The Error Analysis and Acceptability of The Indonesian-English Translation of @jokowi Instagram Captions

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
THE ERROR ANALYSIS AND ACCEPTABILITY

OF THE INDONESIAN-ENGLISH TRANSLATION
OF @JOKOWI INSTAGRAM CAPTIONS
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Margaretha Christiatri Wulandari
Student Number: 141214012
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2019

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Student Number: 141214012
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2019
i
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN TIDAK

DIPUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertandatangan dibawah ini, saya mahasiswi Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama : Margaretha Christiatri Wulandari

NomorMahasiswa : 141214012
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan

Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:

beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan
kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan,
mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan
data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan tidak mempublikasikannya di internet
atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya
maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya
sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di Yogyakarta
Pada tanggal: 10 Juni 2019
Yang menyatakan,
v
ABSTRACT
Wulandari, Margaretha Christiatri. (2019). The Error Analysis and Acceptability

of the Indonesian-English Translation of @jokowi Instagram Captions.
Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma
University.
One of the main keys of translating is when the meaning and information
in the source language is well-delivered in the target language. Today, many
machine translations are available to help human translating ideas and
information. Instagram provides this feature for its users. However, the researcher
found errors in the translation results which alter the initial intended meaning. The
errors were found in the captions of an Instagram account owned by Indonesian
current president, Joko Widodo. The researcher then investigated further about the
translation produced by Instagram Translate and made an alternative translation.
This study aims to answer two research questions: (1) what errors are
found in the English translation of @jokowi Instagram account made by
Instagram Translate, and (2) how are the errors in the English translation of
@jokowi Instagram account made by Instagram rectified.
To solve the first problem, the researcher used Koponen’s theory of
machine translation assessment (2010). There are six error categories that are
commonly found in machine translation, they are Omitted, Added, Untranslated,
Substituted and Explicitated Concept. The second problem was solved by
combining Larson’s theory of translation acceptability (1984) and Machali’s
translation criteria (2000).
The final result shows that there are 70 errors in Instagram Translate; 31 of
them in Mistranslated Concept, 22 in Omitted, 9 in Untranslated, 6 in Substituted
and 2 in Added Concept. Out of the maximum score of 12, Instagram Translate
gets the score of 5, making it a sufficient translation. Meanwhile, the alternative
human translation gets the score of 11.17. Generally, it can be said that the
translation provided by human is better in performance compared to Instagram
Translate.
Keywords: translation, machine translation, error analysis, acceptability,

meaning-based
vi
ABSTRAK
Wulandari, Margaretha Christiatri. (2019). The Error Analysis and Acceptability

of the Indonesian-English Translation of @jokowi Instagram Captions.
Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma
University.
Salah satu kunci utama penerjemahan adalah makna dan informasi dari
bahasa sumber tersampaikan dengan baik ke bahasa sasaran. Saat ini, beragam
mesin penerjemah tersedia untuk membantu manusia menerjemahkan gagasan dan
informasi. Instagram menyediakan fitur ini untuk para penggunanya. Namun,
peneliti menemukan kesalahan dalam hasil terjemahan Instagram yang mengubah
makna awal yang dimaksud dalam bahasa sumber. Kesalahan tersebut ditemukan
pada akun Instagram milik presiden Indonesia saat ini, Joko Widodo. Peneliti
kemudian meneliti lebih lanjut hasil terjemahan Instagram dan membuat
terjemahan alternatif.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menjawab dua rumusan masalah: (1) kesalahan apa
saja yang ditemukan dalam terjemahan Bahasa Inggris caption Instagram
@jokowi yang dibuat oleh Instagram Translate¸ dan (2) bagaimana kesalahan-
kesalahan tersebut bisa dikurangi.
Untuk memecahkan rumusan masalah pertama, peneliti menggunakan teori
Koponen (2010) tentang penilaian mesin penerjemah. Ada enam kategori yang
biasa dibuat oleh mesin penerjemah, yaitu konsep Omitted, Added, Untranslated,
Substituted, dan Explicitated. Rumusan masalah kedua dipecahkan dengan
menggabungkan teori Larson (1984) tentang keberterimaan terjemahan dan teori
Machali (2000) mengenai kriteria terjemahan.
Hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa Instagram Translate membuat 7
kesalahan; 31 di antaranya termasuk dalam konsep Mistranslated, 22 dalam
Omitted, 9 dalam Untranslated, 6 dalam Substituted dan 2 dalam Added. Dari skor
maksimal 12, Instagram Translate mendapat skor 5, yang berarti terjemahan yang
dibuat termasuk dalam kategori cukup baik. Sedangkan terjemahan alternatif
mendapat skor 11,17. Secara umum, terjemahan yang dibuat manusia terbilang
lebih baik daripada buatan mesin penerjemah Instagram.
Kata kunci: translation, machine translation, error analysis, acceptability

meaning-based
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Firstly, I would like thank Jesus for all His blessings all the way along the
journey of my life up to this point. Everything that I have done is because of His
kindness and grace.
My gratitude also goes to my thesis advisor, Mr. Concilianus Laos
Mbato, M.A., Ed.D. I could not ask for a better person to be my advisor for Mr.
Cons has always been so patient and kind despite my disappearance in many,
many occasions. I also would like to thank Miss Patricia Angelina Lasut, S.Pd.,
M.Hum. for being an amazing and kind previous academic advisor and Miss
Christina Lhaksmita Anandari, Ed.M., my current academic advisor for
making the time, thoughts and energy to help me finish all this process of earning
a degree. Special thanks also goes to Miss Laurentia Sumarni, S. Pd., M.
Trans. St., Mr. Barli Bram, MEd., PhD., and Mr. Erik Hammarlund, B.A.,
for willingly sparing some time for me to check my data and translation and see if
it is good enough.
Next, I sincerely thank the parental figures in my life: my mother, my
father, my uncle and my aunt. Because of their affection, patience and prayers, I
can accomplish another milestone in my life. I thank my siblings for always
helping me go through tough days and bringing the smile back to my face.
I am grateful to all the lecturers and staff of the English Language
Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University for their guidance for the
past years.
viii
I would like to thank my friends who have made my university life worth
living: Githa, Tyas, Melisa, Putri and Kiky. I thank my friends I have got the
fortune of knowing: Oliv, Mia, and Grace. I also thank my internet friends, who I
have never met in person, but have helped me a lot through this life: Michael, Iris,
Ari, Dhira and Lauri. They were the ones who always believed in me even when I
did not. They have been really wonderful friends and I am eternally grateful that
we crossed paths in our lives.
Lastly, I also thank myself for not giving up despite how many, many
times I thought of doing so. Had my past self lost faith in that little glimmer of
hope, I would not be able to finish this research.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL PAGES .............................................................................................. ii
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ...................................................... iv
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI .........................................................v
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................x
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ xii
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES ...................................................................................... xiv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background .................................................................1
B. Research Questions .....................................................................4
C. Research Significance .................................................................4
D. Definition of Terms ....................................................................5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Theoretical Description............................................................7
1. Translation .................................................................................7
2. Meaning-Based Translation ......................................................7
3. Acceptable Translation ..............................................................8
4. Machine Translation ................................................................10
5. Koponen’s Classification in Assessing Machine
Translation ...............................................................................11
B. Theoretical Framework ..........................................................13
x
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Method ...................................................................14
B. Type and Source of Data .......................................................15
C. Data Gathering Technique .....................................................15
D. Data Analysis Technique .......................................................17
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

A. Results ...................................................................................20
1. Translation Errors by IgT found in @jokowi Captions ........20
a. Omitted Concept ...................................................................20
b. Added Concept ......................................................................23
c. Untranslated Concept ............................................................25
d. Mistranslated Concept...........................................................27
e. Substituted Concept ..............................................................31
2. The Rectification of the Errors Found in @jokowi
Instagram Captions Translated by IgT ...............................34
a. The Acceptability of Translation Made by
Instagram Translate ...............................................................35
b. The Acceptability of Translation Made by Human
Translator ..............................................................................40
B. Discussions .............................................................................44
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Conclusions ............................................................................46
B. Recommendations ..................................................................48
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................49
APPENDICES .......................................................................................................51
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2.1 Translation Criteria .......................................................................................10
3.1 Example of the Data Coding.........................................................................17
3.2 Description of Error in Instagram Translate .................................................18
3.3 Scoring Rubric by Kusumastuti (2017) ........................................................19
3.4 Scoring Criteria and Category by Kusumastuti (2017) ................................19
4.1 Examples of Omitted Noun Error Category .................................................21
4.2 Example of Omitted Verb Error Category....................................................22
4.3 Examples of Omitted Adjective Error Category ..........................................23
4.4 Example of Added Noun Error Category .....................................................24
4.5 Example of Added Verb Error Category ......................................................25
4.6 Example of Untranslated Noun Error Category ...........................................26
4.7 Example of Untranslated Verb Error Category ............................................27
4.8 Examples of Mistranslated Noun Error Category ........................................28
4.9 Example of Mistranslated Verb Error Category ...........................................29
4.10 Examples of Mistranslated Adjective Error Category ..................................30
4.11 Example of Mistranslated Preposition Error Category.................................31
4.12 Example of Substituted Noun Error Category ..............................................32
4.13 Example of Substituted Verb Error Category...............................................33
4.14 Example of Substituted Adverb Error Category...........................................34
4.15 Overall Result of Instagram Translate’s Translation Score ..........................35
4.16 Example of Very Good Acceptability by Instagram Translate ....................36
4.17 Example of Good Acceptability by Instagram Translate .............................37
4.18 Example of Sufficient Acceptability by Instagram Translate.......................38
4.19 Example of Poor Acceptability by Instagram Translate ...............................39
4.20 Overall Result of Human Translator’s Translation Score ............................40
4.21 Examples of Excellent Acceptability by Human Translator ........................42
4.22 Examples of Very Good Acceptability by Human Translator......................43
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
4.1 Omitted Concept by Instagram Translate .....................................................21
4.2 Added Concept by Instagram Translate .......................................................24
4.3 Untranslated Concept by Instagram Translate ..............................................26
4.4 Mistranslated Concept by Instagram Translate ............................................28
4.5 Substituted Concept by Instagram Translate ................................................32
xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
Appendix A: All Data Translated by Instagram Translate.....................................51
Appendix B: All Data Translated by Human Translator .......................................56
Appendix C: Description of Errors ........................................................................61
Appendix D: Suggestions for Human Translator ...................................................67
Appendix E: Translation Criteria Scoring .............................................................69
xiv
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides the information on the research background,
research questions, research significance and definition of terms.
A. Research Background
We live in a borderless era. The world does not seem as big with all the
communication and connection that humans make. With today’s technology,
messages and information are spread and delivered merely in seconds. People can
access those messages and information on various platforms such as e-mail,
websites and social media.
According to a survey done by Ethnologue, published by SIL International
(2019) there are over 7,000 languages spoken all around the world today.
Although there are some languages which play as international languages to
connect people globally, it cannot be denied that there are still many people who
do not speak languages other than the mother tongue very fluently. Hence,
technology is developed to be more sophisticated to help people receive and
deliver information just as fast.
Nowadays, it is a fact that most people are inseparable from social media.
Social media help people to deliver and receive information not only rapidly but
also in a fun and interesting way. One of the most popular social media used today
is Instagram. According to a survey done by statista.com, there are over one
billion monthly active Instagram users as of June 2018. This makes Instagram the
1
most popular social media worldwide, surpassing Twitter and Facebook. These
active Instagram users include popular people like celebrities, artists, politicians,
authors, influencers and many others.
Instagram provides a main feature to help people share pictures. Besides,
there are also other features on Instagram like video sharing, captions, comments,
likes, archives, stories and Instagram Live. In 2016, Instagram added a new
feature, which is Instagram Translate (IgT). This feature helps user to translate
captions in many different languages into English, or vice versa. One of the
translated languages is Bahasa Indonesia.
This thesis discusses an official account owned by Indonesia’s current
president, Joko Widodo or commonly known as Jokowi. On his account, which
has over nine millions of followers, Jokowi shares pictures, videos and captions
about his social and work life. The researcher chose this account because not only
this account has gained a lot of public attention, but also because he is one of
Indonesian politicians who share information on a personal social media account.
On a post uploaded on April 2nd 2018, Jokowi wrote a caption: “Ayo kita
dukung “The Minions”, pasangan Kevin dan Marcus agar bisa juara di Asian
Games 2018 yang akan digelar di Jakarta dan Palembang. Jaga konsistensi untuk
mempertahankan puncak prestasi.” IgT translates the caption into “Let us support
“the minions”, the couple Kevin and Marcus will be the champion at the 2018
Asian games which will be held in Jakarta and palembang. Keep the consistency
to maintain the peak of accomplishment.”

It can be seen that there is a change in the source text (ST) when translated
into the target text (TT). In the Bahasa Indonesia caption, the president is showing
support to Kevin and Marcus and hoping that they can win the upcoming Asian
Games by writing. However, IgT translates “agar bisa juara di Asian Games
2018” into “will be the champion at the 2018 Asian games”. This is as if it is
already certain that Kevin and Marcus will be the winners of the Asian Games.
The researcher finds it interesting to discover more errors to study how Instagram
Translate works.
Larson (1984) defines translation as “communicating the same meaning in
a second language as was communicated in the first” (p. 41). In other words,
translation is a process of transferring meaning from one language to another.
Larson (1984) also states that a good translation should be able to communicate as
much as possible the same meaning from the source language. It is meaning that
should be kept and not forms. Translators should be able to find the closest
equivalent for the source texts to be translated into the target language.
To analyze the translation result done by Instagram Translate, the
researcher uses Koponen theory on errors found in machine translation as the
basis. Other than that, the researcher also provides possible alternate translations
produced manually by human. The manual translation is produced by the
researcher, checked and clarified by a sworn translator, who is also a lecturer in
Sanata Dharma University. An English native speaker who is also a teacher in
Lembaga Bahasa also took part in checking the translation produced by the
researcher.
B. Research Questions
This undergraduate thesis will answer these following research questions:
1. What errors are found in the English translation of @jokowi Instagram
caption made by Instagram Translate?
2. How are the errors in the English translation of @jokowi Instagram
caption made by Instagram Translate rectified?
C. Research Significance
This research aims to give contributions to:
1. Further Researchers
This research can be an inspiration for further researchers who want to
conduct a research on error analysis on machine translation. This research can be
one of the pilot studies to help those who want to learn more about errors in
Machine Translation, specifically Instagram Translate.
2. Readers in General
This research can be a source of knowledge for readers in general about
error analysis in Machine Translation. Readers in general can learn that the
mistakes that Machine Translation make can be studied.
D. Definition of Terms
In order to have the same perceptions and terminologies used frequently in
this study, the researcher defines these following terms:
1. Translation
There are several definitions of translation stated by different experts.
According to Catford (1965), translation is an operation which is performed on

languages. In other words, it is a process of substituting a text in one language for
a text to another language. Meanwhile, Newmark (1981) defines translation as a
craft consisted of an attempt to replace a written message in one language by the
same message in another language.
2. Machine Translation
Machine Translation has become a common tool for students or people in
general to help them translate information. The term Machine Translation (MT) is
the now traditional and standard name for computerized system responsible for
the production of translations from one natural language into another, with or
without human assistance (Hutchin, 1992: 3). Sapar, Ridhuan & Abdullah (2018)
defines that MT is a subgroup of computational linguistics. In her thesis, Chelbi
(2016) defines MT as a translation of a text from one language to a different
language without any human involvement using computer software (p. 5).
3. Error Analysis in Machine Translation
According to Sine (2013), error analysis is the study of a quantity of errors
that occurs particularly in the fields of applied linguistics. Meanwhile, Ellis
(1985) states that error analysis is a procedure involving collecting sample of a
language, identifying the errors in the sample, describing the errors, classifying
them and evaluating the seriousness (p. 296).
More specifically, error analysis in machine translation can be defined as
the process of collecting, identifying and classifying mistakes found in the result
of translation produced by a machine translation.

