ENGLISH SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

Questions 11-20
1 The languages spoken by early Europeans are still shrouded in mystery. There is no linguistic continuity between the
languages of Old Europe (a term sometimes used for Europe between 7000 and 3000 B.C.) and the languages
of the modem world, and we cannot yet translate the Old European script, Scholars have deciphered other
ancient languages, such as Sumerian, Akkadian,

(Bahasa yang digunakan oleh orang Eropa awal masih diselimuti misteri. Tidak ada kesinambungan
linguistik antara bahasa-bahasa Eropa Kuno (istilah yang kadang-kadang digunakan untuk Eropa antara 7000
dan 3000 SM) dan bahasa-bahasa dunia modern, dan kita belum dapat menerjemahkan aksara Eropa Kuno.
Para sarjana telah menguraikan bahasa-bahasa kuno lainnya, seperti sebagai Sumeria, Akkadia)
5 and Babylonian, which used the cuneiform script, because of the fortuitous discovery of bilingual inscriptions, When
cuneiform tablets were first discovered in the eighteenth century, scholars could not decipher them. Then
inscriptions found in baa at the end of the eighteenth century
provided a link: these inscriptions were written in cuneiform and in two other ancient languages,
Old Persian and New Elamite--languages that had already been deciphered. It took several
(dan Babilonia, yang menggunakan tulisan paku, karena penemuan prasasti dwibahasa secara kebetulan. Ketika tablet
paku pertama kali ditemukan pada abad kedelapan belas, para sarjana tidak dapat menguraikannya. Kemudian prasasti
ditemukan di baa pada akhir abad kedelapan belas
memberikan tautan: prasasti ini ditulis dalam huruf paku dan dalam dua bahasa kuno lainnya,
Persia Lama dan Elam Baru--bahasa yang telah diuraikan. Butuh beberapa )
10 decades, but scholars eventually translated the ancient cuneiform script via the more familiar Old Persian
language.
Similarly, the hieroglyphic writing of the Egyptians remained a mystery until French troops unearthed the
famous Rosetta stone in the late eighteenth century. The stone carried the same message written in ancient
Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and Egyptian hieratic, a simplified form
dekade, tetapi para sarjana akhirnya menerjemahkan tulisan paku kuno melalui bahasa Persia Kuno
yang lebih dikenal.
Demikian pula, tulisan hieroglif orang Mesir tetap menjadi misteri sampai pasukan Prancis
menemukan batu Rosetta yang terkenal pada akhir abad kedelapan belas. Batu itu membawa pesan
yang sama yang ditulis dalam bahasa Yunani kuno, hieroglif Mesir, dan hieratik Mesir, bentuk yang
disederhanakan
15 of hieroglyphs. The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars' efforts for several decades until the early
nineteenth century when several key hieroglyphic phrases were decoded using the Greek inscriptions.
Unfortunately, we have no Old European Rosetta stone to chart correspondences between Old European script
and the languages that replaced it.
Tim incursions of Indo-European tribes into Old Europe from the late fifth to the early third
(dari hieroglif. Batu Rosetta menggagalkan upaya para sarjana selama beberapa dekade hingga
awal
abad kesembilan belas ketika beberapa frase hieroglif kunci yang diterjemahkan menggunakan
prasasti Yunani. Sayangnya, kami tidak memiliki batu Rosetta Eropa Kuno untuk memetakan
korespondensi antara aksara Eropa Kuno dan bahasa yang menggantikannya.

Serangan tim dari suku-suku Indo-Eropa ke Eropa Lama dari akhir kelima hingga awal sepertiga)
20 millennia B.C. caused a linguistic and cultural discontinuity. These incursions disrupted the Old European
sedentary farming lifestyle that had existed for 3,000 years As the Indo-Europeans encroached on Old Europe
from the east, the continent underwent upheavals. These severely affected the Balkans, where the Old
European cultures abundantly employed script. The Old European way of life deteriorated rapidly,
although pockets of Old European culture remained for

