Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

TOLL ROADS UNDER CONSTRUCTION/ COMPLETION

Lhokseumawe
12 Aceh
Band
a

PERMASALAHAN GEOTEKNIK DAN ALTERNATIF SOLUSINYA 9

Medan
8
10 7

UNTUK BEBERAPA PROYEK INFRASTRUKTUR UTAMA

Dumai
Manado
3
6 Pekanbaru
Samarinda
11

DI INDONESIA Padang
4

34 RUAS
Jambi
Balikpapan

KONSTRUKSI
12 RUAS
Palembang
4 3
Bengkulu
2
5
PERSIAPAN
Masyhur Irsyam* Lampung
1

7 RUAS
Jakarta
*Anggota - Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia AIPI KONSTRUKSI 8 1
1 2 7 12 3 Semarang
6 baya
Sur

*Ketua - Kelompok Keahlian Rekayasa Geoteknik ITB PERSIAPAN 5 RUAS (*) Bandung
4 5 6 7 8a 9 10
Solo 5 11
*Ketua - Tim Pemutakhiran Peta Gempa Indonesia 2010 dan 2017 KONSTRUKSI 10 RUAS
*Anggota - TABG DKI Jakarta dan KKJTJ PUPR TRANS SUMATERA KONSTRUKSI 11 RUAS
1. Bakauheni – Terbanggi Besar PERSIAPAN 3 RUAS (*)
2. Terbanggi Besar – Pematang PERSIAPAN 1 RUAS (*) KONSTRUKSI 6 RUAS
Panggang – Kayu Agung
TRANS JAWA PERSIAPAN 3 RUAS (*) JABODETABEK
3. Kayu Agung – Palembang – 1. Bekasi – Cawang – Kp Melayu
Betung 1. Pejagan – Pemalang 2. Cinere – Jagorawi
NON TRANS JAWA
4. Palembang – Indralaya 2. Pemalang – Batang 3. Depok – Antasari
5. Medan – Kualanamu – Tebing 3. Batang – Semarang 1. Ciawi – Sukabumi 4. Cimanggis – Cibitung
Tinggi 4. Semarang – Solo 2. Soreang – Pasir Koja 5. 6 Ruas Tol DKI
6. Medan – Binjai 5. Solo – Ngawi 3. Manado – Bitung 6. Kunciran – Serpong
7. Pekanbaru – Kandis – Dumai 6. Ngawi – Kertosono 4. Balikpapan – Samarinda 7. Serpong – Balaraja
8. Palembang – Tanjung Api api * 7. Kertosono – Mojokerto 5. Pandaan – Malang 8. Bogor Ring Road
9. Kisaran – Tebing Tinggi * 8. Surabaya – Mojokerto 6. Cileunyi – Sumedang – 9. Cengkareng – Kunciran
10. Kuala Tanjung – Tebing Tinggi 9. Relokasi Porong - Gempol Dawuan 10. Jakarta – Cikampek II Elevated
– Parapat * 10. Gempol – Pasuruan 7. Krian – Legundi – Bunder * 11. Cibitung – Cilincing *
11. Padang – Bukit Tinggi * 11. Pasuruan – Probolinggo 8. Serang – Panimbang * 12. Serpong – Cinere *
12. Banda Aceh – Sigli * 12. Probolinggo – Banyuwangi * 9. Semarang – Demak * 13. Jakarta – Cikampek II Selatan *
2

1 2

Inter Island Long Span Bridges

TRANS SUMATERA TOLL ROAD PROJECT
PALEMBANG-INDRALAYA

Soil Surface Condition

• Swampy area, with about 1.5m to 2.0m depth of water (STA 0+000 to STA 17+000)
• Flooding (5 years return period), the water level increase about 1.0m from initial
elevation
• Total area of submerged zone until STA 18+000

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Webinar Series Pekerjaan Tanah Tema Tanah Lunak 1

Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

High Speed Railway Jakarta-Bandung

MRT Jakarta

5 6

LRT Jabodetabek New Priok Port Project:

MINISTRY OF PT. ADHI KARYA (Persero),Tbk.