4. Instagram
Instagram is founded in 2010 (Bergstorm & Backman, 2013). It is a
mobile media that enables its users a fast and instant way to capture and share
their life moments to their followers in the form of photos and videos (Hu,
Manikonda and Kambhampati, 2014). Recently, Instagram released Instagram
Translate, its machine translation, to translate captions posted on Instagram.
5. Caption
Caption, as defined by Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries (2010), is “words
that are printed underneath a picture, cartoon, etc. that explain or describe it” (p.
209). In other words, caption is a title or brief explanation attached to some kind
of pictures or illustrations.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, theories related to the topic will be shown and elaborated.
This chapter is divided into two parts. The first one is theoretical description,
where the researcher explains the theories related and used in this research. The
second part is theoretical framework where the researcher makes a summary of all
the theories used to conduct this research.
A. Theoretical Description
1. Translation
Many experts have defined translation in many ways from many different
perspectives. Newmark (1981) defines translation as “a craft consisting in the
attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same
message and/or statement in another language” (p. 7). Because of cultural
differences between the two languages, many changes in the target languages will
be made by a translator.
Meanwhile, Munday (2001) describes the process of translation as follows:
The process of translation between two different written languages

involves the translator changing an original written text (the source text or
ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into a
written text (the target text or TT) in a different verbal language (the target
language or TL) (p. 11).
2. Meaning-Based Translation
According to Larson (1984), there are two main kinds of translation,
namely form-based translation and meaning-based translation. The form-based
7
translation is also known as literal translation. It deals with translating the source
text word-by-word. The aim of form-based translation is to keep the grammatical
form of the source language. While it is useful for studying the source language
words, the intended meaning of the source text is often left unknown. Hence,
form-based translation is considered as a poor translation.
Meanwhile, meaning-based translation deals with translating ideas and
meaning instead of just forms. The translation is expressed as naturally as
possible. Larson (1984) states that the best kind of translation is one which uses
normal language forms of the target language. Different grammatical forms and
lexical selection can be used as long as the translation has the same meaning that
was understood by the speakers of the target language. Not only that, the
translator should be able to maintain the dynamics of the original source text and
evoke the same response in the target language as it is in the source language.
3. Acceptable Translation
A good translator always aims to produce an acceptable translation. Larson
(1984) states there are three categories that make a good translation; they are
accuracy, clarity and naturalness. A translation is accurate when all the
information from the source text is there in the translation. No information should
be added, omitted or altered. A clear translation is a translation that can be
understood by speakers of the target language even when they have not seen the
translation previously. Meanwhile, a translation is considered natural when it
flows easily, sounds right and does not sound like a translation.
In order to know whether a translation is acceptable or not, a translator has
to do several steps in several testing. Larson (1984) proposes seven steps to be
conducted in testing a translation; they are comparison with the source language,
back-translation, comprehension tests, naturalness tests, readability tests,
consistency tests and using the testing result. However, since this undergraduate
thesis only needs to answer if a translation is accurate, clear and natural, only
three out of the seven steps are going to be elaborated. They are:
a. Comparison with the source language
To check for equivalence of information content in the translation, a
translator has to compare the Source Language and Target Language. By making
this comparison, problems or potential problems can be found. It is essential to
check and make sure that the meaning and the dynamics of the source text are
communicated by the translation.
b. Comprehension tests
The purpose of comprehension testing is to find out if the translation can
be understood by speakers of the TL. Comprehension testing can be done by the
translator themselves or by another trained person. It should be done by people
who are fluent in the target language. If the tester is able to retell the information
in the translation, then it is safe to say that the translation result is comprehensive
enough.
c. Naturalness tests
The naturalness test is done by reviewers who are fluent in both SL and
TL. It would be very helpful if the reviewers have writing skills in the TL. A
10
reviewer should expect the translation to be not only meaningful but also easy to
read.
Other than that, some criteria are also crucial to judge the quality of a
translation. Machali (2000) suggested the criteria as shown in the table below.
Table 2.1: Translation Criteria
Category Score Indicator

It is delivered naturally; does not feel like a
86-90
Excellent translation. There are no spelling mistakes; no
(A)
grammatical mistakes; no vocabulary mistakes.
There is no distortion of meaning; no awkward and
76-85 literal translation. There are no vocabulary
Very good
(B) mistakes; only one or two spelling mistakes (in
Arabic, no spelling mistakes are allowed).
There is no distortion of meaning; literal translation
is not more than 15% of the translation and does
not feel like a translation so much. Grammatical
61-75
Good mistakes are not more than 15% of the translation.
(C)
Only one or two non-standard terms. Only one or
two spelling mistakes (in Arabic, no spelling
mistakes are allowed).
It feels like a translation; some literal translation
but not more than 25%. Some idiomatic and
46-60
Sufficient grammatical mistakes, but not more than 25% from
(D)
the whole text. Only one or two non-standard/not
common and unclear terms.
It sounds like a translation; too many awkward
20-45 literal translation (more than 25% of the whole
Poor
(E) text). Distortions of meanings and vocabulary
mistakes are more than 25% of the whole text.
4. Machine Translation
Hutchin (1992) defines machine translation as the “traditional and standard
name for computerized systems responsible for the production of translations
from one language or another, with or without human assistance” (p. 3). Although
it was aimed to produce high quality translations, most machine translation results
11
still need human revisions. However, of course, the errors found in machine
translation are different from those found in human translation.
Hutchin (1992) suggests that there are three basic system designs for
machine translation. The first one is the direct approach, where the machine
translation system is designed specifically for one particular pair of languages in
one direction only. The second system design is interlingua approach, where the
translation process is undergone through two stages: from source language to
interlingua, then from interlingua to target language. Lastly, there is the transfer
approach. In this approach, translation process is undergone through three stages
which often involve syntactic representation for both source and target text.
Tripathi & Sarkhel (2010) classifies some different methods of machine
translation. They are Dictionary Based Machine Translation, Rule Based Machine
Translation (RBMT), Knowledge Based Machine Translation, Corpus Based
Machine Translation, Example Based Machine Translation (EBMT) and Context
Based Machine Translation (CBMT). With languages which are always evolving,
it is almost certain that using only one of those methods can result in a good
quality translation.
5. Koponen’s Classification in Assessing Machine Translation
Koponen (2010) proposes error categories made by machine translation
into six categories, they are:
a. Omitted Concept, is when a concept in the Source Text (ST) is not
conveyed by the Target Text (TT).

12
b. Added Concept, is when a concept that does not exist in the ST appears in
the TT.
c. Mistranslated Concept, is when the TT concept has the wrong meaning for
the context.
d. Untranslated Concept, is when words from the ST appear in the TT. In
other words, there are words from ST that are not translated into the TT.
e. Substituted Concept, is when the TT concept is not a direct lexical
equivalent for the ST concept, but still considered as a valid replacement.
f. Explicitated Concept, is when the concept appears in the TT does not
change the meaning as whole, but it is more explicit than the ST intended
to.
B. Theoretical Framework
The basic understanding of the topic of this research is the definition of
translation and machine translation. The error categorizations proposed by
Koponen is then used to analyze and identify the errors made by Instagram
Translate in translating the captions of @jokowi Instagram account. This step is
done to answer the first research question in the formulated problem. The
categorized errors are then calculated and analyzed deeper to answer the second
research question, which is to improve the performance of Instagram Translate as
well as to reduce the errors made.

13
After knowing the errors of the translation result made by Instagram
Translate, the researcher then used the theory on translation acceptability
proposed by Larson (1984) to provide a better translation alternative. The theory
states that a good translation should be natural, accurate and clear.

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher presents the methodology used to answer the
problems formulated. There are two parts discussed in this chapter, they are object
of the study and approach of the study.
A. Research Method
Qualitative research method was applied in doing this research. Shank
(2002) defines qualitative research method as “a form of systematic empirical
inquiry into meaning” (p. 5). In other words, by applying this method, the
researcher used descriptive explanation to demonstrate the findings of this
research. Lincoln (2000) states that qualitative researches study things in natural
settings while trying to make sense of phenomena in terms of the meanings people
bring to them.
In addition to that, the researcher also applied library and explicatory
methods. According to George (2008), the library method “involves identifying
and locating sources that provide factual information or personal/expert opinion
on a research question” (p. 6). This method was applied to gather the information
and theories of translation, machine translation and some linguistic aspects to
analyze the data.
Meanwhile, explicatory method, according to George (2008) is a method
that entails a careful, close, and focused examination of a single major text, or of
evidence surrounding a single complex event (p. 6). This examination is done in
14
15
an attempt to understand the aspect of the major text, for example, trying to
understand why a poem is pleasing. This method was applied to examine and
analyze the captions as the focus of this research as well as to point out the errors
found in the translation of the captions.
The data in this research were primary data. It means that the data taken
were collected not from preceding researches or studies. The data were collected
from the captions of @jokowi Instagram account.
B. Type and Source of Data
The data studied in this research are objective data. The data collected
were taken from an ST and TT. The ST consists of the captions in @jokowi
Instagram account from the posts dated September 2017 to April 2018.
Meanwhile, the TT was the translation of those captions translated by Instagram
Translate. The captions consist of 762 words in Bahasa Indonesia. After translated
into English by Instagram Translate, the data consisted of 805 words.
C. Data Gathering Technique
Here are several steps the researcher did to collect sufficient data. Firstly,
the researcher chose an Instagram account to study. The account should be
verified by Instagram for the researcher to get reliable captions. The captions
posted on the account also had to be in Bahasa Indonesia because later on, the
captions were to be translated by Instagram Translate. The researcher then chose
@jokowi as the owner is a public figure whose account follows Instagram
Community Guidelines.
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Secondly, the researcher chose some posts for caption collecting. The
captions collected were taken from the posts dated September 2017 to April 2018.
However, the account @jokowi does not have a regular schedule in posting to
Instagram. Therefore, the researcher took three captions from each month to be
taken as the data of the research. The posts taken are from the beginning, the
middle and the end of every month between September 2017 to April 2018.
The researcher took three captions from each month dated from September
2017 to April 2018. Those three captions were the captions posted in the
beginning, the middle and the end of every month. The captions posted in the
beginning of the month should be dated very early and for the captions posted in
the end of the month should be dated very late in that month. Meanwhile, the
caption in the middle of the month should be dated exactly the 15th or the nearest
post dated to the 15th. The researcher managed to collect 23 captions to be
analyzed.
Thirdly, the researcher then saw the translation of the chosen captions by
tapping the See Translation button on the posts on Instagram. The researcher then
arranged a table to make it easier for the researcher to see the ST and TT side by
side.
Table 3.1: Example of the Data Coding
No. ST No. IgT

Selamat Hari Raya Iduladha Happy day 1438 H for
1/ST/IX/01 1438 H dari Sukabumi. Foto: 1/TT/IX/01 sukabumi. Photo: Press
Biro Pers Setpres Bureau setpres.
17
The code can be read as follows:
1 : The number of captions
ST : Source Text
25 : The date of the caption created
TT : Target Text
IgT : Captions after translated by Instagram Translate
D. Data Analysis Technique
The data that had been collected were then categorized and examined
based on the translation results made by Instagram Translate. A table was made
by the researcher to see and analyze the data more easily.
Table 3.2: Description of Error in Instagram Translate
No. ST No. IgT Error

Category
1/ST/IX/01 Selamat Hari Raya 1/TT/IX/01 Happy day 1438 H Omitted
Iduladha 1438 H for sukabumi. Category -
dari Sukabumi. Photo: Press adjective
Foto: Biro Pers Bureau setpres
Setpres
In order to answer the first research question, the researcher analyzed the
error found in the captions of @jokowi Instagram account. This was done by
firstly arranging a table as seen in table 2. The next step is to study and confirm
the errors found in the translation made by IgT using Koponen’s theory as the
basis.
Meanwhile, to answer the second research question, the researcher
provides an alternative of the translation result made by Instagram. The alternative

18
was made by the researcher, then reviewed and validated by a sworn translator.
The researcher also uses the theory proposed by Larson (1984) to double check
the accuracy, clarity and naturalness of the alternative of the translation.
A scoring rubric was made based on Machali (2000) theory to check if the
translation both made by IgT and the researcher was natural. The scoring rubric is
the scoring rubric made by Kusumastuti (2017) used in her thesis about translation
acceptability. The rubric was then given to a native English speaker who speaks
fluent Bahasa Indonesia and is also a teacher in Lembaga Bahasa to help
determining the scoring of the translation.
Table 3.3: Scoring Rubric by Kusumastuti (2017)
4 3 2 1
(Idiomatic) (Near (Modified (Very Literal)
Idiomatic) Literal)
Clarity The readers The readers The readers The readers
understand the understand the hardly have difficulties
intended meaning intended understand the in
of the text. meaning of the intended understanding
The sentences text. meaning of the the intended
flow smoothly. Some transitions text. meaning of the
are presented but Some text.
not throughout transitions are Transitions are
the text. awkward. not presented.
Naturalness Ideas, not words, Ideas, not words, Sentence Only words are
are translated are translated structures are translated
(meaning-based (meaning-based modified but do (form-based
translation) in the translation) in not sound translation).
natural form of the natural form natural.
the receptor of the receptor
language. language
without losing
the original
language.
19
4 3 2 1
(Idiomatic) (Near (Modified (Very Literal)
Idiomatic) Literal)
Accuracy Necessary There are There are There are
addition and necessary unnecessary unnecessary
deletion appear additions and additions and additions and
yet the deletions. Some deletions. The deletions. The
information is information is information is information is
well-preserved. not well- barely hardly
Sentence preserved. preserved. preserved.
structure is Sentence Some sentence There is
correct. structure is structures are distortion of
generally awkward or information/
correct. grammatically content.
incorrect. Many sentence
structures are
incorrect.
Total
Both translations made by Instagram Translate and Human Translator
were then scored based on the rubric above. The highest score would be 12, while
the lowest would be 3. The scoring criteria and the category they fall into are
presented in the table below.
Table 3.4: Scoring Criteria and Category by Kusumastuti (2017)
Score Category
3–4 Poor
5–6 Sufficient
7–8 Good
9 – 10 Very Good
11 – 12 Excellent
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter presents the results of the data analysis as the discussion,
which answers the research questions formulated previously. There are two major
parts of this chapter. The first one discusses the errors found in the translation of
@jokowi Instagram account made by IgT.
A. Results
1. Translation Errors by IgT found in @jokowi Captions
As it is mentioned in the previous chapters, the errors found in @jokowi
Instagram captions translated by IgT are categorized into six categories based on
Koponen’s category on error analysis. To make it easier to see the number of each
error category, tables and diagrams are provided. Not every error is discussed in
this chapter. However, the researcher provides example for every category of the
error found.
Except for Explicitated Concept, there was at least one error found in each
category according to Koponen. They are Omitted Concept, Added Concept,
Untranslated Concept, Mistranslated Concept, and Substituted Concept.
a. Omitted Concept
Koponen (2010) states that a translation error counts as an omitted concept
when there is an ST concept that is not conveyed by the TT. It means that there is
an element missing from the ST. The missing element could be a very important
aspect of the passage and this absence could result in a miscommunication.
20
21
There were 22 errors found in the three subcategories of Ommited
Concept. The subcategories are Omitted Concept of noun, verb, and adjective.
The most frequent error was found in the noun sub-category, followed by
adjective and finally verb.
12 11
10
8
6
6 5
2
0 0
0
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Preposition
Figure 4.1: Omitted Concept by Instagram Translate
1) Omitted Noun
There are 11 errors found in the Omitted Concept of noun. The table below
shows the examples of the Omitted Noun errors.
Table 4.1: Examples of Omitted Noun Error Category
No. ST No. TT Error

Category
3/ST/ Kompak dan penuh 3/TT/ Compact and full of high- Omitted
IX/26 semangat pertemuan IX/26/ school college leaders… Concept –
pimpinan perguruan tinggi… IG noun
7/ST/ Warga antusias banget 7/ST/ Residents are very Omitted

XI/05 nonton HUT TNI ke-72… XI/05/ excited to watch the 72nd Concept –
IG army… noun
22
As you can see in the datum number 3/ST/IX/26, there is the noun
pertemuan. However, in the translation, the concept is not conveyed. The noun
pertemuan should be translated into “meeting.” In the datum 3/TT/IX/26/IG, the
word pertemuan is the main noun of the sentence, hence, by omitting it, the
translation becomes unclear and the intended meaning is not delivered.
Meanwhile, in the datum number 7/ST/XI/05, a noun has been omitted
from the ST, which is HUT or hari ulang tahun. The translation or the ST
becomes very unclear because the noun is the object of the sentence. The readers
would not know what was being celebrated by reading the translation made by
IgT.
2) Omitted Verb
There are 5 errors found in the subcategory of Omitted Verb. The table
below shows the example of the error.
Table 4.2: Example of Omitted Verb Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
16/ST/II/ Kesiapan Indonesia 16/TT/II/ Indonesia’s preparedness Omitted
03 menyongsong Asian 03/IG of the Asian Games Concept –
Games 2018… 2018… verb
In the datum 16/ST/II/03, the verb menyongsong is not conveyed in the
TT. The verb is the main action in the sentence. The word menyongsong can be
translated into “to welcome” and the full TT could be “Indonesia’s preparedness
in welcoming the Asian Games 2018…”