(ribuan tahun SM menyebabkan diskontinuitas bahasa dan budaya. Serangan-serangan ini mengganggu gaya hidup
pertanian menetap Eropa Kuno yang telah ada selama 3.000 tahun Ketika orang-orang Indo-Eropa merambah
Eropa Kuno dari timur, benua itu mengalami pergolakan. Ini sangat mempengaruhi Balkan, di mana budaya Eropa
Kuno banyak menggunakan aksara. Cara hidup Eropa Kuno memburuk dengan cepat, meskipun kantong-kantong
budaya Eropa Kuno tetap ada selama

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 ENGLISH SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

25 several millennia, ~ new peoples spoke completely different languages belonging to the Indo- European
linguistic family. The Old European language or language es, and the script used to write them, declined and
eventually vanished.
beberapa milenium, ~ orang-orang baru berbicara bahasa yang sama sekali berbeda milik keluarga linguistik
Indo-Eropa. Bahasa atau bahasa-bahasa Eropa Kuno, dan aksara yang digunakan untuk menulisnya,
menurun dan akhirnya lenyap.

11. What does the passage mainly discuss? 13. According to the passage, scholars were able to
(A) Reasons for the failure to understand the
decipher cuneiform script with the help of ___
written records of Old European culture
(A) the Sumerian, Akkadian, and
(B) Influences on the development of Old
Babylonian languages
European script
(B) Old Persian
(C) Similarities between Old European
(C) tablets written in Old European
script and other ancient writing
(D) a language spoken in eighteenth
systems
century Iran
(D) Events leading to the discovery of Old
13. Menurut bagian itu, para sarjana dapat
European script
menguraikan tulisan paku dengan bantuan ___
11. Apa yang terutama dibahas dalam perikop (A) Sumeria, Akkadia, dan
tersebut? Bahasa Babilonia
(A) Alasan kegagalan untuk memahami (B) Persia Kuno
catatan tertulis dari budaya Eropa Kuno (C) tablet yang ditulis dalam bahasa
(B) Pengaruh terhadap perkembangan aksara Eropa Kuno
Eropa Kuno (D) bahasa yang digunakan di Iran abad
kedelapan belas
(C) Kesamaan antara aksara Eropa Kuno dan
sistem penulisan kuno lainnya
14. The word “fortuitous” in line 5 is closet in
(D) Peristiwa yang mengarah pada
penemuan aksara Eropa Kuno
meaning to _
12. According to the passage, New Elamite is _ important
(A) a language that was written in the (A) sudden
cuneiform script (B) early
(B) a modem language that came from Old (C) lucky
Persian
(C) one of the languages spoken by the Old 15. The word " them " in line 6 refers to ___
Europeans (A) Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian
(D) a language that was understood by the late (B) bilingual inscriptions
eighteenth century (C) cuneiform tablets
(D) scholars
12. Menurut bagian tersebut, Elam Baru
adalah _ 15. Kata "mereka" pada baris 6 mengacu pada ___
(A) bahasa yang ditulis dalam aksara paku (A) Sumeria, Akkadia, dan Babilonia
(B) bahasa modern yang berasal dari Persia (B) prasasti dwibahasa
Kuno (C) tablet runcing
(C) salah satu bahasa yang digunakan oleh (D) ulama
orang Eropa Kuno
(D) bahasa yang dipahami pada akhir abad
kedelapan belas
16. When does the passage suggest that ancient unearthed
Egyptian hieroglypttic script was finally (C) As soon as additional bilingual
deciphered? inscriptions became available to
(A) At around the same time as cuneiform scholars
script was deciphered (D) A few decades after the hieratic script was
(B) Shortly before the Rosetta stone was decoded

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 ENGLISH SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