LOCATION
TRANSPORTATION

KABUPATEN TANGERANG
PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA
KABUPATEN BEKASI
KOTA TANGERANG 7,8 km
TOTAL LENGTH - LRT : 82,93 KM
11,05 km
18,49km

KOTA K
Sta. TamanOTA B
Mini EKASI
1 st P h a s e 6 SERVICE LINE LRT Jabodebek
1. Cawang - Cibubur :14.89 km
Sta. Kp. Rambutan
44.43 km
2. Cawang - Kuningan - D.Atas :11.05 km
TANGERANG 14,89km
Sta. Ciracas 3. Cawang – Bekasi Timur :18.49 km
2 nd P h a s e 4. D.Atas - Palmerah - Senayan:7.8 km
SELATAN 38.5 km
Sta. Cibubur
5. Cibubur – Bogor
6. Palmerah – Grogol
: 25.0 km
: 5.7 km CT 1 SUPPORTI
SCHEDULE NG
KOTA DEPOK SERVICE LINE 201 201
2018 2019 AREA
6 7
Cawang – Cibubur (SERVICE LINE 1)
KABUPATEN BOGOR
Sta. Cibinong
Cawang – D. Atas (SERVICE LINE 2)

Cawang – Bekasi Timur (SERVICE LINE 3)

CT : Container Terminal
25,0 km
Sta. Sentul Sirkuit
PT : Product Terminal
Total of Stations : 19
KOTA BOGOR
Sta. Tanah Baru
Dep
o

FERIALDY NOERLAN – Direktur Teknik PT PELABUHAN INDONESIA II (Persero)

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Webinar Series Pekerjaan Tanah Tema Tanah Lunak 2

Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

High Rise Buildings in Jakarta and other Big Cities

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Tunnel Transportation

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Webinar Series Pekerjaan Tanah Tema Tanah Lunak 3

Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Kriteria dan Sebaran tanah lunak di Indonesia

Tanah Tanah
Sangat Lunak Lunak
c (t/m2) <2 2–4
qc (kg/cm2) <6 6 - 10

Topik “Tanah Lunak”: N-SPT <2 3–5

1. Tol Palembang Indralaya Saroso, 1984-1985

2. Bandara Soekarno Hatta dan Tol Pemalang Batang

3. Double Track Pemalang-Batang dan Dermaga Kali Baru

P.V. Long, D.T. Bergado, L.V. Nguyen, A.S.

Balasubramaniam , 2012

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FAILURE IN CONSTRUCTION ON SOFT SOILS FAILURE IN CONSTRUCTION ON SOFT SOILS

Sliding - Road
1. Sliding - Riverside

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

FAILURE IN CONSTRUCTION ON SOFT SOILS FAILURE IN CONSTRUCTION ON SOFT SOILS

2. Damage of Flexible Pavement 3. Bridge Failure

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Instability of Abutment Foundation due to Embankment Filling for Oprit

Construction of Abutment Foundation

Embankment Filling for Oprit

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

4. Structural Damage due to Excessive Settlement

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Foundation Retrofitting Using Jacking Piles

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

5. Stability of Sheet Pile/ Wall During Excavation

Foundation Retrofitting Using Jacking Piles

Piles originally were driven vertically

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Piles originally were driven vertically

6. Stability of Sheet Pile Wall After Backfilling

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Sheet Pile Kayu

Sheetlunak,
Tanah clay sangat Pile Beton
qc=1.0-3.0 kg/cm2, ketebalan
maksimum 16.0 m. Pada sebagian lokasi, sampai
kedalam 20.0 – 28.0 m

Tiang Pancang Tanah clay lunak, qc=3.0-6.0 kg/cm2 Awal Agustus 2005
Pipa Beton 30m: Very Soft to Soft Clay

Tanah clayey silt/silty clay,

qc=12.0-25.0 kg/cm2
Tanah silty sand, qc>150
kg/cm2, mulai kedalaman 32.0
– 36.0 m
Dense Sand 5m: Medium Sandy Clay