23
3) Omitted Adjective
In the Omitted Adjective, there are 6 errors found. Here is the example of
the error found in this subcategory.
Table 4.3: Examples of Omitted Adjective Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
3/ST/IX/2 Kompak dan penuh 3/TT/IX/2 Compact and full of high- Omitted
6 semangat pertemuan 6/IG school college leaders… Concept –
pimpinan perguruan adjective
tinggi se-Indonesia…
9/ST/XI/2 Terima kasih warga 9/TT/XI/2 Thank you citizens… Omitted
6 Medan… 6/IG Concept –
adjective
The concept of the adjective penuh semangat or “full of spirit” is not
conveyed in the translation made by Instagram. The adjective functions to modify
the noun, which is the meeting. Without the adjective, the noun becomes less
specific. While not causing so much change in the meaning of the sentence, the
omission of the adjective does erase the intended specific meaning from the ST.
The word semangat should not be omitted and translated into “spirit” instead.
In the second example, the word “Medan” cannot be found in the TT. It is
supposed to describe the word “citizens” in the ST, because mentioning “citizens”
alone is not specific enough. The word “Medan” should not be omitted, and still
be mentioned in the TT without being translated because it is a proper name.
b. Added Concept
Koponen (2010) theorizes that an Added Concept is an error which occurs
when there is a “TT concept that is not present in the ST.” The translation adds
information which does not exist in the source text. Instagram Translated made
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two errors of this category. The subcategories added noun and added verb each
has one error occurred.
1.2
1 1
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0
0
Figure 4.2: Added Concept by Instagram Translate
1) Added Noun
There is only one error found in this category. The table below shows the
example of the error which had occurred.
Table 4.4: Example of Added Noun Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
19/ST/ ... dalam rangka Hari 19/TT/ … in order of the world’s Added
III/03 Perempuan Dunia III/03/IG day the world will fall on Concept –
yang akan jatuh pada the March 8th. noun
tanggal 8 Maret.
Looking at the translation, the sentence does not sound right at all. The
phrase “the world” is mentioned twice in the translation. However, in the ST, the
phrase “the world” or dunia is only mentioned once in the phrase Hari
Perempuan Dunia. It is considered as an error because IgT added information
which is not at all present in the ST. The translation of dalam rangka Hari
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Perempuan Dunia yang akan jatuh ada tanggal 8 Maret should be “to celebrate
World’s Women Day which falls on March 8th.”
2) Added Verb
Just like in the previous error category, there is only one error found in the
added verb category. The table below shows the example of error occurring in this
category.
Table 4.5: Example of Added Verb Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
4/ST/ Luar biasa! 4/TT/ Are amazing! Added
X/02 X/02/IG Concept –
verb
The phrase luar biasa in the ST here is used as an exclamation. When
using an exclamation, there is no need to use any linking verb. Translating the ST
only into “Amazing!” is already enough.
c. Untranslated Concept
Untranslated concept is an error which occurs when there are “SL words
that appear in TT” (Koponen, 2010:4). It means that there are words which are left
as they are in the TT. There are 9 errors made by Instagram in this category in
which 8 of them are found in the noun sub-category, and the other one is in the
verb sub-category.
26
9 8
8
7
6
5
4
3
2 1
1 0 0 0
0
Figure 4.3: Untranslated Category by Instagram Translate
1) Untranslated Noun
In this sub-category, there are 8 errors found. The word is repeated in
many data and the error is repetitive. The table below shows the error
representative of this sub-category.
Table 4.6: Example of Untranslated Noun Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
1/ST/ Foto: Biro Pers Setpres 1/TT/ Photo: Press Bureau Untranslated
IX/01 IX/01/IG Setpres Concept –
noun
The word “Setpres” in the datum 1/ST/IX/01 appears exactly as it is in TT.
Setpres is short for Sekretariat Kepresidenan. It should not be left as it is because
the reader of the TT would not know what it means. It should be translated into
“State Secretary.”
2) Untranslated Verb
There only one error found in this category and it is found in the datum
number 21/ST/III/30.
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Table 4.7: Example of Untranslated Verb Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
21/ST/ Momong cucu di Mall 21/TT/ Momong grandson at the Untranslated
III/30 Solo Paragon III/30/IG Solo Paragon Mall Concept –
verb
As seen in the datum number 21/TT/III/20/IG, the word momong appears
as it is in the ST. The word momong should be translated into “baby-sitting” or
“baby-sit.” The word momong is actually derived from a Javanese word and is a
colloquial expression. The error found could have been caused by Instagram
Translate’s inability to translate non-formal words. With the word momong being
untranslated, the TT readers are unable to get the information provided in the ST.
The translation should be “I was baby-sitting my grandson at the Solo Paragon
Mall.”
d. Mistranslated Concept
Koponen (2010) describes Mistranslated Concept as an error where the TT
concept has the wrong meaning for the context. In other words, it means that the
TT fails to translate the intended concept in the ST. In this research, this category
has the biggest error frequency. The total of the errors found in the Mistranslated
Concept is 31. The highest number of error found in the noun sub-category, which
is 16 errors.
28
18 17
16
14
12
10 9
8
6
4 3
2
2 0
0
Figure 4.4: Mistranslated Concept by Instagram Translate
1) Mistranslated Noun
As many as 16 errors are found in this sub-category. The table below
presents the examples chosen to represent the errors found.
Table 4.8: Examples of Mistranslated Noun Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
19/ST/ Perempuan tangguh 19/TT/ The tough woman in my Mistranslated
III/03 dalam hidupku adalah III/03/ life is my mother’s Concept –
Ibu Iriana. IG mother. noun
10/ST/ … menikmati kuliner 10/ST/ … enjoying the culinary Mistranslated

XI/04 kerupuk banjur dan tahu XI/04/ crackers banjur and know Concept –
petis. IG petis. noun
The noun Ibu Iriana in the datum number 19/ST/III/03 is mistranslated
into “my mother’s mother.” The translation has totally lost its intended meaning.
Ibu Iriana in the ST refers to Jokowi’s wife, while “my mother’s mother” refers to
Jokowi’s grandmother from his mother side. The error creates a huge difference
between the intended meaning and the meaning conveyed by the TT. The proper
translation for Ibu Iriana should be “The First Lady Iriana.”

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Meanwhile, in the datum 10/ST/XI/04, the noun tahu is mistranslated into
“know”. In Bahasa Indonesia, the word tahu is polysemous. It means either “to
know” or “tofu”. In this context, the word tahu is used to refer to a type of food
made of soy beans. The English language has an equivalent for the word tahu,
which is “tofu.” However, IgT failed to see that and instead picked the meaning of
tahu as the verb “know.” In the TT, tahu petis should have just left as it is because
it is a proper noun.
2) Mistranslated Verb
Three errors were found in the sub-category of mistranslated verb. In the
table below, an example of the error is presented.
Table 4.9: Example of Mistranslated Verb Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
2/ST/ … kesempatan 4/TT/ … chance chance. Mistranslated
IX/16 momong cucu. X/02/IG Concept –
verb
In the datum number 2/ST/IX/16, the phrase momong cucu is
mistranslated into “chance chance”. The meaning from the ST has completely lost
in the TT because “chance chance” does not make sense at all. This error could
have occurred because Instagram Translate is not familiar with the word momong,
because momong is actually a Javanese word that has been adopted into Bahasa
Indonesia. Momong cucu could be translated into “baby-sitting my grandson” or
“playing with my grandson”.

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3) Mistranslated Adjective
In this sub-category, 9 errors were found. Here are some examples of the
errors from mistranslated adjective sub-category.
Table 4.10: Examples of Mistranslated Adjective Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
3/ST/ Kompak dan penuh 3/TT/ Compact and full of… Mistranslated
IX/26 semangat… IX/26/ Concept –
IG adjective
6/ST/X Anak muda kreatif dan 6/TT/X Young innovative young Mistranslated
/28 inovatif /28/ people Concept –
IG adjective
In datum number 3/TT/IX/26/IG, the word kompak is translated into
“compact”. In Bahasa Indonesia, the word kompak is usually used to describe a
group that has strong solidarity because the members of the group always support
each other. Meanwhile, the word “compact” has a very different meaning.
Something “compact” is something that is small and takes up a small space.
Because of that error, the meaning in the TT becomes very different. This error
could have happened because of how similar the word kompak and “compact”
sound, and Instagram Translate mistook the two words as the translation to each
other.
In the second example, the word kreatif in the ST is translated into
“young” in the ST. The correct translation of kreatif should be “creative.”
However, IgT has failed to find the correct translation, changing the intended
meaning of the ST.

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4) Mistranslated Preposition
There is one error found in this sub-category. The datum will be presented
in the table below.
Table 4.11: Examples of Mistranslated Preposition Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
1/ST/ …dari Sukabumi. 1/TT/ …for sukabumi. Mistranslated
IX/01 IX/01/ Concept –
IG preposition
Instagram Translate translated the dari into “for” whereas the two words
have completely different meaning. Dari means “from”. In the data number
1/ST/IX/01, readers learn that the city Sukabumi wishes a happy Eid Mubarak.
Sukabumi is the subject that does the action of wishing. Meanwhile, because
Instagram Translate translated dari into “for”, the meaning changed and
Sukabumi becomes the one that receives the wish.
e. Substituted Concept
According to Koponen (2010), an error falls into the Substituted Concept
when “TT concept is not a direct lexical equivalent for the ST concept, but can be
considered a valid replacement for the context” (p. 4). In other words, the
intended concept of the ST is still there, just not fully correct. The mistake made
in the translation is not fatal and is still acceptable. In this concept, there are 6
errors found, with 2 errors in the noun sub-category, 2 errors in the verb sub-
category, and 2 errors in the adverb sub-category.

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2.5
2 2 2
2
1.5
0.5
0 0
0
Figure 4.5: Substituted Concept by Instagram Translate
1) Substituted Noun
In the substituted noun sub-category, two errors were found. The table
below presents an example found in the sub-category.
Table 4.12: Example of Substituted Noun Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
9/ST/ Mohon doa restunya 9/TT/ … Please pray for my Substituted
XI/26 untuk rumah tangga XI/26/IG son’s household. Concept –
anak saya. noun
In the datum number 9/TT/XI/26/IG, the noun phrase rumah tangga is
translated into “household”. Oxford Learner’s Dictionary defines the word
“household” as “all the people living together in a house or flat/apartment” and
“connected with a house or flat and the people living in it”. Meanwhile, according
to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI), the term rumah tangga means yang
berkenaan dengan urusan kehidupan dalam rumah (seperti hal belanja rumah) or
“related to any matter in the house.”

33
At a glance, translating rumah tangga into “household” does not seem to
be wrong. However, looking deeper into the context of the caption, the word
“household” is not completely suitable. While posting the caption, Jokowi was
asking his followers to pray for his daughter and her husband who just got
married. In this context, the word “marriage” is more suitable and sounds more
natural than the word “household”.
2) Substituted Verb
Just like in the previous sub-category, there are two errors found in the
substituted verb sub-category. The example is presented in the table below.
Table 4.13: Example of Substituted Verb Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
13/ST/ Ayo, naik kereta 13/TT/ Come on, ride the train Mistranslat
I/02 untuk mengurangi I/02/IG to reduce traffic and ed Concept
kemacetan dan save time. - verb
hemat waktu.
In Bahasa Indonesia, the word ayo is used to persuade others to do
something. In English, there are two terms that can be used for the same purpose,
they are “come on” and “let’s” followed by a verb. While using “come on” is not
wrong, it sounds more demanding and informal. In this case, using “let’s” is more
appropriate.
3) Substituted Adverb
In this sub-category, there are two errors occurred. In the table below, an
example of the error is presented.

34
Table 4.14: Example of Substituted Adverb Error Category
Error
No. ST No. TT
Category
2/ST/ Mumpung malam 2/TT/ During Saturday night, … Mistranslated
IX/16 Minggu,… IX/16/IG Concept -
preposition
The word “during” is an acceptable equivalence for the Indonesian word
mumpung. However, the two words have different connotations. In the ST,
mumpung means taking the opportunity that does not happen everyday. In the
caption, it shows that Jokowi took the opportunity that he got on a Saturday night
to play with his grandson. Meanwhile, in the TT, it does not specify that being
free on a Saturday night is a rare occasion. It is only stated that during a specific
time—which was Saturday night—Jokowi spent his time playing with his
grandson. “While” would be a more suitable translation, but “during” is
considered an acceptable substitute.
2. The Rectification of the Errors Found in @jokowi Instagram
Captions Translated by IgT
To answer the second research question, the researcher checked the
acceptability of the translation. According to Larson (1984), an acceptably
translation is the one which is the one that is clear, natural, and accurate. A clear
translation is one that is easy to understand. A natural translation is one that is
translated by its meaning and not by word-to-word. An accurate translation is one
that does not alter the intended meaning of the ST. The checking was done by
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filling out a rubric made based on Larson (1984) theory of translation
acceptability and scoring criteria suggested by Machali (2000).
a. The Acceptability of Translation Made by Instagram Translate
The table below presents the overall result of the scoring of the translation
made by Instagram Translate. The complete data can be found in the appendices.
Table 4.15: Overall Result of Instagram Translate’s Translation Score
No. Clarity Naturalness Accuracy Total Category

1/TT/IX/01/IG 1 1 1 3 Poor
2/TT/IX/16/IG 1 1 1 3 Poor
3/TT/IX/26/IG 2 1 2 5 Sufficient
4/TT/X/02/IG 2 1 2 5 Sufficient
5/TT/X/18/IG 3 3 3 9 Very good
6/TT/X/28/IG 2 2 2 6 Sufficient
7/TT/XI/05/IG 1 1 1 3 Poor
8/TT/XI/10/IG 2 1 1 4 Poor
9/TT/XI/26/IG 2 2 2 6 Sufficient
10/TT/XII/04/IG 3 3 2 8 Good
11/TT/XII/16/IG 3 2 3 8 Good
12/TT/XII/31/IG 3 3 3 9 Very good
13/TT/I/02/IG 2 2 2 6 Sufficient
14/TT/I/19/IG 2 1 1 4 Poor
15/TT/I/29/IG 2 1 2 5 Sufficient
16/TT/II/03/IG 2 1 2 5 Sufficient
17/TT/II/12/IG 2 1 2 5 Sufficient
18/TT/II/22/IG 1 1 1 3 Poor
19/TT/III/03/IG 1 1 1 3 Poor
20/TT/III/11/IG 2 1 2 4 Poor
21/TT/III/30/IG 1 1 2 4 Poor
22/TT/IV/02/IG 2 1 1 4 Poor
23/TT/IV/13/IG 1 1 1 3 Poor
The highest score found in the translation made by IgT is only 9, which is
considered as a very good translation. Meanwhile, the lowest score is 3, which
makes it a poor translation. The average of the whole IgT score is 5, making it
falls into the sufficient category of acceptability.

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1) Very Good Acceptability
Two out of 23 data of IgT fall into the category of Very Good
Acceptability, they are the data number 5/TT/X/18/IG and 12/TT/XII/31/IG. Both
data were scored 9. The table below shows an example of datum that falls into this
category.
Table 4.16: Example of Very Good Acceptability by Instagram Translate
No. ST No. IgT

5/ST/ Kemarin malam bersama musisi 5/TT/X/ Last night with bandung street
X/18 jalanan Bandung. 18/IG musicians. Video: Press Bureau
Video: Biro Pres Setpres setpres
The translation is considered very good because when reading it, a speaker
of the ST will not have much difficulty in understanding the intended meaning. It
also does not feel like a translation. The grammar is also accurate. The only thing
that makes it not an excellent translation is that the source of the video was not
translated correctly. The word Setpres is not translated and left as it is in the TT. It
should be translated into “State Secretariat”.
2) Good Acceptability
A translation falls into the Good Acceptability category if it is scored
between 7 – 8. There are two data that fall into this category, they are data number
10/TT/XII/04/IG and 11/TT/XII/16/IG. Both data were scored 8. An example was
taken and presented in the table below.

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Table 4.17: Example of Good Acceptability by Instagram Translate
No. ST No. IgT

11/ST/ Mengantar Bapak B.J. Habibie 11/TT/ Escort Mr. B. J. Habibie to his
XII/16 sampai ke kediamannya di XII/16/ residence in the kuningan patra
Komplek Patra Kuningan. IG complex. May Mr. Habibie
Semoga Pak Habibie selalu always be awarded health.
dianugerahi kesehatan. Video: Video: Press Bureau setpres
Biro Pers Setpres
Out of the maximum score of 4, the datum presented above was scored 3
for clarity, 2 for naturalness and 3 for accuracy. The intended meaning of the ST
is clear and presented well in the TT. However, the choice of words makes it
sound not very natural. The word “awarded” is not usually used when wishing
someone a good health.
3) Sufficient Acceptability
A translation is considered sufficient when it has the score of 5 or 6 out of
12. The researcher found 8 data that falls into this category. Two data are
presented below as examples.
The translation number 13/TT/I/02/IG is scored 6 out of 12. The point for
clarity is 2 because it is confusing for people who do not speak the ST to
understand what it means. It is not impossible, but it takes a lot of effort. The
point for naturalness is 2 because this sounds very much like a translation. The
use of dashes is unusual for native English speakers to deliver such information.
The translation is also not very accurate, given the score 2 as well, because the
information in the TT is altered. The TT does not provide complete information
about the route.

