...
Settlement perceraiannya bisa dinegosiasikan dengan lebih mudah dan adil.

Apanya tuh? Development? Masa iya perkembangannya. Serenity?
Ketentraman? Kok ga nyambung. Discussion? Diskusi, hmm kurang tepat sih.
Nah agreement! kalo kesepakatan baru bener! Kesepakatan perceraian bisa
dinegosiasikan.

91
40. The tone of this passage is _____.

(A) emotional (C) expository
(B) enthusiastic (D) reactionary

Suasana atau sifat dari bacaan ini tuh apa sih? Dia menjelaskan tentang
perceraian tanpa ada pihak yang disalahkan semakin marak. Jadi cuma
menjelaskan. Kalo di pelajaran bahasa Indonesia ini namanya eksposisi,
menjelaskan saja ga lebih. Jadi jawabannya adalah C!
Whereas literature in the first half of the eighteenth century

in America had been largely religious and moral in tone, by the
latter half of the century the revolutionary fervor that was
coming to life in the colonies began to be reflected in the
(5) literature of the time, which in turn served to further influence
the population. Although not all writers of this period supported
the Revolution, the two bests-known and most influential
writers, Ben Franklin and Thomas Paine, were both strongly
supportive of that cause.
(10) Ben Franklin first attained popular success through his
writings in his brother's newspaper, the New England Current.
In these articles he used a simple style of language and
common sense argumentation to defend the point of view of
the farmer and the Leather Apron man. He continued with the
(15) same common sense practicality and appeal to the common
man with his work on Poor Richard's Almanac from 1733 until
1758. Firmly established in his popular acceptance by the
people, Franklin wrote a variety of extremely effective articles
and pamphlets about the colonists' revolutionary cause
(20)
(20) against England.
Thomas Paine was an Englishman working as a magazine
editor in Philadelphia at the time of the Revolution. His
pamphlet Common Sense, which appeared in 1776, was a
force in encouraging the colonists to declare their
(25) independence from England. Then throughout the long and
desperate war years he published a series of Crisis papers
(from 1776 until 1783) to encourage the colonists to continue
on with the struggle. The effectiveness of his writing was
probably due to his emotional yet oversimplified depiction of
(30) the cause of the colonists against England as a classic
struggle of good and evil.

92
(A) how literature influences the population
(B) religious and moral literature
(C) literature supporting the cause of the American Revolution
(D) what made Thomas Paine's literature successful

Paragraf sebelum bacaan ini tuh apa? Lihat kalimat pertama.
Whereas literature in the first half of the eighteenth century in America had
been largely religious and moral in tone, by the latter half of the century
Sementara literatur di pertengahan awal abad ke 18 di Amerika itu

kebanyakan sifatnya religius dan bermoral, pada pertengahan abad
berikutnya...
Nah berarti sebelumnya ngomongin literatur yang religius dan bermoral itu
tadi sebagai perbandingan dengan yang ada pada bacaan sekarang ini.
42. The word "fervor" in line 3 is closest in meaning to _____.
(A) war (C) spirit
(B) anxiety (D) action

...by the latter half of the century the revolutionary fervor that was coming to
life in the colonies began to be reflected in the literature of the time, which in
turn served to further influence the population.
Jadi gampangnya gini deh, fervor revolusioner yang hidup pada koloni
(jajahan) itu mulai direfleksikan dalam literatur masa itu, yang sebagai
akibatnya, memberikan pengaruh lebih jauh kepada populasi tersebut. Coba
masukin satu-satu dulu. Perang? Bukan, ini bukan lagi ngomongin perang.
Kecemasan? Kecemasan kok revolusioner? Bukan. Semangat? Iya ini baru
bener. Semangat revolusioner yang ada di koloni tersebut di refleksikan
dalam literatur. Fervor itu artinya semangat atau perasaan yang kuat sekali
akan sesuatu. Action? Bukan, ini kita belum ngomongin aksinya apaan, baru
semangatnya doang.
43. The word "time" in line 5 could best be replaced by _____.
(A) hour (C) appointment
(B) period (D) duration

93

Literature of the time artinya kan maksudnya literatur pada masa itu.
Sinonimnya apaan dong? Jam? Bukan. Periode? Nah iya bener. Janji? Kaga
nyambung sama sekali. Durasi? Bukan juga, ini yang dimaksud masanya
bukan durasi waktunya.
(A) some writers in the American colonies supported England during the
Revolution
(B) Franklin and Paine were the only writers to influence the Revolution
(C) because Thomas Paine was an Englishman, he supported England against
the colonies
(D) authors who supported England did not remain in the colonies during the
Revolution
A. Bener! Although not all writers of this period supported the Revolution,...
B. Salah. ...the two bests-known and most influential writers, Ben Franklin and
Thomas Paine, were both strongly supportive of that cause. Mereka berdua
yang paling terkenal dan berpengaruh, bukannya cuma berduaan doang.
C. Salah. His pamphlet Common Sense, which appeared in 1776, was a

force in encouraging the colonists to declare their independence from
England. Walaupun orang Inggris, dia justru nuntut kemerdekaan dari
Inggris.
D. Salah. Thomas Paine was an Englishman working as a magazine editor in

