Biologi 4551

Jun
2020
2 Jam

SEKOLAH MENENGAH NEGERI MELAKA

UJIAN DIAGNOSTIK TINGKATAN LIMA

SPM TAHUN 2020

BIOLOGI
Dua jam

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

Arahan
1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 3 bahagian. Jawab semua soalan.
2. Bahagian A jawab dengan menghitamkan satu ruangan sahaja bagi setiap soalan.
3. Bahagian B dan bahagian C jawab soalan pada ruangan yang disediakan.
4. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam Bahasa
Melayu.
5. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan dimaksudkan untuk memberi maklumat yang berguna
bagi menjawab soalan. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan
sebaliknya.
6. Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan adalah dibenarkan.

__________________________________________________________________________
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 33 halaman bercetak (termasuk muka hadapan)

1
 Section A
Bahagian A

1. What is the organelle that is involved in the formation of spindle fibres?

Apakah organel yang terlibat dalam pembentukan gentian gelendong?

A Nucleus/ Nucleus C Chromosome/ kromosom

B Golgi apparatus/Jasad Golgi D Centriole/ Sentriol

2. Diagram 1 shows the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur retikulum endoplasma kasar.

Diagram 1/ Rajah 1

What is the process that carried out by X?

Apakah proses yang dijalankan oleh X ?

A The photosynthesis C The detoxification of drugs and poisons

Fotosintesis Penyahtoksikan dadah dan racun

B The synthesis of proteins D The production of ATP

Sintesis protein Penghasilan ATP

3. Diagram 2 is a leaf of one species of plant.

Rajah 2 adalah daun satu spesis tumbuhan.

Diagram 2/Rajah 2

What is the stage of this lef in cell organisation of plant?

Apakah peringkat daun ini di dalam organisasi sel tumbuhan?

A Cell/Sel C Tissue/Tisu
B Organ/Organ D Organism/Organisma

2
4. Diagram 3 shows the main structures of the plasma membrane.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan struktur utama membran plasma.

Y
X Z

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3
What are X, Y and Z?
Apakah X, Y dan Z?

X Y Z
A Hydrophobic tail Hydrophilic head Carrier protein
Ekor hidrofobik Kepala hidrofilik Protein pembawa
B Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail Pore protein
Kepala hidrofilik Ekor hidrofobik Protein liang
C Hydrophobic tail Hydrophilic head Pore protein
Ekor hidrofobik Kepala hidrofilik Protein liang
D Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail Carrier protein
Kepala hidrofilik Ekor hidrofobik Protein pembawa

5. What is the type of lipid in progesterone, testosterone and oestrogen?

Apakah jenis lipid dalam progesteron, testosteron dan estrogen?

A Steroids / Steroid C Phospholipids / Fosfolipid

B Wax / Lilin D Oil / minyak

6. Which of the following represents the hydrolysis of protein?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah mewakili hidrolisis protein?

A Polypeptides → dipeptides + water

Polipeptida → dipeptida + air

B Dipeptides + water → polypeptides

Dipeptida + air → polipeptida

C Polypeptides + water → dipeptides

Polipeptida + air → dipeptide

D Dipeptides → polypeptides + water

3
 Dipeptida → polipeptida + air
7. Diagram 4 shows the mode of enzyme action.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan cara tindak balas enzim.

Diagram 4 / Rajah 4
Which part, A, B, C or D represents lipase?
Bahagian manakah, A, B, C atau D mewakili lipase?

8. Diagram 5 shows a cell cycle of an organism.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan kitar sel bagi suatu organisma.

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5
A respiratory inhibitor is introduced into the culture containing a dividing cell at phase Q.
Perencat respirasi diletakkan ke dalam kultur yang mengandungi sel yang sedang
membahagi pada fasa Q.
Which of the following will occur to the cell.
Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada sel tersebut?