38
Table 4.18: Example of Sufficient Acceptability by Instagram Translate
No. ST No. IgT

13/ST/ Sekarang sudah ada kereta 13/TT/ Now there is an airport train
I/02 bandara dengan rute perjalanan I/02/ with a travel route from the
mulai dari Stasiun Manggarai – IG manggarai – sudirman railway
Sudirman Baru – Duri – Baru station – the soekarno-Hatta
Ceper – Bandara Soekarno-Hatta. airport. Travel route for less
Rute perjalanan ditempuh selama than 54 minutes. Come on, ride
kurang lebih 54 menit. Ayo, naik the train to reduce traffic and
kereta untuk mengurangi save time. Photo: Press Bureau
kemacetan dan hemat waktu. setpres
Foto: Biro Pers Setpres
15/ST/ Tiba di Kabul, Afghanistan, 15/TT/ Arriving in Kabul, Afghanistan,
I/29 disambut salju dan angin yg I/29/ snow and cold wind. I was told,
dingin. Saya diberitahu, setelah 57 IG after 57 years ago, its just this
tahun lalu, baru kali ini lagi time the president of Indonesia
Presiden Indonesia berkunjung ke came to Afghanistan. In 1961
Afghanistan. Pada tahun 1961 President Sukarno did a historic
Presiden Sukarno pernah historical visit. Photo: Press
melakukan kunjungan kenegaraan Bureau setpres
yang bersejarah.
Meanwhile, the translation number 15/TT/I/29/IG is scored 5 out of 12. It
has got 2 points of clarity. Even though it is a little confusing for readers who do
not speak the ST, it is still possible to understand the meaning. The choice of
phrases like “its just this time” and “did a visit” makes the translation does not
sound natural. Some information is omitted from the TT, making it inaccurate. “
4) Poor Acceptability
The highest number of data is found in this category. As many as 11 out of
23 data fall into this category. In the table below, two examples are presented.
39
Table 4.19: Example of Poor Acceptability by Instagram Translate
No. ST No. IgT

7/ST/ Warga antusias banget nonton 7/TT/ Residents are very excited to
XI/05 HUT TNI ke-72 di Cilegon. XI/05/ watch the 72nd army in cilegon.
Rame sekali, jalanan sampai IG So many times, the road gets
tersendat. Lumayan olah raga choked up. It’s not fair to walk
jalan kaki menuju lokasi upacara. to the ceremony.
Selamat HUT TNI ke-72. TNI Congratulations on the
terus menjaga NKRI, Pancasila, Indonesian army t maintain
dan kewibawaan negara kita. TNI Indonesia, pancasila, and state
adalah kekuatan besar yg authority. Tni is a great
disegani di dalam dan di luar powerful power inside and
negeri. outside the country
19/ST/ Dalam membangun Indonesia, 19/TT/ In Building Indonesia, we need
III/03 kita butuh perempuan2 tangguh. III/03/ a fine girl. Someone goes
Ada yg langsung terjun ke IG straight into the field, someone
lapangan, ada yg menjaga tatanan keeps the family order. The
keluarga. Perempuan tangguh tough woman in my life is my
dalam hidupku adalah Ibu Iriana. mother’s mother.
Selamat kepada para perempuan Congratulations to the women
yang hari ini mengikuti Women’s who today follow women’s
March, dalam rangka Hari March, in order of the world’s
Perempuan Dunia yg akan jatuh day the world will fall on the
pada tgl 8 Maret. March 8th.
The translation number 7/TT/XI/05/IG is considered poor because it got
the score of 3 out of the maximum score of 12. The score of clarity is only 1 point
because the translation is very confusing. The next sentences do not seem to have
any connection with the previous ones. The score of naturalness is also 1 point
because it is very clear that instead of translating the idea of the ST, IgT translated
the caption word-by-word. Many ideas are mistranslated or omitted, making the
translation inaccurate. For example, the main point of HUT or “anniversary” is
completely missing in the TT.
The next example is from datum number 19/TT/III/03/IG, which got the
score of 3. In the translation, the idea is presented very roughly. The phrase “a
fine girl” makes it very unclear of what the intended meaning of the caption is. It
40
is also an unnatural sounding translation because of the word-by-word translation.
For example, IgT translated terjun ke lapangan as “works directly to the field.”
Besides, the translation is also inaccurate because some of the information from
the ST is missing or altered in the TT. For example, the phrases Ibu Iriana and
Hari Perempuan Dunia.
b. The Acceptability of Translation Made by Human Translator
Presented below is the overall result of the scoring of the alternative
translation made by Human Translator. The complete scoring data can be found in
the appendices.
Table 4.20: Overall Result of Human Translator’s Translation Result
No. Clarity Naturalness Accuracy Total Category

1/TT/IX/01/HT 4 4 4 12 Excellent
2/TT/IX/16/HT 3 3 3 9 Very Good
3/TT/IX/26/HT 4 3 4 11 Excellent
4/TT/X/02/HT 3 3 4 10 Very Good
5/TT/X/18/HT 4 4 4 12 Excellent
6/TT/X/28/HT 4 3 4 11 Excellent
7/TT/XI/05/HT 4 3 4 11 Excellent
10/TT/XII/04/HT 4 4 4 12 Excellent
13/TT/I/02/HT 3 3 3 9 Very good
14/TT/I/19/HT 3 3 3 9 Very Good
15/TT/I/29/HT 4 4 4 12 Excellent
16/TT/II/03/HT 4 4 4 12 Excellent
19/TT/III/03/HT 4 4 3 11 Excellent
22/TT/IV/02/HT 4 3 4 11 Excellent
23/TT/IV/13/HT 4 4 4 12 Excellent
41
The highest score found in the translation made by HT is the perfect score
of 12, which is considered as an excellent translation. The lowest score is 9, which
falls into the category of a very good translation. All the scores were added up
then divided by the amount of the data. It makes the average score of 11.17,
making the translation made by human has excellent translation acceptability.
1) Excellent Acceptability
A translation has Excellent Acceptability if it is scored 11 or 12. Almost
all of the alternative translation made by Human Translation is in this category.
As many as 9 data are scored 11, and 10 data are scored 12; which means that 19
data is in the Excellent Acceptability category. In the table below, some examples
of the data is presented.
The translation number 6/TT/X/28/HT is scored 11 out of 12. The
information delivered in the TT is clear and readers who do not speak the ST will
find no difficulty getting the information. It is also accurate because all the
information from the ST is there without any alteration. However, the phrase
“Happy celebrating #SumpahPemuda2017” makes is sound a little bit unnatural.
It was suggested that instead of saying so, the phrase “Happy
#SumpahPemuda2017” is used. Sumpah Pemuda was left as it was because it was
a hashtag as well as a proper noun.

42
Table 4.21: Examples of Excellent Acceptability by Human Translator
No. ST No. HT Suggestion

6/ST/ Anak muda kreatif 6/TT/ These are creative These are creative and
X/28 dan inovatif. Dengan X/28/ and innovative young innovative young
bergandengan HT people. Hand in people. Hand in hand,
tangan, kita hadapi hand, we can face we can face any
segala tantangan any challenges and challenges and move
yang ada dan move forward to forward to respond to
bergerak maju respond to the needs the needs of time.
menjawab kebutuhan of time. Happy Happy
zaman. Selamat celebrating #SumpahPemuda2017
memperingati hari #SumpahPemuda Video: State Secretary
#SumpahPemuda 2017 Press Beurau
2017 Video: State
Video: Biro Press Secretary Press
Setpres Beurau
17/TT Ini salah satu foto 17/TT/ This is one of my This is one of my
/II/12/ favorit saya. Ada II/12/ favorite photos. favorite photos. I feel
HT perasaan bangga HT There is a pride of proud of being
menjadi orang being Indonesian Indonesian everytime
Indonesia setiap everytime I stand I stand under Garuda
berdiri di bawah under Garuda Pancasila between the
Garuda Pancasila, Pancasila between red and white flags.
apalagi yang diapit the red and white What about you?
bendera Merah putih. flags. What about What photo makes
Kalau kamu, apa foto you? What photo you proud and love
yg bikin bangga dan makes you proud and being an Indonesian?
cinta jadi orang love being an
Indonesia? Indonesian?
The next datum discussed is the translation number 17/TT/II/12/HT which
got the perfect score of 12. It is clear, natural and accurate. The term Garuda
Pancasila was not translated because it is a proper noun. There was a suggestion
of using “I feel proud of” instead of “There is a pride.” However, it was still
scored 12 because most people whose first language is not English would not find
the use of the term unnatural.

43
2) Very Good Acceptability
The second category of acceptability is very good acceptability. The score
range for this acceptability is 9 to 10. In the translation made by Human
Translation, there are 4 data which fall into this category. The table below shows
two samples of the data.
Table 4.22: Examples of Very Good Acceptability by Human Translator
No. ST No. HT Suggestion

2/ST/I Mumpung malam 2/TT/I As it’s Saturday As it was Saturday
X/16 Minggu, kesempatan X/16/ night, I got a chance night, I had a chance
momong cucu. HT to play with my to play with my
Kebetulan Jan Ethes grandson. While Jan grandson. While Jan
belum tidur, tadi Ethes wasn’t asleep, Ethes was still awake,
main naik kereta we took a ride on a we took a ride on a
mini di Paragon Mall mini train at Solo mini train at Solo
Solo. Paragon Mall. Paragon Mall.
4/TT/ Kita harus selalu 4/TT/ We should always We should always
X/02 peduli pada X/02/ care about people care about people with
penyandang HT with disabilities. disabilities. Recently,
disabilitas. Baru-baru Recently, they won they won all
ini mereka juara all categories in categories in the 2017
umum ASEAN Para ASEAN Para Games ASEAN Para Games.
Games 2017. Luar 2017. Amazing! Amazing! Their hard
biasa! Kerja keras Their hard work has work has improved
berhasil made the good name the good name of our
mengharumkan nama of our nation and nation and country.
bangsa dan negara. country. Indonesia is Indonesia is very
very proud of the proud of the
achievement. achievement.
The first example is the datum number 2/ST/IX/16. It got the score of 9
out of 12. While the translation is clear, the choice of tense was wrong. Instead of
“it is”, it was more appropriate that “it was” was used. The use of “had a chance”
and “wasn’t asleep” made the translation sound unnatural. Instead of saying “one
gets a chance”, native English speakers are more used to saying “one has a
chance” or “one has got a chance”.

44
Meanwhile, the translation number 4/TT/X/02/HT got the score of 10 out
of 12. Not many suggestions were given, other than the input that the sentence
“Their hard work has made the good name of our nation and country” sounds
unnatural. The term mengharumkan nama bangsa is a common expression in
Bahasa Indonesia. Even so, it is not that easy to find the equivalence of said
expression. The researcher chose to use “made the good name”. To make it sound
more natural, it was suggested to use the word “improve” instead of “made”.
However, it is inevitable that this translation does not sound 100% natural,
because there is an expression where the English language has no equivalence of.
B. Discussions
The result of the error analysis of this research shows that the MT
provided by Instagram still makes plenty of mistakes. The most common error
occurred is included in the Mistranslated Concept. This could be caused by the
lack of IgT to analyze the contextual meaning of the ST. As Kridalaksana (as cited
from Nababan, 2003) stated, contextual meaning is the relationship between the
utterance and the situation when the utterance was being said. Looking at the
errors occurring in this category, a lot of mistakes were made because of how IgT
failed to recognize the context and just translated the sentences or words as they
were from the ST.
On the contrary, the alternative translation provided by Human Translator
performed a lot better. There are still some errors here and there, but not ones that
alter the meaning from the ST or make the TT readers do not get what the
intended meanings were. Kusumastuti (2017), on her thesis, states that any
45
omission, addition and deletion should not skew the intended meaning of the ST
(p. 32). Unlike the case with MT, the omissions, additions and deletions in the
human translation are done because it was necessary. The purpose is either to add
information that TT readers might not know or to make the translation sound as
natural as possible. This ability is one ability that MT has not yet to acquire. So
far, MT is considered not yet able to replace human translators.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter summarizes and concludes the entire research. There are two
parts in this chapter, namely conclusions and recommendations. The conclusions
conclude all the findings of this research. The next part consists of some
suggestions from the researcher for future researchers and English students and
learners who are interested in the same or similar topic.
A. Conclusions
Instagram Translate is proven to be a machine translation which is not yet
able to provide excellent translation for its international users. Many errors are
still found in the process and result of the translation. As many as 70 errors were
found in the 23 captions in this research alone.
According to Koponen, there are six error categories in machine
translation. However, the researcher only found five out of six errors in this
research, they are Omitted Concept, Added Concept, Untranslated Concept,
Mistranslated Concept, and Substituted Concept.
The highest number of errors was found in the Mistranslated Concept
category, as many as 31 errors, making up 44.30% of the whole errors. It was then
followed by the Omitted Concept category, with 22 errors found in it. The next
one was the Untranslated Concept category. As many as 9 errors occurred in this
category. In the Substituted Concept, there were 6 errors occurred. In the Added
Concept category, there were only 2 errors occurred. Meanwhile, no error of the
Explicitated Concept was found.
46
47
To rectify or reduce the errors, the researcher provided an alternative or
suggestion for the translation using Larson’s theory of translation acceptability.
The translation was then checked by a sworn translation at Sanata Dharma
University. It was later then scored by a native English speaker who also speaks
Bahasa Indonesia at Lembaga Bahasa using a scoring rubric made based on
Machali’s translation criteria. The translation made by Instagram was also scored
and then compared with the score for the alternative translation.
The checking and scoring processes were done to determine the quality of
the translations. The alternative translation made by Human Translator was an
attempt to reduce the errors made by Instagram Translate, and the validation
processes were to make the data legitimate.
The perfect score for the translation acceptability is 12. The 23 data were
scored based on three criteria, namely clarity, naturalness and accuracy. The total
score that Instagram Translate got was 115. The criterion that got the highest
score was clarity, with 43 points. The lowest was naturalness, with 33 points. All
the points were summed then divided by 23, making the average score of 5. With
that score, it can be concluded that the translation made by Instagram Translate
falls into the Sufficient Acceptability translation category.
Meanwhile, compared to Instagram Translate, the alternative translation
provided by Human Translator got a much higher score. The accuracy scored 89
points, followed by clarity with 86 points. The naturalness was the lowest one
with 82 points. All the points were added up and then divided by the number of
the data, which was 23. The average score for Human Translator was 11.17 out of
48
the perfect score of 12. It means that the translation made by Human Translator
falls into the Excellent Acceptability translation category.
B. Recommendations
There are some suggestions from the researcher after conducting this
research. Future researchers can conduct a research on a similar topic but with
different captions from different people. It is quite interesting to see how a
machine translation would translate colloquial expressions that are often used by
young influencers on Instagram. Future researchers can also conduct a research on
similar topic on a different social media platform which provide a translation
feature such as Twitter, Facebook and LINE.
The researcher also has some suggestions for students who wish to do a
research on translation. Students and learners need not only to understand the
theories of translations, but also to know that translations can come in many
variations. Consultation and discussion with experts is important to make sure that
the best translation is used.