Philadelphia at the time of the Revolution. Dia ada di daerah jajahan
(Philadelphia itu di Amerika) waktu revolusi itu.
45. The pronoun "he" in line 12 refers to _____.
(A) Thomas Paine (C) Ben Franklin's brother
(B) Ben Franklin (D) Poor Richard

Lihat aja subjek orang laki-laki sebelum kata he siapa nih. Oh, Ben Franklin.
46. The expression "point of view" in line 13 could best be replaced by _____.
(A) perspective (C) circumstance
(B) sight (D) trait

In these articles he used a simple style of language and common sense
argumentation to defend the point of view of the farmer and the Leather Apron
man.

94
Pada artikel ini dia menggunakan gaya bahasa yang sederhana dan argumen
yang masuk akal untuk mempertahankan point of view petani dan orang the
Leather Apron. Lagi ngomongin tentang artikel koran. Apa sih mau yang
dipertahankan? Petani dan orang the Leather Apron. Apanya mereka?
Pandangan? Pemandangan? Keadaan? Atau sifatnya? Jawabannya A.
Pandangan! Pandangan itu berarti ya opini atau sudut pandang mereka.
47. According to the passage, the tone of Poor Richard's Almanac is _____.
(A) pragmatic (C) theoretical
(B) erudite (D) scholarly

He continued with the same common sense practicality and appeal to the
common man with his work on Poor Richard's Almanac from 1733 until 1758.
Sifat atau karakter dari karyanya Poor Richard’s Almanac ini bagaimana? Dia
menggunakan the same common sense practicality. Praktik yang masuk akal.
Jawabannya A. Pragmatic itu maksudnya dia menggunakan cara praktis,
bukan menggunakan teori yang udah ada. Coba liat jawaban lainnya. Erudite
itu kan salah satu faksi di Divergent. Sifatnya gimana? Cerdas gitu kan.
Erudite artinya memiliki pengetahuan luas dari pembelajaran akademis.
Theoritical lawan katanya pragmatic, artinya teoritis, lebih suka pake teori
yang udah ada duluan. Scholarly sama aja kaya erudite.
48. The word "desperate" in line 26 could best be replaced by _____.
(A) unending (C) strategic
(B) hopeless (D) combative

Desperate itu kan artinya putus asa. Berarti udah kaga ada harapan. Berarti
sinonimnya? Iya, hopeless. Udah pada tau lah kalo cuma ginian mah.
49. Where in the passage does the author describe Thomas Paine's style of
writing?
(A) Lines 18-20 (C) Lines 25-28
(B) Lines 21-25 (D) Lines 28-31

Kata kuncinya: Thomas Paine, writing.
The effectiveness of his writing was probably due to his emotional yet
oversimplified depiction of the cause of the colonists against England as a
classic struggle of good and evil.
Ada di paragraf terakhir tuh jawabannya.

95
50. The purpose of the passage is to _____.

(A) discuss American literature in the first half of the eighteenth century
(B) give biographical data on two American writers
(C) explain which authors supported the Revolution
(D) describe the literary influence during revolutionary America

Apa tujuan dari bacaan ini?
A. Salah. ...by the latter half of the century the revolutionary fervor that... ini
ngomongin pertengahan kedua dari abad ke 18, bukan yang pertama.
B. Salah juga, ini bukan data biografi tentang si penulis Amerika.
C. Kurang tepat sih. Ini bukan tentang siapa-siapa saja yang mendukung
revolusi, tapi ini tuh contohnya ada dua orang.
D. Benar. Di bacaan ini diceritakan bagaimana pengaruh literatur selama
revolusi Amerika dengan menggunakan dua contoh penulis yang paling
terkenal dan berpengaruh.

C
ha
pt
er
IV
G
ramma
rre
vi
ew
96
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Pola umum dalam kalimat Bahasa Inggris
Jadi dalam bahasa Inggris itu ada pola yang emang berlaku untuk semua kalimat.
Subject Verb Complement Modifier
Subject
Setiap kalimat butuh paling tidak satu subjek! Subjek adalah orang atau benda yang
melakukan suatu pekerjaan dalam kalimat tersebut. Subjek bisa berbentuk noun,
pronoun, noun phrase, atau subjek bayangan (contoh: there dan here).
Verb
Sama seperti subjek, setiap kalimat juga harus ada verb-nya. Verb adalah pekerjaan
yang dilakukan dalam kalimat tersebut. Verb itu ga selalu harus ada action-nya ya,
ada juga verb yang emang fungsinya hanya untuk memberikan penjelasan atau
sebagai tambahan dalam penggunaan verb lainnya saja, apaan aja sih? Ada be-
verb ( be, am, are, is, being, were, was, been), have (have, has, having, had), dan
juga modal verb (can, may, shall, will, must, etc). Nah, mereka yang hanya berperan
sebagai kata pembantu atau tambahan itu namanya auxiliary.
Complement
Nah, kalo ini sifatnya optional, bisa ada bisa juga kaga. Complement ini bisa
berbentuk noun, pronoun, atau noun phrase. Sebenernya ini tuh bisa juga disebut
sebagai object. Complement fungsinya untuk melengkapi kalimat; jadi suatu
pekerjaan di kalimat itu dilakukan pada si objek ini.
Modifier
Modifier juga tidak harus selalu ada dalam kalimat. Kalo di bahasa Indonesia, kira-
kira artinya sama dengan keterangan. Fungsi dari modifier adalah menunjukkan
keterangan waktu, tempat, atau cara dari suatu pekerjaan di kalimat tersebut.
Modifier dapat berbentuk prepositional phrase (contoh: at the office, in my room, in
1992, on Monday, etc), adverb, dan juga adjective.
THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY GRAMMAR REVIEW