29 30

Topik “Tanah Lunak”:

1. Tol Palembang Indralaya
2. Bandara Soekarno Hatta dan Tol Pemalang Batang
3. Double Track Pemalang-Batang dan Dermaga Kali Baru

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Webinar Series Pekerjaan Tanah Tema Tanah Lunak 8

Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

TRANS SUMATERA
TOLL ROAD 2015 Geotechnical and Hydrological Condition
Soil Surface Condition

• Swampy area, with about 1.5m to 2m depth of water (STA 0+000 to STA 17+000)
• Flooding (5 years return period), the water level increase about 1m from initial elevation
• Total area of submerged zone until STA 18+000

33 34

Soil Stratification Profiling Embankment Roads on Soft Soils

Inderalaya Palembang Low bearing capacity

Limited Height
Fill Height : 1m – 6m

Very soft soil

Large and Uneven settlement

Very soft soil

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Webinar Series Pekerjaan Tanah Tema Tanah Lunak 9

Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Technical Requirement for Improvement of Soft Soils for Toll Road Construction
(Department of Public Works 2002 and 2013) Potential Solutuions:
• Struktural Solution
– Slab on pile

Surcgarge load during preloading > 1.2qfinal
Consolidation > 90%
• Soil Improvement
– PVD + Preloading
qfinal – PVD + Surcharge + Vacuum Consolidation
Settlement < 20 mm/year – Deep Mixing / Soil Cement Column
< 100 mm
• Floating Structure (Indonesian Products)
– Modified Chicken Claw Foundation (Fondasi Cakar Ayam)
– Spider Netting Foundation (Konstruksi Jaring Laba-laba)
– Bamboo Pile-Matrass System

• Light Weight Material

Subgrade level:
– Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Foam
qall 110 kPa from
Plate Loading Test (1m x 1m) – Foam Mortar
Safety Factor againts Slope Stability SF> 1.5

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PEMILIHAN SISTEM KONSTRUKSI 2. POTENTIAL SOLUTION

1. Pile Slab

MODIFIED CHICKEN CLAW FOUNDATION

• Utilization of steel pipe piles to replace concrete pipes for lighter and
stronger foundation
• Slab on ground as a raft foundation
• Improvement of design methodology and modeling
• Reduction in differential settlement

Hardiyatmo and Suhendro, 2007

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Webinar Series Pekerjaan Tanah Tema Tanah Lunak 10

Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Sumber : PT. Bina Cakar Bumi

Usulan Cakar Ayam untuk Palembang Project Chicken Claw with Pentagon Concrete System
Mengadopsi Jembatan Sungai Penuh Finish Grade < 3m

Tipe 1 H = 1.5+3.1 m

41 42

3. Soil Improvement Using Vertical Drain

Calculation of Consolidation Settlement

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0.000

-0.200

-0.400

-0.600
Settlement (m)

-0.800

-1.000 Single Drainage

Double Drainage

-1.200

-1.400

-1.600

-1.800

-2.000
Time of Consolidation (tahun)

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Webinar Series Pekerjaan Tanah Tema Tanah Lunak 11

Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Tanjung Emas, Semarang Tanjung Emas, Semarang

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Soil Improvement Using Vertical Drain VACUUM PRELOADING

3. Soil Improvement: Preloading Using Vertical Drain Atmospheric Pressure
Impervious
Vacuum Gas
Phase Booster Vacuum Air
Water Pump
Membrane

Fill Air Flow Water

Draining Treatment
Layer Station

Horizontal
Drains

Peripheral trenches filled with

Bentonite and polyacrylate

9.0 m Vertical
ISOTROPIC CONSOLIDATION
Vacuum
Transmission

Tinggi kritis 3.0 m Pipes

Peripheral drain Wall

Masse et al, 2001

Timbunan secara bertahap (3 tahapan)

Masalah Utama:
1. Masalah stabilitas lereng karena keterbatasan tinggi timbunan
2. Timbunan harus dilakukan secara bertahap → waktu konsolidasi >12 bulan
3. Perlu material timbunan yang banyak
• Tegangan negative dari sistim vakum akan menghasilkan tegangan air pori negatif,
sehingga menaikkan tegangan efektif tanah yang setara dengan timbunan setinggi 5-6m
dan mempercepat proses konsolidasi,
• Jumlah material timbunan saat preloading menjadi jauh berkurang,
• Dengan berkurangnya jumlah timbunan maka mempercepat waktu konstruksi,
• Karena tegangan vakum adalah isotropic sehingga tidak ada masalah stabilitas lereng
saat preloading.