16. Kapan bagian itu menunjukkan bahwa naskah

18. The word " thwarted " in line 14 is closest in
hierogliptik Mesir kuno akhirnya diuraikan?
(A) Pada waktu yang hampir bersamaan dengan meaning to _
(A) continued
cuneiform
skrip diuraikan (B) influenced
(B) Sesaat sebelum batu Rosetta digali (C) encouraged
(C) Segera setelah prasasti dwibahasa tambahan (D) frustrated
tersedia bagi para sarjana 18. Kata " digagalkan" pada baris 14 paling dekat
artinya dengan _
(D) Beberapa dekade setelah skrip hieratik
(A) lanjutan
diterjemahkan
(B) dipengaruhi
(C) didorong
17. According to the passage, which of the
(D) frustrasi
following is true of the Rosetta stone?
(A) It was found by scholars trying to
19. According to the passage, Indo-European
decode ancient languages.
incursions caused Old European populations to
(B) It contains two versions of
hieroglyphic script. ___
(C) Several of its inscriptions were decoded (A) separate into different tribes
within a few months of its discovery. (B) move eastward
(D) Most of its inscriptions have still not (C) change their ways of living obtaining
been decoded. food
17. Menurut bagian tersebut, manakah di antara (D) start recording historical events in
berikut ini adalah benar dari batu rosetta? Writing
(A) Ditemukan oleh para sarjana yang mencoba 19. Menurut bagian tersebut, serbuan
memecahkan kode bahasa kuno. Indo-Eropa menyebabkan populasi Eropa
(B) Ini berisi dua versi skrip hieroglif. Kuno ___
(C) Beberapa prasastinya telah diterjemahkan (A) terpisah menjadi suku yang berbeda
dalam beberapa bulan setelah penemuannya. (B) bergerak ke timur
(D) Sebagian besar prasastinya masih belum
(C) mengubah cara hidup mereka
diterjemahkan.
memperoleh
makanan
(D) mulai merekam peristiwa sejarah
dalam Tulisan

20. The author mentions the Balkans in the passage

in order to explain why _
(A) Indo-European languages were slow to
spread in Old Europe
(B) the inhabitants of Old Europe were not
able to prevent Indo-European
incursions
(C) the use of the Old European script
declined
(D) the Old European culture survived for a
time after the Indo-European incursions

20. Penulis menyebutkan Balkan di bagian untuk

menjelaskan mengapa _
(A) Bahasa Indo-Eropa lambat menyebar di Eropa
Kuno
(B) penduduk Eropa Lama tidak dapat mencegah

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 ENGLISH SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

serangan Indo-Eropa
(C) penggunaan aksara Eropa Kuno ditolak
(D) budaya Eropa Kuno bertahan untuk beberapa
waktu setelah serangan Indo-Eropa

UNESA 4
Question 21-30
1 The Homestead Act of 1862 gave beads of families or individuals aged twenty-one or older the right to
own 160 acres of public land in the western United States after five years of residence and improvement. This
law was intended to provide land for small farmers and to prevent land from being bought for resale
at a profit or being owned by large landholders. An early
5 amendment to the act even prevented husbands and wives from filing separate claims. The West, land
reformers had assumed, would soon contain many 160-acre family farms. They were doomed to
disappointment. Most landless Americans were too poor to become farmers even when they could obtain
land without cost. The expense of moving a family to the ever-receding frontier exceeded the means of many,
and the cost of tools, draft animals, a wagon, a well, fencing,
10 and of building the simplest house, might come to $1,000---a formidable barrier. As for the industrial
workers for whom the free land was supposed to provide a "safety valve, " they had neither the skills nor the
inclination to become farmers. Homesteaders usually came from districts not far removed from frontier
conditions. And despite the intent of the law, speculators often managed to obtain large tracts. They hired
people to stake out claims, falsely swear that
15 they had fulfilled the conditions laid down in the law for obtaining legal title, and then deed the land over
to their employers.
Furthermore, 160 acres were not enough for raising livestock or for the kind of commercial agriculture
that was developing west of the Mississippi. The national government made a feeble attempt to make larger
holdings available to homesteaders by passing the Timber Culture Act of
20 1873, which permitted individuals to claim an additional 160 acres if they would agree to plant a quarter of it in
trees within ten years. This law proved helpful to some farmers in the largely treeless states of Kansas,
Nebraska, and the Dakotas. Nevertheless, fewer than 25 percent of the 245,000 who took up land under the Act
obtained final title to the property.