97
Noun
Countable and Uncountable Noun
Mungkin masih banyak yang bingung bagaimana sih cara menentukan apakah suatu
benda itu countable atau uncountable noun. Coba bayangkan apakah satu benda
tersebut bisa kenali dan kita bedakan jika ada benda sejenis juga di situ. Misalnya,
ayam. Jelas kan bentuknya satu ayam kaya gimana. Kalo ada ayam lainnya, kita
bisa bedain dan hitung jumlahnya. Nah, itu namanya countable noun. Tapi kalo kita
lihat air di kolam renang, kita bisa bedain ga sih satu air dengan air lainnya? Ya kaga
bisa kan. Emang ada satu air, dua air, tiga air? Dia ga bisa jadi plural. Bisanya kan
satu gelas air, satu ember air, satu galon air. Nah yang begitu namanya uncountable
noun. Ada beberapa kata yang hanya bisa digunakan oleh countable noun atau
uncountable noun saja. Ini dia tabelnya:
Countable Noun Uncountable Noun
a/an, the, some, any the, some, any

this, that, these, those this, that
none, one, two, three none
many much
a lot of a lot of
a large number of a large amount of
few little
more... than... more... than...
fewer... than... less... than...
Plural nouns
Penulisan untuk bentuk jamak dari setiap kata benda punya aturannya sendiri-
sendiri. Ini dia aturannya:
Jenis noun Cara biar jadi jamak Contoh kata
knife knives
Ganti f jadi v lalu
berakhiran -fe life lives
tambah -s
wife wives
half halves
Ganti f jadi v lalu
berakhiran -f wolf wolves
tambah -es
loaf loaves

98
Jenis noun Cara biar jadi jamak Contoh kata
potato potatoes
berakhiran -o Langsung tambah -es tomato tomatoes
volcano volcanoes
cactus cacti
berakhiran -us Ganti -us jadi -i nucleus nuclei
focus foci
analysis analyses
berakhiran -is Ganti -is jadi -es crisis crises
thesis theses
phenomenon phenomena
berakhiran -on Ganti -on jadi -a
criterion criteria
man men
Ganti vokalnya
foot feet
atau
child children
Random parah Ganti katanya sekalian
person people
atau
tooth teeth
Ganti akhirannya
mouse mice
sheep sheep
Jangan ada yang
Tetap setia deer deer
berubah ya
fish fish
Artikel a/an
"A/an" digunakan ketika kita mau bilang suatu noun tunggal secara umum atau
general. Kita kaga peduli bendanya itu yang mana. Pokoknya ya benda itu.
Contohnya: "I really need an apartment."
Ya udah, apartemen itu maksudnya ya apartemen secara umum, sebuah tempat

tinggal. Ga spesifik apartemen yang mana, warna apa, harganya berapa, dan lain
lain. Gue cuma bilang kalo gue lagi butuh apartemen.
A kita pake untuk noun yang awal bunyi hurufnya konsonan, inget! Bunyi huruf,
bukan huruf di tulisannya. Contoh: a bus, a mango, a boy, a union, a university. Nah
kalo an kita pake untuk noun yang bunyi huruf awalnya vokal (vowel). Contoh: an
orange, an umbrella, an hour, an honor.