A. The cell breaks down.

Sel tersebut terurai.
B. The cell increase in size.
Sel tersebut mengalami pertambahan saiz.
C. The cell fails to divide.
Sel tersebut gagal membahagi.
D. The cell double its number of chromosomes.
4
 Sel tersebut mengganda bilangan kromosom.
9. Diagram 6 shows a schematic diagram of a cell to produce four daughter cells.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan rajah skema satu sel untuk membentuk empat sel anak.

Diagram 6 /Rajah 6

What is the importance of the above process?

Apakah kepentingan proses di atas?

A To produce new cell

Untuk menghasilkan sel baru
B Application of clonning
Aplikasi pengklonan
C To repair damaged tissues
Untuk memperbaiki tisu yang telah rosak
D To produce gamete
Untuk menghasilkan gamet

10. Diagram 7 shows a phase during meiosis.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu fasa semasa meiosis.

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7
What is the significance of the phase shown?

5
 Apakah kepentingan fasa tersebut?
A. Produce daughter cell with equal number of chromosome as the parent cell.
Menghasilkan sel anak yang mempunyai bilangan kromosom yang sama dengan sel
induk.
B. Cause crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes.
Menyebabkan pindah silang berlaku antara kromosom homolog.
C. Halved the number of chromosome in each daughter cell.
Bilangan kromosom dalam sel anak menjadi separuh
D. Produce variation in gamete.
Menghasilkan variasi pada gamet.

11. Diagram 8 shows a type of techique used in the agricultural sector.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan sejenis teknik yang digunakan dalam sektor pertanian.

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8

What is the advantage of the technique above?

Apakah kelebihan teknik di atas?

A To produce more healthier plants

Menghasilkan tumbuhan yang lebih sihat
B Maintains the genetic materials of the chromosome in the plants
Mengekalkan bahan genetik kromosom dalam tumbuhan
C All the clones have different resistance towards diseases.
Semua klon mempunyai daya rintangan penyakit yang berbeza.
D Plants produced differ from parent’s cell.

6
 Tumbuhan yang terhasil berbeza dengan sel induk.
12. Diagram 9 shows a cell at one of the stage in mitosis.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu sel pada salah satu peringkat dalam mitosis.

Diagram 9/ Rajah 9

Which of the following is the cell produced by mitosis?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah sel yang dihasilkan daripada mitosis tersebut?

A C

B D

7
13. Diagram 10 shows a human digestive system.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia.

Diagram 10/ Rajah 10

Which of the labelled part, A, B, C or D, contains beneficial bacteria?

Antara bahagian berlabel A, B, C dan D, yang manakah mengandungi bakteria yang
berfaedah?

14. The following information is the result of an experiment to determine the energy value of a
peanut.
Maklumat yang berikut adalah keputusan satu kajian untuk menentukan nilai tenaga bagi
kacang tanah.

Mass of peanut 5g
Jisim kacang tanah
Volume of water 20 mℓ
Isi padu air
Initial temperature of water
25°C
Suhu awal air
Final temperature of water
40°C
Suhu akhir air
Energy used to increased 1 ○C
4.2 Jg-1○C
when 1g of food sample burned

Calculate the energy value of the peanut using the following formula:
Hitung nilai tenaga kacang tanah tersebut dengan menggunakan formula berikut:

A 252 J g−1 C 672 J g−1

8
 B 1092 J g−1 D 1260 J g−1
15. The process of photosynthesis that happens during the light reaction is shown in the
following chemical equation.
Proses fotosintesis yang berlaku semasa tindak balas cahaya ditunjukkan dalam
persamaan kimia berikut.

What happens if the light intensity is low?

Apakah yang berlaku jika keamatan cahaya rendah?

A The rate of photolysis of water increases C Less glucose is produced

Kadar fotolisis air bertambah Kurang glukosa dihasilkan
B The rate of starch production increases D More oxygen is released
Kadar penghasilan kanji bertambah Lebih banyak oksigen dibebaskan

16. Diagram 11 shows the pathway of nutrients to body cell.

Rajah 11 menunjukkan laluan nutrien ke sel badan.