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Webinar Series Pekerjaan Tanah Tema Tanah Lunak 12

Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

VACUUM PRELOADING
Comparison: Soil Preloading and Vacuum Preloading

Soil Preloading Vacuum Preloading

ROW ROW
Surcharge
Surcharge Surcharge
Surcharge
Pavement Kelebihan:
SandBlanket
Sand Blanket Berm
Berm Berm
Berm
• Permasalahan settlement pasca konstruksi dapat dikontrol melalui beban preloading yg benar,
Vertical
Vertical Vertical
Vertical

• Tidak ada permasalahan stabilitas lereng krn beban vakum adalah isotropic dan suction,
Drain
Drain Drain
Drain
SoftClay
Soft Clay SoftClay
Soft Clay

• Wide ROW
• High soil surcharge
• Need thick horizontal drain
• Lower Stability
• Greater Lateral Movement
• Longer Construction Time
• Narrow ROW
• Lower or no soil surcharge
• Relatively thin horizontal drain
• Better Control of Stability
• Lesser Lateral Movement
• Shorter Construction Time
• Tidak diperlukan material urugan tanah untuk ekstra surcharging saat preloading,
• Perioda konstruksi menjadi lebih pendek krn penimbunan tanah menjadi lebih sedikit dan cepat
serta waktu tunggu proses konsolidasi yang singkat,
• Biaya Konstruksi menengah dan biaya pemeliharaan rendah.
Kekurangan :
• Beberapa material dan peralatan masih perlu diimpor,
• Sulit untuk daerah yang ada lapisan lensa pasir karena tegangan vakum akan bocor,
• Masih belum banyak spesialis aplikator untuk vakum,
• Perlu load ratio yang cukup (sebaiknya minimal 1.3)
• Perlu supervisi lapangan yang ketat.
• Perlu mempertimbangkan secondary consolidation

49 50

SELECTED IMPROVEMENT METHOD CONSTRUCTION OF VACUUM PRELOADING

1. Geotextile 2. Sand Filling
• Based on the following criterias:
Construction Cost
Stability Criteria
Settlement Criteria
Estimated Construction Time
Construcability
Required Fill Material
Right of Way
The selected improvement method on this area is vacuum preloading 3. PVD Installation 4. PHD Installation
• The method can accommodate smaller amount of fill material
• Provides shorter time for preloading because there is no stability issues
• Results in safer stability and deformation for existing structures and houses
near the project location

To prove this selection, a trial embankment with complete

monitoring was then conducted at Section 1

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Webinar Series Pekerjaan Tanah Tema Tanah Lunak 13

Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

CONSTRUCTION OF VACUUM PRELOADING

5. Geo Membrane Installation 6. Instrumentation
CPT TEST : ZONE 1

7. Vacuum Process 8. Backfilling during vacuum

53 54

SNI 8460:2017
EXCAVATION AFTER VACUUM Beban tambahan
Beban tambahan diberikan 30% di atas beban rencana

Piezometer

Gambar 22 – Skematik instrumentasi untuk monitoring kinerja PVD (dimodifikasi dari FHWA, 1986)

After Vacuum - Almost Vertical 3m Excavation – No stability Problems

Di Lapangan:
Penimbunan tanah selama vakum harus sudah selesai sampai pada level subgrade

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Webinar Series Pekerjaan Tanah Tema Tanah Lunak 14

Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Measuring Degree of Consolidation:

Asaoka’s method Calculation of DOC using PWP
Note: The results of Asaoka’s method is affected by the time interval Hydrostatic
used (the larger the ∆t, the smaller the Sf) and the secondary pore water After Chu and
settlement. Early plot (with DOC<70%) may not be reliable. pressure line Yan (2005a)
ut(h)

Depth (m)
u0(h)
Suction
line us
U avg = 1 −
 [u (h) − u ]dh
t s

 [u (h) − u ]dh
0 s

PWP (kPa)
57 After Holtz et al. (1991) Chu Jian, 2015 58

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East Connection Taxiway

Soekarno Hatta International Airport
Jakarta – Indonesia
Topik “Tanah Lunak”: 2018

1. Tol Palembang Indralaya Application of

2. Bandara Soekarno Hatta dan Tol Pemalang Batang Full Displacement Column f 32 cm
for solving Bearing Capacity and
3. Double Track Pemalang-Batang dan Dermaga Kali Baru Consolidation problems

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

► LONG SECTION
► DETAIL PROJECT LOCATION PROFILE OF CONSTRUCTION HEIGHT

EAST SIDE TAXIWAY

CONNECTION NP1 SECONDARY APRON Hmax ≈ 10.3 m
COMPLETED ON PROGRESS
(Previous Phase 2016 – 2017) 2017
Phase I 2016 Phase2018
I 2018
Hmax ≈ 8.6 m
BRIDGE

WEST CONNECTION TAXIWAY

TAHAP 1 TAHAP 2
0.92%
1.30%

1.280%

TERMINAL 1 TERMINAL 3

BRIDGE

TERMINAL 2 EAST CONNECTION TAXIWAY

(Current Phase 2018) Hmax ≈ 8.7 m

Phase I 2016 ON
COMPLETED Phase I 2018
PROGRESS
2017 2018 Hmax ≈ 9.4 m

TAHAP 1 TAHAP 2
WEST SIDE TAXIWAY

BRIDGE

61 62

1. Pemasangan FDC dan LTP

 Konsep Desain
2. Pembebanan dan distribusi tegangan oleh
q badan taxiway=5 ton/m2 Load LTP ke FDC dan tanah sekitarnya

q bahu taxiway=1 ton/m2 3. Selama proses konsolidasi. Pada saat

Loading Transfer Platform (LTP)
q bahu taxiway=1 ton/m2 displacement tanah terjadi lebih besar
daripada displacement FDC, sebagian
F F F F tegangan pada tanah tertransfer pada FDC
D D D D akibat negative skin friction pada bagian
C C C C atas FDC

4. Pada saat tercapai kondisi displacement

FDC or KGM Compressible Soil Layer tanah mengecil sehingga kurang dari
displacement FDC pada kedalaman tertentu,
FDC = Full Displacement Column Design Criteria: terjadi transfer tegangan kembali dari FDC
KGM = Kolom Grout Modular • Minimal Subgrade CBR 6% ke tanah sekitarnya. Hal ini memobilisir
• Settlement post construction < 100mm positive skin friction dan tahanan ujung
• FS static > 1.5 and FS earthquake > 1.0 bawah FDC
Bearing Layer/
Less Compressible Soil Layer 5. FDC dan tanah sekelilingnya bersama-sama
menahan beban secara komposit

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

► FDC TYPICAL SETUP

 SF Tahap Penimbunan = 1.37  SF Tahap Operasional = 1.49

MIXER
FDC RIG TRUCK

 SF Tahap Beban Gempa = 1.14

MORTAR
SUPPLY LINES
PUMP

FDC RIG

MIXER
TRUCK

65 66

► SEQUENCE OF WORK

Step 1: Step 3: Step 4:

Positioning of FDC rig Installation to Once the displacement tool
required founding reached the required depth,
depth simultaneously it will extract and
pump in-situ fill material (mortar)
through the hollow rod. The tool is
Step 2: rotated in the same direction
Lowering the displacement tool into the ground by during installation phase
rotating and pushing. Soil is loosen by the auger starter
and the pushed into the surrounding soil by the
displacement body