99
Artikel the
Bedanya sama tadi, kalo "the", dia mengacu pada suatu objek yang spesifik yang
kita udah tau, oh yang itu tuh, atau bisa juga dia udah pernah disebut sebelumnya.
Contohnya: "Meet me at the bus stop near my apartment!"
Nah, di sini kita pake "the" karena kita mengacu pada bus stop yang spesifik, yaitu
bus stop yang ada di deket apartemen gue. Pas gue ngomong, orang yang gue
kasih tau kaga bakalan nyasar karena ya bus stop yang ada di deket apartemen gue
ya cuma itu aja. Spesifik banget. Tapi kalo gue bilangnya "meet me at a bus stop" ya
dia bakalan bingung, bus stop yang mana nih? Di Jakarta banyak kan halte. Dia
nyamperin di Sudirman eh tapi gue nunggunya di Tanah Abang. Lah iya sampe
Indonesia bebas dari korupsi juga kaga bakalan ketemu kan.
Tenses
Ini nih yang paling seru! Jadi sebenernya ini tuh gampang banget tapi banyak yang
masih bingung karena yang nerangin ribet. Mari kita mulai!
Biar gampang ingetnya, tenses: time and senses. Kita bagi dulu matriksnya
berdasarkan itu. Gue cuma akan pake subject I dan verb do buat contoh biar lo ga
usah bingung ngapalin rumus. Udah pada tau kan kalo do berarti verb 1, kalo did
verb 2, done verb 3. Itu nanti tinggal ganti verb aja. Nah kalo auxiliary-nya sama, tapi
harus sesuai dengan subjeknya ya.
Sense | Time Present Past Future
Simple I do I did I will do
Continuous I am doing I was doing I will be doing
Perfect I have done I had done I will have done
Perfect Cont. I have been doing I had been doing I will have been doing
Oke kita bahas! Yang penting tuh kita tahu dulu bagian senses ini.
Simple : Untuk menyatakan/menginformasikan

Continuous : Sedang berlangsung
Perfect : Sudah terjadi
Perfect Continuous : Sudah berlangsung (untuk berapa lama atau sejak kapan)
Udah intinya sih itu doang. Hafalin! Terus tinggal digabungin sama time-nya.

100
Simple tense - Menyatakan
Present Simple Tense

Present simple tuh biasanya dipakai ketika membuat suatu pernyataan, menyatakan
kejadian yang merupakan fakta (kebanyakan orang tau itu benar adanya),
kebiasaan, atau suatu hal yang terjadi berulang-ulang.
Contoh:
We want to leave now. (pernyataan)
Herbivores only eat plants. (fakta umum)
John always walks to his office. (kebiasaan)
The bus arrives at 7 a.m. everyday. (kejadian yang berulang)
Past Simple Tense

Past simple kita pakai untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di suatu titik di
masa lalu. Biasanya akan ditandai dengan keterangan waktu yang spesifik.
Contoh:
I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.
Indonesia declared its independence in 1945.
We went to the cinema last night.
Future Simple Tense

Future simple kita gunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu kejadian akan terjadi di
masa depan.
Contoh:
I will go the the zoo next week.
The director will sign the contract tomorrow.
They will announce the name of the winner this evening.
Continuous tense – Sedang berlangsung
Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous itu menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu sedang berlangsung pas lagi
ngomong saat itu juga. Tapi ada verb yang ga bisa jadi continuous, misalnya know
dan understand, karena cuma menunjukkan suatu keadaan tanpa ada action.

101
Contoh:
I’m typing this sentence on my laptop.
The fireflies are glowing intermittently in the dark. (yes, there are fireflies here!)
Past Continuous Tense

Past Continuous berarti sesuatu itu sedang terjadi pada suatu titik di masa lampau.
Nah ini harus ada keterangan waktu di masa lampunya.
Contoh:
I was watching TV when you called me yesterday.
Gue tuh lagi nonton TV pas kemaren lo nelpon. Jadi ya maap maap nih ye kaga
diangkat.
The band were playing my favorite song when the power suddenly went out.
Band-nya tuh lagi bawain lagu kesukaan gue pas tiba-tiba listriknya mati. Lah iya
kan ngaco.
Future Continuous Tense

Future Continuous bisa kita pake kalo mau bilang sesuatu sedang berlangsung, tapi
nanti di masa depan. Jadi ya kaya udah pasti terjadi.
Contoh:
I can’t join the party because I will be teaching at 7 p.m. tomorrow.
Gue ga bisa ikutan pestanya karena besok jam 7 lagi ngajar nih.
You should call her now because she will be flying back to New York tonight.
Lo mendingan telepon dia sekarang karena malam ini pasti dia lagi terbang ke New
York. Jadi kaga bisa ditelepon kalo lagi di pesawat. Mendingan sekarang aja.
Perfect tense – Sudah terjadi
Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect kita gunakan ketika kita mau bilang sesuatu itu sudah terjadi.
Kapan? Ga penting. Jadi waktu kapan terjadinya kaga perlu dikasih tau juga gapapa.
Contoh:
I have graduated from University of Queensland. Pas gue ngomong gitu, gue udah
lulus dari University of Queensland. Ya udah gitu aja. Udah lulus aja pokoknya mah.
We have had our lunch already. Nah ini kalo misalnya ditawarin makan. “Ayo pada
makan dulu ini tante tadi masak banyak.” Terus dijawab deh “Eh kita udah makan
tadi kok tante.” Ini hanya rekayasa, biasanya tanpa mikir langsung menyanggupi.