21. Which aspect of the Homestead Act of 1862 does 23. The word " formidable " in line 10 is closest in
the passage mainly discuss? meaning to _
(A) How it transformed the western United (A) obvious
States into a place of small farms (B) predictable
(B) Why it was an improvement over (C) difficult
previous attempts at land reform (D) manageable
(C) Why it did not achieve its aim to
provide land for small farmers
24. It can be inferred that the "safety valve " in
(D) How it failed in the largely treeless states
of Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas line 11 refers to ___
(A) a new kind of machinery
(B) an alternative for urban workers
22. An amendment added to the Homestead Act of
(C) an area in a factory
1862 specified that
(D) a procedure designed to protect
(A) five years of residence was required for
workers
landownership
(B) husbands and wives could not file
25. The word " intent " in line 13 is closest in
separate claims
(C) the price of 160 acres of land was meaning to _
$1,000 (A) purpose
(D) land could not be resold for a profit (B) power
(C) effect
(D) invention
26. According to the passage, why did the to small farmers
government pass the Timber Culture Act of (B) To settle Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas
1873? (C) To encourage land speculation west of the
(A) To make larger tracts of land available Mississippi
(D) To increase the variety of trees
 growing in the western states
29. The passage mentions all of the following as
reasons the Homestead Act of 1862 did not
27. The word " they " in line 19 refers to ___
achieve its aims EXCEPT:
(A) larger holdings
(A) Most landless Americans could not
(B) individuals
afford the necessary tools and
(C) 160 acres
provisions.
(D) Trees
(B) Industrial workers lacked the
necessary fanning skills.
28. According to the passage, how many of the farmers (C) The farms were too large for single
who settled land under the Timber Culture Act of families to operate successfully.
1873 received final title to the property? (D) Homesteaders usually came from areas
(A) Fewer than 25% relatively close to the frontier.
(B) More than 160
(C) 10% per year 30. Which of the following can be inferred from the
(D) 245,000
passage about the Timber Culture Act of 1873?
(A) It especially helped farmers with large
holdings of land.
(B) It was most important to farmers living in
states that had plenty of trees.
(C) The majority of farmers did not benefit
significantly from it.
(D) The majority of farmers did not need the
extra 160 acres it provided.
Question 31-40
1 The peregrine falcon, a predatory bird indigenous to North America, was once in danger of
extinction. In the 1960s, scientists discovered byproducts of the pesticide DDT in the birds' eggs, which
caused them to be too soft to survive. The use of the pesticide had been banned in the United States, but
the falcons were eating migratory birds from other places where DDT was still used. In order to
5 increase the survival rate, scientists were raising the birds in laboratories and then releasing them into
mountainous areas. This practice achieved only moderate success, however, because many of the birds
raised in captivity could not survive in the wild.
There is now, however, a new alternative to releases in the wild. A falcon that has been given the
name Scarlett chose to make her home on a ledge of the 33rd floor of a Baltimore, Maryland, office
10 building rather than in the wild, and, to the surprise of the scientists, she has managed to live quite well
in the city. Following this example, programs have been initiated that release birds like Scarlett into
cities rather than into their natural wild habitat. These urban releases are becoming a common way to
strengthen the species. Urban homes have several benefits for the birds that wild spots do not. First,
there is an abundance of pigeons and small birds as food sources. The peregrine in the city is also
15 protected from its main predator, the great horned owl. Urban release programs have been very
successful in reestablishing the peregrine falcons along the East Coast. Though they are still an
endangered species, their numbers increased from about 60 nesting pairs in 1975 to about 700 pairs in
1992. In another decade the species may flourish again, this time without human help.