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APPENDIX A: All data translated by Instagram Translate
No. ST No. IgT

1/ST/IX/01 Selamat Hari Raya Iduladha 1438 H dari 1/TT/IX/01/IG Happy day 1438 H for sukabumi. Photo: Press
Sukabumi. Foto: Biro Pers Setpres Bureau setpres.
2/ST/IX/16 Mumpung malam Minggu, kesempatan 2/TT/IX/16/IG During Saturday night, chance chance. Jan Ethes
momong cucu. Kebetulan Jan Ethes belum hasn’t slept in a minivan at Paragon Mall solo.
tidur, tadi main naik kereta mini di Paragon
Mall Solo.
3/ST/IX/26 Kompak dan penuh semangat pertemuan 3/TT/IX/26/IG Compact and full of high-school leaders in Bali.
pimpinan perguruan tinggi se-Indonesia di Bali Campus is a source of knowledge and enlightenment.
tadi. Kampus adalah sumber pengetahuan dan It is very dangerous that colleges are used as an anti-
pencerahan. Sangat bahaya kalau perguruan Pancasila ideology, anti-Nkri, and anti-bhinneka
tinggi dimanfaatkan sebagai medan infiltrasi diversity. We have to stop infiltrating ideology,
ideology anti-Pancasila, anti NKRI, dan anti radicalism, and terrorism in high school throughout
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Kita harus Indonesia. Photo: Press Bureau setpres
menghentikan infiltrasi ideologi, radikalsime
dan terorisme di perguruan tinggi seluruh
Indonesia. Foto: Biro Pers Setpres
4/ST/X/02 Kita harus selalu pedli pada penyandang 4/TT/X/02/IG We should always care about people with
disabilitas. Baru-baru ini mereka juara umum disabilities. Recently these ASEAN CHAMPIONS
ASEAN Para Games 2017. Luar biasa! Kerja GAMES 2017. are amazing! Work successfully
keras berhasil mengharumkan nama bangsa dan enlight the name of the nation and country. People
negara. Seluruh rakyat sangat bangga terhadap are very proud of the achievements he has achieved.
prestasi yang telah diraih.
5/ST/X/18 Kemarin malam bersama musisi jalanan 5/TT/X/18/IG Last night with bandung street musicians. Video:
Bandung. Press Bureau setpres
Video: Biro Pres Setpres
52
6/ST/X/28 Anak muda kreatif dan inovatif. Dengan 6/TT/X/28/IG Young and innovative young people. By hand in
bergandengan tangan kita hadapi segala hand we face all existing challenges and move
tantangan yang ada dan bergerak maju forward answering the needs of times. Happy Day
menjawab kebutuhan zaman. Selamat #SumpahPemuda2017. Video: Press Burau setpres
memperingati hari #SumpahPemuda2017.
Video: Biro Pers Setpres
7/ST/XI/05 Warga antusias banget nonton HUT TNI ke-72 7/TT/XI/05/IG Residents are very excited to watch the 72nd army in
di Cilegon. Rame sekali, jalanan sampai cilegon. So many times, the road gets choked up. It’s
tersendat. Lumayan olah raga jalan kaki not fair to walk to the ceremony. Congratulations on
menuju lokasi upacara. Selamat HUT TNI ke- the Indonesian army t maintain Indonesia, pancasila,
72. TNI terus menjaga NKRI, Pancasila, dan and state authority. Tni is a great powerful power
kewibawaan negara kita. TNI adalah kekuatan inside and outside the country
besar yg disegani di dalam dan di luar negeri.
8/ST/XI/10 Ini nasihat dari Nurtanio semasa hidupnya 8/TT/XI/10/IG This is the advice of his life “ already, we don’t have
“Sudah, kita tidak usah ribut-ribut. Yang to fuss. What is important!”. the model n-219 model
penting kerja!”. Pesawat model N-219 adalah is the work of the nation that we name: Nurtanio. Air
karya anak bangsa yang kita beri nama: Admiral (posthumously) Nurtanio Pringgoadisuryo
Nurtanio. Laksamana Muda Udara (Anumerta) was the pilot of the pioneering flight in the homeland
Nurtanio Pringgoadisuryo adalah patriot bangsa since 1946. Photos: Press Bureau setpres
perintis pembuatan pesawat terbang di Tanah
Air sejak 1946.
9/ST/XI/26 Teirma kasih warga Medan yang dengan sabar 9/TT/XI/26/IG Thank you citizens for being patient with witness all
ikut menjadi saksi mata semua proses resepsi the reception of kahiyang and Bobby’s wedding. I’m
pernikahan Kahiyang dan Bobby. Mohon maaf sorry the streets are so crowded and a lot of
jalanan jadi ramai dan banyak pengalihan arus. distractions. Please pray for my son’s household.
Mohon doa restunya untuk rumah tangga anak
saya.
53
10/ST/XII/04 Kemarin malam, mampir ke Paris Van Java, 10/TT/XII/04/I Last night, came to Paris Van Java, greet the people
menyapa warga Bandung sekaligus menikmati G of bandung while enjoying the culinary crackers
kuliner kerupuk banjur dan tahu petis. Enak banjur and know petis. Photo: Press Bureau setpres
banget.
11/ST/XII/16 Mengantar Bapak B.J. Habibie sampai ke 11/TT/XII/16/I Escort Mr. B. J. Habibie to his residence in the
kediamannya di Komplek Patra Kuningan. G kuningan patra complex. May Mr. Habibie always be
Semoga Pak Habibie selalu dianugerahi awarded health. Video: Press Bureau setpres
kesehatan.
12/ST/XII/31 Kemarin saya ke Malioboro, Jogja. Bertemu 12/TT/XII/31/I Yesterday I went to malioboro, Jogja. Meet the
masyarakat sekaligus beli oleh-oleh khas Jogja. G community and buy a special gift from Jogja.
Malioboro memang tempat yang sangat seru Malioboro is a very exciting place to visit a video:
untuk dikunjungi. The Press Bureau setpres
13/ST/I/02 Sekarang sudah ada kereta bandara dengan rute 13/TT/I/02/IG Now there is an airport train with a travel route from
perjalanan mulai dari Stasiun Manggarai – the manggarai – sudirman railway station – the
Sudirman Baru – Duri – Baru Ceper – Bandara soekarno-Hatta airport. Travel route for less than 54
Soekarno-Hatta. Rute perjalanan ditempuh minutes. Come on, ride the train to reduce traffic and
selama kurang lebih 54 menit. Ayo, naik kereta save time. Photo: Press Bureau setpres
untuk mengurangi kemacetan dan hemat waktu.
14/ST/I/19 Indonesia itu ibarat manusia yang memiliki 14/TT/I/19/IG Indonesia is like a man who has robust physical
kesehatan fisik yang prima, di mana kolesterol, health, where cholesterol, pulmonary acid, heart,
asam urat, jantung, ginjal dan semua organ kidneys and all other body organs in healthy
tubuh lainnya dalam kondisi sehat. Hanya condition. Just sometimes get caught in the wind,
sesekali terkena masuk angin, itu biasa. Kita that’s normal. We’re optimistic of the economy. We
optimis ekonomi kita bisa melacu kencang. can go fast. Now the monetary and fiscal state of
54
Sekarang kondisi moneter dan fiscal Indonesia Indonesia is all good. Of Deficit at 2,42 percent. Ihsg
saat ini semua baik. Defisit APBN dapat grows positive, surplus balance of trade is improving
ditekan pd angka 2,42 persen. IHSG tumbuh and reserves are increasing in position position
positif, surplus neraca perdagangan semakin position. Photo: Press Bureau setpres
membaik & cadangan devisa meningkat dalam
posisi USD 130 miliar.
15/ST/I/29 Tiba di Kabul, Afghanistan, disambut salju dan 15/TT/I/29/IG Arriving in Kabul, Afghanistan, snow and cold wind.
angin yg dingin. Saya diberitahu, setelah 57 I was told, after 57 years ago, its just this time the
tahun lalu, baru kali ini lagi Presiden Indonesia president of Indonesia came to Afghanistan. In 1961
berkunjung ke Afghanistan. Pada tahun 1961 President Sukarno did a historic historical visit.
Presiden Sukarno pernah melakukan kunjungan Photo: Press Bureau setpres
kenegaraan yang bersejarah.
16/ST/II/03 Kesiapan Indonesia menyongsong Asian 16/TT/II/03/IG Indonesia’s preparedness of the Asian games 2018
Games 2018 kelihatan semakin matang karena looks more mature because every venue to be used
setiap venue yang ingin digunakan satu per satu one by one has been settled. Today the new tennis
sudah diselesaikan. Hari ini lapangan tenis field is finished renovation and ready to use. This is
yang baru sudah selesai direnovasi dan siap the seventh venue of the 14 renovated venues.
digunakan. Ini venue ketujuh dari 14 venue
yang direnovasi.
17/ST/II/12 Ini salah satu foto favorit saya. Ada perasaan 17/TT/II/12/IG It’s one of my favorite photos. There is a very proud
bangga menjadi orang Indonesia setiap berdiri feeling of being Indonesian standing under garuda
di bawah Garuda Pancasila, apalagi yang diapit pancasila, especially lanked by Red Red Flags. If
bendera Merah putih. Kalau kamu, apa foto yg you, what photos are proud and love to be
bikin bangga dan cinta jadi orang Indonesia? indonesians?
18/ST/II/22 Sungai bukan bak sampah. Gotong royong, 18/TT/II/22/IG River is not a garbage bin. Teamwork, unite us to
bersatu padu kita bersihkan Sungai Citarum. clean river river. We’re trying as soon as we can to
55
Kita berusaha secepat mungkin bisa bersih dan get clean and hopefully in the next 7 years it can be a
semuga dalam 7 tahun ke depan sudah bisa jadi water source of
sumber air minum.
19/ST/III/03 Dalam membangun Indonesia, kita butuh 19/TT/III/03/IG In Building Indonesia, we need a fine girl. Someone
perempuan2 tangguh. Ada yg langsung terjun goes straight into the field, someone keeps the family
ke lapangan, ada yg menjaga tatanan keluarga. order. The tough woman in my life is my mother’s
Perempuan tangguh dalam hidupku adalah Ibu mother. Congratulations to the women who today
Iriana. Selamat kepada para perempuan yang follow women’s March, in order of the world’s day
hari ini mengikuti Women’s March, dalam the world will fall on the March 8th.
rangka Hari Perempuan Dunia yg akan jatuh
pada tgl 8 Maret.
20/ST/III/11 Festival dan Pameran Burung Berkicau 2018 di 20/TT/III/11/IG Festivals and birds chirp 2018 in bogor. We have the
Bogor. Kita ini punya jumlah burung endemik number of the highest endemic birds in the world.
tertinggi di dunia lho. Ada lebih dari 372 jenis There are more than 372 types of birds that can’t be
burung yang tidak dapat ditemukan di negara found in other countries in the world.
lain di dunia.
21/ST/III/30 Momong cucu di Mall Solo Paragon 21/TT/III/30/IG Momong grandson at the Solo Paragon Mall.
22/ST/IV/02 Ayo kita dukung “The Minions”, pasangan 22/TT/IV/02/IG Let us support “the minions”, the couple Kevin and
Kevin dan Marcus agar bisa juara di Asian Marcus will be the champion at the 2018 Asian
Games 2018 yang akan digelar di Jakarta dan games which will be held in Jakarta and Palembang.
Palembang. Jaga konsistensi untuk Keep the consistency to maintain the peak of
mempertahankan puncak prestasi. accomplishment.
23/ST/IV/13 Bersama anak-anak Papua. Belajar yang giat, 23/TT/IV/13/IG With the children of Papua. Study hard, my children
anak-anakku untuk membangun negeri ini. to build this Country. You are heir. In the hands you
Kalian pewaris Nusantara. Di tangan kalianlah are children of the future of the country.
anak anak Indonesia masa depan negeri ini.
56
APPENDIX B: All data translated by Human Translator
No. ST No. HT
1/ST/IX/01 Selamat Hari Raya Iduladha 1438 H dari 1/TT/IX/01/HT Happy Eid Mubarak 1438 H from Sukabumi.
Sukabumi. Foto: Biro Pers Setpres Photo: State Secretary Press Beurau.
2/ST/IX/16 Mumpung malam Minggu, kesempatan 2/TT/IX/16/HT As it’s Saturday night, I got a chance to play with
momong cucu. Kebetulan Jan Ethes belum my grandson. While Jan Ethes wasn’t asleep, we
tidur, tadi main naik kereta mini di Paragon took a ride on a mini train at Solo Paragon Mall.
Mall Solo.
3/ST/IX/26 Kompak dan penuh semangat pertemuan 3/TT/IX/26/HT The meeting of the rectors of Indonesian
pimpinan perguruan tinggi se-Indonesia di Bali universities in Bali earlier was full of solidarity and
tadi. Kampus adalah sumber pengetahuan dan spirit. Universities are a source of knowledge and
pencerahan. Sangat bahaya kalau perguruan enlightenment. It could be dangerous if universities
tinggi dimanfaatkan sebagai medan infiltrasi were used as a place to infiltrate anti-Pancasila
ideology anti-Pancasila, anti NKRI, dan anti ideology, anti-NKRI, and anti-Bhinneka Tunggal
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Kita harus Ika. We must stop ideology, radicalism and
menghentikan infiltrasi ideologi, radikalsime terrorism from infiltrating universities in Indonesia.
dan terorisme di perguruan tinggi seluruh Photo: State Secretary Press Beurau.
4/ST/X/02 Kita harus selalu peduli pada penyandang 4/TT/X/02/HT We should always care about people with
disabilitas. Baru-baru ini mereka juara umum disabilities. Recently, they won all categories in
ASEAN Para Games 2017. Luar biasa! Kerja ASEAN Para Games 2017. Amazing! Their hard
keras berhasil mengharumkan nama bangsa dan work has made the good name of our nation and
negara. Seluruh rakyat sangat bangga terhadap country. Indonesia is very proud of the
prestasi yang telah diraih. achievement.
5/ST/X/18 Kemarin malam bersama musisi jalanan 5/TT/X/18/HT Hanging out with Bandung street musicians last
Bandung. night. Video: State Secretary Press Beurau
57
6/ST/X/28 Anak muda kreatif dan inovatif. Dengan 6/TT/X/28/HT These are creative and innovative young people.
bergandengan tangan kita hadapi segala Hand in hand, we can face any challenges and move
tantangan yang ada dan bergerak maju forward to respond to the needs of time. Happy
menjawab kebutuhan zaman. Selamat celebrating #SumpahPemuda2017
memperingati hari #SumpahPemuda2017. Video: State Secretary Press Beurau
7/ST/XI/05 Warga antusias banget nonton HUT TNI ke-72 7/TT/XI/05/HT Residents are very excited to watch the 72nd
di Cilegon. Rame sekali, jalanan sampai anniversary of the National Army in Cilegon. It was
tersendat. Lumayan olah raga jalan kaki so crowded it caused a traffic jam. I had a little
menuju lokasi upacara. Selamat HUT TNI ke- exercise walking to the location to attend the
72. TNI terus menjaga NKRI, Pancasila, dan ceremony. Happy 72nd anniversary to the National
kewibawaan negara kita. TNI adalah kekuatan Army. I hope that TNI can keep protecting NKRI,
besar yg disegani di dalam dan di luar negeri. Pancasila and the reputation of our nation. TNI is a
big force that is respected inside and outside the
country.
8/ST/XI/10 Ini nasihat dari Nurtanio semasa hidupnya 8/TT/XI/10/IG This is Nurtanio’s advice, “Don’t talk too much.
“Sudah, kita tidak usah ribut-ribut. Yang Just work!” The N-219 plane model is made by a
penting kerja!”. Pesawat model N-219 adalah group of creative young generation, and the model
karya anak bangsa yang kita beri nama: is called “Nurtanio”. Admiral Nurtanio
Nurtanio. Laksamana Muda Udara (Anumerta) Pringgoadisuryo (posthumous) was our nation’s
Nurtanio Pringgoadisuryo adalah patriot bangsa hero who had pioneered in airplanes manufacture in
perintis pembuatan pesawat terbang di Tanah Indonesia since 1946.
Air sejak 1946.
9/ST/XI/26 Teirma kasih warga Medan yang dengan sabar 9/TT/XI/26/IG Thank you, the citizens of Medan, who had
ikut menjadi saksi mata semua proses resepsi patiently witnessed Bobby’s and Kahiyang’s
pernikahan Kahiyang dan Bobby. Mohon maaf wedding. I apologize for the traffic jam we had
jalanan jadi ramai dan banyak pengalihan arus. caused. Please pray for my daughter’s marriage.
58
Mohon doa restunya untuk rumah tangga anak