102
Past Perfect Tense

Nah bedanya sama tadi apa? Sama-sama sudah, tapi kalo past perfect itu ‘sudah’-
nya ini spesifik untuk suatu titik di masa lalu. Maksudnya begimana pak? Langsung
saja kita simak bersama.
Contoh:
I had graduated from University of Queensland when I moved back to Jakarta in

2012. Gue udah lulus dari University of Queensland waktu pulang lagi ke Jakarta
tahun 2012. Jadi pas tahun 2012, pas gue balik ke Jakarta dulu, gue tuh udah lulus.
We told Aunt Rose that we had had our lunch already. Told berarti past form. Berarti
ini di masa lalu kan. Tadi kita bilang ke Tante Rose kalo kita udah makan siang.
Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect. Sudah, tapi nanti di masa depan. Bingung ga tuh? Jadi ini pekerjaan
akan sudah selesai, tapi ya nanti di suatu titik di masa depan.
Contoh:
I will have finished the painting in two days. Gue akan sudah menyelesaikan
lukisannya dua hari lagi. Jadi sekarang pas dia ngomong udah selese? Belom! Tapi
dua hari lagi dia bakal udah menyelesaikannya.
I will have graduated in June. Gue bakalan udah lulus nanti bulan Juni (aminin dong
jamaah!). Sekarang udah lulus? Belom. Udah bulan Juni? Belom juga. Tapi nanti
bulan Juni, gue sudah lulus dan memulai hidup baru sebagai seorang sarjana muda
nan bersahaja.
Perfect continuous tense – Sudah berlangsung
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Pas gue ngomong nih, sesuatu sudah berlangsung untuk berapa lama atau sejak
kapan, ada durasi waktunya. Dari suatu titik di masa lalu sampai sekarang ini pas
lagi ngomong.
Contoh:
I have been dating my fiancee for five months now.
I have been dating my fiancee since last summer .
Gue sudah pacaran sama tunangan gue selama lima bulan sampai sekarang. Gue
sudah pacaran sama tunangan gue sejak musim panas lalu. Sekarang masih? Ya
masih lah. Peringatan: Ini hanyalah contoh dan sangat tidak sesuai dengan keadaan
penulis saat ini.

103
Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Nah kalo yang past, sesuatu ini sudah berlangsung untuk berapa lama atau sejak
kapan, tapi titik acuannya itu suatu titik di masa lalu.
Contoh:
I had been dating my fiancee for a month when we decided to get engaged.
Kita udah pacaran selama satu bulan waktu kita memutuskan untuk tunangan. Ini
lagi curhat ceritanya kan, ngomongin yang udah lewat. Satu bulannya dihitung
sampe pas dulu tunangan itu. Wow mantep, baru juga sebulan lho.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Sama kaya tadi, bedanya ini tuh titik acuannya di masa depan.
Contoh:
I will have been dating my fiancee for a year in August.
Kita bakalan genap satu tahun pacaran nanti pas bulan Agustus. Sekarang masih
bulan Februari kan, belum Agustus. Udah setahun? Ya belom. Nah, nanti kalo udah
bulan Agustus, baru deh kita anniversary. Kalo tiap bulan anniversary kan tekor juga,
neng.
Begitulah kira-kira perbandingan ketiganya tadi.
Vocabulary
Word Endings
Dengan mengetahui akhiran ini, kamu bisa tau fungsi suatu kata. Dalam bahasa
Inggris, imbuhan ini menunjukkan kedudukan si kata itu dalam kalimat secara
gramatikal; apakah dia kata benda, kata sifat, kata kerja, atau kata keterangan.

104
Noun (things) endings – kata benda
Imbuhan Contoh kata

-ism Critism
-ence Excellence
-ness Sadness
-ion Information
-ment Movement
-ty Beauty
-age Marriage
-ship Relationship
Noun (person) endings – orang
Imbuhan Contoh kata

-er Driver
-or Director
-ist Scientist
-ian Magician
Adjective endings – kata sifat
Imbuhan Contoh kata

-ant Important
-ent Excellent
-ful Thoughtful
-ic Specific
-less Timeless
-ive Impressive
-ous Generous
-al Natural
-able Applicable
-ible Impossible

105
Verb endings – kata kerja
Imbuhan Contoh kata

-en Fasten
-ize Memorize
-ate Penetrate
-fy Magnify
Adverb endings – kata keterangan
Imbuhan Contoh kata

-ly Happily
Word Parts
Kalo tadi kita bisa mengetahui fungsinya dalam kalimat, nah sekarang kita mau
belajar bagaimana mengetahui arti dari suatu kata dengan melihat penggalan kata
tersebut yang biasanya adalah turunan dari bahasa lain. Ini berguna banget buat
pertanyaan-pertanyaan di reading section. Beberapa contohnya:
Kata kerja yang sering dijumpai
Word Part Arti Contoh kata
Cede/ceed Go Proceed
Cred Believe Credit
Graph Write Autograph
Ject Throw Eject
Mute Change Commute
Port Carry Deport
Rupt Break Erupt
Scrib/scrip Write Describe
Sect Cut Intersect
Ver Turn Divert
Viv Live Survive