Diagram 11/ Rajah 11

What is process P?
Apakah proses P?

A Hydrolysis C Assimilation
Hidrolis Asimilasi
B Deamination D Detoxification
9
 Pendeaminaan Penyahtoksikan
17. Diagram 12 shows a part of the respiratory structure of an insect.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada struktur respirasi bagi seekor serangga.

Diagram 12/ Rajah 12

What are substances P and Q?
Apakah bahan P dan Q?

P Q
A Oxygen/ Oksigen Carbon dioxide/ Karbon dioksida
B Carbon dioxide/ Karbon dioksida Water/ Air
C Water/ Air Glucose/ Glukosa
D Carbon dioxide/ Karbon dioksida Oxygen/ Oksigen

18. Diagram 13 shows an equation for an aerobic respiration.

Rajah 13 menunjukkan suatu persamaan bagi respirasi aerob.

Diagram 13/ Rajah 13

What are V, W, X, Y and Z?

Apakah V, W, X, Y dan Z?

V W X Y Z
A Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen ATP
Karbon dioksida Air Glukosa Oksigen ATP
B Glucose Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water ATP
Glukosa Oksigen Karbon dioksida Air ATP
C ATP Water Carbon dioxide Glucose Oxygen
ATP Air Karbon dioksida Glukosa Oksigen
D Glucose Carbon dioxide Oxygen ATP Water
Glukosa Karbon dioksida Oksigen ATP Air

10
19. Diagram 14 shows an experiment to investigate the yeast respiration.
Rajah 14 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji respirasi yis.

Diagram 14/ Rajah 14

Which mixture that can increase the rate of respiration of yeast?

Campuran yang manakah dapat meningkatkan kadar respirasi yis?

A 1 g of yeast and 25 mℓ of 3% glucose solution

1 g yis dan 25 mℓ larutan glukosa 3%
B 1 g of yeast and 25 mℓ of 7% glucose solution
1 g yis dan 25 mℓ larutan glukosa 7%
C 1 g of yeast and 25 mℓ of 10% glucose solution
1 g yis dan 25 mℓ larutan glukosa 10%
D 1 g of yeast and 25 mℓ of 13% glucose solution
1 g yis dan 25 mℓ larutan glukosa 13%

20. Diagram 15 shows an organism.

Rajah 15 menunjukkan satu organisma.

Diagram 15/ Rajah 15

Which of the following is the kingdom for this organism?

Antara berikut, yang manakah alam bagi organisma ini?

A Fungi/ Fungi C Monera/ Monera

B Protista / Protista D Plantae/Plantae
11
21. Diagram 16 shows a process of colonisation and succession in a pond.
Rajah 16 menunjukkan proses pengkolonian dan sesaran dalam sebuah kolam.

Diagram 16 / Rajah 16

Choose the correct sequence a process of colonisation and succession in a pond.

Pilih urutan yang betul bagi proses pengkolonian dan sesaran dalam sebuah kolam.

A Z→W→Y→X
B X→Z→Y→W
C W→X→Y→Z
D X→W→Z→Y

12
22. A group of students carried out an experiment to estimate the population of beetles in the
school field.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan suatu eksperimen untuk menganggar populasi sejenis
kumbang di padang sekolah.
The result of the experiment is shown in the Table 1.
Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan pada Jadual 1.

Capture Number of beetles captured

Tangkapan Bilangan kumbang yang ditangkap
Marked/ Bertanda Unmarked/ Tidak bertanda
First/ Pertama 35 -
Second/ Kedua 10 30

Table 1 / Jadual 1

Calculate the population size of the beetle.

Hitung saiz populasi kumbang itu.

A 750 C 114
B 140 D 100

23. Table 2 shows the time taken for decolourisation of methylene blue solution which was
added into four water samples.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan masa yang diperlukan untuk melunturkan warna larutan metilena
biru yang telah ditambahkan ke dalam empat sampel air.