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Webinar Series Pekerjaan Tanah Tema Tanah Lunak 17

Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

5th PROJECT:
Kolom Grout Modular for Toll Road Pemalang-Batang
Project Name :
Pemalang-Batang Toll Road Project 39.2 km, 13 Oprit Gambar Kerja – Instalasi – QA/QC
Owner :
PT. Pemalang Batang Toll Road
Main Contractor :
PT. Waskita Karya (Persero)

Spesialis:
KSO Menard-Rekakarya

Geotechnical Problems:
• Embankment height at oprit ±6.0m
• Soft soil thickness > 10.0m
• Bearing Capacity, Settlement, Slope Stability Gambar Kerja KGM
Plate Load Test – QA/QC
Proses Instalasi
• Design Criteris:
• Maximum settlement 100 mm
• SF slope stability > 1.5
KSO Menard-Rekakarya
Abuhurairah, 2018

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BAMBOO PILE-MATTRESS SYSTEM

Topik “Tanah Lunak”:

1. Tol Palembang Indralaya
2. Bandara Soekarno Hatta dan Tol Pemalang Batang
3. Double Track Pemalang-Batang dan Dermaga Kali Baru

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Webinar Series Pekerjaan Tanah Tema Tanah Lunak 18

Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Stability of Embankment Without Reinforcement Stability of Embankment With Geotextile

Critical hc 
height

Soft Soil

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Stability of Embankment With Bamboo Mattress Stability of Embankment With Bamboo Pile- Mattress

It enforces the failure surface not to pass

through middle of the embankment

Distribute embankment load more

uniformly Increase resistance due to side friction from bamboo piles
Reduce differential settlement due to it
stiffness
However, embankment is still subjected to consolidation
Provides buoyancy settlement!!!

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

UTILIZATION OF BAMBOO PILE-MATTRESS SYSTEM FOR

RAILWAY EMBANKMENT ON VERY SOFT SOIL CONDITION
SEMARANG –TAWANG, 2012-2013
Durability?

Bamboo is durable
as long as it is always saturated

Appropriate for embankment in

coastal and swampy area where
it is always saturated

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Cara Meletakkan Bambu

Pada Matras

Untuk 5 lapis

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

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Trial/ Loading Test: Conducted by Using Cargo Train (Heaviest Train)

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Trial/ Loading Test: Conducted by Using Cargo Train (Heaviest Train)

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UTILIZATION OF BAMBOO PILE-MATTRESS SYSTEM FOR CONTAINER YARD

ON VERY SOFT SOIL CONDITION
JAKARTA PORT TERMINAL, KALIBARU, 2013

Masyhur Irsyam Bangun Sucipto Andi Kartawiria

Ketua - Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia PT. Pembangunan Perumahan PT. Promisco
Ketua - Pusat Penelitian Mitigasi Bencana ITB
Ketua - Tim Revisi Peta Gempa Indonesia
Anggota - Tim Penasehat Konstruksi Bangunan DKI

Owner : PT PELABUHAN INDONESIA II (Persero)

Konsultan : direncanakan oleh PT LAPI ITB
Kontraktor : PT Pembangunan Perumahan
(Penulis terlibat sbg Geotechnical Expert PT PP)

Surabaya, 4 Juli 2013

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

Reklamasi:
Sebagian besar area yang
tersedia untuk reklamasi berada
di atas tanah lunak → complicated
design (matras bambu untuk
pondasi revetment);

Permasalahan ketersediaan
pasir untuk material reklamasi;

Panjang daerah yang diperkuat dng cerucuk matras bambu > 5.o km
Jumlah matras > 360 ribu
FERIALDY NOERLAN
Seminar HATTI, Desember 2012

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

PT. PP (Persero)
PT. PP (Persero)

Alat pancang cerucuk cluster bambu dipatenkan oleh PT .PP Alat pancang cerucuk cluster bambu dipatenkan oleh PT. PP

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PT. PP (Persero)

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Prof Dr Ir Masyhur Irsyam (ITB) 27 Januari 2021

PT. PP (Persero)

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