106
Di mana dan Kapan

Cir Around Circulate
Ex Out Exit
In In Include
Re Back Return
Sub Under Subway
Tele Far Telephone
Trans Across Transmigration
Ante Before Anterior
Fore Before Forecast
Fin End Finish
Pre Before Previous
Post After Postpone
Alam

Geo Earth Geology
Terr Earth Territory
Aqua Water Aquatic
Hydr Water Hydroplane
Pyr Fire Pyrotechnics
Astr Star Astronaut

107
Tubuh

Corp Body Corporation
Card Heart Cardiology
Dent Teeth Dentist
Cap Head Captain
Derm Skin Dermatologist
Keadaan Manusia

Phil Love Bibliophile
Eu Good Euphoria
Mal Bad Malfunction
Dys Bad Dysphoria
Phobia Fear Claustrophobia
Mania Crazy Maniac
Path Feeling Sympathy
Psycho Mind Psychology
Mor Death Mortality
Negatif

Anti Against Antibiotic
Contra Against Contrast
Mis Error Misspell
Un Error Untrue
Dis Not Dislike
Im Not Immature
Il Not Illegal
In Not Inactive
Ir Not Irrelevant

108
Preposisi
Dalam soal structure and written expression preposisi itu harus diperhatikan. Nah ini
gue akan bahas beberapa proposisi yang suka bikin bingung cara penyajiannya
bagaimana karena tidak seperti Indomie yang tertera di bungkusnya, kita harus pake
hati juga dalam menentukan preposisi. Kalo udah urusan hati kan emang agak
susah pak. Lanjut!
During
During itu artinya selama. Jadi ada durasi waktunya. Tapi dia berbeda dengan
perfect continuous yang pake for atau since itu. Kalo preposisi during ini biasanya
mengikuti noun yang mengindikasikan waktu. Misalnya: during the Cold War, during
our vacation, during summer break.
From
Kalo from ini artinya dari. Penggunaan umumnya untuk menunjukkan dari mana ke
mana, bisa untuk menyatakan tempat atau waktu.
Misalnya:
We lived in Mojokerto from 2003 to 2009.
They moved from Mexico to Atlanta in 1998.
By
Ini agak susah sih cari padanan kata bahasa Indonesia-nya. Artinya bisa ada
beberapa tergantung konteks.
1. Untuk menunjukkan orang yang melakukan verb di kalimat pasif. Jadi by di

sini artinya oleh. Contoh: Interstellar is directed by Christopher Nolan.
2. By + waktu spesifik artinya ada rentang waktu yang batas maksimalnya itu
waktu yang ditentukan tadi. Misalnya: The report should be collected by
Friday. Sebelum Jumat boleh? Boleh. Tapi paling lambat pas hari Jumat.
3. By + kendaraan. Artinya ya naek itu ke sana. Misalnya: We always travel to

Boston by bus.

109
At, On, In – Untuk waktu
Kita bisa pake at untuk:

Menyebutkan pukul berapa. Contoh: I’ll see you at five o’clock.
Menunjukkan titik tertentu pada suatu hari. Contoh: The plane took off at midday.
Menunjukkan titik tertentu pada suatu minggu. Contoh: What are you doing at the
weekend?
Kita pake on untuk:

Tanggal. Contoh: We moved into this house on 25 October 1987.
Hari, tapi ini khusus waktu hari itu saja. Contoh: I’ve got to go to London on Friday.
Hari bentuk jamak, untuk menunjukkan bahwa kegiatannya berulang pada hari itu.
Contoh: The office is closed on Fridays.
Kita pake in untuk:

Bagian tertentu dari hari. Contoh: I’ll come and see you in the morning for a cup of
coffee, okay?
Bulan. Contoh: We usually go camping in July or August.

Tahun. Contoh: The house was built in 1835.
Musim. Contoh: The garden is wonderful in the spring when all the flowers come
out.
Periode waktu yang lama banget. Contoh: The population of Europe doubled in the
nineteenth century.
At, On, In – Untuk tempat
Kita pake at untuk:

Mengacu kepada suatu titik. Contoh: I was sitting at the corner of the street.
Mengacu ke tempat kerja atau sekolah atau kampus: Contoh: How many people are
working at Microsoft?
Suatu aktivitas yang melibatkan orang lain: Were you at Lisa’s party? (also at the
cinema, at the theatre)
Alamat. Contoh: They once lived at number 12 South George’s Street.