Water sample Time taken( hours)

Sampel air Masa yang diambil(jam)

L 7
M 5
N 3
P 12

Table 2 / Jadual 2

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of level of water pollution from the
most polluted to the least polluted according to the information in Table 2?
Antara berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan urutan yang betul tahap pencemaran dalam
empat sampel air itu daripada yang paling tercemar kepada yang paling kurang tercemar
berdasarkan maklumat dalam jadual 2?

A P, L, M, N C L, P, N, M
B N, M, L, P D M, P, N, L

13
24. The following information shows steps in the reactions during the destruction of the
ozone layer.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan langkah-langkah dalam tindak balas semasa pemusnahan
lapisan ozon .

T Chlorine atom reacts with ozone to produce chlorine monoxide and

oxygen molecules
Atom klorin bertindak balas dengan ozon untuk menghasilkan klorin
monoksida dan molekul oksigen
U Free oxygen atom will break the chlorine monoxide bond
Atom oksigen bebas akan memutuskan ikatan klorin monoksida
V Ultra violet ray breaks the chlorine chemical bond in CFC to
produce free chlorine atom
Sinar ultra ungu memutuskan ikatan kimia klorin dalam CFC untuk menghasilkan
atom klorin bebas
W Free chlorine atom repeats the chain reaction
Atom klorin bebas mengulangi tindak balas rantai

Which of the following sequences of steps is correct during ozone destruction?

Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan langkah yang betul semasa pemusnahan ozon ?

A T, V, U, W C V, T, U, W
B U, T, V, W D V, U, T, W

25. Which of the statement is correct during the blood clotting mechanism?
Penyataan manakah yang betul semasa mekanisme pembekuan darah?

A Platelets secrete thrombokinase to convert thrombin into prothrombin

Platlet merembeskan trombokinase untuk menukarkan thrombin kepada protrombin
B Fibrinogen forms mesh of networks over the wound
Fibrinogen membentuk jaringan pada luka
C Calcium ion converts the fibrinogen into fibrin
Ion kalsium menukarkan fibrinogen kepada fibrin
D Thrombine catalyses the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin
Thrombin merangsang penukaran fibrinogen kepada fibrin

26. A hunter was bitten by snake and sent to the hospital and he received an injection of anti-
toxin. A few months later, he was bitten again by the same type of the snake and he
received second injection of anti-toxin.

Seorang pemburu telah dipatuk ular dan dihantar ke hospital dan dia telah menerima
suntikan anti-toxin. Beberapa bulan selepas itu, dia sekali lagi dipatuk oleh ular dari jenis
yang sama dan dia menerima suntikan anti-toxin yang kedua.
Why does he needs the second injection?
Mengapakah dia memerlukan suntikan kedua?

14
 A Because it is a temporary immunity
Kerana ia adalah imuniti sementara
B Because anti-toxin contains specific antibodies
Kerana anti-toxin mengandungi antibodi spesifik
C Because the antibody in his body has destroyed
Kerana antibodi dalam badannya telah musnah
D Because it will stimulate the body to produce more antibodies
Kerana ia akan merangsang badan untuk menghasilkan antibodi yang lebih banyak

27. In a bark-ringing experiment, a complete ring bark is removed from a stem of a woody
plant. After two months, the leaves start to fall and the plant eventually dies.
Dalam satu eksperimen penggelangan kulit pokok, gelang kulit yang lengkap dibuang
daripada batang pokok berkayu. Selepas dua bulan, daun-daun mula gugur dan pokok
tersebut akhirnya mati.
What is the best explanation that explains the observation above ?
Apakah penjelasan terbaik yang menerangkan pemerhatian diatas?