saya.
Video: Istimewa
10/ST/XII/04 Kemarin malam, mampir ke Paris Van Java, 10/TT/XII/04/IG Last night, I stopped by Paris van Java to greet the
menyapa warga Bandung sekaligus menikmati people of Bandung and enjoy kerupuk banjur and
kuliner kerupuk banjur dan tahu petis. Enak tahu petis. Very delicious.
banget. Photo: State Secretary Press Beurau.
11/ST/XII/16 Mengantar Bapak B.J. Habibie sampai ke 11/TT/XII/16/IG Escorting Mr. B. J. Habibie to his residence in the
kediamannya di Komplek Patra Kuningan. Kuningan Patra complex. May Mr. Habibie always
Semoga Pak Habibie selalu dianugerahi be blessed with good health.
kesehatan. Video: State Secretary Press Beurau.
12/ST/XII/31 Kemarin saya ke Malioboro, Jogja. Bertemu 12/TT/XII/31/IG Yesterday I went to Malioboro, Jogja, to see the
masyarakat sekaligus beli oleh-oleh khas Jogja. people there and to buy special gifts from Jogja.
Malioboro memang tempat yang sangat seru Malioboro is a very exciting place to visit.
untuk dikunjungi. Video: State Secretary Press Beurau.
13/ST/I/02 Sekarang sudah ada kereta bandara dengan rute 13/TT/I/02/IG Now there is an airport train available with the
perjalanan mulai dari Stasiun Manggarai – route starting from Manggarai Station - Sudirman
Sudirman Baru – Duri – Baru Ceper – Bandara Baru - Duri - Baru Ceper - Soekarno-Hatta
Soekarno-Hatta. Rute perjalanan ditempuh Airport. The whole route is taken in about 54
selama kurang lebih 54 menit. Ayo, naik kereta minutes. Let’s ride trains to reduce traffic jam and
untuk mengurangi kemacetan dan hemat waktu. to save time.
Foto: Biro Pers Setpres Photo: State Secretary Press Beurau.
14/ST/I/19 Indonesia itu ibarat manusia yang memiliki 14/TT/I/19/IG Figuratively, Indonesia is like a healthy man whose
kesehatan fisik yang prima, di mana kolesterol, cholesterol level, heart, kidneys and other organs
asam urat, jantung, ginjal dan semua organ are in excellent condition. Getting a cold every now
59
tubuh lainnya dalam kondisi sehat. Hanya and then is normal. We are optimistic that our
sesekali terkena masuk angin, itu biasa. Kita economic condition can improve quickly. The
optimis ekonomi kita bisa melacu kencang. monetary and fiscal state of Indonesia right now is
Sekarang kondisi moneter dan fiscal Indonesia good. The deficit of The State Budget can be
saat ini semua baik. Defisit APBN dapat controlled at 2.42 percent. Indonesia Composite
ditekan pd angka 2,42 persen. IHSG tumbuh Index grows positively, the surplus of trade balance
positif, surplus neraca perdagangan semakin is getting better and the foreign exchange reserve
membaik & cadangan devisa meningkat dalam goes up to USD 130 billion.
posisi USD 130 miliar. Photo: State Secretary Press Beurau.
15/ST/I/29 Tiba di Kabul, Afghanistan, disambut salju dan 15/TT/I/29/IG Arriving in Kabul, Afghanistan, I was greeted by
angin yg dingin. Saya diberitahu, setelah 57 the snow and cold wind. I was told that after 57
tahun lalu, baru kali ini lagi Presiden Indonesia years, this is the first time Indonesian president
berkunjung ke Afghanistan. Pada tahun 1961 comes and visited Afghanistan. In 1961, President
Presiden Sukarno pernah melakukan kunjungan Soekarno paid a historical visit.
kenegaraan yang bersejarah. Photo: State Secretary Press Beurau.
16/ST/II/03 Kesiapan Indonesia menyongsong Asian 16/TT/II/03/IG Indonesia is now more prepared to welcome Asian
Games 2018 kelihatan semakin matang karena Games 2018 because the venues have been
setiap venue yang ingin digunakan satu per satu completed one by one. Today, the new tennis field
sudah diselesaikan. Hari ini lapangan tenis is finished being renovated and is ready to be used.
yang baru sudah selesai direnovasi dan siap This is the seventh of 14 renovated venues.
digunakan. Ini venue ketujuh dari 14 venue
yang direnovasi.
17/ST/II/12 Ini salah satu foto favorit saya. Ada perasaan 17/TT/II/12/IG This is one of my favorite photos. There is a pride
bangga menjadi orang Indonesia setiap berdiri of being Indonesian everytime I stand under Garuda
di bawah Garuda Pancasila, apalagi yang diapit Pancasila between the red and white flags. What
bendera Merah putih. Kalau kamu, apa foto yg about you? What photo makes you proud and love
60
bikin bangga dan cinta jadi orang Indonesia? being an Indonesian?

18/ST/II/22 Sungai bukan bak sampah. Gotong royong, 18/TT/II/22/IG Our rivers are not garbage bins. Let’s work together
bersatu padu kita bersihkan Sungai Citarum. Kita and clean Citarum River. If we try to work as quickly
berusaha secepat mungkin bisa bersih dan as we can, the river can be cleaned and in seven years,
semuga dalam 7 tahun ke depan sudah bisa jadi it can be the source of drinking water.
sumber air minum.
19/ST/III/03 Dalam membangun Indonesia, kita butuh 19/TT/III/03/IG In building Indonesia, we need tough women. Some
perempuan2 tangguh. Ada yg langsung terjun ke women works directly to the field, while others keep
lapangan, ada yg menjaga tatanan keluarga. the family order. A tough woman in my life is the
Perempuan tangguh dalam hidupku adalah Ibu First Lady Iriana. Congratulations to all women who
Iriana. Selamat kepada para perempuan yang hari joined the Women’s March to celebrate World’s
ini mengikuti Women’s March, dalam rangka Women Day which fell on March 8th.
Hari Perempuan Dunia yg akan jatuh pada tgl 8
Maret.
20/ST/III/11 Festival dan Pameran Burung Berkicau 2018 di 20/TT/III/11/IG I was at the Chirping Bird Festival and Exhibition
Bogor. Kita ini punya jumlah burung endemik 2018 in Bogor. We have the highest number of
tertinggi di dunia lho. Ada lebih dari 372 jenis endemic birds in the world. There are more than 372
burung yang tidak dapat ditemukan di negara lain bird species that cannot be found in any other places
di dunia. in the world.
21/ST/III/30 Momong cucu di Mall Solo Paragon 21/TT/III/30/IG Babysitting my grandson at the Solo Paragon Mall.
22/ST/IV/02 Ayo kita dukung “The Minions”, pasangan Kevin 22/TT/IV/02/IG Let’s support “The Minions”, the duo Kevin and
dan Marcus agar bisa juara di Asian Games 2018 Marcus in Asian Games 2018 which will be held in
yang akan digelar di Jakarta dan Palembang. Jaga Jakarta and Palembang. Keep up the good work to
konsistensi untuk mempertahankan puncak stay being number one.
prestasi.
23/ST/IV/13 Bersama anak-anak Papua. Belajar yang giat, 23/TT/IV/13/IG With the children of Papua. Study hard, my children,
anak-anakku untuk membangun negeri ini. to build this nation. You are the heir of Nusantara.
Kalian pewaris Nusantara. Di tangan kalianlah The future of this country is in the hands of the
anak anak Indonesia masa depan negeri ini. children of Indonesia.
61
APPENDIX C: Description of Errors
1. Omitted Concept
No. Source Text No. Target Text Type of Error

1. 1/ST/IX/ Selamat Hari Raya Iduladha 1438 H… 1/TT/IX Happy day 1438 … Omitted Concept –
01 /01/IG adjective
2. 3/ST/IX/ Kompak dan penuh semangat… 3/TT/IX Compact and full of … Omitted Concept –
26 /26/IG adjective
3. 3/ST/IX/ … pertemuan pimpinan perguruan tinggi… 3/TT/IX … high-school college leaders… Omitted Concept –
26 /26/IG noun
4. 3/ST/IX/ … pertemuan pimpinan perguruan tinggi se-Indonesia 3/TT/IX … high-school college leaders in Omitted Concept –
26 di Bali. /26/IG Bali. adjective
5. 4/ST/X/0 Baru-baru ini mereka juara umum ASEAN Para 4/TT/X/ Recently these ASEAN Omitted Concept –
2 Games 2017. 02/IG CHAMPIONS GAMES 2017. noun
6. 4/ST/X/0 Baru-baru ini mereka juara umum ASEAN Para 4/TT/X/ Recently these ASEAN Omitted Concept –
2 Games 2017. 02/IG CHAMPIONS GAMES 2017. noun
7. 6/ST/X/2 Selamat memperingati hari #SumpahPemuda2017. 6/TT/X/ Happy Day #SumpahPemuda2017. Omitted Concept –
8 28/IG verb
8. 7/ST/XI/ Warga antusias banget nonton HUT TNI ke-72 di 7/TT/XI Residents are very excited to watch Omitted Concept –
05 Cilegon. /05/IG the 72nd army in cilegon. noun
9. 7/ST/XI/ Lumayan olah raga jalan kaki menuju lokasi upacara. 7/TT/XI It’s not fair to walk to the ceremony. Omitted Concept –
05 /05/IG verb
10. 7/ST/XI/ Selamat HUT TNI ke-72. 7/TT/XI Congratulations on the Indonesian Omitted Concept –
05 /05/IG army noun
11. 7/ST/XI/ TNI adalah kekuatan besar yg disegani di dalam dan di 7/TT/XI Tni is a great powerful power inside Omitted Concept –
05 luar negeri. /05/IG and outside the country adjective
62
12. 8/ST/XI/ Ini nasihat dari Nurtanio semasa hidupnya 8/TT/XI This is the advice of his life. Omitted Concept –
10 /10/IG noun
13. 8/ST/XI/ Yang penting kerja! 8/TT/XI What is important! Omitted Concept –
10 /10/IG verb
14. 9/ST/XI/ Teirma kasih warga Medan… 9/TT/XI Thank you citizens… Omitted Concept –
26 /26/IG adjective
15. 10/ST/XI … kerupuk banjur dan tahu petis. Enak banget. 10/TT/ … crackers banjur and know petis. Omitted Concept –
I/04 XII/04/I adjective
G
16. 13/ST/I/ … dengan rute perjalanan mulai dari Stasiun 13/TT/I … with a travel route from the Omitted Concept –
02 Manggarai – Sudirman Baru – Duri – Baru Ceper – /02/IG manggarai – sudirman railway noun
Bandara Soekarno-Hatta. station – the soekarno-Hatta airport.
17. 14/ST/I/ Defisit APBN dapat ditekan pd angka 2,42 persen. 14/TT/I Of Deficit at 2,42 percent. Omitted Concept –
19 /19/IG noun
18. 14/ST/I/ Defisit APBN dapat ditekan pd angka 2,42 persen. 14/TT/I Of Deficit at 2,42 percent. Omitted Concept –
19 /19/IG verb
19. 16/ST/II/ Kesiapan Indonesia menyongsong Asian Games 2018 16/TT/I Indonesia’s preparedness of the Omitted Concept –
03 … I/03/IG Asian games 2018 … verb
20. 18/ST/II/ … semuga 7 tahun ke depan sudah bisa jadi sumber air 18/TT/I … hopefully in the next 7 years it Omitted Concept –
22 minum. I/22/IG can be a water source of noun
21. 20/ST/III Festival dan Pameran Burung Berkicau 2018 di Bogor. 20/TT/I Festivals and birds chirp 2018 in Omitted Concept –
/11 II/11/IG bogor. noun
22. 23/ST/IV Kalian pewaris Nusantara. 23/TT/I You are heir Omitted Concept –
/13 V/13/IG noun
63
2. Added Concept

1. 4/ST/X/0 Luar biasa! 4/TT/X/02 are amazing! Added Concept –
2 /IG verb
2. 19/ST/III … dalam rangka Hari Perempuan Dunia yg akan 19/TT/III/ …in order of the world’s day the Added Concept –
/03 jatuh pada tgl 8 Maret. 03/IG world will fall on the March 8th. noun
3. Untranslated Concept

1. 1/ST/IX/01 Foto: Biro Pers Setpres 1/TT/IX/01 Photo: Press Bureau setpres. Untranslanted
/IG Concept – noun
2. 3/ST/IX/26 Foto: Biro Pers Setpres 3/TT/IX/26 Photo: Press Bureau setpres Untranslated
3. 10/ST/XII/ Foto: Biro Pers Setpres 10/TT/XII/ Photo: Press Bureau setpres Untranslated
04 04/IG Concept – noun
4. 11/ST/XII/ Video: Biro Pers Setpres 11/TT/XII/ Video: Press Bureau setpres Untranslated
5. 12/ST/XII/ Video: Biro Pers Setpres 12/TT/XII/ video: The Press Bureau setpres Untranslated
6. 13/ST/I/02 Foto: Biro Pers Setpres 13/TT/I/02 Photo: Press Bureau setpres Untranslated
64
9. 21/ST/III/3 Momong cucu di Mall Solo Paragon 21/TT/III/3 Momong grandson at the Solo Untranslated
0 0/IG Paragon Mall. Concept – verb
4. Mistranslated Concept

1. 1/ST/IX/ …dari Sukabumi. 1/TT/IX …for sukabumi. Mistranslated
01 /01/IG Concept –
preposition
2. 2/ST/IX/ … naik kereta mini di Paragon Mall Solo. 2/TT/IX … in a minivan at Paragon Mall Mistranslated
16 /16/IG solo. Concept - noun
3. 3/ST/IX/ Kompak dan penuh semangat… 3/TT/IX Compact and full of … Mistranslated
26 /26/IG Concept - adjective
4. 3/ST/IX/ … pimpinan perguruan tinggi… 3/TT/IX high-school leaders… Mistranslated
26 /26/IG Concept - noun
5. 4/ST/X/0 … mengharumkan nama bangsa dan negara. 4/TT/X/ … enlight the name of the nation and Mistranslated
2 02/IG country. Concept - verb
6. 6/ST/X/2 Anak muda kreatif dan inovatif. 6/TT/X/ Young and innovative young people. Mistranslated
8 28/IG Concept - adjective
7. 7/ST/XI/ Rame sekali, … 7/TT/XI So many times, … Mistranslated
8. 7/ST/XI/ Lumayan olah raga jalan kaki menuju lokasi upacara. 7/TT/XI It’s not fair to walk to the ceremony. Mistranslated
9. 7/ST/XI/ Lumayan olah raga jalan kaki menuju lokasi upacara.. 7/TT/XI It’s not fair to walk to the ceremony. Mistranslated
05 /05/IG Concept - verb
10. 7/ST/XI/ … dan kewibawaan negara kita. 7/TT/XI … and state authority. Mistranslated
65
11. 7/ST/XI/ TNI adalah kekuatan besar… 7/TT/XI Tni is a great powerful power … Mistranslated
12. 8/ST/XI/ Laksamana Muda Udara (Anumerta) Nurtanio 8/TT/XI Air Admiral (posthumously) Mistranslated
10 Pringgoadisuryo… /10/IG Nurtanio Pringgoadisuryo … Concept - adjective
13. 8/ST/XI/ … adalah patriot bangsa… 8/TT/XI …was the pilot of the … Mistranslated
14. 8/ST/XI/ perintis pembuatan pesawat terbang … 8/TT/XI …the pioneering flight… Mistranslated
10 /10/IG Concept – noun
15. 9/ST/XI/ … yang dengan sabar ikut menjadi saksi mata… 9/TT/XI …for being patient with witness… Mistranslated
26 /26/IG Concept - verb
16. 9/ST/XI/ Mohon maaf jalanan jadi ramai dan banyak 9/TT/XI I’m sorry the streets are so crowded Mistranslated
26 pengalihan arus. /26/IG and a lot of distractions. Concept - noun
17. 10/ST/XI … kerupuk banjur dan tahu petis. 10/TT/ … crackers banjur and know petis. Mistranslated
I/04 XII/04/I Concept - noun
G
18 11/ST/XI Semoga Pak Habibie selalu dianugerahi kesehatan. 11/TT/ May Mr. Habibie always be awarded Mistranslated
I/16 XII/16/I health. Concept – adjective
G
19. 13/ST/I/ …selama kurang lebih 54 menit. 13/TT/I/ … for less than 54 minutes. Mistranslated
02 02/IG Concept - adjective
20. 14/ST/I/ Hanya sesekali terkena masuk angin, itu biasa. 14/TT/I/ Just sometimes get caught in the Mistranslated
19 19/IG wind, that’s normal. Concept - noun
21. 14/ST/I/ …di mana kolesterol, asam urat… 14/TT/I/ … where cholesterol, pulmonary Mistranslated
19 19/IG acid… Concept - noun
22. 15/ST/I/ …melakukan kunjungan kenegaraan yang bersejarah. 15/TT/I/ … did a historic historical visit. Mistranslated
66
23. 16/ST/II/ Kesiapan Indonesia menyongsong Asian Games 2018 16/TT/II Indonesia’s preparedness of the Mistranslated
03 kelihatan semakin matang… /03/IG Asian games 2018 looks more Concept - adjective
mature…
24. 17/ST/II/ ... bendera Merah putih. 17/TT/II … by Red Red Flags. Mistranslated
25. 18/ST/II/ …kita bersihkan Sungai Citarum. 18/TT/II … clean river river. Mistranslated
26. 19/ST/III Dalam membangun Indonesia, kita butuh perempuan2 19/TT/II In Building Indonesia, we need a fine Mistranslated
/03 tangguh. I/03/IG girl. Concept - noun
27. 19/ST/III Ada yg langsung terjun ke lapangan, ada yg menjaga 19/TT/II Someone goes straight into the field, Mistranslated
/03 tatanan keluarga. I/03/IG someone keeps the family order. Concept - noun
28. 19/ST/III Perempuan tangguh dalam hidupku adalah Ibu Iriana. 19/TT/II The tough woman in my life is my Mistranslated
/03 I/03/IG mother’s mother. Concept - noun
29. 19/ST/III …dalam rangka Hari Perempuan Dunia… 19/TT/II in order of the world’s day … Mistranslated
/03 I/03/IG Concept - noun
30. 20/ST/III Festival dan Pameran Burung Berkicau 2018 di 20/TT/II Festivals and birds chirp 2018 in Mistranslated
/11 Bogor. I/11/IG bogor. Concept - adjective
31. 22/ST/IV ...pasangan Kecin dan Marcus agar bisa juara… 22/TT/I …the couple Kevin and Marcus will Mistranslated
/02 V/02/IG be the champion Concept -
preposition
5. Substituted Concept

1. 2/ST/IX/ Mumpung malam Minggu,… 2/TT/I During Saturday night, … Substituted
16 X/16/I Concept – adverb
G
67
2. 4/ST/X/0 … terhadap prestasi yang telah diraih. 4/TT/X …of the achievements he has Substituted
2 /02/IG achieved. Concept – noun
3. 9/ST/XI/ Mohon doa restunya untuk rumah tangga anak saya. 9/TT/X Please pray for my son’s household. Substituted
26 I/26/IG Concept – noun
4. 13/ST/I/ Ayo, naik kereta untuk mengurangi kemacetan dan 13/TT/I Come on, ride the train to reduce Substituted
02 hemat waktu. /02/IG traffic and save time. Concept – verb
5. 15/ST/I/ Saya diberitahu, setelah 57 tahun lalu, baru kali ini… 15/TT/I I was told, after 57 years ago, its just Substituted
29 /29/IG this time… Concept – adverb
6. 18/ST/II/ Gotong royong, bersatu padu kita bersihkan Sungai 18/TT/I Teamwork, unite us to clean river Substituted
22 Citarum. I/22/IG river. Concept – verb
APPENDIX D: Suggestions for Human Translation
No. Human Translation Suggestion

2/TT/IX/16/HT As it’s Saturday night, I got a chance to play with my As it was Saturday night, I had a chance to play with my
grandson. While Jan Ethes wasn’t asleep, we took a ride on a grandson. While Jan Ethes was still awake, we took a ride on
mini train at Solo Paragon Mall. a mini train at Solo Paragon Mall.
4/TT/X/02/HT We should always care about people with disabilities. We should always care about people with disabilities.
Recently, they won all categories in ASEAN Para Games Recently, they won all categories in the 2017 ASEAN Para
2017. Amazing! Their hard work has made the good name of Games. Amazing! Their hard work has improved the good
our nation and country. Indonesia is very proud of the name of our nation and country. Indonesia is very proud of the
achievement. achievement.
6/TT/X/28/HT These are creative and innovative young people. Hand in These are creative and innovative young people. Hand in
hand, we can face any challenges and move forward to hand, we can face any challenges and move forward to
respond to the needs of time. Happy celebrating respond to the needs of time. Happy #SumpahPemuda2017
#SumpahPemuda2017 Video: State Secretary Press Beurau
Video: State Secretary Press Beurau
68
8/TT/XI/10/HT This is Nurtanio’s advice, “Don’t talk too much. Just work!” This is Nurtanio’s advice, “Don’t talk too much. Just work!”
The N-219 plane model is made by a group of creative The N-219 plane model is made by a group of creative young
young generation, and the model is called “Nurtanio”. people, and the model is called “Nurtanio”. The Late Admiral
Admiral Nurtanio Pringgoadisuryo (posthumous) was our Nurtanio Pringgoadisuryo was our nation’s hero who had
nation’s hero who had pioneered in airplanes manufacture in pioneered in airplanes manufacture in Indonesia since 1946.
Indonesia since 1946.
13/TT/I/02/HT Now there is an airport train available with the route starting Now there is an airport train available with the route starting
from Manggarai Station - Sudirman Baru - Duri - Baru from Manggarai Station, continuing to Sudirman Baru, Duri,
Ceper - Soekarno-Hatta Airport. The whole route is taken in Baru Ceper and ending at Soekarno-Hatta Airport. The whole
about 54 minutes. Let’s ride trains to reduce traffic jam and trip lasts about 54 minutes. Let’s ride trains to reduce traffic
to save time. jam and to save time.
Photo: State Secretary Press Beurau. Photo: State Secretary Press Beurau.
14/TT/I/19/HT Figuratively, Indonesia is like a healthy man whose Indonesia is like a healthy man whose cholesterol level, heart,
cholesterol level, heart, kidneys and other organs are in kidneys and other organs are in excellent condition. Getting a
excellent condition. Getting a cold every now and then is cold every now and then is normal. We are optimistic that our
normal. We are optimistic that our economic condition can economic condition can improve quickly. The monetary and
improve quickly. The monetary and fiscal state of Indonesia fiscal state of Indonesia right now is good. The deficit of the
right now is good. The deficit of The State Budget can be state budget is controlled at 2.42 percent. Indonesia
controlled at 2.42 percent. Indonesia Composite Index grows Composite Index is growing positively, the surplus of trade
positively, the surplus of trade balance is getting better and balance is getting better and the foreign exchange reserve is
the foreign exchange reserve goes up to USD 130 billion. going up to USD 130 billion.
Photo: State Secretary Press Beurau. Photo: State Secretary Press Beurau.
17/TT/II/12/HT This is one of my favorite photos. There is a pride of being This is one of my favorite photos. I feel proud of being
Indonesian everytime I stand under Garuda Pancasila Indonesian everytime I stand under Garuda Pancasila between
between the red and white flags. What about you? What the red and white flags. What about you? What photo makes
photo makes you proud and love being an Indonesian? you proud and love being an Indonesian?
18/TT/II/22/HT Our rivers are not garbage bins. Let’s work together and Our rivers are not garbage bins. Let’s work together and clean
clean Citarum River. If we try to work as quickly as we can, the Citarum River. If we try to work as quickly as we can, the
69
the river can be cleaned and in seven years, it can be the river can be cleaned and in seven years, it can be a source of
source of drinking water. drinking water.
19/TT/III/03/HT In building Indonesia, we need tough women. Some women In building Indonesia, we need tough women. Some women
works directly to the field, while others keep the family pursue careers, while others are homemakers. An example of
order. A tough woman in my life is the First Lady Iriana. a tough woman in my life is the First Lady Iriana.
Congratulations to all women who joined the Women’s Congratulations to all women who joined the Women’s March
March to celebrate World’s Women Day which fell on to celebrate World’s Women Day which fell on March 8th.
March 8th.
22/TT/IV/02/HT Let’s support “The Minions”, the duo Kevin and Marcus in Let’s support “The Minions”, the duo Kevin and Marcus in
Asian Games 2018 which will be held in Jakarta and the 2018 Asian Games which will be held in Jakarta and
Palembang. Keep up the good work to stay being number Palembang. Keep up the good work to stay number one.
one.
APPENDIX E: Translation Criteria Scoring
1. Instagram Translate Criteria Scoring
No. Source Text Instagram Translate Score Category

Clarity Natural Accuracy Total
ness
1/ST/I Selamat Hari Raya Iduladha 1438 H dari Happy day 1438 H for sukabumi. 1 1 1 3 Poor
X/01 Sukabumi. Foto: Biro Pers Setpres Photo: Press Bureau setpres.
2/ST/I Mumpung malam Minggu, kesempatan During Saturday night, chance chance. 1 1 1 3 Poor
X/16 momong cucu. Kebetulan Jan Ethes belum Jan Ethes hasn’t slept in a minivan at
tidur, tadi main naik kereta mini di Paragon Paragon Mall solo.
Mall Solo.
3/ST/I Kompak dan penuh semangat pertemuan Compact and full of high-school leaders 2 1 2 5 Sufficient
70
X/26 pimpinan perguruan tinggi se-Indonesia di in Bali. Campus is a source of

Bali tadi. Kampus adalah sumber pengetahuan knowledge and enlightenment. It is very
dan pencerahan. Sangat bahaya kalau dangerous that colleges are used as an
perguruan tinggi dimanfaatkan sebagai medan anti-Pancasila ideology, anti-Nkri, and
infiltrasi ideology anti-Pancasila, anti NKRI, anti-bhinneka diversity. We have to stop
dan anti Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Kita harus infiltrating ideology, radicalism, and
menghentikan infiltrasi ideologi, radikalsime terrorism in high school throughout
dan terorisme di perguruan tinggi seluruh Indonesia. Photo: Press Bureau setpres
4/ST/ Kita harus selalu pedli pada penyandang We should always care about people 2 1 2 5 Sufficient
X/02 disabilitas. Baru-baru ini mereka juara umum with disabilities. Recently these
ASEAN Para Games 2017. Luar biasa! Kerja ASEAN CHAMPIONS GAMES 2017.
keras berhasil mengharumkan nama bangsa are amazing! Work successfully enlight
dan negara. Seluruh rakyat sangat bangga the name of the nation and country.
terhadap prestasi yang telah diraih. People are very proud of the
achievements he has achieved.
5/ST/ Kemarin malam bersama musisi jalanan Last night with bandung street 3 3 3 9 Very good
X/18 Bandung. musicians. Video: Press Bureau setpres
6/ST/ Anak muda kreatif dan inovatif. Dengan Young and innovative young people. By 2 2 2 6 Sufficient
X/28 bergandengan tangan kita hadapi segala hand in hand we face all existing
tantangan yang ada dan bergerak maju challenges and move forward answering
menjawab kebutuhan zaman. Selamat the needs of times. 45Happy Day
memperingati hari #SumpahPemuda2017. #SumpahPemuda2017. Video: Press
Video: Biro Pers Setpres Burau setpres
7/ST/ Warga antusias banget nonton HUT TNI ke- Residents are very excited to watch the 1 1 1 3 Poor
XI/05 72 di Cilegon. Rame sekali, jalanan sampai 72nd army in cilegon. So many times,
tersendat. Lumayan olah raga jalan kaki the road gets choked up. It’s not fair to
71
menuju lokasi upacara. Selamat HUT TNI ke- walk to the ceremony. Congratulations
72. TNI terus menjaga NKRI, Pancasila, dan on the Indonesian army t maintain
kewibawaan negara kita. TNI adalah kekuatan Indonesia, pancasila, and state
besar yg disegani di dalam dan di luar negeri. authority. Tni is a great powerful power
inside and outside the country
8/ST/ Ini nasihat dari Nurtanio semasa hidupnya This is the advice of his life “ already, 2 1 1 4 Poor
XI/10 “Sudah, kita tidak usah ribut-ribut. Yang we don’t have to fuss. What is
penting kerja!”. Pesawat model N-219 adalah important!”. the model n-219 model is
karya anak bangsa yang kita beri nama: the work of the nation that we name:
Nurtanio. Laksamana Muda Udara Nurtanio. Air Admiral (posthumously)
(Anumerta) Nurtanio Pringgoadisuryo adalah Nurtanio Pringgoadisuryo was the pilot
patriot bangsa perintis pembuatan pesawat of the pioneering flight in the homeland
terbang di Tanah Air sejak 1946. since 1946. Photos: Press Bureau
Foto: Biro Pers Setpres setpres
9/ST/ Teirma kasih warga Medan yang dengan sabar Thank you citizens for being patient 2 2 2 6 Sufficient
XI/26 ikut menjadi saksi mata semua proses resepsi with witness all the reception of
pernikahan Kahiyang dan Bobby. Mohon kahiyang and Bobby’s wedding. I’m
maaf jalanan jadi ramai dan banyak sorry the streets are so crowded and a
pengalihan arus. Mohon doa restunya untuk lot of distractions. Please pray for my
rumah tangga anak saya. son’s household. Video: special
Video: Istimewa
10/ST Kemarin malam, mampir ke Paris Van Java, Last night, came to Paris Van Java, 3 3 2 8 Good
/XII/0 menyapa warga Bandung sekaligus menikmati greet the people of bandung while
4 kuliner kerupuk banjur dan tahu petis. Enak enjoying the culinary crackers banjur
banget. and know petis. Photo: Press Bureau
Foto: Biro Pers Setpres setpres
11/ST Mengantar Bapak B.J. Habibie sampai ke Escort Mr. B. J. Habibie to his residence 3 2 3 8 Good
/XII/1 kediamannya di Komplek Patra Kuningan. in the kuningan patra complex. May Mr.
72
6 Semoga Pak Habibie selalu dianugerahi Habibie always be awarded health.

kesehatan. Video: Press Bureau setpres
12/ST Kemarin saya ke Malioboro, Jogja. Bertemu Yesterday I went to malioboro, Jogja. 3 3 3 9 Very good
/XII/3 masyarakat sekaligus beli oleh-oleh khas Meet the community and buy a special
1 Jogja. Malioboro memang tempat yang sangat gift from Jogja. Malioboro is a very
seru untuk dikunjungi. exciting place to visit a video: The Press
Video: Biro Pers Setpres Bureau setpres
13/ST Sekarang sudah ada kereta bandara dengan Now there is an airport train with a 2 2 2 6 Sufficient
/I/02 rute perjalanan mulai dari Stasiun Manggarai travel route from the manggarai –
– Sudirman Baru – Duri – Baru Ceper – sudirman railway station – the
Bandara Soekarno-Hatta. Rute perjalanan soekarno-Hatta airport. Travel route for
ditempuh selama kurang lebih 54 menit. Ayo, less than 54 minutes. Come on, ride the
naik kereta untuk mengurangi kemacetan dan train to reduce traffic and save time.
hemat waktu. Photo: Press Bureau setpres
14/ST Indonesia itu ibarat manusia yang memiliki Indonesia is like a man who has robust 2 1 1 4 Poor
/I/19 kesehatan fisik yang prima, di mana physical health, where cholesterol,
kolesterol, asam urat, jantung, ginjal dan pulmonary acid, heart, kidneys and all
semua organ tubuh lainnya dalam kondisi other body organs in healthy condition.
sehat. Hanya sesekali terkena masuk angin, itu Just sometimes get caught in the wind,
biasa. Kita optimis ekonomi kita bisa melacu that’s normal. We’re optimistic of the
kencang. Sekarang kondisi moneter dan fiscal economy. We can go fast. Now the
Indonesia saat ini semua baik. Defisit APBN monetary and fiscal state of Indonesia is
dapat ditekan pd angka 2,42 persen. IHSG all good. Of Deficit at 2,42 percent. Ihsg
tumbuh positif, surplus neraca perdagangan grows positive, surplus balance of trade
semakin membaik & cadangan devisa is improving and reserves are increasing
meningkat dalam posisi USD 130 miliar. in position position position. Photo:
73
Foto: Biro Pers Setpres Press Bureau setpres

15/ST Tiba di Kabul, Afghanistan, disambut salju Arriving in Kabul, Afghanistan, snow 2 1 2 5 Sufficient
/I/29 dan angin yg dingin. Saya diberitahu, setelah and cold wind. I was told, after 57 years
57 tahun lalu, baru kali ini lagi Presiden ago, its just this time the president of
Indonesia berkunjung ke Afghanistan. Pada Indonesia came to Afghanistan. In 1961
tahun 1961 Presiden Sukarno pernah President Sukarno did a historic
melakukan kunjungan kenegaraan yang historical visit. Photo: Press Bureau
bersejarah. setpres
16/ST Kesiapan Indonesia menyongsong Asian Indonesia’s preparedness of the Asian 2 1 2 5 Sufficient
/II/03 Games 2018 kelihatan semakin matang karena games 2018 looks more mature because
setiap venue yang ingin digunakan satu per every venue to be used one by one has
satu sudah diselesaikan. Hari ini lapangan been settled. Today the new tennis field
tenis yang baru sudah selesai direnovasi dan is finished renovation and ready to use.
siap digunakan. Ini venue ketujuh dari 14 This is the seventh venue of the 14
venue yang direnovasi. renovated venues.
17/ST Ini salah satu foto favorit saya. Ada perasaan It’s one of my favorite photos. There is 2 1 2 5 Sufficient
/II/12 bangga menjadi orang Indonesia setiap berdiri a very proud feeling of being
di bawah Garuda Pancasila, apalagi yang Indonesian standing under garuda
diapit bendera Merah putih. Kalau kamu, apa pancasila, especially lanked by Red Red
foto yg bikin bangga dan cinta jadi orang Flags. If you, what photos are proud and
Indonesia? love to be indonesians?
18/ST Sungai bukan bak sampah. Gotong royong, River is not a garbage bin. Teamwork, 1 1 1 3 Poor
/II/22 bersatu padu kita bersihkan Sungai Citarum. unite us to clean river river. We’re
Kita berusaha secepat mungkin bisa bersih dan trying as soon as we can to get clean
semuga dalam 7 tahun ke depan sudah bisa and hopefully in the next 7 years it can
jadi sumber air minum. be a water source of
19/ST Dalam membangun Indonesia, kita butuh In Building Indonesia, we need a fine 1 1 1 3 Poor
74
/III/03 perempuan2 tangguh. Ada yg langsung terjun girl. Someone goes straight into the
ke lapangan, ada yg menjaga tatanan keluarga. field, someone keeps the family order.
Perempuan tangguh dalam hidupku adalah Ibu The tough woman in my life is my
Iriana. Selamat kepada para perempuan yang mother’s mother. Congratulations to the
hari ini mengikuti Women’s March, dalam women who today follow women’s
rangka Hari Perempuan Dunia yg akan jatuh March, in order of the world’s day the
pada tgl 8 Maret. world will fall on the March 8th.
20/ST Festival dan Pameran Burung Berkicau 2018 Festivals and birds chirp 2018 in bogor. 2 1 2 5 Poor
/III/11 di Bogor. Kita ini punya jumlah burung We have the number of the highest
endemik tertinggi di dunia lho. Ada lebih dari endemic birds in the world. There are
372 jenis burung yang tidak dapat ditemukan more than 372 types of birds that can’t
di negara lain di dunia. be found in other countries in the world.
21/ST Momong cucu di Mall Solo Paragon Momong grandson at the Solo Paragon 1 1 2 4 Poor
/III/30 Mall.
22/ST Ayo kita dukung “The Minions”, pasangan Let us support “the minions”, the couple 2 1 1 4 Poor
/IV/0 Kevin dan Marcus agar bisa juara di Asian Kevin and Marcus will be the champion
2 Games 2018 yang akan digelar di Jakarta dan at the 2018 Asian games which will be
Palembang. Jaga konsistensi untuk held in Jakarta and Palembang. Keep
mempertahankan puncak prestasi. the consistency to maintain the peak of
accomplishment.
23/ST Bersama anak-anak Papua. Belajar yang giat, With the children of Papua. Study hard, 1 1 1 3 Poor
/IV/1 anak-anakku untuk membangun negeri ini. my children to build this Country. You
3 Kalian pewaris Nusantara. Di tangan kalianlah are heir. In the hands you are children
anak anak Indonesia masa depan negeri ini. of the future of the country.
Total 43 33 39 115
75
2. Human Translation Criteria Scoring
No. Source Text Human Translation Score Category

Clarity Natural Accuracy Total
ness
1/ST/I Selamat Hari Raya Iduladha 1438 H dari Happy Eid Mubarak 1438 H from 4 4 4 12 Excellent
X/01 Sukabumi. Foto: Biro Pers Setpres Sukabumi.
Photo: State Secretary Press Beurau.
2/ST/I Mumpung malam Minggu, kesempatan As it was Saturday night, I had a chance 3 3 4 10 Very good
X/16 momong cucu. Kebetulan Jan Ethes belum to play with my grandson. While Jan
tidur, tadi main naik kereta mini di Paragon Ethes was still awake, we took a ride on
Mall Solo. a mini train at Solo Paragon Mall.
3/ST/I Kompak dan penuh semangat pertemuan The meeting of the rectors of 4 3 4 11 Excellent
X/26 pimpinan perguruan tinggi se-Indonesia di Indonesian universities in Bali earlier
Bali tadi. Kampus adalah sumber pengetahuan was full of solidarity and spirit.
dan pencerahan. Sangat bahaya kalau Universities are a source of knowledge
perguruan tinggi dimanfaatkan sebagai medan and enlightenment. It could be
infiltrasi ideology anti-Pancasila, anti NKRI, dangerous if universities were used as a
dan anti Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Kita harus place to infiltrate anti-Pancasila
menghentikan infiltrasi ideologi, radikalsime ideology, anti-NKRI, and anti-Bhinneka
dan terorisme di perguruan tinggi seluruh Tunggal Ika. We must stop ideology,
Indonesia. Foto: Biro Pers Setpres radicalism and terrorism from
infiltrating universities in Indonesia.
4/ST/ Kita harus selalu pedli pada penyandang We should always care about people 3 3 4 10 Very good
X/02 disabilitas. Baru-baru ini mereka juara umum with disabilities. Recently, they won all
ASEAN Para Games 2017. Luar biasa! Kerja categories in ASEAN Para Games 2017.
keras berhasil mengharumkan nama bangsa Amazing! Their hard work has made the
76
dan negara. Seluruh rakyat sangat bangga good name of our nation and country.
terhadap prestasi yang telah diraih. Indonesia is very proud of the
achievement.
5/ST/ Kemarin malam bersama musisi jalanan Hanging out with Bandung street 4 4 4 12 Excellent
X/18 Bandung. musicians last night. Video: State
Video: Biro Pres Setpres Secretary Press Beurau
6/ST/ Anak muda kreatif dan inovatif. Dengan These are creative and innovative young 4 3 4 11 Excellent
X/28 bergandengan tangan kita hadapi segala people. Hand in hand, we can face any
tantangan yang ada dan bergerak maju challenges and move forward to
menjawab kebutuhan zaman. Selamat respond to the needs of time. Happy
memperingati hari #SumpahPemuda2017. #SumpahPemuda2017
Video: Biro Pers Setpres Video: State Secretary Press Beurau
7/ST/ Warga antusias banget nonton HUT TNI ke- Residents are very excited to watch the 4 3 4 11 Excellent
XI/05 72 di Cilegon. Rame sekali, jalanan sampai 72nd anniversary of the National Army
tersendat. Lumayan olah raga jalan kaki in Cilegon. It was so crowded it caused
menuju lokasi upacara. Selamat HUT TNI ke- a traffic jam. I had a little exercise
72. TNI terus menjaga NKRI, Pancasila, dan walking to the location to attend the
kewibawaan negara kita. TNI adalah kekuatan ceremony. Happy 72nd anniversary to
besar yg disegani di dalam dan di luar negeri. the National Army. I hope that TNI can
keep protecting NKRI, Pancasila and
the reputation of our nation. TNI is a
big force that is respected inside and
outside the country.
8/ST/ Ini nasihat dari Nurtanio semasa hidupnya This is Nurtanio’s advice, “Don’t talk 4 3 4 11 Excellent
XI/10 “Sudah, kita tidak usah ribut-ribut. Yang too much. Just work!” The N-219 plane
penting kerja!”. Pesawat model N-219 adalah model is made by a group of creative
karya anak bangsa yang kita beri nama: young people, and the model is called
Nurtanio. Laksamana Muda Udara “Nurtanio”. The late Admiral Nurtanio
77
(Anumerta) Nurtanio Pringgoadisuryo adalah Pringgoadisuryo was our nation’s hero

patriot bangsa perintis pembuatan pesawat who had pioneered in airplanes
terbang di Tanah Air sejak 1946. manufacture in Indonesia since 1946.
9/ST/ Teirma kasih warga Medan yang dengan sabar Thank you, the citizens of Medan, who 4 4 4 12 Excellent
XI/26 ikut menjadi saksi mata semua proses resepsi had patiently witnessed Bobby’s and
pernikahan Kahiyang dan Bobby. Mohon Kahiyang’s wedding. I apologize for the
maaf jalanan jadi ramai dan banyak traffic jam we had caused. Please pray
pengalihan arus. Mohon doa restunya untuk for my daughter’s marriage.
rumah tangga anak saya.
Video: Istimewa
10/ST Kemarin malam, mampir ke Paris Van Java, Last night, I stopped by Paris van Java 4 4 4 12 Excellent
/XII/0 menyapa warga Bandung sekaligus menikmati to greet the people of Bandung and
4 kuliner kerupuk banjur dan tahu petis. Enak enjoy kerupuk banjur and tahu petis.
banget. Very delicious.
11/ST Mengantar Bapak B.J. Habibie sampai ke Escorting Mr. B. J. Habibie to his 4 3 4 11 Excellent
/XII/1 kediamannya di Komplek Patra Kuningan. residence in the Kuningan Patra
6 Semoga Pak Habibie selalu dianugerahi complex. May Mr. Habibie always be
kesehatan. blessed with good health.
Video: Biro Pers Setpres Video: State Secretary Press Beurau.
12/ST Kemarin saya ke Malioboro, Jogja. Bertemu Yesterday I went to Malioboro, Jogja, to 3 4 4 11 Excellent
/XII/3 masyarakat sekaligus beli oleh-oleh khas see the people there and to buy special
1 Jogja. Malioboro memang tempat yang sangat gifts from Jogja. Malioboro is a very
seru untuk dikunjungi. exciting place to visit.
Video: Biro Pers Setpres Video: State Secretary Press Beurau.
13/ST Sekarang sudah ada kereta bandara dengan Now there is an airport train available 3 3 3 9 Very good
/I/02 rute perjalanan mulai dari Stasiun Manggarai with the route starting from Manggarai
78
– Sudirman Baru – Duri – Baru Ceper – Station, continuing to Sudirman Baru,

Bandara Soekarno-Hatta. Rute perjalanan Duri, Baru Ceper, and ending at
ditempuh selama kurang lebih 54 menit. Ayo, Soekarno-Hatta Airport. The whole
naik kereta untuk mengurangi kemacetan dan lasts about 54 minutes. Let’s ride trains
hemat waktu. to reduce traffic jam and to save time.
14/ST Indonesia itu ibarat manusia yang memiliki Indonesia is like a healthy man whose 3 3 3 9 Very good
/I/19 kesehatan fisik yang prima, di mana cholesterol level, uric acid, heart,
kolesterol, asam urat, jantung, ginjal dan kidneys and other organs are in
semua organ tubuh lainnya dalam kondisi excellent condition. Getting a cold
sehat. Hanya sesekali terkena masuk angin, itu every now and then is normal. We are
biasa. Kita optimis ekonomi kita bisa melacu optimistic that our economic condition
kencang. Sekarang kondisi moneter dan fiscal can improve quickly. The monetary and
Indonesia saat ini semua baik. Defisit APBN fiscal state of Indonesia right now is
dapat ditekan pd angka 2,42 persen. IHSG good. The deficit of the state budget is
tumbuh positif, surplus neraca perdagangan controlled at 2.42 percent. Indonesia
semakin membaik & cadangan devisa Composite Index is growing positively,
meningkat dalam posisi USD 130 miliar. the surplus of trade balance is getting
Foto: Biro Pers Setpres better and the foreign exchange reserve
is going up to USD 130 billion.
15/ST Tiba di Kabul, Afghanistan, disambut salju Arriving in Kabul, Afghanistan, I was 4 4 4 12 Excellent
/I/29 dan angin yg dingin. Saya diberitahu, setelah greeted by the snow and cold wind. I
57 tahun lalu, baru kali ini lagi Presiden was told that after 57 years, this is the
Indonesia berkunjung ke Afghanistan. Pada first time Indonesian president comes
tahun 1961 Presiden Sukarno pernah and visited Afghanistan. In 1961,
melakukan kunjungan kenegaraan yang President Soekarno paid a historical
bersejarah. visit.
79

16/ST Kesiapan Indonesia menyongsong Asian Indonesia is now more prepared to 4 4 4 12 Excellent
/II/03 Games 2018 kelihatan semakin matang karena welcome Asian Games 2018 because
setiap venue yang ingin digunakan satu per the venues have been completed one by
satu sudah diselesaikan. Hari ini lapangan one. Today, the new tennis field is
tenis yang baru sudah selesai direnovasi dan finished being renovated and is ready to
siap digunakan. Ini venue ketujuh dari 14 be used. This is the seventh of 14
venue yang direnovasi. renovated venues.
17/ST Ini salah satu foto favorit saya. Ada perasaan This is one of my favorite photos. I feel 4 4 4 12 Excellent
/II/12 bangga menjadi orang Indonesia setiap berdiri proud of being Indonesian everytime I
di bawah Garuda Pancasila, apalagi yang stand under Garuda Pancasila between
diapit bendera Merah putih. Kalau kamu, apa the red and white flags. What about
foto yg bikin bangga dan cinta jadi orang you? What photo makes you proud and
Indonesia? love being an Indonesian?
18/ST Sungai bukan bak sampah. Gotong royong, Our rivers are not garbage bins. Let’s 3 4 4 11 Excellent
/II/22 bersatu padu kita bersihkan Sungai Citarum. work together and clean Citarum River.
Kita berusaha secepat mungkin bisa bersih dan If we try to work as quickly as we can,
semuga dalam 7 tahun ke depan sudah bisa the river can be cleaned and in seven
jadi sumber air minum. years, it can be the source of drinking
water.
19/ST Dalam membangun Indonesia, kita butuh In building Indonesia, we need tough 4 4 3 11 Excellent
/III/03 perempuan2 tangguh. Ada yg langsung terjun women. Some women pursue careers,
ke lapangan, ada yg menjaga tatanan keluarga. while others are homemakers. An
Perempuan tangguh dalam hidupku adalah Ibu example of a tough woman in my life is
Iriana. Selamat kepada para perempuan yang the First Lady Iriana. Congratulations to
hari ini mengikuti Women’s March, dalam all women who joined the Women’s
rangka Hari Perempuan Dunia yg akan jatuh March to celebrate World’s Women
pada tgl 8 Maret. Day which fell on March 8th.
80
20/ST Festival dan Pameran Burung Berkicau 2018 I was at the Chirping Bird Festival and 4 4 4 12 Excellent
/III/11 di Bogor. Kita ini punya jumlah burung Exhibition 2018 in Bogor. We have the
endemik tertinggi di dunia lho. Ada lebih dari highest number of endemic birds in the
372 jenis burung yang tidak dapat ditemukan world. There are more than 372 bird
di negara lain di dunia. species that cannot be found in any
other places in the world.
21/ST Momong cucu di Mall Solo Paragon Babysitting my grandson at the Solo 4 4 4 12 Excellent
/III/30 Paragon Mall.
22/ST Ayo kita dukung “The Minions”, pasangan Let’s support “The Minions”, the duo 4 3 4 11 Excellent
/IV/0 Kevin dan Marcus agar bisa juara di Asian Kevin and Marcus in the 2018 Asian
2 Games 2018 yang akan digelar di Jakarta dan Games which will be held in Jakarta
Palembang. Jaga konsistensi untuk and Palembang. Keep up the good work
mempertahankan puncak prestasi. to stay being number one.
23/ST Bersama anak-anak Papua. Belajar yang giat, With the children of Papua. Study hard, 4 4 4 12 Excellent
/IV/1 anak-anakku untuk membangun negeri ini. my children, to build this nation. You
3 Kalian pewaris Nusantara. Di tangan kalianlah are the heir of Nusantara. The future of
anak anak Indonesia masa depan negeri ini. this country is in the hands of the
children of Indonesia.
Total 86 82 89 257

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

THE ERROR ANALYSIS AND ACCEPTABILITY

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

THE ERROR ANALYSIS AND ACCEPTABILITY

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN TIDAK

Yang bertandatangan dibawah ini, saya mahasiswi Universitas Sanata Dharma:

Nama : Margaretha Christiatri Wulandari

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan

THE ERROR ANALYSIS AND ACCEPTABILITY

Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Pada tanggal: 10 Juni 2019

Margaretha Christiatri Wulandari

Wulandari, Margaretha Christiatri. (2019). The Error Analysis and Acceptability

Keywords: translation, machine translation, error analysis, acceptability,

Wulandari, Margaretha Christiatri. (2019). The Error Analysis and Acceptability

Kata kunci: translation, machine translation, error analysis, acceptability

kindness and grace.

My gratitude also goes to my thesis advisor, Mr. Concilianus Laos

Christina Lhaksmita Anandari, Ed.M., my current academic advisor for

a degree. Special thanks also goes to Miss Laurentia Sumarni, S. Pd., M.

Next, I sincerely thank the parental figures in my life: my mother, my

can accomplish another milestone in my life. I thank my siblings for always

I am grateful to all the lecturers and staff of the English Language

we crossed paths in our lives.

hope, I would not be able to finish this research.

Margaretha Christiatri Wulandari

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter provides the information on the research background,

research questions, research significance and definition of terms.

communication and connection that humans make. With today’s technology,

access those messages and information on various platforms such as e-mail,

websites and social media.

According to a survey done by Ethnologue, published by SIL International

Although there are some languages which play as international languages to

technology is developed to be more sophisticated to help people receive and

deliver information just as fast.

is Instagram. According to a survey done by statista.com, there are over one

authors, influencers and many others.

Instagram provides a main feature to help people share pictures. Besides,

translated languages is Bahasa Indonesia.

This thesis discusses an official account owned by Indonesia’s current

president, Joko Widodo or commonly known as Jokowi. On his account, which

Indonesian politicians who share information on a personal social media account.

to maintain the peak of accomplishment.”

Larson (1984) defines translation as “communicating the same meaning in

translation is a process of transferring meaning from one language to another.

To analyze the translation result done by Instagram Translate, the

researcher uses Koponen theory on errors found in machine translation as the

produced manually by human. The manual translation is produced by the

researcher, checked and clarified by a sworn translator, who is also a lecturer in

Sanata Dharma University. An English native speaker who is also a teacher in

This undergraduate thesis will answer these following research questions:

1. What errors are found in the English translation of @jokowi Instagram

caption made by Instagram Translate?

2. How are the errors in the English translation of @jokowi Instagram