Difusi Eksternal
Difusi Eksternal
Oleh
Prof. Dr. Ir. Slamet, MT
Departemen Teknik Kimia UI
September 2012
Efek Difusi
Eksternal
Tahapan Reaksi Katalitik
1. Transfer massa (difusi) reaktan, bulk →
permukaan eksternal pelet katalis A B
B
2. Difusi reaktan: mulut pori → External
A 1 7 Diffusion
permukaan internal katalis melalui pori.
3. Adsorpsi reaktan → permukaan katalis. B
4. Reaksi pada permukaan katalis A
5. Desorpsi produk (contoh: spesies B) dari 2 6 Internal
Diffusion
permukaan katalis.
6. Difusi produk dari permukaan internal 3 5
pelet menuju mulut pori pada
4 Catalytic
permukaan eksternal katalis. Surface
7. Transfer massa produk dari permukaan AÆB
eksternal ke fasa bulk.
Difusi
Eksternal
Dasar-dasar transfer massa
• Neraca mol spesi A :
1 ∂ ∂WAz ∂C A
− (rWAr ) − + rA = (B)
r ∂r ∂z ∂t
Dasar-dasar transfer massa
• Fluks molar A, WA (mol/m2.s) merupakan jumlah dari
fluks difusi molekuler (JA) dan fluks dari gerakan bulk
atau konveksi (BA)
WA = J A + BA (1)
BA = y A ΣWi = C A V (2)
WA = -cDAB∇yA + yAWA
−1 (10)
WΑ = cD AB ∇ y A
1− yA
WΑ = cD AB ∇ ln(1 − y A ) = cD AB ∇ ln( y B )
Binary Diffusion
4. Forced Convection (JAz ≅ 0):
kc d p
Sh = (Bil. Sherwood)
DAB
ρUd p Ud p DAB
Re = = (Bil. Reynold) kc =
μ ν δ
μ ν
Sc = = (Bil. Schmidt )
ρDAB DAB
Example 11-2
(Rapid reaction on a catalyst surface)
Diketahui:
• Diameter pelet katalis = 1 cm
• Reaktan A : konsentrasi encer Æ CAb = 1 M
• Reaksi spontan di permukaan katalis (CAs = 0)
• Kecepatan, U = 0.1 m/s
• Viskositas kinematik, μ/ρ = 0.5x10-6 m2/s
• Difusivitas A, DAB = 10-10 m2/s
Ditanya:
• Fluks molar A (WAr)
• Laju reaksi permukaan (-r’’As)
Example 11-2
(Rapid reaction on a catalyst surface)
Jawab:
• Menghitung koefisien transfer massa:
Ud p
Re = = 2000 1
Sh = 2 + 0.6(2000) (5000)
1
ν 2 3
ν
Sc = = 5000 = 460.7
DAB
D AB Sh −6
kc = = 4 . 61 x10 m/s
dp
− rAs" = k r C As (18)
kc
−r "
As = C A ≈ k cC A (20)
1 + kc / kr
= 0 .6 ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
p
kc
⎜ d ⎟ ⎜⎝ ν
⎝ p ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ D AB ⎠
1
(21)
⎛ D AB3 ⎞ ⎛ U ⎞
2 2
kc = 0 . 6 x ⎜⎜ ⎟ x ⎜ ⎟
ν
1
⎟ ⎜ d ⎟
⎝ ⎠
6
⎝ p ⎠
kc = 0 . 6 x (Term 1 ) x (Term 2)
Reaksi lambat
• Jika reaksi sangat lambat Æ kr << kc Æ pers (19) menjadi:
kr
−r "
As = C A ≈ krC A (22)
1 + kr / kc
-rA” Reaction
Diffusion
Limited Limited
(U/dp)1/2
Mass Transfer-Limited Reactions
in Packed Beds
dC A CA ⎛ kcac ⎞
−U = k c acC A = ⎜−
int egrasi pd z = 0 , C A =C Ao
⎯⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯
⎯→ exp z⎟
dz C Ao ⎝ U ⎠
⎛ k a ⎞ ⎛ k a ⎞
X = 1 − exp ⎜ − c c z ⎟ dan − r A" = k c C Ao exp ⎜ − c c z ⎟
⎝ U ⎠ ⎝ U ⎠
(23)
Mass Transfer-Limited Reactions
in Packed Beds
⎡ kcd p ⎛ φ ⎞ 1 ⎤ ⎡ ρ Ud p ⎤ ⎛ μ
1
2
⎞
1
3 (24)
⎢ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎥ = ⎢ ⎥ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎣ D AB ⎝ 1 − φ ⎠ γ ⎦ ⎣ μ (1 − φ ) γ ⎦ ⎝ ρ D AB ⎠
0 . 25 < φ < 0 . 50
40 < Re' < 4000
1 < Sc < 4000
A. Catalyst Monolith
• In packed-bed reactors, when a
gaseous feed stream contains
significant amounts of particulate
matter, dust tends to clog the catalyst
bed.
• To process feed streams of this type,
parallel-plate reactors (monoliths) are
commonly used.
• The reacting gas mixture flows
between the parallel plates, and the
reaction takes place on the surface of
the plates.
A. Catalyst Monolith
1. Mol balance
(R11.1-1)
(R11.1-4)
(R11.1-5)
(R11.1-7)
(R11.1-6)
B. Wire Gauzes
(R11.1-12)