1. What is the main topic of the passage? 5. The word " releases" as used in line 8 most
(A) survival of peregrine falcons
probably means _ .
(B) releases into the wild
(A) internment
(C) endangered species
(B) regression
(D) harmful effects of pesticides
(C) distribution
(D) possessions
2. In line 3, the word " banned " could be best
replaced by __ _. 6. The word " ledge" in line 9 is closest in
(A) authorized
meaning to _ _.
(B) developed
(A) window
(C) disseminated
(B) wall
(D) prohibited
(C) terrace
(D) shelf
3. Which of the following words is closest in meaning
to the word " rate," as used in line 5? 7. According to the passage, which of the following is
(A) speed
NOT a reason why a falcon might choose to live in
(B) percentage
a city?
(C) continuation
(A) There are high places to nest.
(D) behavior
(B) There are other falcons nearby.
(C) There is a lack of predators.
4. Why were the peregrine falcons in danger?
(D) There is abundant food.
(A) because of pesticides used by American
farmers
(B) because they migrated to countries where 8. According to the passage, which of the
their eggs could not survive following are the falcon's main predators?
(C) because they ate birds from other (A) pigeons
countries where DDT was still used (B) rattlesnakes
(D) because they were prized by hunters and (C) owls
hunted to near extinction (D) humans
9. As used in line 13, the word "spots" could (A) places
best be replaced by _ (B) dilemmas
(C) jungles 10. According to the passage, where have the release
(D) materials
programs been the most successful?
(A) in office buildings
(B) on the East Coast
(C) in mountainous areas
(D) in the wild
Question 41-50
1 In 1903 the members of the governing board of the University of Washington in Seattle engaged a firm
of landscape architects, specialists in the design of outdoor environments-- Olmsted Brothers of Brookline,
Massachusetts-to advise them on an appropriate layout for the university grounds. The plan impressed
the university officials, and in time many of its
5 recommendations were implemented. City officials in Seattle, the largest city in the northwestern United States,
were also impressed, for they employed the same organization to study Seattle's public park needs. John
Olmsted did the investigation and subsequent report on Seattle's parks. He and his brothers believed that
parks should be adapted to the local topography, utilize the
area's trees and shrubs, and be available to the entire community. They especially emphasized the
10 need for natural, serene settings where hurried urban dwellers could periodically escape from the city. The
essence of the Olmsted park plan was to develop a continuous driveway, twenty miles long, that would tie
together a whole series of parks, playgrounds, and parkways. There would
be local parks and squares, too, but all of this was meant to supplement the major driveway,
which was to remain the unifying factor for the entire system.
15 In November of 1903 the city council of Seattle adopted the Olmsted Report, and it automatically
became the master plan for the city's park system. Prior to this report, Seattle's park development was
very limited and funding meager. All this changed after the report. Between 1907 and 1913, city
voters approved special funding measures amounting to
$4,000,000. With such unparalleled sums at their disposal, with the Olmsted guidelines to follow,
20 and with the added incentive of wanting to have the city at its best for the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition of
1909, the Parks Board bought aggressively. By 1913 Seattle had 25 parks amounting to 1,400 acres, as well
as 400 acres in playgrounds, pathways, boulevards, and triangles. More lands would be added in the future,
but for all practical purposes it was the great land surge of 1907-1913 that established Seattle's park system.

41. What does the passage mainly discuss? 44. The word " subsequent " in line 7 is closest in
(A) The planned development of Seattle's
meaning to _
public park system
(A) complicated
(B) The organization of the Seattle city
(B) alternate
government
(C) later
(C) The history of the Olmsted Brothers
(D) detailed
architectural firm
(D) The design and building of the
University of Washington campus 45. Which of the following statements about parks
does NOT reflect the views of the Olmsted
42. The word " engaged" in line 1 is closest in Brothers firm?
(A) They should be planted with trees that
meaning to _
grow locally.
(A) trained
(B) They should provide a quiet, restful
(B) hired
environment.
(C) described
(C) They should be protected by limiting
(D) evaluated
the number of visitors from the
community.
43. The ord “they” in line 5 refers to ___
(D) They should be designed to conform to the
a. City officials
topography of the area.
b. Environments
c. Specialists
d. Grounds
46. Why does the author mention " local parks and (A) To emphasize the difficulties facing
squares" in lines 12 when talking about the adoption of the plan
(B) To illustrate the comprehensive nature of the
Olmsted plan?
 plan
48. According to the passage, when was the Olmsted
(C) To demonstrate an omission in the
Report officially accepted as the master plan for
plan
the Seattle public park system?
(D) To describe Seattle's landscape prior to
implementation of the plan (A) 1903
(B) 1907
(C) 1909
47. Which of the following can be inferred from
(D) 1913
the passage about how citizens of Seattle received
the Olmsted Report?
49. The word " sums" in line 17 is closest in
(A) They were hostile to the report's
conclusions. meaning to _
(B) They ignored the Olmsteds' findings. (A) problems
(B) amounts
(C) They supported the Olmsteds' plans.
(C) services
(D) They favored the city council's seeking
advice from another firm. (D) debts

50. According to the passage, which of the

following was most directly influenced by the
Alaska-Yukon- Pacific Exposition?
(A) The University of Washington
(B) Brookline, Massachusetts
(C) The mayor of Seattle
(D) The Seattle Parks Board