A No sugar is transported to the roots

Tiada gula diangkut ke akar
B Water and sugar seep out from the ring of the bark
Air dan gula meresap keluar dari tempat yang digelang
C Senescence of the tree occurs
Penuaan pokok berlaku
D Leaves fall due to autumn season
Daun gugur disebabkan musim luruh

28. Diagram 17 shows X and Y which joint the clavicle.

Rajah 17 menunjukkan tulang X dan Y yang bersendi dengan tulang klavikel.

Diagram 17/ Rajah 17

What is bone X and Y?
Apakah tulang X dan Y?

X Y
A Sternum/ Sternum Scapula/ Skapula
B Sternum/ Sternum Rib/ Tulang rusuk
C Scapula/ Skapula Rib/ Tulang rusuk
D Humerus/ Humerus Sternum/ Sternum

15
29. Diagram 18 shows a lumbar vertebra
Rajah 18 menunjukkan vertebra lumbar

Diagram 18/ Rajah 18

What is the difference between lumbar vertebra and other vertebrae?

Apakah perbezaan antara vertebra lumbar dengan vertebra-vertebra yang lain?

A It has a long spinous process and directed downwards

Ia mempunyai cuaran spina yang panjang dan mengarah ke bawah
B It has a large centrum
Ia mempunyai sentrum yang besar
C It has vertebral foramen
Ia mempunyai salur saraf
D It has transverse foramen on each tranverse process
Ia mempunyai salur arteri vertebra yang terletak pada cuaran melintang

30. Diagram 19 shows a type of tissue X, attached to the pelvic girdle and the femur.
Rajah 19 menunjukkan sejenis tisu X, yang menyambungkan lengkungan pelvis
dan femur.

Diagram 19/ Rajah 19

16
 T: Inelastic
Tidak elastic
U: A type of connective tissue
Sejenis tisu penghubung
V: Holds two bones together
Menyambungkan dua tulang bersama
S: Allows bones to move at the joint
Membenarkan pergerakan berlaku pada sendi

Which of the statements T, U, V and S is true about tissue X?

Antara pernyataan T,U, V dan S, yang manakah benar tentang tisu X?

A T and U C T, U, and V
T dan U T,U dan V
B U and V D U, V, and S
U dan V U,V dan S

17
 Section B/ Bahagian B

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the level of cell organisation of humans.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan aras organisasi sel manusia.

Tissue K Tissue L Tissue M

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
1. (a) Name system P.
Namakan sistem P.

P : ……………………………………………………………
[1 mark]/ [1 markah]

18
(b) (i) Diagram 1.2 shows three types of tissue that are found in system P.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan tiga jenis tisu yang terdapat pada sistem P.

Match the types of tissue correctly.

Padankan jenis tisu tersebut dengan betul.

Tissue Type of tissue

 Cardiac muscle tissue/

Tissue K/Tisu K Tisu otot kardiak

 Connective tissue/
Tisu penghubung
Tissue L/Tisu L

Tissue M/Tisu M

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2
[2marks]/[2 markah]

(ii) State the level of cell organisation shown in level T.

Nyatakan aras organisasi sel yang ditunjukkan dalam aras T.
Give one reason for the answer.
Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan tersebut.

...........................................................................................................................................................

19
 ...........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]/[2 markah]
(c) Explain why mitochondria are found abundantly in tissue K.
Terangkan mengapa mitokondria didapati dengan banyak dalam tisu K.

...........................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[2marks]/[2 markah]

(d) Diagram 1.3 shows an Amoeba sp. found in freshwater pond.

Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan Amoeba sp. yang dijumpai dalam sebuah kolam air tawar.

Diagram 1.3/ Rajah 1.3

(i) Explain why the water content in M increases when the Amoeba sp. is in fresh water
pond.
Terangkan mengapa kandungan air di dalam M bertambah apabila Amoeba sp. berada
dalam kolam air tawar.