Kita bisa pake on untuk:
Suatu permukaan, pokoknya nyentuh suatu bidang. Contoh: I know I left my

wallet on the table.
110
Menunjukkan posisi di tepi jalan, sungai, danau, pantai, dan sebagainya. Contoh:
Dublin is on the east coast of Ireland.
Lantai suatu gedung. Contoh: They live on the 15th floor!
Pas lagi naik kendaraan. Contoh: I was on the train when she phoned.
Kita bisa pake in untuk:
Tempat yang gede dan luas secara umum. Contoh: I know my bag is
somewhere in the library.
Tempat kerja, sekolah, atau kampus tapi kalo dilihat sebagai bangunan fisik. Contoh:
She works in an open-plan office.
Ruangan. Misal: The prom will be held in the auditorium.
Kaga penting tapi lumayan penting
Other, another, & others

Membingungkan sih kadang. Makanya ini kita bahas aja deh. Ada empat hal yang
harus diperhatikan dalam penggunaan other. Apakah dia sebagai adjective dan
diikuti kata benda? Apakah bendanya singular atau plural? Apakah bendanya umum
atau spesifik? Apakah dia hanya sebagai kata ganti (pronoun)?
Singular Plural
I have another book. (adj) I have other books. (adj)
Benda Umum
I have another. (pro) I have others. (pro)
Benda Spesifik I have the other book. (adj) I have the other books. (adj)
I have the other. (pro) I have the others. (pro)
Umum – singular: Jadi ceritanya lagi baru masuk semester baru kan. Eh kaga bawa
buku tulis. Terus terus temen sebangku lo nawarin, gue punya buku satu lagi nih.
Umum – plural: Ceritanya di rumah temen lo ada mini-library gitu kan, tapi isinya
ensiklopedia semua. Terus lo tanya, kaga ada buku yang lain apa? Dia jawab, gue
punya buku-buku lain kok.
Spesifik – singular: Kemaren abis beli novel kan. Terus ternyata seri itu ada dua
buku. Temen lo bilang, gue punya tuh yang satunya lagi.
Spesifik – plural: Lo lagi baca Harry Potter yang kedua nih kan. Terus temen lo ini
nongol, woy gue punya yang lainnya juga loh. Anaknya emang songong, makanya
dimusuhin satu angkatan.

111
Although & though
Jadi ada although dan ada juga though. Sebagai kata sambung, although sama
though sama aja artinya. Tapi although cenderung lebih formal. Ya kira-kira bahasa
Indonesia-nya tuh "walaupun." Contoh:
Although the government is responsible for providing health services in jail,

prisoners are still often expected to pay for the treatment.
Walaupun pemerintah bertanggung jawab untuk menyediakan layanan

kesehatan di penjara, para narapidana masih saja sering diminta untuk
membayar perawatannya.
Though I really love you, I can't marry you.
Walaupun aku mencintaimu, aku tidak bisa menikahimu. Ternyata dia baru
lulus SD. Hmm, anak muda masa kini.
Tapi though juga bisa berarti however. Bahasa Indonesia-nya ya kira-kira

"bagaimanapun juga" atau bisa juga singkatnya ya "toh". Ya ini tuh untuk
menekankan verb dari kalimat itu aja sih. Contoh deh ya.
Lo abis dibeliin BMW sama gebetan lo nih, tapi karena lo anaknya suka play
hard to get lo bisa bilang
Though, I don't really care about what you did for me.
Toh, gue ga peduli dengan apa yang lo lakukan buat gue kok. (Aih sedap!)
Miranda has lost my American Gods. But it's fine, I don't really enjoy its
storyline, though.
Miranda ngilangin novel American Gods gue. Tapi ga papa sih, toh gue juga
kaga menikmati alur ceritanya kok.
Despite & in spite of
Sebenernya nih ya, in spite of dan despite sama aja artinya kaya although dan
though. Artinya ya meskipun, walaupun, kendatipun. Mereka dipake buat
menunjukkan dua ide yang berlawanan. By the way, in spite of dan despite lebih
umum dipake buat writing daripada speaking. Terus juga despite agak lebih formal
daripada in spite of.
Bedanya sama tadi although dan though, kalo kita pake in spite of dan despite,
harus selalu diikuti dengan noun phrase, bukan suatu klausa utuh. Contoh:
I didn't get the job in spite of my excellent curriculum vitae.

Gue tadi kaga diterima kerja walaupun CV gue keren abis.

112
Despite the large number of single ladies at my office, still, I can hardly find
anyone to date.
Walaupun banyak wanita single di kantor gue, tetep aja gue susah cari pacar.
Kita juga bisa pake gerund setelah in spite of dan despite. Contoh:
In spite of being the prettiest contestant, she didn't win the competition.
Walaupun menjadi peserta yang paling cantik, dia tidak memenangkan lomba
tersebut. Ternyata itu lomba L-Men of the Year.
Despite arriving early, the front seats were already full.
Walaupun dateng awal, kursi depan udah pada penuh tadi. Celotehan anak-
anak ambis yang kuliah harus selalu duduk depan nih ceritanya.
Inget ya, in spite of dan despite ga boleh diikuti klausa lengkap. Tapi kalo terpaksa,
ada triknya nih. Selipin dulu the fact that. Contoh:
In spite of the fact that she doesn't have any license, she always drives her
car to go to the school.
Walaupun faktanya dia ga punya SIM, dia selalu bawa mobil ke sekolahan.
Anak-anak SMA yang suka bikin macet sore-sore nih biasanya.
Despite the fact that she can drive her own car, she always asks her boyfriend
to drive her.
Walaupun faktanya dia bisa nyetir sendiri, dia selalu minta pacarnya buat
nyetirin. Jangan begitu ya kakak-kakak sekalian. Itu pacar, bukan Uber.
Inget ya, in spite of pake of, tapi kalo despite ga pake apa-apa.
Daftar verb yang diikuti dengan gerund