...........................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]/ [2 markah]
(i) In an activity, a student places the Amoeba sp. in a 15% salt solution.
Predict what happens to the Amoeba sp. Explain your answer.
Dalam satu aktiviti, seorang pelajar meletakkan Amoeba sp. itu dalam larutan
garam 15%.
Ramalkan apakah yang berlaku kepada Amoeba sp. itu. Terangkan jawapan anda.

20
 Prediction : ………………………………………...................................................
Ramalan :
Explanation : ...................................................................................................................

Penerangan : .....................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
[3 marks]/ [3 markah]

2. Diagram 2 shows part of a nitrogen cycle.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebahagian kitar nitrogen.

Nitrogen in the atmosphere

DIAGRAM
Nitrogen dalam atmosfera

21
 Nitrogen fixation by Organism R
microorganisms in plant P Organisma R
Pengikatan nitrogen oleh
mikroorganisma dalam
tumbuhan P

Substance Q
Bahan Q

Nitrogenous
compounds in plants
Nitrites Sebatian nitrogen
Nitrit dalam tumbuhan

Process Y
Proses Y

Ammonium compounds Nitrogenous compounds

Sebatian ammonium in animals
Sebatian nitrogen dalam
haiwan

Diagram 2/ Rajah 2
a) Name P, Q and R
Namakan P, Q dan R.

................................................................................................................................................. :P
................................................................................................................................................. :Q
R: .................................................................................................................................................
[3marks]/ [3 markah]

(b) (i ) Name the microorganism that is involved in the nitrogen cycle and lives in plant P.
Namakan mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam kitar nitrogen dan tinggal dalam
tumbuhan P.

................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]/ [1 markah]

22
 (ii) Besides nitrogen fixation by microorganisms, name a natural phenomenon which is also
able to convert nitrogen in the atmosphere to substance Q.
Selain daripada pengikatan nitrogen oleh mikroorganisma, namakan satu fenomena
semulajadi yang boleh menukarkan nitrogen dalam atmosfera kepada bahan Q.

...................................................................................................................................................
.
[1 mark]/ [1
markah]
(c) Microorganisms are involved in process Y.
Mikroorganisma terlibat dalam proses Y.
(i) Name one type of microorganism which is involved in process Y.
Namakan sejenis mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam proses Y.

................................................................................................................................................
. [1 mark]/ [1
markah]
(ii) Explain the role of the microorganism in ( c)(i)
Terangkan peranan mikroorganisma dalam (c)(i)

.....................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
.....

....................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
....
[3 marks]/ [3
markah]

(d) Explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects the growth of the plants.
Terangkan bagaimana kekurangan Q dalam tanah memberi kesan terhadap pertumbuhan tumbuhan.

.........................................................................................................................................................……..

.........................................................................................................................................................……..

........................................................................................................................................................……...

........................................................................................................................................................……..
[ 3 marks]/ [3
markah]

3. Diagram 3.1 show the structure of muscle which involve a forearm movement.

23
 Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan struktur otot yang terlibat dalam pergerakan di lengan.

Diagram 3.1/Rajah 3.1

(a) Name parts of a human muscle labeled P and Q.

Namakan bahagian otot manusia yang berlabel P dan Q.

P: …………………………………………………………………

Q: ……………………………………………………………… …
[2 marks/[2 markah]

(b) Diagram 4.2 and Diagram 4.3 show different positions of a human forearm during a
movement.
Rajah 4.2 dan Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan kedudukan yang berlainan bagi lengan manusia
dalam satu pergerakan.

Diagram 3.2 /Rajah 3.2 Diagram 3.3/ Rajah 3.3

24
(i) Named a pair of antagonis muscle which is involve in a movement above.
Namakan pasangan otot antagonis yang terlibat di dalam pergerakan di atas.

……………………………………………………………………………………………....

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]/ [2 markah]

(ii) Explain how the change of forearm movement from situation in Diagram 3.2 to Diagram
3.3.

Terangkan bagaimana perubahan pergerakan lengan dari keadaan dalam Rajah 3.2
ke Rajah 3.3

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………

..……………………………………………………………………………………………..

.……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[3 marks]/ [3 markah]

(iii) Name type of joint X and explain how joint X allow the movement at Diagram 3.2 and
Diagram 3.3
Namakan jenis sendi X dan terangkan bagaimana jenis sendi X membenarkan pergerakan
di Rajah 3.2 dan Rajah 3.3.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks/ [2 markah]

25
(c) Diagram 3.4 show the change of muscle size in human leg because of one type of genetic
disease .
Rajah 3.4 menunjukkan perubahan otot rangka seorang individu kerana beliau menghidapi
sejenis penyakit genetik.

Diagram 3.4/ Rajah 3.4

Explain the effect of this genetic disease on the function of skeleton system.
Terangkan kesan penyakit genetik tersebut terhadap fungsi sistem rangkanya.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks/ [3 markah]

26
 Section C/ Bahagian C
Answer all questions/ Jawab semua soalan

1. If a large glob of food is swallowed, only

the outer portion of it will be easily
accessible for digestive enzymes and
stomach acid to break down. The physical
process of chewing food in the mouth helps
to break down larger particles of food into
smaller particles that are more easily
digested. It will increase the surface area for
enzyme action in the stomach and even in
the mouth where digestion starts. This also
makes it easier for the intestines to absorb
nutrients and energy from the food particles
as they pass through, while also preventing
improperly digested food from entering the
blood and causing a wide range of adverse effects to health such as acid reflux.
Sekiranya makanan yang besar ditelan, hanya bahagian luarnya yang mudah dicernakan
oleh enzim dan asid perut anda. Proses fizikal mengunyah makanan di dalam mulut
membantu memecah zarah makanan yang lebih besar kepada zarah-zarah yang lebih kecil
agar lebih mudah dicerna. Ia akan meningkatkan luas permukaan untuk tindakan enzim di
dalam perut dan juga di mulut di mana pencernaan bermula. Ini juga menjadikan lebih
mudah bagi usus untuk menyerap nutrien dan tenaga dari zarah makanan ketika mereka
lalui, juga menghalang makanan yang tidak dicerna dari memasuki darah dan
menyebabkan banyak kesan buruk pada kesihatan seperti refluks asid.

Enzymes in potatoes are a type of catalysts. When a piece of potato is placed into a
hydrogen peroxide solution, enzymes from the piece of potato will decompose hydrogen
peroxide compounds and produce oxygen that appears as bubbles.
Enzim dalam kentang adalah sejenis pemangkin. Apabila sekeping kentang dimasukkan ke
dalam larutan hidrogen peroksida, enzim dari sekeping kentang akan menguraikan
sebatian hidrogen peroksida dan menghasilkan oksigen dalam bentuk gelembung gas.

Based on the above information, a group of students carried out an investigation to study
the effect of the total surface area to volume (TSA/V) ratio on the rate of enzyme reaction.
Berdasarkan kepada maklumat di atas, sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan siasatan
untuk mengkaji kesan jumlah luas permukaan kepada isipadu ke atas kadar tindakbalas
enzim.

27
 Diagram1.1/Rajah 1.1

Diagram 1.2/Rajah 1.2

These were the steps that have been carried out.

Berikut adalah antara langkah-langkah yang telah dijalankan .

Step 1 : Four potato cubes, with the same size and volume, Cube P, Q, R and S
are prepared with measurement of 3 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm as shown in Diagram 1.1
Empat kiub kentang yang sama saiz dan isipadu, kuib P, Q,R dan S berukuran
3 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm disediakan.

Step 2 : Cube Q is then being cut into 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm, to produce 8 small
potato cubes
Kiub Q kemudianya dipotong kepada 8 kiub kentang kecil berukuran
1.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm

Step 3 : Cube R is cut into 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm, to produce 27 small potato cubes.

Kiub R kemudianya dipotong kepada 27 kiub kentang kecil berukuran
1 cm x 1 cm x 1cm.

Step 4 : Cube S is cut into 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm, to produce 108 small potato cubes.
Kiub S kemudianya dipotong kepada 108 kiub kentang kecil berukuran
0.5 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.5cm.

Step 5 : Potato cubes P, Q, R and S are placed into different measuring cylinder.
Kiub kentang P, Q, R dan S dimasukkan ke dalam silinder penyukat yang
berbeza.

Step 6 :50 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide solution is then poured into each measuring
cylinder containing potato cubes at the same time as shown in Diagram 1.2.

28
 50 cm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida dituang ke dalam setiap selinder penyukat
yang mengandungi kiub kentang dalam masa yang sama seperti ditunjukkan
dalam Rajah 1.2.
Step 7 : The stopwatch is started immediately.
Jam randik dimulakan serta merta.

Step 8 : After 30 seconds, measure the volume of the bubbles produced in each
measuring cylinders.
Selepas 30 saat, isipadu gelembung gas yang dihasilkan dalam setiap silinder
penyukat diukur.

The results are recorded in Table 1.

Keputusan kajian direkodkan dalam Jadual 1.

Volume of bubbles produced/Isipadu gelembung gas

Cube
terhasil (cm3)

29
 S

Table 1/ Jadual 1

1. (a) Record volume of bubbles produced in the space provided in Table 1.

Catatkan isipadu gelembung gas yang dihasilkan pada ruang yang disediakan dalam
Jadual 1.
[3 marks]/ [3 markah]

(b) (i) State two different observations made from the diagrams in Table 1.
Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza yang dibuat daripada rajah di Jadual 1.

Observation 1 / Pemerhatian 1:

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

Observation 2 / Pemerhatian 2:

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]/ [3 markah]

(ii) State the inferences from the observations in 1 (b) (i).

Nyatakan inferens daripada pemerhatian di 1 (b) (i).

Inference from observation 1 / Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1:

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

30
 Inference from observation 2 / Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2:

...........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

[3 marks]/ [3 markah]

(c) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment.

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Variable Method to handle the variable

Pembolehubah Cara mengendali pembolehubah
Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan

................................................. .......................................................................

................................................ .......................................................................

................................................ .......................................................................

Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerak balas

............................................... ........................................................................

................................................. ........................................................................

................................................. .......................................................................

Constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan

................................................. .....................................................................

................................................ ........................................................................

................................................. .......................................................................

Table 2
Jadual 2
[3 marks]/ [3 markah]

31
(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]/ [3 markah]
(e) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam eksperimen ini.

Your table should have the following aspects:

Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

 Potato cube

Kiub kentang

 Total surface area per volume ratio

Nisbah jumlah luas permukaan per isipadu

 Volume of bubbles produced

Isipadu gelembung gas yang dihasilkan

 Rate of enzymes reaction

Kadar tindakbalas enzim

Rate of enzymes reaction = Volume of bubble produced

Time

Kadar tindakbalas enzim = Isipadu gelembung gas dihasilkan

Masa

32
 [3 marks]/ [3 markah]
(f) Based on the experiment, state the operational definition for rate of enzymes reaction.
Berdasarkan kepada eksperimen di atas, nyatakan definisi secara operasi
bagi kadar tindakbalas enzim.

.......................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]/ [3 markah]

(g) This experiment is repeated by using frozen potato cubes measuring 1.0 cm x 1.0 cm x
1.0 cm. Predict the rate of enzymes reaction. Explain your prediction.
Eksperimen ini diulangi dengan menggunakan kiub kentang yang dibekukan berukuran
1.0 cm x 1.0 cm x 1.0 cm. Ramalkan kadar tindakbalas enzim. Terangkan ramalan anda.

..........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]/ [3 markah]

END OF PAPER

33
Total surface area per volume
ratio/Nisbah luas permukaan per
isipadu (cm-1)
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

34