Jadi, ada beberapa verb yang langsung aja disusul oleh gerund sebagai objek
(complement) dalam kalimat. Udah tahu kan ya gerund? Verb yang berubah fungsi
jadi noun. Nah berikut adalah beberapa contoh verb yang umumnya diikuti gerund:
Admit Appreciate Avoid Can’t help Consider

Delay Deny Finish Mind Enjoy
Miss Postpone Practice Recall Quit
Risk Report Suggest Risk Resume
Contoh:
You should quit smoking because it’s detrimental.
I can’t recall buying this yellow shirt.
He practices dancing every Friday.

113
Daftar verb yang harus diikuti dengan to-infinitive
Kalo tadi gerund, sekarang ada verb yang harus selalu diikuti dengan bentuk to-
infinitive (to + base form). Ini dia daftarnya:
Agree Attempt Claim Decide Demand

Desire Expect Learn Forget Hesitate
Hope Intent Pretend Need Seem
Plan Prepare Want Refuse Offer
Strive Tend Fail Wish
Contoh:
We want to go to the museum tomorrow.
She refused to see the doctor.
It tends to get very cold here in the winter.

Kel
arj
ugaakhi
rny
a,pak.
REFERENCES:
P
ASSO
NWH
ATY
OUH
AVEL
EAR
NED
.
-
Yoda,900t
ahun,bel
um per
nahl
ul
usTOEFL.

The Ultimate Last Minute PBT TOEFL Strat

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

The Ultimate Last Minute PBT TOEFL Strat

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

P

TOEFL apaan dah?

Ada empat aspek yang akan diujikan, yaitu:

Apa Perbedaan Tiga Jenis Tes TOEFL tersebut?

1. PBT (Paper Based Test) TOEFL

2. CBT (Computer Based Test) TOEFL

THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY INTRODUCTION

soal langsung dijawab /dikerjakan di komputer. CBT pertama kali dikeluarkan

3. iBT (internet Based Test) TOEFL

Bedanya sama IELTS? Kalo sama TOEIC?

THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY INTRODUCTION

Apa aja sih yang diujikan?

Secret Weapons for Listening Section

2. K o n s e n t r a s i ! Inget ya, seperti pepatah yang sering kita dengar, “YOLO”,

THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY LISTENING SECTION

Tips and Tricks dalam Menjawab Listening Section – Short Dialogs

Jawabnya bukan ada di ujung langit. Noh, di ujung percakapan!

On the recording, you hear:

In your test book, you read:

THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY LISTENING SECTION

Jawabannya itu pengulangan kembali kata kunci di kalimat terakhir tadi.

On the recording, you hear:

In your test book, you read:

On the recording, you hear:

In your test book, you read:

THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY LISTENING SECTION

Tips and Tricks dalam Menjawab Listening Section – Long Conversations

(Kalo ada waktu) preview dulu pilihan jawabannya.

Fokus ke kalimat-kalimat yang ada di awal.

Pejamkan mata kalian dan bayangkan... Kaga, ini bukan ESQ.

Sambil dengerin, sambil lihat pilihan jawabannya juga.

• Untuk pertanyaan long conversations, ada beberapa pertanyaan dan

Tips and Trick dalam Menjawab Listening Section – Long Talks

Sama aja kaya yang tadi. Wqwqwq.

THE ULTIMATE LAST-MINUTE PBT TOEFL STRATEGY LISTENING SECTION

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Apa aja sih yang diujikan?

Secret Weapons for Structure and Written Expression

Secret Weapons for Structure and Written Expression

Untuk yang bagian Structure:

Untuk yang bagian Written Expression:

4. Langsung lihat kata-kata yang digarisbawahi. Biar ga buang-buang waktu,

Tips and Tricks dalam Menjawab Soal Structure

Pastikan kalimatnya punya subjek dan kata kerja.

• Biasanya pertanyaan di structure itu berhubungan dengan subjek dan kata

Jawaban yang tepat adalah B. Adverb menerangkan verb (verb+adverb).

Hati-hati dengan objek setelah preposisi.

Hati-hati dengan appositives.

Hati-hati dengan present participle dan past participle.

Contoh dari present participle:

Contoh dari past participle:

Jangan bingung dengan noun clause ya.

She knows /what you did last summer/.

I don't know /what was in the box/.

/How you behave/ is not polite!

/What happened last night/ is not your fault.

Satu lagi nih... Relative clause!

Maksudnya untuk objek begimana dah? Langsung ke contoh:

I like your classmate. We met her last night.

I like your classmate /whom we met last night/.

Contoh lagi deh ya:

The package /which I ordered last week/ arrived this morning.

Paket yang gue pesen minggu lalu nyampe tadi pagi.

Maksudnya subjek apaan lagi dah? Langsung ke contoh: