Dengan Asma Allah

Yang Maha Rahman Maha Rahim

 Imam Ibnu Qudâmah Al-Maqdisy t

‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬
‘Umdatul Fiqh
(Pedoman Ilmu Fiqih)

Disertai dengan Pilar-Pilar Pembahasan Kitab

oleh
Dzulqarnain M. Sunusi
 iv

Judul Asli
‫ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬
Penulis
Abdullah bin Ahmad Ibnu Qudâmah Al-Maqdisy Al-Hanbaly

Judul
‘Umdatul Fiqh (Pedoman Ilmu Fiqih)
Penyusun Pilar-Pilar Pembahasan
Dzulqarnain M. Sunusi

Editor
Tim Redaksi Pustaka As-Sunnah
Desain Sampul
Fairuz Design
Pewajahan Isi

Cetakan
Pertama, Jumadil Akhir 1433 H/Mei 2012 M

Penerbit
Pustaka As-Sunnah
Jl. Baji Rupa No. 8 Makassar
Indonesia, 90224
Telp./Fax. 0411-853487
Hp. 0853 4212 0022

Pemasaran
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Blok Y 13 No. 12 Bojong Kulur
Gunung Putri, Bogor, Jawa Barat
Hp. 0813 8308 5985
 v

Daftar Isi

Copy Righy --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv

Daftar Isi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- v
Pendahuluan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xiii
Muqaddimah ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Kitab Thaharah --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Bab Hukum-Hukum Seputar Air ---------------------------------------------------------- 2
Bab Bejana-Bejana ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Bab Penunaian Hajat ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
Bab Wudhu --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Bab Tentang Mengusap di Atas Kedua Khuf ------------------------------------------ 9
Bab Pembatal-Pembatal Wudhu ------------------------------------------------------------ 11
Bab Mandi Janabah -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
Bab Tayammum ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13
Bab Haid ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15
Bab Nifas ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18

Kitab Shalat ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19

Bab Adzan dan Iqamah -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
Bab Syarat-Syarat Shalat ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21
Bab Adab Tentang Berjalan Menuju Pelaksanaan Shalat ---------------------- 24
 vi

Bab Sifat Shalat ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25

Bab Rukun-Rukun dan Kewajiban-Kewajiban Shalat -------------------------- 29
Bab Sujud Sahwi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 31
Bab Shalat Tathawwu’ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
Bab Waktu-Waktu Terlarang dalam Pelaksanaan Shalat ---------------------- 36
Bab Keimaman Shalat --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
Bab Shalat bagi Orang Sakit ------------------------------------------------------------------ 38
Bab Shalat bagi Musafir ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
Bab Shalat Khauf ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
Bab Shalat Jum’at ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
Bab Shalat Id ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

Kitab Jenazah ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 46

Kitab Zakat --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
Bab Zakat Hewan Ternak ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
Bab Zakat Hasil Bumi --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
Bab Zakat Barang Berharga ------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
Bab Hukum Zakat Piutang ------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
Bab Zakat Barang Niaga ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
Bab Zakat Fitri -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
Bab Pengeluaran Zakat ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
Bab Golongan Penerima Zakat ------------------------------------------------------------- 58
Bab Golongan yang Tidak Boleh Menerima Zakat ------------------------------ 59

Kitab Puasa -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61

Bab Hukum-Hukum bagi Orang yang Tidak Berpuasa Ramadhan ----------- 62
Bab Hal-Hal yang Merusak Puasa -------------------------------------------------------------- 63
 vii

Bab Puasa Sunnah ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64

Bab I’tikaf --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65

Kitab Haji [dan Umrah] ------------------------------------------------------- 67

Bab Miqat-Miqat ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68
Bab Ihram --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68
Bab Hal-Hal Terlarang dalam Ihram ---------------------------------------------------- 70
Bab Fidyah -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72
Bab Tentang Memasuki Makkah ---------------------------------------------------------- 73
Bab Sifat Haji ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75
Bab Amalan Setelah Tahallul ----------------------------------------------------------------- 78
Bab Rukun-Rukun Haji dan Umrah ---------------------------------------------------- 80
Bab Hadyu dan Udh-hiyah --------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
Bab Aqiqah ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83

Kitab Jual-Beli ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 84

Bab Riba ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86
Bab Jual-Beli Pepohonan dan Buah-Buahan ------------------------------------------ 87
Bab Khiyâr --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
Bab As-Salâm ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89
Bab Qardh ‘Peminjaman’ [dan Selainnya] -------------------------------------------- 89
Bab Hukum-Hukum Seputar Utang ---------------------------------------------------- 90
Bab Hawâlah dan Dhamân -------------------------------------------------------------------- 91
Bab Rahn ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 92
Bab Shulh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93
Bab Wakâlah ‘Pewakilan’ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 94
Bab Perserikatan ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95
 viii

Bab Musâqâh dan Muzâra’ah ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 96

Bab Penghidupan Lahan ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 97
Bab Ju’âlah --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98
Bab Luqathah ‘Barang Temuan’ ------------------------------------------------------------ 98
Bab Perlombaan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100
Bab Wadî’ah ‘Barang Titipan’ --------------------------------------------------------------- 101

Kitab Ijârah ‘Sewa-Menyewa’ ----------------------------------------------- 102

Bab Perampasan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 103
Bab Syuf’ah -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 105

Kitab Waqaf ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 107

Bab Hibah --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108
Bab Pemberian Orang Sakit ------------------------------------------------------------------

Kitab Wasiat ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 111

Bab Penerima Wasiat ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 113

Kitab Pewarisan ------------------------------------------------------------------- 116

Bab Hajb ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 120
Bab Ashabah ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 120
Bab Dzawil Arhâm -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 121
Bab Ushûlul Masâ`il (Pokok Perhitungan) -------------------------------------------- 122
Bab Radd ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 122
Bab Tashhîhul Masâ`il (Penyelarasan Pokok Perhitungan) ------------------- 123
Bab Munâsakhât ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 124
Bab Penghalang-Penghalang Pewarisan ------------------------------------------------ 124
 ix

Bab Aneka Ragam Masalah ------------------------------------------------------------------- 125

Bab Walâ` --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 126
Bab Pewarisan Karena Walâ` --------------------------------------------------------------- 128
Bab ‘Itq ‘Pembebasan Budak’ ---------------------------------------------------------------- 128
Bab Tadbîr --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 129
Bab Mukâtab ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 130
Bab Hukum-Hukum Ummu Walad ------------------------------------------------------ 132

Kitab Nikah ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 133

Bab Pewalian Nikah ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 134
Bab Perempuan yang Haram Dinikahi ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 136

Kitab Radhâ’ ‘Persusuan’ ----------------------------------------------------- 140

Bab Pernikahan dengan Orang Kafir ---------------------------------------------------- 142
Bab Syarat-Syarat dalam Pernikahan ---------------------------------------------------- 143
Bab Aib-Aib yang Mem-Faskh ‘Membatalkan’ Pernikahan ------------------ 144

Kitab Shadâq ‘Mahar’ ---------------------------------------------------------- 146

Bab Mu’âsyaratun Nisâ` ‘Mempergauli Para Istri’ -------------------------------- 148
Bab Pembagian dan Nusyûz ‘Pembangkangan’ ------------------------------------- 149
Bab Khul’ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 151

Kitab Talak -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 153

Bab Talak Sharîh dan Talak Kinâyah ---------------------------------------------------- 154
Bab Penggantungan Talak dengan Syarat --------------------------------------------- 155
Bab Hal-Hal yang Diperselisihkan Berupa Jumlah Talak dan Selainnya156
Bab Rujuk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 156
 x

Bab Iddah ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 158

Bab Ihdad ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 160
Bab Penafkahan kepada Perempuan Iddah ------------------------------------------- 160
Bab Istibrâ` Para Budak ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 161

Kitab Zhihâr ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 162

Kitab Li’ân --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 163
Bab Hadhânah --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 165
Bab Penafkahan kepada Kerabat dan Budak ----------------------------------------- 165
Bab Walimah ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 166

Kitab Makanan-Makanan ----------------------------------------------------- 167

Bab Dzakâh ‘Penghalalan’ --------------------------------------------------------------------- 168

Kitab Shaid ‘Hewan Buruan’ ----------------------------------------------- 171

Bab Mudhtharr ‘Orang yang Terdesak’ ------------------------------------------------- 172
Bab Nadzar ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 172

Kitab Sumpah-Sumpah -------------------------------------------------------- 174

Bab Jâmi’ul Aimân ‘Kumpulan Pembahasan Pokok Tentang Sumpah’ 175
Bab Kaffarah Sumpah --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 176

Kitab Jinayah ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 178

Bab Syarat Kewajiban dan Ketentuan Penyelenggaraan Qishash ---------- 179
Bab Perserikatan dalam Pembunuhan -------------------------------------------------- 181
Bab Qawad terhadap Luka-Luka ---------------------------------------------------------- 182
 xi

Kitab Diyah -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 184

Bab ‘Âqilah dan Tanggungannya ---------------------------------------------------------- 185
Bab Diyah Luka-Luka --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 186
Bab Syijâj dan Selainnya ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 187
Bab Kaffarah Pembunuhan ------------------------------------------------------------------- 188
Bab Qasamah ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 189

Kitab Hudud ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 190

Bab Had Zina ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 192
Bab Had Qadzaf ‘Tuduhan’ ------------------------------------------------------------------ 192
Bab Had Muskir ‘Hal yang Memabukkan’ ------------------------------------------- 193
Bab Had Pencurian ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 194
Bab Had Muhâribûn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 194
Bab Pembunuhan Bâghîn/Bughât -------------------------------------------------------------- 196
Bab Hukum Murtad ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 196

Kitab Jihad --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 198

Bab Anfâl ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 200
Bab Ghanimah dan Pembagiannya ------------------------------------------------------- 201
Bab Jaminan Keamanan ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 203
Bab Jizyah --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 205

Kitab Qadha ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 206

Bab Sifat Perhukuman -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 207
Bab Pertentangan Tuntutan ------------------------------------------------------------------ 208
Bab Hukum Tulisan Qadhi ------------------------------------------------------------------ 209
Bab Qismah ‘Pembagian’ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 210
 xii

Kitab Syahadat (Persaksian) ------------------------------------------------- 212

Bab Orang yang Persaksiannya Ditolak ----------------------------------------------- 213
Bab Syahadat di Atas Syahadat Serta Rujuk terhadap Hal Itu -------------- 214
Bab Sumpah dalam Penuntutan ------------------------------------------------------------ 216
Bab Iqrâr ‘Pengakuan Akan Suatu Hak’ ----------------------------------------------- 217

2y1
 xiii

‫ ِﺣﻴ ِﻢ‬‫ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺍﻟﺮ‬

ِ ‫ﺴ ِﻢ ﺍ‬
 ‫ِﺑ‬
Pendahuluan

،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ ﹶﻥ‬

 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﱠ‬ ،‫ﻢ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻠ ِﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﱠ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
 ‫ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬ‬،‫ﺮ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﺩ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ،‫ﻌ ِﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻀ ِﻞ‬
 ‫ﷲ ِﺫﻱ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ‬
ِ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﺩ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺷ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻩ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ُ ‫ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﺤ ﹶﻜ ِﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﺾ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻮﺍ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻃ ﹶﻠ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹸﺃﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺠ ِﻢ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻮﹸﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺪﺍ ﻋ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ،‫ﻬ ِﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹰﺓ ِﻣ‬‫ﺒﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬
1
.‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﱠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
 ‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺁِﻟ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‬
 ،‫ﻮ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﻖ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹸﻗ‬‫ﺪﻯ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻣ ِﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ‬
Amma ba’du,
.

Menuntut ilmu agama merupakan nikmat Allah yang teragung untuk

seorang hamba. Keutamaan dan kebaikan menuntut ilmu agama adalah hal yang
dimaklumi oleh setiap muslim dan muslimah.
Cukuplah kita mengingat sabda Rasulullah n,
‫ﻳ ِﻦ‬‫ﻪ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﻔﻘﱢ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﷲ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬
ُ ‫ﻳ ِﺮ ِﺩ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
“Barangsiapa yang Allah kehendaki kebaikan kepadanya, (Allah) akan menjadikan
dia faqih dalam agama.” 2
.

Juga, di antara nikmat Allah kepada umat Islam adalah bahwa Allah
menjadikan agama ini sebagai agama yang dimudahkan: dalam tuntunan dan
syariatnya, dalam pelaksanaan dan pengamalannya, serta dalam mempelajari dan
mendalaminya. Telah benar Allah
dalam firman-Nya,

1
Khutbah pendahuluan Imam Bahâ`uddin Abdurrahman bin Ibrahim Al-Maqdisy dalam kitab
beliau, Al-‘Uddah Fî Syarh Al-‘Umdah 1/5-6.
2
Diriwayatkan oleh Al-Bukhâry dan Muslim dari Mu’âwiyah z.
 xiv

n¡~}|{z
o
“Dan Dia sekali-kali tidak menjadikan suatu kesempitan dalam agama untuk
kalian.” [Al-Hajj: 78]
Alhamdulillah, keindahan dan keelokan agama ini, dalam tuntunan dan
syariat, terjaga lengkap dalam Al-Qur`an dan hadits Rasulullah n.
Penghafalan, penulisan, dan pemahaman terhadap kandungan Al-Qur`an dan
hadits terjaga di kalangan umat Islam hingga hari ini.
.

Seluruh cabang pembahasan ilmu agama telah tertulis dan terbahas dalam
karya-karya tulis ulama kita sehingga umat Islam dimudahkan untuk
mempelajarinya.
.

Di antara karya tulis ulama kita yang sangat penting untuk dipelajari oleh
umat Islam adalah kitab ‘Umdatul Fiqh karya Imam Muwaffaquddin Abdullah
bin Ahmad Ibnu Qudâmah Al-Maqdisy Al-Hanbaly.
Buku ini memuat ilmu fiqih syariat secara ringkas dan detil. Di dalamnya,
terdapat berbagai hal yang perlu diketahui oleh seorang muslim dan muslimah
berupa fiqih ibadah, muamalah, pernikahan, peradilan, perhakiman, hudud,
jinayah, dan selainnya.
.

Kekuatan dari kandungan kitab dan kedudukan penulis kitab telah

menjadikan karya tersebut sebagai sumber perhatian para ulama dan para
penuntut ilmu sejak masa penulisnya hingga hari ini.
.

Walaupun buku ini ditulis oleh penulis untuk para pemula dalam hal
menuntut ilmu, dengan hanya menyebut satu pendapat yang rajih dan cuma
menerangkan sebagian dalil dari Al-Qur`an dan hadits, manfaat dan pengambilan
istifadah dari buku tidak dipungkiri oleh para ulama, apalagi oleh pemula dalam
hal menuntut ilmu.
.

Oleh karena itu, sangatlah pantas jika kami memilih karya ini guna
menerangkan poin-poin pembahasannya agar memudahkan para penuntut ilmu
 xv

untuk memahami kandungan buku serta memudahkan para guru untuk

memahamkan kandungan buku kepada murid-muridnya.
.

Secara global, kami hanya memberi beberapa khidmat sederhana dalam

menyuguhkan buku ‘Umdatul Fiqh ini kepada para penuntut ilmu.
Berikut khidmat tersebut.
1. Penyebutan naskah matan ‘Umdatul Fiqh dari cetakan kedua yang diterbitkan
oleh Dâr Al-Mîmân pada 1427 H/2006 M dengan hâsyiyah Syaikh Abdullah
bin Abdurrahman Al-Bassâm dan tahqiq Syaikh Abdurrahman bin Yahya Al-
Mu’allimy dari beberapa sumber manuskrip.
2. Penyebutan harakat dari setiap kata yang tertera dalam matan dari terbitan
Dâr Al-Mîmân tersebut, juga dari Al-‘Uddah Fî Syarh Al-‘Umdah karya
Bahâ`uddin Abdurrahman bin Ibrahim Al-Maqdisy dengan tahqiq Abdullah
bin Abdul Muhsin At-Turky, serta dari Wabalul Ghamâmah Fî Syarh
‘Umdatul Fiqh karya Abdullah Ath-Thayyâr.
3. Pencocokan sebagian matan dengan dua naskah manuskrip ‘Umdatul Fiqh
yang berasal dari Idârah Al-Makhthûthât Wa Al-Maktabât Al-Islâmiyyah,
Kementerian Waqaf Kuwait, yang dapat diunduh di internet.
4. Penyebutan masâ`il dan pembahasan secara global yang terkandung dalam
matan ‘Umdatul Fiqh.

Demikian beberapa khidmat dalam penyajian kitab ‘Umdatul Fiqh ini.

Tentunya, sangat banyak kekurangan dalam penyajian ini. Namun, kami
berharap agar penyajian ini bermanfaat untuk kaum muslimin secara umum dan
para penuntut ilmu secara khusus.

Tak lupa pula Kami berterima kasih kepada beberapa ikhwan yang telah
membantu proses penyalinan dan penerbitan buku ini. Semoga amalan mereka
senantiasa dalam hitungan kebaikan kelak di kemudian hari.
 xvi

Semoga Allah selalu memberi kepada kita semua keikhlasan dalam berucap dan
beramal, memberi kekukuhan dalam menegakkan Islam dan sunnah,
mengampuni segala dosa dan kesalahan, serta melimpahkan kebaikan dan pahala
kepada penulis, pembaca, pendengar, dan pemerhati buku ini.
Wallâhu A’lam.

Dzulqarnain M. Sunusi
Makassar, 19 Jumadil Akhir 1433/10 Mei 2012

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺪ ﻣ ٌﺔ‬
‫
ﻣ ﻘ ‬
‫‪Muqaddimah‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺣﻴ ِﻢ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻢ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ِﻘ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻞ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﺪ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻘﱢ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺤﻘﱢ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﺷ‪ ‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋ ٍﻢ ِﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺏ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ِﻗ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻗ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤِﺒ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺟﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺁِﻟ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻗ ِﻪ‪ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻝ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺎ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔ ﹾﻘ ِﻪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ﹶﺬﺍ ِﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟﻮ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑﺎ ‪‬ﺧِﺘ ﹶﻠﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ِﻟ ﹶﻘﺎ ِﺭِﺋ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻬ ﹶﻞ ِﺣ ﹾﻔ ﹸﻈ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎِﻟِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﻠﱢ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺍِﻧﻲ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻠ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺳﹶﺄﹶﻟِﻨﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻮﺍِﻧ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻈﻴ ِﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻﻮ ِﻝ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﺪ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻬ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ِﺮ ِﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﻮ‪‬ﻧ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ
ِﻓﻲ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻠﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭِﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻛﻴ ﹸﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺡ ِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐِﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﻛﹰﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻋِﺘ ‪‬ﻤﺎﺩ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻِ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ِﺩﻳ ﹶ‬

‫‪1. Khutbah Hajat‬‬

‫‪2. Pengenalan Metodologi Penyusunan Kitab‬‬
‫‪3. Maksud Penulisan‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻄﻬﺎر
ة‬

‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Thaharah‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Hukumnya‬‬

‫ب أ ْﺣﻜﺎ
م ا ْﻟ
ﻤﻴﺎ
ه‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Hukum-Hukum Seputar Air‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎِﺋ ٍﻊ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ُﺀ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﺧ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ُﺀ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻬﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﻬ‪ ‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺨﺎﹶﻟ ﹶﻄ ِﺔ‬
‫ﺲ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻏﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺭ ‪‬ﳛ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻮﻯ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻗﻠﱠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ِﺭﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨﺠ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﺑ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻬﻮ ٍﺭ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﺎﹶﻟ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺦ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻃِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣﺎﹶﺋ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻃﺎ ٍﻝ ِﺑﺎﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﻠﱠ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺷﻚ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ‪ ،‬ﺳ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻤ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻤ ﹶﻞ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻓ ِﻊ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ٍ‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻐ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴﻘﱠ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ِﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺑ ﹶﻄﺎ ِﻫ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﺿ‪‬ﹶﺄ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ٍ‬
‫ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺑ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻨﺰِﻳ ِﺮ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ﹾﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹰﺓ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ ٍﺔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬‬‫ﺏ ﹶﻃﺎ ِﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﹲﺓ ِﺑ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺛ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺒ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲﺓ‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻘﱢ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹲ‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺉ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺳﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻫﻦ‪ِ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺒ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﺍِﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻧﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ٍﺀ((‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ )) :n‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴِﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺬ ِﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﺍﻟﺪ‪ِ ‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺴِ‬
‫ﲑ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺴِ‬
‫ﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻔﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ‪ .‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬‬‫ﺉ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣِﻨﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ‪‬ﺩ ِﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ﹶﻛ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺶ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻮ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪ِ ‬ﺪﻳ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﻟﱠ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻃﺎ ِﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Tentang Kriteria dan Pembagian-Pembagian Air‬‬
‫‪2. Hukum Air Mutlak‬‬
‫‪3. Cakupan Tentang Thaharah dengan Air‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 3 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

4. Berthaharah dengan Benda Cair Selain Air

5. Apakah Air yang Telah Mencapai Dua Qullah menjadi Najis karena
Kejatuhan Najis?
6. Bila Najis Mengubah Warna, Rasa, dan Bau Air
7. Kesimpulan Tentang Air bila Kejatuhan Najis
8. Ukuran Dua Qullah
9. Apabila Air Dimasak dengan Benda Suci
10. Jika Air Bercampur dengan Benda Suci, Sedang Benda Suci Itu Lebih
Dominan
11. Tentang Air Musta`mal
12. Bila Ragu Tentang Kesucian atau Kenajisan Air
13. Cara Mencuci Benda yang Najisnya Tidak Tampak
14. Apabila Terjadi Kesamaan antara Air Suci dan Air Najis, Sedang Air Lain
Tidak Ada
15. Kalau Terjadi Kesamaran antara Air Thahûr dan Air Thâhir
16. Bila Terjadi Kesamaran antara Pakaian Najis dan Pakaian Suci
17. Definisi, Pembagian, dan Hukum Najis
18. Jumlah Cucian terhadap Najis Anjing dan Babi serta Cara Bersuci
terhadap Najis Tersebut
19. Jumlah Cucian terhadap Selain Najis Anjing dan Babi
20. Cara Bersuci terhadap Najis pada Tanah
21. Cara Bersuci terhadap Kencing Bayi Laki-Laki yang Belum Mengonsumsi
Makanan Tetap
22. Cara Bersuci terhadap Madzi
23. Hukum Madzi yang Sedikit
24. Hukum Darah yang Sedikit
25. Hukum Nanah, Bisul, dan Semisalnya
26. Ukuran Nanah, Bisul, dan Semisalnya yang Dimaafkan
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 4 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

27. Hukum Mani Anak Adam

28. Hukum Kencing Hewan yang Dagingnya Dimakan

‫ب اﻟْﺂ
ﻧ ﻴ
ﺔ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Bejana-Bejana
‫ﺑﻮﺍ ِﻓﻲ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ ))ﹶﻟﺎ‬:n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺭ ٍﺓ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ ِﺔ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻃ‬‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔﻀ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‬‫ﻤﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺁِﻧ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺳِﺘ‬ ‫ﺯ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﻀﺒ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .((‫ﺮ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﻢ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ِﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻢ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‬ ‫ﺤﺎ ِﻓ ِﻬ‬
‫ﺻ‬ِ ‫ﺗ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹸﻠﻮﺍ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ ِﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔﻀ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‬‫ﺁِﻧ‬
،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎ ﹸﺫ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﺗ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎ ِﻫ‬‫ﺳﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﺂِﻧ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹸﻝ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺯ ﺍ ِﺳِﺘ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ ِﺔ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔﻀ‬ ‫ﲑ ﹰﺓ ِﻣ‬
‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ﹸﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺗ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ِﺑ ِﻬ‬
‫ﺘ ٍﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ِﺟ ﹾﻠ ِﺪ‬ .‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﹶﻃﺎ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺻﻮ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺠﺎ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻴﺎِﺑ ِﻬ‬‫ﻭِﺛ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﺘﺎ‬‫ﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﺍِﻧﻲ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹸﻝ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺳِﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺶ ِﺇﻻﱠ‬
 ‫ﻳ ِﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩ ِﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹲﺔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ‬
‫ﺠ‬ِ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺘ ٍﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﻋ ﹶﻈﺎ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ‬ ،‫ﺲ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹾﻎ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺩِﺑ ﹶﻎ ﹶﺃ‬
.((‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺅ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ )) :‫ﺤ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬
.‫ﺕ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺎ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻣ‬‫ﻮﻟﱢﺪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎِﺋ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Hukum Penggunaan Bejana Emas dan Perak dalam Berthaharah dan
Selainnya
3. Hukum Tambalan dengan Emas dan Perak
4. Hukum Penggunaan Bejana Emas dan Perak
5. Hukum Penggunaan Bejana dan Pakaian Ahli Kitab
6. Hukum Bulu dan Rambut Bangkai
7. Hukum Kulit Bangkai
8. Hukum Tulang Bangkai
9. Apakah Seluruh Bangkai Adalah Najis?
10. Hukum Bangkai Manusia
11. Hukum Bangkai Hewan Air
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪12. Hukum Bangkai Hewan yang Tidak Memiliki Darah Mengalir‬‬

‫?‪13. Adakah Hewan yang Lahir dari Najis‬‬

‫ب ﻗﻀﺎ
ء ا ْﻟﺤﺎ ﺟ
ﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Penunaian Hajat‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺒﺎِﺋ ِ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻮ ﹸﺫ ِﺑﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻢ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ‪ِ) :‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ِ ‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋﻨ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹶﺫﻯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﹶﻓﺎِﻧﻲ( ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﺃ ﹾﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ ) :‬ﹸﻏ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻴ ﹶﻄﺎ ِﻥ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺟﻴ ِﻢ(‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺎﹶﻟﻰ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ِﺫ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﺧﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻰ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺧﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻮﹶﻟﻦ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺟ ﹸﻠﻮ ِﺳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘِﺒ ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘِﺒ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ٍﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ٍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺷﻖ‪ ‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﻃ ِﺮﻳ ٍﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻇﻞﱟ ‪‬ﻧﺎ ِﻓ ٍﻊ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺛ ﹾﻘ ٍ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪِﺑ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬ﻫﺎ((‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻝ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘِﺒ ﹸﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐﺎِﺋ ٍ‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪِﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻞ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ِﻩ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ِﺳ ِﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤﺲ‪ ‬ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴ ِﻤﻴِﻨ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺢ ﻣِ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍ ِﻹ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻲ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ِﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻭ‪‬ﺗﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ﹶﻈﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺑ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﹶﻃﺎ ِﻫ ٍﺮ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﻭ ﹶ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍ ِﻹ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻘﱢ‪‬ﻴ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ ﱡﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹲﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Pendahuluan‬‬
‫‪2. Kesunnahan Doa Masuk WC‬‬
‫‪3. Kesunnahan Doa Keluar WC‬‬
‫‪4. Mendahulukan kaki Kiri ketika Memasuki WC‬‬
‫‪5. Mendahulukan kaki Kanan ketika Keluar dari WC‬‬
‫‪6. Hukum Tentang Membawa Benda yang Mengandung Dzikir ke dalam‬‬
‫‪WC‬‬
‫‪7. Cara Duduk ketika Buang Hajat‬‬
‫‪8. Menjauh dan Bertirai ketika Buang Hajat di Tempat Terbuka‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 6 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

9. Memilih Tanah yang Lunak untuk Buang Air Kecil

10. Larangan terhadap Buang Air Kecil pada Lubang dan Belahan
11. Larangan terhadap Buang Air Kecil di Jalan
12. Larangan terhadap Buang Air Kecil di Tempat Berteduh
13. Larangan terhadap Buang Air Kecil di Bawah Pohon Berbuah
14. Tidak Menghadap Matahari dan Bulan saat Buang Hajat
15. Tidak Menghadap atau Membelakangi Kiblat
16. Pembolehan Hal Tersebut pada Bangunan
17. Mengusap dan Mengurut Kemaluan Setelah Buang Air Kecil
18. Tidak Menyentuh Kemaluan dengan Tangan Kanan
19. Tidak Berbersih dengan Tangan Kanan
20. Istijmar Secara Ganjil
21. Tentang Menggabungkan antara Istijmar dan Istinja` dengan
Menggunakan Air
22. Boleh Hanya Mencukupkan Diri dengan Istijmar Bila Hanya Sebatas
Tempat Najis yang Wajar
23. Tidak Boleh Ber-istijmar dengan Kurang dari Tiga Usapan yang
Membersihkan
24. Boleh Ber-istijmar dengan Segala Benda Suci yang Membersihkan Tempat
Najis
25. Hal-Hal yang Tidak Boleh Dipakai untuk Ber-istijmar:
a. Rauts ‘Kotoran’
b. Tulang
c. Benda yang Mengandung Kehormatan
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻮﺿﻮ
ء‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Wudhu‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ِ)) :n‬ﺇﻧ‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹸﻝ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺿﻮ ُﺀ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻛﻔﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ( ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻢ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺉ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻯ((‪ .‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ِ) :‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇﻧ‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱟ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﱠ ﹶﻗ ِﻦ ﻭﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﹾﺃ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﺎِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺙ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻛِﺜﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇِ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﱢ ﹸﻞ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﺃﺻ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ ُﻷ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﹸﺃ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴ ِﺪ ِﻩ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﺪ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ِﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ِﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﻗ ﹶﻔﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺴ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺧ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺨﻠﱢ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻌ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺧ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﺪ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪) :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺿﻮ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﹸﻛﻠﱢ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮِﺗﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﹾﺃ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻔﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﻔﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ٍﻮ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆﺧ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎِﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍِﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻔﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺒﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ﹸﺔ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻤ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﹸﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ‬
‫ﺢ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏﺴ‪ ‬ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﻣ ِﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﺳ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺻﺎِﺑ ِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ِﻠﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﱢ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷﻖ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻙ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ِﻢ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﻮ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟﻠﺼ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﻢ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭﺍ ِﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺳﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ٍﺓ((‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﺃﻣ‪ِ‬ﺘﻲ ﹶﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑﺎﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻮﺍ ِﻙ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Kedudukan Niat dalam Wudhu‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Tasmiyah ketika Wudhu‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Mencuci Kedua Telapak Tangan‬‬
‫‪5. Seputar Jumlah Cucian pada Anggota Wudhu‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Berkumur-Kumur‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Menghirup Air‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 8 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

8. Penggabungan antara Berkumur-Kumur dan Menghirup Air

9. Jumlah Penggabungan
10. Tentang Mencuci Wajah Sebanyak Tiga Kali
11. Batasan Wajah yang Dicuci
12. Tentang Menyelai-Nyelai Jari dan Kaifiyahnya
13. Tentang Mencuci Kedua Tangan hingga Siku Sebanyak Tiga Kali
14. Apakah Siku Tergolong sebagai Kedua Tangan yang Dicuci?
15. Tentang Mengusap Kepala Bersamaan dengan Mengusap Telinga
16. Kaifiyah Mengusap Kepala
17. Tentang Mencuci Kedua Kaki hingga Mata Kaki
18. Apakah Mata Kaki Tergolong ke dalam Cucian atau Tidak?
19. Tentang Menyelai-Nyelai Jari-Jemari
20. Tentang Mengangkat Pandangan ke Langit Setelah Berwudhu
21. Doa yang Dibaca Setelah Berwudhu
22. Kewajiban-Kewajiban Wudhu:
a. Niat
b. Mencuci Sebanyak
c. Mengusap Kepala
d. Tertib
e. Tentang Muwâlah
23. Sunnah-Sunnah Wudhu:
a. Tasmiyah
b. Mencuci Telapak Tangan
c. Bersungguh-Sungguh dalam Berkumur-Kumur
d. Ber-istinsyâq, kecuali bagi Orang yang Berpuasa
e. Menyelai-Nyelai Janggut
f. Menyelai-Nyelai Jari-Jemari
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 9 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

g. Mengusap Kedua Telinga

h. Mendahulukan Anggota Tubuh Bagian Kanan Sebelum Bagian Kiri
i. Mencuci Sebanyak Tiga-Tiga Kali
24. Hal-Hal Makruh dalam Wudhu:
a. Menambah Melebihi Kadar yang Disunnahkan
b. Berlebihan dalam Menggunakan Air
25. Tentang Siwak dan Definisinya
26. Tempat-Tempat Disunnahkannya Siwak:
a. Ketika Bau Mulut Berubah
b. Saat Bangun dari Tidur
c. Tatkala Hendak Mengerjakan Shalat
27. Sunnah Siwak pada Seluruh Waktu
28. Perkecualian Sunnah Siwak bagi Orang yang Berpuasa Setelah Matahari
Tergelincir

‫ب ﻣ ْﺴ
ﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ﺨ ﻔ ْﻴ
ﻦ‬

 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Tentang Mengusap di Atas Kedua Khuf
‫ﺮﺍ ِﻣﻴ ِﻖ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺗ ﹾﺜ‬ ‫ ِﻔﻴ ﹶﻘ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ‬‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺼ‬
ِ ‫ﻮﺍ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺨﻔﱠ‬
 ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺢ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬.‫ﺙ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ ِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬،‫ﺴﺎ ِﻓ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬ ،‫ﻤ ِﻘﻴ ِﻢ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﺓ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﺠﺎ ِﻭ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ‬
‫ ﹸﺓ‬‫ﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹶﻘ‬‫ ﺍ‬‫ﺢ ﹸﺛﻢ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻰ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .((‫ﻴ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻤ ِﻘﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ،‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﻴﺎﻟ‬‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ ٍﻡ‬‫ﺮ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃﻳ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ ِﻓ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺢ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻳ‬)) :n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺢ‬
‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻣ ِﻘﻴ ٍﻢ‬ ‫ﺢ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬‫ﺮ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹸﺛﻢ‬‫ﻣ ِﻘﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻡ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺎ‬‫ﺍ ﹸﺛﻢ‬‫ﺴﺎ ِﻓﺮ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺢ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﻃ‬
 ‫ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻊ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺢ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻣ‬ ،‫ﺸ ِﻔ ِﻪ‬
 ‫ﺩ ﹸﺓ ِﺑ ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺱ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﹾﺃ‬‫ﺠ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ ﺍﻟﺮ‬
 ‫ﺮ ٍﺓ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺳﺎِﺗ‬ ‫ﺑ ٍﺔ‬‫ﺅﺍ‬ ‫ﺕ ﹸﺫ‬
 ‫ﺖ ﹶﺫﺍ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻣ ِﺔ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ‬
‫ﺟ ِﺔ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺎ‬
 ‫ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺪ‬
 ‫ ِﺑ‬‫ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﲑ ِﺓ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺠِﺒ‬
 ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺢ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﺭ ٍﺓ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﻣ ﹶﻠ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻃ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
 ‫ﺟ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬
.‫ﻣ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ‬ ‫ﺢ‬
‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﹾﻟ‬،‫ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﱠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
1. Definisi Al-Mas-h ‘Usapan’
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 10 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

2. Definisi Al-Khuffain ‘Kedua Sepatu’

3. Hukum Tentang Mengusap di Atas Kedua Sepatu
4. Tentang Mengusap di Atas Kaus Kaki
5. Ukuran Kaus Kaki yang Diusap
6. Tentang Mengusap di Atas Jarmûq ‘Sepatu’
7. Ukuran Jarmûq yang Diusap
8. Ketentuan Mengusap di Atas Sepatu, Kaus Kaki, dan Jarmûq adalah pada
Hadats Kecil
9. Lama Waktu Mengusap bagi Muqim dan Musafir
10. Permulaan Waktu Mengusap
11. Akhir Waktu Mengusap dan Hukum Usapan jika Waktu Telah Berakhir
12. Hukum Usapan bila Sepatu Dilepas Sebelum Waktu Usapan Selesai
13. Tentang Seseorang yang Mengusap saat Safar Kemudian Dia menjadi
Muqim
14. Tentang Seorang Muqim yang Mengusap Lalu Dia Bersafar
15. Tentang Mengusap di Atas Imamah
16. Syarat Pembolehan Mengusap di Atas Imamah
17. Di antara Syarat Pembolehan Mengusap adalah Berthaharah Secara
Sempurna
18. Tentang Mengusap di Atas Balutan
19. Ketentuan Mengusap di Atas Balutan
20. Batasan Waktu Mengusap di Atas Balutan
21. Tentang Kesamaan Laki-Laki dan Perempuan dalam Syariat Mengusap di
Atas Kedua Khuf
22. Perempuan Tidak Mengusap di Atas Imamah
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 11 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﺾ ا ْﻟ ﻮﺿﻮ
ء‬

‫ب ﻧﻮا
ﻗ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Pembatal-Pembatal Wudhu

‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹾﻘ ِﻞ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ﹸﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺶ‬
 ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺎ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺲ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﻨ‬
 ‫ﺨﺎ ِﺭ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ِﺒﻴ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺨﺎ ِﺭ‬
 ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ‬:‫ﻌ ﹲﺔ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬
‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ ِﻟ‬،‫ﺤ ِﻢ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ِﻞ‬
 ‫ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﺳ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ ﹸﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‬ .‫ﻮ ٍﺓ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ٍﺓ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﺪ ِﻩ‬‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ِﺑ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺟﺎِﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﺤﻮ ِﻡ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﹸﺄ ِﻣ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻓ‬:‫ ِﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ‬.((‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﹸﺌﻮﺍ ِﻣ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ :‫ﺤﻮ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ِﻞ؟ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﹸﻟ‬ ‫ﹸﺄ ِﻣ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ ﹶﺃ‬:‫ﻪ‬ ‫ ِﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟ‬n ‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
 ‫ﺭ ِﻭ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﱠ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﺙ‬
ِ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹶﺓ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﱠ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .((‫ ﹾﺄ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ‬
 ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ِﺷ ﹾﺌ‬ ‫ ﹾﺄ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ‬
 ‫ ))ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ِﺷ ﹾﺌ‬:‫ﻨ ِﻢ؟ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
.‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻦ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﱠ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﺭ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ‬‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺙ‬
‫ﺪ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬

1. Definisi Nawâqidh ‘Pembatal-Pembatal’

2. Rincian Pembatal-Pembatal Wudhu:
a. Yang Keluar dari Dua Jalur
b. Najis yang Keluar dari Selain Dua Jalur, tetapi Sangat Menjijikkan
c. Hilangnya Akal
d. Tidur Sedikit dalam Keadaan Duduk dan Berdiri
e. Menyentuh Kemaluan dengan Tangan
f. Menyentuh Perempuan dengan Syahwat
g. Murtad
h. Memakan Daging Unta
3. Hukum orang yang Yakin bahwa Dia Telah Berthaharah, tetapi
Kemudian Ragu bahwa Dia Berhadats atau Tidak, atau Sebaliknya
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 12 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻐ ْﺴ
ﻞ
ﻣ ﻦ ا ْﻟ ﺠﻨﺎ ﺑ
ﺔ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Mandi Janabah

‫ﺪِﻧ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻌ ِﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹸﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺐ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‬

 ‫ﻮﺍ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺘﺎ‬‫ﺨ‬
ِ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺘ ﹶﻘﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ،‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻓ‬‫ﻤﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻤِﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻤﻮ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬
:‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻗﺎﹶﻟ‬،‫ﻧ ﹸﺔ‬‫ﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﻪ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻪ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺪﹸﻟ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ ﹸﺔ‬‫ﺴ ِﻤﻴ‬
 ‫ ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﺴﻦ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻕ‬
ِ ‫ﺸﺎ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺳِﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺍِﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻀ ِﺔ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻞ‬
 ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ‬
 ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻤﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﺷ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻤﻴِﻨ ِﻪ‬‫ ِﺑ‬‫ﺻﺐ‬
 ‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﻳ ِﻪ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ‬
 ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺪﹶﺃ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﺑ ِﺔ‬‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ ﹶﻓﺎ ﹾﻏ‬n ‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻨ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ )
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨﺤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺪِﻧ ِﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ َﺀ‬ ‫ﺽ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻓﺎ‬‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ‬‫ﻩ ِﻟﻠﺼ‬ ‫ﺿﻮ َﺀ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹶﺄ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﺽ‬
ِ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻂ‬
ِ ‫ﺤﺎِﺋ‬
 ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺪ ِﻩ‬‫ﺏ ِﺑ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 ‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﺰﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ‬
 ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻮﻯ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻭﻯ ﹸﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﺔ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺴ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻌ ِﺮ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﻏ‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﺸ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ .(‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺟ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ِﺭ‬
 ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ ِﻤﻴ ِﻌ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺰﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺪِﻧ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺪﹶﺛ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻢ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻴﻤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬
.‫ﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
1. Definisi Al-Ghusl ‘Mandi’
2. Definisi Janabah
3. Hal-Hal yang Mewajibkan Seseorang untuk Mandi:
a. Keluarnya Mani
• Definisi Mani
b. Bertemunya Dua Khitan
4. Kewajiban-Kewajiban dalam Mandi:
a. Berniat
b. Menyiram Seluruh Badan
c. Berkumur-Kumur dan Ber-istinsyâq
5. Tentang Kesunnahan Tasmiyah ketika Memulai Mandi
6. Tentang Menggosok Badan dengan Kedua Tangan
7. Tentang Kaifiyah Mandi dalam Hadits Maimunah
8. Apakah Wajib Melepaskan Ikatan Rambut saat Mandi?
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪9. Bolehkah Berniat Mandi Janabah terhadap Hadats Akbar dan Hadats‬‬
‫?‪Ashghar Sekaligus‬‬
‫‪10. Tentang Niat Tayammum terhadap Hadats Ashghar dan Najis pada Badan‬‬

‫ب اﻟ ﺘ ﻴ ﻤ
ﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Tayammum‬‬
‫ﺢ ِﺑ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﻔﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ِ ‬ﻌﻴ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻴ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﻀ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻔ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺢ ِﺑ ِﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﻔﱠ ‪‬ﻴﻪِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺽ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻜ ﹶﺬﺍ((‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ِ n‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺎ ٍﺭ‪ِ)) :‬ﺇﻧ‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻁ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﺢ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﹲ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪ ‬ﻢ ِﺑﹶﺄ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ٍﺩ ‪‬ﺷ ِﺪﻳ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﺮ ِﺭ ِﺑﺎ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺀ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻣ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ؛ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠِﺒ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻋﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺯﻩِ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﻦ ﹶﻛِﺜ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻓﻴ ِﻘ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻓ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺶ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻄ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪِﻧ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ًﺀ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ِﻔﻴ ِﻪ ِﻟ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭِﺗ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪ ‬ﻢ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺎﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﻬ ِﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ٍﺔ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﻓ ﹶﻠ ٍﺔ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪ ‬ﻢ ِﻟ ﹶﻔ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ٍﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺼﻞﱢ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺿ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪ ‬ﻢ ِﻟ ﹶﻔ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪ ‬ﻢ ِﻟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﻓ ﹶﻠ ٍﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﻮﺍ ِﻓ ِﻞ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺍِﺋ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻃﺎ ِﻫ ٍﺮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﻏ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪ ‬ﻢ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭﹾﺇ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ِﻄ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪ ‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ِﻄ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎﺀِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Sifat Tayammum Beserta Dalilnya‬‬
‫?‪3. Apakah Boleh Menepuk Debu Lebih dari Sekali‬‬
‫?‪4. Apakah Boleh Mengusap Lebih dari Sekali‬‬
‫‪5. Empat Syarat Bertayammum Secara Global‬‬
‫‪6. Syarat Pertama: Tidak Mampu Menggunakan Air‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 14 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

a. Air Tidak Ada

b. Orang Sakit yang Khawatir terhadap Bahaya bila Menggunakan Air
c. Cuaca yang Sakit Dingin
d. Khawatir akan Kehausan apabila Seseorang Menggunakan Air
e. Khawatir terhadap Keselamatan Diri dan Harta jika Seseorang
Mencari Air
f. Harga Air Sangat Mahal
7. Jika Hanya Mampu Menggunakan Air pada Sebagian Badan
8. Jika Tidak Menemukan Air yang Cukup
9. Syarat Kedua: Bertayammum pada Waktu Shalat
10. Konsekuensi Persyaratan Bertayammum pada Waktu Shalat
11. Syarat Ketiga: Niat
12. Hukum Orang yang Bertayammum untuk Shalat Sunnah, Kemudian
Menggunakan Tayammumnya untuk Shalat Wajib
13. Hukum Orang yang Bertayammum untuk Shalat Wajib, Kemudian
Menggunakan Tayammumnya untuk Shalat Wajib Lain atau Shalat
Sunnah
14. Syarat Keempat: Menggunakan Tanah
15. Ketentuan Seputar Tanah yang Boleh Digunakan untuk Bertayammum
16. Hal-Hal yang Membatalkan Tayammum:
a. Segala Pembatal Wudhu
b. Keluarnya Waktu
c. Bila Mampu Menggunakan Air, Walaupun Sedang dalam Pelaksanaan
Shalat
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺾ‬
‫ب ا ْﻟ ﺤ ْﻴ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Haid‬‬
‫ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻗ ‪‬ﺮﺍ َﺀ ﹶﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺁ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺲ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺎ َﺀ‪ِ :‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍِﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻋِﺘ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ؛ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻮ ِﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ﹶﻠﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻁ َﺀ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾ‬
‫ﺴِ‬‫ﺚ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶ‬
‫ﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ؛ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﺳﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻮ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻍ ‪‬ﻭﺍِﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻋِﺘ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ﹰﺃِﺑﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻠﻮ ﹶ‬
‫ﺡ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌﻮﺍ ﹸﻛﻞﱠ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻜﺎ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺎِﺋ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍِﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ ﱡﻞ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻄ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻠ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ ﱡﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ‬
‫ﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ٍ‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺳﺘ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ِﺪﹶﺋ ﹸﺔ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺃ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺳِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣﺪ‪ِ ‬ﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ِﺮ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ ﱡﻞ ِﺳﻦ‪ ‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺲ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻟﹶﺄ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻠ ٍﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻓﻲ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ﹲﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓﺎﻟﺰ‪‬ﺍِﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻜﺮ‪ ‬ﺭ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﻨ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ٍﺓ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﺿ‪‬ﹶﺄ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺁ ِﺧ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹰﺓ‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻬ ِﺮ ﺍﻵ ِﺧ ِﺮ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺨﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﺩ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺛ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩِﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤِﻴﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ِﺪﹶﺋ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻧﺎ ِﺳ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ‪‬ﺩِﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤِﻴﻴ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ِ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ِﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ِﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺩِﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ِﻣ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﺀ؛ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ِﺳﺘ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﻏﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻧ ﹶﻔﺎ ٍ‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Haid Menahan Perempuan terhadap Sepuluh Perkara:‬‬
‫‪a. Mengerjakan Shalat‬‬
‫‪b. Mengqadha Shalat‬‬
‫‪c. Mengerjakan Shalat‬‬
‫‪d. Berthawaf‬‬
‫‪e. Membaca Al-Qur`an‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 16 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

f. Memegang Mushaf
g. Berdiam di Masjid
h. Berjima’ pada Kemaluan
i. Melakukan Talak Sunny
j. Beriddah dengan Jumlah Bulan
3. Konsekuensi Keberadaan Haid:
a. Kewajiban Mandi
b. Sebagai Tanda Baligh
c. Sebagai Hitungan Iddah
4. Apabila Darah Terputus, Dua Hal Diperbolehkan, Walaupun Belum
Mandi:
a. Berpuasa
b. Melakukan Talak
5. Penegasan bahwa Seluruh Larangan yang Telah Berlalu Tidak
Diperbolehkan Hingga Seorang Perempuan Selesai Mandi
6. Pembolehan Hubungan Intim dengan Perempuan Haid Tanpa Jima’ dan
Batasan-Batasan Hubungan Intim Tersebut
7. Tentang Masa Haid Tersedikit
8. Tentang Masa Haid Terbanyak
9. Tentang Masa Suci yang Tersedikit di Antara Dua Masa Haid
10. Tentang Masa Suci yang Terbanyak di Antara Dua Masa Haid
11. Umur Tersedikit Seorang Perempuan Mungkin Haid
12. Umur Maksimal Seorang Perempuan Mungkin Haid
13. Perempuan Pemula dalam Hal Haid:
a. Ukuran yang Membatasi Sehingga Dia Dianggap Haid
b. Batasan Minimal Keluarnya Darah yang Teranggap Haid
c. Batasan Maksimal Dia Teranggap Haid
d. Kapan Terhitung Memiliki Kebiasaan?
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 17 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

14. Tentang Istihadhah dan Ketentuannya

15. Kewajiban Perempuan Istihadhah:
a. Mandi ketika Akhir Haid
b. Mencuci Kemaluan
c. Melapisi Kemaluan dengan Kain
d. Berwudhu Setiap Kali Mengerjakan Shalat
e. Mengerjakan Shalat Wajib
16. Hukum terhadap Orang yang Mengalami Salasul Baul ‘Kencing yang Tak
Dapat Ditahan’ atau Kondisi yang Semakna dengan Itu
17. Beberapa Kondisi Apabila Bertentangan antara Darah Istihadhah dan
Darah Haid
a. Bila Seorang Perempuan Memiliki Kebiasaan Haid
b. Jika Seorang Perempuan Tidak Memiliki Kebiasaan Haid, tetapi
Memiliki Tamyîz ‘Pembedaan’
• Ketentuan Tamyîz (Pembedaan antara Darah Istihadhah dan
Darah Haid)
c. Jika Seorang Perempuan Tidak Memiliki Kebiasaan Haid Juga Tidak
Memiliki Tamyîz:
• Perempuan Pemula dalam Hal Haid
• Perempuan yang Lupa Akan Kebiasaan Haidnya dan Tidak
Memiliki Tamyîz
18. Mungkinkah Perempuan Hamil Mengalami Haid?
19. Hukum Darah yang Keluar dari Perempuan Hamil
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 18 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫س‬

‫ب اﻟ
ﻨﻔﺎ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Nifas
،‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺾ ِﻓﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺩ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻮﹶﻟﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺝ ِﺑ‬
 ‫ﺨﺎ ِﺭ‬
 ‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻮ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﲔ ﹶﻓ‬
 ‫ﺑ ِﻌ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬‫ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﺩ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﻃﺎ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺴ ﹶﻠ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺮ ﺍ ﹾﻏ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻄ‬
ِ ‫ﺭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺘﻰ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ ِﻟﹶﺄ ﹶﻗ ِﻠّ ِﻪ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻩ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ‬
.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﻀ‬‫ﺱ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ِﻧ ﹶﻔﺎ‬
1. Definisi Nifas
2. Hukum Nifas
3. Masa Terlama Seorang Perempuan dalam Menjalani Nifas
4. Masa Terpendek Seorang Perempuan dalam Menjalani Nifas
5. Ketentuan Seputar Perempuan Nifas yang Dianggap Telah Suci
6. Tentang Perempuan yang Mengangap bahwa Dirinya Telah Suci, tetapi
Kemudian Darah Nifas Kembali Keluar darinya

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 19 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺼﻠﺎ
ة‬

Kitab Shalat
‫ﷲ‬
ُ ‫ ﺍ‬‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺕ ﹶﻛ‬
ٍ ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺻ ﹶﻠ‬
 ‫ﺲ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ )) :‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‬ n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺳ ِﻤ‬ :‫ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬z‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ ِﻣ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻆ‬
‫ﺤﺎ ِﻓ ﹾ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ ﹶﺔ‬‫ﺠﻨ‬
 ‫ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺧ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
ِ ‫ﺪ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﻴ ِﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻆ‬
‫ﺣﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﻴ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒﺎ ِﺩ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ‬
.((‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻏ ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻋﺬﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺎ َﺀ‬ ‫ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺪ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﻴ ِﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬
‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬.‫ﺴﺎ َﺀ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺾ‬
 ‫ﺤﺎِﺋ‬
 ‫ﻋﺎ ِﻗ ٍﻞ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﺎِﻟ ٍﻎ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹲﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﺲ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ َ
‫ﺘ ِﻐ ٍﻞ‬‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ ٍﻭ‬‫ﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺟﻮِﺑ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ ﹾﻗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
 ‫ﺗ ﹾﺄ ِﺧ‬ ‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﻨﺎﺩ‬‫ﻫﺎ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻑ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬
 ‫ﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﻬ ِﻠ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ِﻟ‬
.‫ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﺐ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ‬
 ‫ﺘِﺘﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺑ‬‫ﻭﻧ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻃ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ِﺑ‬
1. Definisi Shalat
2. Kewajiban Shalat
3. Ketentuan Seputar Orang-Orang yang Wajib Mengerjakan Shalat
4. Tentang Orang yang Mengingkari Kewajiban Shalat karena Jahil
5. Seputar Orang yang Mengingkari Kewajiban Shalat karena Menentang
6. Larangan untuk Mengakhirkan Shalat, Kecuali pada Dua Keadaan:
a. Berniat untuk Menjamak Dua Shalat
b. Sibuk Menghadirkan Salah Satu Syarat Shalat
7. Hukum terhadap Orang yang Meninggalkan Shalat karena Malas
8. Ketentuan Taubat bagi Orang yang Meninggalkan Shalat karena Malas

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﺄذا
ن وا ْﻟ
ﺈﻗﺎ ﻣ
ﺔ‬

 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Adzan dan Iqamah
‫ﻤ ﹰﺔ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻛ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺲ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹸﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ ِﺀ؛‬
 ‫ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟﻠﺮ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺲ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻋﺎ ِﻥ ِﻟﻠﺼ‬ ‫ﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺕ؛‬
ِ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬‫ﻋﺎِﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺻﻴ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺆﺫﱢ ﹸﻥ ﹶﺃ ِﻣﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﻐﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺮ ﹶﺓ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹸﺔ ِﺇ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ﹶﻗﺎ‬ ،‫ﻊ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺟﻴ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 20 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

،‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺰﻳ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹰﻻ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ ِﻤﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺘ ﹶﻔ‬‫ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺑ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ‬.‫ﺒ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹾﻘِﺒ ﹰﻠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ ٍﻝ‬ ‫ﺿ ٍﻊ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ ﹶﻄﻬ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺆﺫﱢ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ‬‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹶﺫﺍ ِﻥ ﺍﻟﺼ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻣ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﺭ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ﹶﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹸﻞ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹶﺫﺍ ِﻥ‬‫ﺮﺳ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﺃ ﹸﺫ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﻌ ﹸﻞ ِﺇ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﹸﻠﻮﺍ‬،‫ﻴ ٍﻞ‬ ‫ﺆﺫﱢ ﹸﻥ ِﺑ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ))ِﺇﻥﱠ ِﺑ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹰﻻ‬:n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺆﺫﱢ ﹸﻥ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻣﺮ‬ ،‫ﻮ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺆﺫﱢ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ ِﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ِﻟ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ .((‫ﺘﻮ ٍﻡ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺆﺫﱢ ﹶﻥ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬
.((‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺪﺍ َﺀ ﹶﻓ ﹸﻘﻮﹸﻟﻮﺍ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺳ ِﻤ‬ ‫ ))ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬:n
1. Definisi Adzan
2. Definisi Iqamah
3. Syariat Adzan dan Iqamah
4. Apakah Syariat Adzan dan Iqamah Berlaku terhadap Selain Shalat Lima
Waktu?
5. Apakah Syariat Adzan dan Iqamah Berlaku terhadap Para Perempuan?
6. Jumlah Kalimat Adzan
7. Hukum Tarji’ dalam Adzan
8. Jumlah Kalimat Iqamah
9. Ketentuan Seputar Muadzin:
a. Terpercaya
b. Suaranya Tinggi
c. Mengetahui Waktu Shalat
10. Sunnah-Sunnah Adzan:
a. Berdiri
b. Bersuci
c. Dikumandangkan di Atas Tempat Tinggi
d. Menghadap Kiblat
e. Menoleh ke Kanan dan ke Kiri tatkala Membaca “Hayya ‘Ala …”
Tanpa Menggerakkan Kedua Kaki
f. Meletakkan Kedua Jari pada Telinga
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪g. Memanjangkan dan Menartil Adzan‬‬

‫‪h. Bersegera untuk Mengumandangkan Iqamah‬‬
‫‪i. Membaca Tatswîb saat Adzan Shalat Subuh‬‬
‫‪11. Adzan Dikumandangkan saat Waktu Shalat Telah Masuk, Kecuali Adzan‬‬
‫‪Subuh‬‬
‫‪12. Hal-Hal yang Disunnahkan bagi Pendengar Adzan‬‬

‫ﺼﻠﺎ
ة‬
‫ﻂ اﻟ ‬
‫ب ﺷﺮا
ﺋ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Syarat-Syarat Shalat‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺳﺘ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺿّﹶﺄ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶ‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ ‬ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﻇ ﱡﻞ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬‬‫ﺲ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﻝ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍِﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺧِﺘ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻄﻰ – ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁ ِﺧ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺸﺎ ِﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ؛ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻐﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺲ؛ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹸﻏ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹸﻃ ﹸﻠﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ِﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹸﻃ ﹸﻠﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ِﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺃﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ ِﻟﻠﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ِﺷﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺒ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺼﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹲﺓ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﻔﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ؛ ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﺎ ِﻝ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ِﻟﻠﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮﻳ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ ‪‬ﻫ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﻟ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺼﻮ‪‬ﺑ ٍﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺩﺍ ٍﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﺎ ِﻝ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮﻳ ِﺮ‪ )) :‬ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ِﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﺫ ﹸﻛﻮ ِﺭ ﹸﺃﻣ‪ِ‬ﺘﻲ ِﺣ ﱞﻞ ِﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧﺎِﺛ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ(( ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ِ n‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ ‪‬ﻫ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺟﻤِﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻋﺎِﺗ ِﻘ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺠﻮ ِﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ‪‬ﺟﺎِﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻮ ِﻣ ﹸﺊ ِﺑﺎﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹸﻛﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ِﻔ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻤﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺑ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ٍﻝ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ِﻓﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠﺴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ‬
‫ﺴِ‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻔﻮ‪ ‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎِﺗﻪِ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺿ ِﻊ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ِﺔ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪِﻧ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺤ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻِ‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻠﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻮ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪ِ ‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺶ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺴِ‬‫ﺽ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎِﺗ ِﻪ؛ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺯﺍﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻓ ِﺮ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﻓ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘِﺒ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍِﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻝ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ﹸﺔ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ ِﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻴِﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻌﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓِﺈﹶﻟﻰ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻬِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ِﻔ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ‬
‫ﺖ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ِﺮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻄﹶﺄ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ِﻔ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ِﺭﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺳﹶﺄ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪﻝﱠ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﻰ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﻲ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺛ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﺘ ِﻬ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ِﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﲑ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴِ‬
‫ﲑ ِﺑﺎﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ ‪‬ﳝ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹾﻜِﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ِﻟﻠﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴِﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫‪1. Definisi Syarat-Syarat Shalat‬‬
‫‪2. Enam Syarat Shalat Secara Global‬‬
‫‪3. Syarat Pertama: Berthaharah dari Hadats‬‬
‫‪4. Syarat Kedua: Melaksanakan Shalat pada Waktunya‬‬
‫‪5. Awal dan Akhir Waktu Shalat Zhuhur‬‬
‫‪6. Awal dan Akhir Waktu Shalat Ashar‬‬
‫‪7. Waktu Ikhtiar dan Waktu Darurat pada Shalat Ashar‬‬
‫‪8. Awal dan Akhir Waktu Shalat Maghrib‬‬
‫‪9. Awal dan Akhir Waktu Shalat Isya‬‬
‫‪10. Waktu Darurat untuk Shalat Isya‬‬
‫‪11. Awal dan Akhir Waktu Shalat Subuh‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 23 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

12. Tentang Orang yang Mendapatkan Takbiratul Ihram Sebelum Waktu

Shalat Berlalu
13. Yang Terafdhal Adalah Awal Waktu, Kecuali:
a. Pada Shalat Isya
b. Pada Shalat Zhuhur di Cuaca yang Sangat Panas
14. Syarat Ketiga: Menutup Aurat
15. Ketentuan Seputar Menutup Aurat
16. Aurat Laki-Laki
17. Aurat Perempuan Budak
18. Aurat Perempuan Bebas dalam Shalat
19. Aurat Budak Ummu Walad
20. Aurat Budak yang Sebagian Kepemilikannya Dibebaskan (Mukâtabah)
21. Tentang Pelaksanaan Shalat Menggunakan Baju atau Rumah Rampasan
22. Perihal Memakai Emas dan Perak
23. Seputar Pelaksanaan Shalat Menggunakan Satu Kain bagi Laki-Laki:
a. Bila Kainnya Dapat Menutupi Bahunya
b. Bila Kainnya Tidak Dapat Menutupi Kedua Bahunya
c. Bila Kainnya Hanya Dapat Menutupi Qubul dan Dubur
d. Bila Kainnya Hanya Dapat Menutupi Salah Satu di Antara Qubul dan
Dubur
24. Tentang Pelaksanaan Shalat dalam Keadaan Tidak Berpakaian
25. Perihal Pelaksanaan Shalat Menggunakan Pakaian atau Tempat yang
Mengandung Najis
26. Syarat Keempat: Suci dari Najis
27. Ketentuan Seputar Suci dari Najis
28. Tentang Najis yang Dimaafkan
29. Seputar Orang yang Mengerjakan Shalat dalam Keadaan Bernajis
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 24 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

30. Hukum Asal Permukaan Bumi Adalah Boleh Dipakai untuk

Mengerjakan Shalat
31. Tempat-Tempat yang Terlarang untuk Mengerjakan Shalat:
a. Kuburan
b. Kamar Mandi
c. Tempat Buang Hajat Besar
d. Kandang Unta
e. Pertengahan Jalan
32. Syarat Kelima: Menghadap ke Kiblat
33. Kewajiban Menghadap ke Kiblat Adalah pada Segala Keadaan, Kecuali:
a. Musafir yang Mengerjakan Shalat Sunnah di Atas Kendaraan
b. Orang yang Tidak Mampu Menghadap ke Kiblat karena Takut atau
Semisalnya
34. Ketentuan Kiblat bagi Orang yang Dekat dari Ka’bah
35. Ketentuan Kiblat bagi Orang yang Jauh dari Ka’bah
36. Ketentuan bagi Orang yang Tidak Mengetahui Arah Kiblat Saat Muqim
37. Ketentuan bagi Orang yang Tidak Mengetahui Arah Kiblat Saat Safar
38. Bila Terjadi Perselisihan dalam Berijtihad Guna Menentukan Arah Kiblat
39. Syarat Keenam: Berniat untuk Mengerjakan Shalat Itu Sendiri

‫ﺼﻠﺎ
ة‬
 ‫ﻲ
إﻟﻰ اﻟ‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻤ ْﺸ‬

‫ب آدا‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Adab Tentang Berjalan Menuju Pelaksanaan Shalat
:‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺴ ِﻢ ﺍ‬
 ‫ ِﺑ‬:‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺻﺎِﺑ‬
 ‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺸﺒ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﻳ ﹶﻘﺎ ِﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ٍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻨ ٍﺔ‬‫ﺴ ِﻜﻴ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ِﺑ‬‫ﻲ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬

:‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‬‫ﻭ‬ [٨٩-٧٨ :‫]ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ‬n g f e d  c b a
o :‫ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﻗ‬

ِ ‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ‬n ¼ » º ¹ ¸
o
‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ًﺀ‬‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺑ ﹶﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺝ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﻟ‬‫ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‬،‫ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
 ‫ﺸﺎ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺤﻖ‬
 ‫ﻭِﺑ‬ ،‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺎِﺋ ِﻠ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺴ‬‫ﺤﻖ‬
 ‫ﻚ ِﺑ‬
 ‫ﺳﹶﺄﹸﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﺃ‬‫ ِﺇﻧ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‬
‫ﻪ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻧ‬،‫ﻧﻮِﺑﻲ‬‫ﺮ ِﻟﻲ ﹸﺫ‬ ‫ﻐ ِﻔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺎ ِﺭ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻨ ِﻘ ﹶﺬِﻧﻲ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
 ‫ﺳﹶﺄﹸﻟ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺿﺎِﺗ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻐﺎ َﺀ‬ ‫ﺑِﺘ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺨ ِﻄ‬
 ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﹶﻘﺎ َﺀ‬‫ﺖ ﺍﺗ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹰﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄ‪‬ﺗﻮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﷲ ‪ِ)) :n‬ﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹸﺃ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺖ(‪ .‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪ ‬ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ِﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺬ‪‬ﻧﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ‬
‫ﺼ ﱡﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄِﺗ ‪‬ﻤّﻮﺍ((‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹸﺃ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﺋ‪‬ﺘﻮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ] ‪‬ﻭ[ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ِ ‬ﻜﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻢ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻗﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻰ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﺧﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ِ :‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴِ‬‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻜ‪‬ﺘﻮ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﻗﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ِﻟﻲ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﺍ ﹾﻏ ِﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻟﻲ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧﻮِﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹾﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ِﻟﻲ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍ ﹾﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Kesunnahan untuk Berjalan Menuju Pelaksanaan Shalat‬‬
‫‪2. Beberapa Etika dalam Berjalan:‬‬
‫‪a. Tenang‬‬
‫‪b. Tidak Tergesa-Gesa‬‬
‫‪c. Memperpendek Langkah‬‬
‫‪d. Tidak Menyelai Jari‬‬
‫‪e. Membaca Doa‬‬
‫‪3. Etika Tentang Berjalan ke Masjid Tatkala Iqamah Sudah Dikumandangkan‬‬
‫‪4. Hukum Pelaksanaan Shalat Sunnah Ketika Iqamah Sudah Dikumandangkan‬‬
‫‪5. Etika Tentang Memasuki Masjid dan Doa yang Dibaca‬‬
‫‪6. Etika Saat Keluar dari Masjid dan Doa yang Dibaca‬‬

‫ﺼﻠﺎ
ة‬
‫ﺻ ﻔ
ﺔ اﻟ ‬
‫ب
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Sifat Shalat‬‬

‫ﺨ ِﻔﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‬

‫ﺴ ِﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹾﻜِﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺳﺮ‪ِ‬ﺗ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﹸﺃ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻳ‪ ‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﺬ ِﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ‪‬ﺑِﺘ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹾﻜِﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺎﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺟﺪ‪ ‬ﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻭِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ِﺩ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ِﻊ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻚ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮﻝِ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ٍ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺣﻴ ِﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻢ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻴ ﹶﻄﺎ ِﻥ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺟﻴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ِ :‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻮ ﹸﺫ ِﺑﺎ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺣﻴ ِﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻢ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﻭﹶﺃِﺑﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﺜ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻊ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫) ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ِﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹾﺃ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﻣﻮ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ِﻗ ‪‬ﺮﺍ َﺀ ﹶﺓ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻡ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻗ ‪‬ﺮﺍ َﺀ ﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹸﺃ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺎِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻔﺼ‪ِ ‬ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ٍﺓ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺸﺎ ِﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ َﺀ ِﺓ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻄ ِﻪ؛ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ ِﺭ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺳﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﹾﻓ ِﻌ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻼ‪ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺤﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪ ‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻈﻴ ِﻢ‪ .‬ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬ﺳﻪ‪ ‬ﹶﻗﺎِﺋ ﹰ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺣ‪‬ﻴﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﻇ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ﹾﻞ َﺀ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ﹾﻞ َﺀ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ِﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﹾﻓ ِﻌ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ ) :‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺮ‪ ‬ﺳﺎ ِﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ(‪ .‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﻣﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ‪ ) :‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ(‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ﹾﻞ َﺀ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﺷ ﹾﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺠﺎ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﹶﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪ ‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ ) :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﻳ‪ ‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻃ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺵ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮﺷ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻔ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ(‪ .‬ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ ) :‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻲ ﺍ ﹾﻏ ِﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻟﻲ(‪ .‬ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺜِﻨﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ِﺬ ِﻩ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻓ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮﺷ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﻟﻠ‪‬ﺘّ ‪‬‬
‫ﻍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟﻰ‪ .‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻄﻰ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺒ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻳ ﹾﻘِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃﻳ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ِﻩ ِﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ[‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ِﺑﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﺔ ] ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﻋ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﺩ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍِ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪ٍ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺁ ِﻝ‬
‫ﺻﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪ِ ‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ِ n ‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺻﺢ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ(‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ﹶﺬﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪ٍ ‬ﺪ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪ٍ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺁ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻤﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﺇ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﻫﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﺁ ِﻝ ِﺇ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﻫﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﻧ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪ٍ ‬ﺪ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻴ ‪‬ﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻤﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﺇ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﻫﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﺁ ِﻝ ِﺇ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﻫﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﻧ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ِﺔ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬﻨ‪ ‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺬﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﻮ‪ ‬ﹶﺫ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺬﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﺭ ِﻩ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ(‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤﻴِﻨ ِﻪ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺢ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ِﺩ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺵ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﺭ‪ ‬ﻙ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ِﺧ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ِﻟﻠﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹸﺃ ِﻓﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺎِﺗﺤ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 27 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

،‫ﷲ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺮ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻐ ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﱠ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ‬،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﲑ ِﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﺪﺍ ِﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﺧ‬ ‫ﺸﻬ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ٍﺓ ِﻓﻴ‬
 ‫ﻙ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻳ ِﻤﻴِﻨ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬
.(‫ﺮﺍ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ﹾﻛ‬ ‫ﺠ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﻝ‬
 ‫ﻳﺎ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺭ ﹾﻛ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠﺎ‬‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺴ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠﺎ‬‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺴ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬ ‫ )ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‬:‫ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬
1. Pendahuluan
2. Berdiri untuk Mengerjakan Shalat
3. Membaca Takbiratul Ihram (Allâhu Akbar)
4. Bacaan Takbir Dijaharkan bagi Imam dan Dilirihkan bagi Makmum dan
Orang yang Mengerjakan Shalat Sendirian
5. Kesunnahan untuk Mengangkat Tangan Hingga Bahu atau Ujung Telinga
Bersamaan dengan Takbir
6. Seputar Peletakan Tangan Kanan di Atas Tangan Kiri di Bawah Pusar
7. Tentang Memandang ke Tempat Sujud
8. Membaca Doa Istiftah
9. Tentang Membaca Ta’âwwudz
10. Perihal Membaca Basmalah
11. Penegasan bahwa Bacaan Doa Istiftah, Ta’âwwudz, dan Basmalah Tidak
Dijaharkan
12. Kewajiban Membaca Al-Fatihah
13. Hukum Tentang Membaca Surah Al-Fatihah bagi Makmum
14. Tentang Makmum Membaca Surah Al-Fatihah pada Saktah Imam
15. Perihal Bacaan Surah Al-Fatihah Makmum pada Shalat Sirriyah
16. Hukum Pembacaan Surah Lain Bersama dengan Surah Al-Fatihah
17. Ketentuan Seputar Surah yang Dibaca Bersama dengan Surah Al-Fatihah:
a. Membaca Mufashshal yang Panjang pada Shalat Subuh
b. Membaca Mufashshal yang Pendek pada Shalat Maghrib
c. Membaca Mufashshal yang Pertengahan pada Seluruh Shalat Lain
18. Ketentuan Seputar Shalat yang Dijaharkan dan Disirkan
19. Ketentuan Takbir Perpindahan
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 28 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

20. Ketentuan Rukuk

21. Ketentuan Seputar Mengangkat Tangan Ketika Bertakbir Saat Rukuk
22. Meletakkan Kedua Tangan di Atas Kedua Lutut
23. Kesunnahan untuk Merenggangkan Jari-Jemari
24. Tentang Meluruskan Punggung
25. Perihal Menyejajarkan Kepala dengan Punggung
26. Tentang Doa Rukuk
27. Seputar I’tidal
28. Bacaan I’tidal
29. Mengangkat Kedua Tangan Saat I’tidal
30. Doa-Doa Saat I’tidal
31. Bacaan Makmum Ketika I’tidal
32. Tentang Takbir Saat Sujud dengan Tidak Mengangkat Tangan
33. Perihal Sujud
34. Kaifiyah Turun untuk Sujud
35. Rincian Anggota-Anggota Sujud
36. Menjauhkan Kedua Lengan dari Badan
37. Menjauhkan Perut dari Kedua Paha
38. Posisi Kedua Tangan Tatkala Sujud
39. Posisi Kedua Kaki Saat Sujud
40. Bacaan Sujud
41. Takbir Saat Bangkit dari Sujud
42. Duduk di Antara Dua Sujud
43. Kaifiyah Duduk di Antara Dua Sujud
44. Doa Duduk di Antara Dua Sujud
45. Sujud Kedua
46. Bangkit dari Sujud Kedua, Lalu Berdiri
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 29 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

47. Sebab yang Menjadikan Penulis Tidak Membahas Duduk Istirahat

48. Rakaat Kedua Sama dengan Rakaat Pertama
49. Penjelasan Tentang Duduk Tasyahud Pertama
50. Penjelasan bahwa Duduk Tasyahud Pertama Dilakukan dengan Cara
Iftirasy
51. Letak Kedua Tangan Saat Duduk Tasyahud
52. Posisi Jari-Jemari Ketika Berisyarat
53. Berisyarat dengan Telunjuk
54. Bacaan Tasyahud
55. Bacaan Shalawat
56. Bacaan Ta’âwwudz terhadap Empat Perkara
57. Salam ke Kanan dan Bacaannya
58. Salam ke Kiri
59. Ketentuan bila Shalat Lebih dari Dua Rakaat
60. Penjelasan Cara Berdiri ke Rakaat Ketiga
61. Penjelasan Tentang Bacaan pada Rakaat Ketiga dan Keempat
62. Duduk Tasyahud Akhir
63. Penjelasan Tentang Duduk Tawarruk
64. Dzikir Setelah Salam:
a. Istighfar Sebanyak Tiga Kali
b. Bacaan Allâhumma Antas Salâm …

‫ﺼﻠﺎ
ة ووا
ﺟﺒﺎ
ﺗﻬﺎ‬

 ‫ب أ ْرﻛﺎ
ن اﻟ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Rukun-Rukun dan Kewajiban-Kewajiban Shalat
:‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﻬﺎ ﺍﹾﺛ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺭ ﹶﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﺮﺍ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﲑ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬
 ‫ﺗ ﹾﻜِﺒ‬‫ﻭ‬ (٢) [‫ﺭ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ] ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫( ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬١)
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱡﻄ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﺄِﻧﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭ ِﻗ ‪‬ﺮﺍ َﺀ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺎِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪ ‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﺧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹸﻛﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹸﻠﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ] ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋﻀ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮِﺗﻴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻧﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹸﻠﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹸﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗِﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻤﻴ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ِﺩ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﹰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺢ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹸﻛﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺴِﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜِﺒﲑ‪ِ ‬ﺓ ﺍ ِﻹ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺟ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹾﻜِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹸﻠﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪ ‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ ‬ﹸﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ‪َ :‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻲ ﺍ ﹾﻏ ِﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻤﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹾﻓ ِﻊ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹸﻛﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ؛ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺬ ِﻩ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﺧ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ِ n ‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻬ ِﻮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻄ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisi Rukun-Rukun Shalat‬‬
‫‪2. Definisi Kewajiban-Kewajiban Shalat‬‬
‫‪3. Rincian Kedua Belas Rukun Shalat Secara Global:‬‬
‫‪a. Berdiri Bila Mampu‬‬
‫‪b. Takbiratul Ihram‬‬
‫‪c. Membaca Surah Al-Fatihah‬‬
‫‪d. Rukuk‬‬
‫)‪e. Bangkit dari Rukuk (I’tidal‬‬
‫‪f. Sujud di Atas Tujuh Anggota Tubuh‬‬
‫‪g. Duduk di Antara Dua Sujud‬‬
‫‪h. Tuma’ninah pada Seluruh Rukun‬‬
‫‪i. Tasyahud Akhir‬‬
‫‪j. Duduk pada Tasyahud Akhir‬‬
‫‪k. Salam Pertama‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 31 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

l. Tertib dalam Seluruh Rukun

4. Bila Rukun Shalat Ditinggalkan
5. Rincian Tujuh Kewajiban Shalat:
a. Membaca Takbir Perpindahan
b. Membaca Doa Sujud dan Rukuk Sebanyak Sekali
c. Membaca Sami’allâhu Liman Hamidah bagi Imam dan Orang yang
Mengerjakan Shalat Sendiri Serta Rabbanâ Wa Lakal Hamdu bagi
Imam, Makmum, dan Orang yang Mengerjakan Shalat Sendiri Ketika
Bangkit dari Rukuk
d. Membaca Rabbighfirlî Saat Duduk di Antara Dua Sujud
e. Tasyahud Awal
f. Duduk Tasyahud Awal
g. Bershalawat kepada Nabi n pada Tasyahud Akhir
6. Bila Kewajiban Shalat Ditinggalkan
7. Selain Rukun dan Kewajiban Shalat Adalah Sunnah-Sunnah Shalat

‫ب ﺳﺠﻮ
د اﻟ ﺴ ْﻬ
ﻮ‬

 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Sujud Sahwi
:‫ﺏ‬
ٍ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬
،‫ﻬ ِﻮ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺪ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻤ ِﺪ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ِﺑ‬‫ﺒ ﹸﻄ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﺭ ﹾﻛ ٍﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻌ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹾﻛ‬ ‫ ﹶﻛ‬:‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ‬‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺼ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻦ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﻌ ٍﻞ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹸﺓ ِﻓ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ ِﺯ‬:‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﻬﺎ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻰ ِﺑ‬‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎِﺗ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺺ ِﻓﻲ‬
ٍ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﱠ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎ ِﻝ‬
 ‫ﺲ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺟ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﺍِﺋ‬‫ﻌ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺰ‬ ‫ ﹾﻛ‬‫ﻮ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻌ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭِﺇ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺴﲑ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﺍ ﹶﺃ‬‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻛِﺜﲑ‬،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ﹶﻟﺎ‬‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺼ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻦ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﺲ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ .‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺳ‬
.[‫ﺱ ]ِﺑ ِﻪ‬
 ‫ﺑ ﹾﺄ‬ ‫ﺸ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ‬
 ‫ﻌﺎِﺋ‬ ‫ﺏ ِﻟ‬
 ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﺤ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﹸﺃ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ ِﻓﻲ‬n ‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﻌ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﹶﻛ ِﻔ‬
‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋﻤ‬‫ﺘِﺘﻢ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ ِﻝ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻛ‬‫ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‬‫ﺸﻬ‬
 ‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗﺎ‬
ٍ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ِﻥ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺺ ﹶﻛِﻨ‬
 ‫ ﹾﻘ‬‫ ﺍﻟﻨ‬:‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬
‫ﺗﻰ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬‫ﻊ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻌ ٍﺔ ﹸﺃ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹾﻛ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ َﺀ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﺮﻭ ِﻋ ِﻪ ِﻓﻲ ِﻗ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻩ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻛ‬‫ﺭ ﹾﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻊ‬ ِ‫ﺮﺟ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋﻤ‬‫ﺘﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ‬ ،‫ﺗﻰ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬‫ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 32 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ﺮ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺕ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻛ‬
ٍ ‫ﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻊ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻣ‬
ٍ ‫ﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﻄﹶ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺪ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭِﺑ‬
.‫ﺕ‬
ٍ ‫ﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺙ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ ﹾﺄِﺗﻲ ِﺑﹶﺜ ﹶﻠﺎ‬ ‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﻌ ﹲﺔ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹾﻛ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺼﺤ‬
 ‫ﺤﺎ ِﻝ ﹶﻓ‬
 ‫ﺪ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ِﺪ‬‫ﺸﻬ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬
‫ﺕ‬
ِ ‫ﻌﺎ‬ ‫ ﹶﻛ‬‫ﺪ ِﺩ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ ِﻓﻲ‬‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻛ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹾﻛ ِﻦ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻙ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ ِﻓﻲ‬‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻤﺘ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﻚ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺸ‬:‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ‬
.‫ ِﻪ‬‫ﺐ ﹶﻇﻨ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻏﺎِﻟ‬ ‫ﺒِﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‬‫ﺧﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬
ِ ‫ﻴ ِﻘ‬‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﻰ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻏﺎِﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﻰ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻡ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ،‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎِﺗ ِﻪ‬
 ‫ﺺ ِﻓﻲ‬
ٍ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﱠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﻡ؛ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﻗ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻬ ٍﻮ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ‬
‫ﻣﻮ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹾﺄ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺲ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﱢ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺸﻬ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﻣ ِﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‬،‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﻡ‬‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ ِﺩ ﹶﻗ‬
 ‫ﻲ ِﻟﻠﺴ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺳ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ،‫ ِﻪ‬‫ﹶﻇﻨ‬
‫ﺟﺎ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﺢ ِﻟﻠﺮ‬
 ‫ﺴِﺒﻴ‬
 ‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎِﺗ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﺎﻟﺘ‬
 ‫ﺮ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺇ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﺇ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻬ ٍﻮ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﺳ‬
.‫ﺴﺎ ِﺀ‬
 ‫ﻖ ِﻟﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﺼ ِﻔﻴ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‬
1. Definisi Sujud Sahwi
2. Bentuk-Bentuk Sujud Sahwi
3. Kelupaan Berupa Penambahan
4. Ketentuan Seputar Penambahan yang Berupa Jenis Shalat
5. Kewajiban Orang yang Mengetahui bahwa Dirinya Berada pada Rakaat
Tambahan
6. Tentang Orang yang Mengucapkan Salam, Padahal Belum
Menyempurnakan Shalat
7. Ketentuan Seputar Penambahan yang Berupa Selain Jenis Shalat
8. Kelupaan Berupa Pengurangan
9. Ketentuan Seputar Pengurangan Kewajiban Shalat
10. Ketentuan Seputar Pengurangan Rukun Shalat
11. Tentang Orang yang Lupa Mengerjakan Empat Sujud pada Empat
Rakaat, Kemudian Mengingat Kelupaan Itu Saat Tasyahud Akhir
12. Kelupaan Berupa Keraguan
13. Ketentuan Seputar Keraguan karena Meninggalkan Rukun Shalat
14. Ketentuan Seputar Keraguan pada Jumlah Rakaat Shalat untuk Imam dan
Makmum
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪15. Letak Sujud Sahwi Sebelum Salam‬‬

‫‪16. Letak Sujud Sahwi Setelah Salam‬‬
‫‪17. Bila Seseorang Lupa Mengerjakan Sujud Sahwi Sebelum Salam‬‬
‫‪18. Hukum Tasyahud Setelah Sujud Sahwi‬‬
‫‪19. Tentang Salam Setelah Sujud Sahwi‬‬
‫‪20. Apakah Makmum Mengerjakan Sujud Sahwi jika Lupa di Belakang‬‬
‫?‪Imam‬‬
‫‪21. Kewajiban Makmum untuk Mengikuti Imam dalam Sujud Sahwi‬‬
‫‪22. Cara Makmum Laki-Laki dan Perempuan dalam Mengingatkan Imam‬‬
‫‪yang Lupa‬‬

‫ﻄ ﻮ
ع‬
‫ﺻﻠﺎ
ة اﻟ ﺘ ‬
‫ب ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫’‪Bab Shalat Tathawwu‬‬
‫ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪n‬؛‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻔ ﹾﻈ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺗ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪ :c‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺎ ِﺀ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‬
‫ﺏ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﺫﱠ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺆﺫﱢ ﹸﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﺘِﻨﻲ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ[ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ]ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ِﻔﻴ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺁ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺇﺣ‪ ‬ﺪﻯ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟﹶﺜ ِﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹸﻛﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ] ،‬ﻭ[‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ِﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻧﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹲ‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﲑ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻄ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄﻮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹶﻄﻮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﺎِﺋ ِﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﺎ ِﻋ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﺜ‪‬ﻨﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﺜ‪‬ﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛﺔﹸ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺴﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﻀﺎ ﹶﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸﺎ ِﺀ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺮﺍ ِﻭﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ‪ِ ،‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺒ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹰﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻑ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ :‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﺔ‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻃ ِﻮﻳ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﻛﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻃ ِﻮﻳﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹸﺃ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺎِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺒ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺍﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻜﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹸﺃ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺎِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻃ ِﻮﻳ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻃ ِﻮﻳ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ِﻄﻴ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑﻊ‪ ‬ﺭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺨﺸ‪ِ ‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻘﺎ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺍِﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺐ ِﺑ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜِﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺨ ﹸﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ِﺑ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺮ‪ِ ‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﺬﻟﱢ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒﺬﱢِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﱢﻣ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻮ‪ ‬ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍِﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬ﻐ ﹶﻔﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻭِﺗ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ‪‬ﻳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺩﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤﺞ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ‪ِ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤ ِﻊ ‪‬ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻟﻠﺘ‪‬ﺎِﻟﻲ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫’‪1. Definisi Shalat Tathawwu‬‬
‫‪2. Lima Bentuk Shalat Tathawwu’ Secara Global‬‬
‫‪3. Pertama: Shalat Sunnah Rawatib‬‬
‫‪4. Jumlah Shalat Sunnah Rawatib‬‬
‫‪5. Shalat Sunnah Rawatib Terafdhal‬‬
‫‪6. Kesunnahan Tentang Meringankan Pelaksanaan Shalat Dua Rakaat‬‬
‫‪Sebelum Shalat Subuh‬‬
‫‪7. Kesunnahan Tentang Mengerjakan Shalat Sunnah Dua Rakaat Sebelum‬‬
‫‪Shalat Subuh dan Shalat Sunnah Dua Rakaat Setelah Shalat Maghrib di‬‬
‫‪Rumah‬‬
‫‪8. Kedua: Shalat Witir‬‬
‫‪9. Waktu Pelaksanaan Shalat Witir‬‬
‫‪10. Jumlah Rakaat Minimal Shalat Witir‬‬
‫‪11. Jumlah Rakaat Maksimal Shalat Witir‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 35 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

12. Ukuran Minimal Kesempurnaan Shalat Witir

13. Syariat dan Tempat Qunut Witir
14. Ketiga: Shalat Tathawwu’ Mutlak
15. Pelaksanaan Shalat Tathawwu’ Lebih Afdhal pada Malam Hari daripada
Siang Hari
16. Pelaksanaan Shalat Tathawwu’ Saat Seperdua Malam Terakhir Lebih
Afdhal daripada Saat Seperdua Malam Pertama
17. Tentang Shalat Malam Dua Rakaat-Dua Rakaat
18. Perbandingan Antara Shalat Duduk dan Shalat Berdiri
19. Keempat: Shalat Tathawwu’ yang Disunnahkan Secara Berjamaah:
a. Shalat Tarawih
• Jumlah Rakaat Shalat Tarawih
• Waktu Pelaksanaan Shalat Tarawih
b. Shalat Kusuf (Shalat Gerhana)
• Penjelasan bahwa Pelaksanaan Shalat Kusuf Disyariatkan Secara
Berjamaah dan Secara Sendirian
• Kaifiyah Shalat Kusuf
c. Shalat Istisqa (Shalat Minta Hujan)
• Sebab Pensyariatan Shalat Istisqa
• Kaifiyah Keluar untuk Menghadiri Pelaksanaan Shalat Istisqa
• Kaifiyah Shalat Istisqa
• Khutbah dalam Shalat Istisqa
• Beberapa Hal yang Disunnahkan Setelah Shalat Istisqa
• Tentang Ahludz Dzimmah yang Ikut Menghadiri Pelaksanaan
Shalat Istisqa
20. Kelima: Sujud Tilawah
21. Jumlah Sujud Tilawah
22. Siapa Saja yang Disunnahkan untuk Mengerjakan Sujud Tilawah?
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 36 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

23. Kaifiyah Sujud Tilawah

‫ﺼﻠﺎ
ة ﻓ
ﻴﻬﺎ‬
 ‫ﻲ ﻋ
ﻦ اﻟ‬
 ‫ت ا ﻟﺘ
ﻲ ﻧ
ﻬ‬

‫ب اﻟ ﺴﺎﻋﺎ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Waktu-Waktu Terlarang dalam Pelaksanaan Shalat
‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ِﻣ‬‫ﺪ ِﻗ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻋ‬ ،‫ﺢ‬
ٍ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﻗﻴ‬ ‫ﺗ ِﻔ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹸﻃ ﹸﻠﻮ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺲ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹾﻄ ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ :‫ﺲ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻟﺎ‬
 ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﻀﻴ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺲ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺸ‬
 ‫ﻀﻴ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺼ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺰﻭ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬
‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶﺓ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
ِ ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹾﻛ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺪ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﺔ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹸﺃ ِﻗﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺩ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ] ِﻓﻲ[ ِﺇ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺗ ﹶﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ِﻓﻴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ُﺀ‬
 ‫ﺯ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺼ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭ ﹾﻗ‬ ‫ﺐ ِﻓﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﻭﺍِﺗ‬ ‫ﻨ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‬‫ﻀﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﺴ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ،‫ﺯ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
.‫ﺕ‬
ِ ‫ﺿﺎ‬
 ‫ﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
1. Penjelasan Lima Waktu Terlarang dalam Mengerjakan Shalat Tathawwu’:
a. Setelah Shalat Subuh Hingga Matahari Terbit
b. Tatkala Matahari Mulai Terbit Hingga Setinggi Satu Tombak
c. Ketika Matahari Tepat Berada di Tengah Langit
d. Setelah Shalat Ashar Hingga Matahari Akan Terbenam
e. Ketika Matahari Terbenam Awal Kali Hingga Terbenam Sempurna
2. Pengecualian terhadap Waktu Terlarang:
a. Pengulangan Shalat Berjamaah Tatkala Seseorang Berada di Masjid
b. Shalat dua Rakaat Setelah Thawaf
c. Shalat Jenazah
d. Shalat Sunnah Rawatib yang Diqadha
3. Apakah Pengecualian Tersebut terhadap Sebagian ataukah Seluruh Waktu
Terlarang?
4. Tentang Mengqadha Shalat Wajib pada Waktu Terlarang
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ
ﺈﻣﺎ ﻣ
ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Keimaman Shalat‬‬
‫ﷲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺏﺍ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟ ِﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ٍﺩ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭﻱ‪z‬ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭﻯ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪] ‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ[ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴِﺘ ِﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ َﺀ ِﺓ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ًﺀ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ِ ‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧﻮﺍ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ًﺀ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣِﺒ ِﻪ‪ِ)) :‬ﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻣِﺘ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫِﻧ ِﻪ((‪ .‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎﻝﹶ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫] ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻄﺎِﻧ ِﻪ[ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻗ ‪‬ﺮﺍ َﺀ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘﺎ ِﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺆﺫﱢ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺆﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ((‪ .‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺗﺎ ِﺭ ِﻙ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﻣﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺳﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻓﺎ ِﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲﺓ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱡﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺍ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺟ ﹸﻠﻮﺳ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ِﺪﹶﺋ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻰ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ‪‬ﺟﺎِﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺤﻲ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ٍﻦ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺤِ‬‫ﺲ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻣ‪‬ﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺍ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻗ‪‬ﻴﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞّ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑﻤِ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺨ ﱡﻞ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺎِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺽ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﻔﱢ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﻣﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﹾﺋِﺘ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﺿ‪ِ ‬ﺊ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪ِ ‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﺭ ِﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻗﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﺭ ِﻩ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ﹸﻔﻮﺍ ﹸﻗﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ﹸﻔﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ﹸﻔﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺟﺎِﻧ‪‬ﺒﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﺎ ِﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻒ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ٍﺀ ﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹲﺓ ِﺑِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠ ِ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ُﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻡ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻨﺎﹶﺛﻰ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ٌﺀ ﹸﻗﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﺎ ﹸﻝ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﹸﻥ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﹲﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻨﺎﹶﺛﻰ ‪‬ﻭِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ] ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ[ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹸﻛﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬

‫’‪1. Definisi Al-Imâmah ‘Keimaman Shalat‬‬

‫‪2. Penjelasan Hadits Abu Mas’ûd Al-Badry Tentang Keimaman Shalat‬‬
‫‪3. Penjelasan Hadits Malik bin Al-Huwairits Tentang Keimaman Shalat‬‬
‫‪4. Hukum Pelaksanaan Shalat di Belakang Imam yang Shalatnya Tidak Sah‬‬
‫‪5. Hukum Pelaksanaan Shalat di Belakang Imam yang Meninggalkan Salah‬‬
‫‪Satu Rukun Shalat‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 38 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

6. Apa yang Makmum Lakukan Bila Imam Mengerjakan Shalat dalam

Keadaan Duduk?
7. Tentang Keimaman Seorang Perempuan
8. Tentang Keimaman Orang yang Menderita Salasul Baul
9. Tentang Imam yang Tidak Pandai Membaca Surah Al-Fatihah atau Salah
dalam Membaca Sebagian Surah Al-Fatihah
10. Tentang Bermakmum di Belakang Imam yang Berthaharah dengan
Tayammum
11. Tentang Bermakmum dengan Mengerjakan Shalat Wajib di Belakang
Orang yang Mengerjakan Shalat Sunnah
12. Posisi Makmum Jika Hanya Berdua Bersama Imam
13. Posisi Makmum Perempuan yang Bersama dengan Imam Laki-Laki
14. Posisi Makmum Laki-Laki yang Berjumlah Lebih dari Satu Orang
15. Hukum Makmum yang Berada di Sisi Kanan dan Kiri Imam
16. Hukum Para Makmum yang Berada di Depan atau di Sebelah Kiri Imam
17. Posisi Imam Perempuan terhadap Makmum Perempuan
18. Keimaman Seseorang Bila Berada di Tengah Orang-Orang yang Tidak
Berpakaian
19. Pengurutan Jika Jamaah Terdiri dari Laki-Laki, Anak Kecil, Khuntsâ, dan
Perempuan
20. Ukuran dalam Hal Mendapatkan Shalat Berjamaah

‫ﺾ‬

‫ﺻﻠﺎ
ة ا ْﻟ ﻤﺮ
ﻳ‬
 ‫ب‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Shalat bagi Orang Sakit
‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﻨِﺒ ِﻪ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻖ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﻄ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﺎِﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ‬
 ‫ﺿ ِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺰﻳ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﺾ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬
 ‫ﻤ ِﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺷﻖ‬ ‫ﻚ(( ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬
 ‫ﻨِﺒ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻊ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻄ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬،‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺎ ِﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻄ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻞﱢ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋﻤ‬
 )) :‫ﻴ ٍﻦ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ِﻌ‬n
‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎِﺋ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻓﻲ ِﺇ ﹾﻏ‬
ِ ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ُﺀ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﹶﺄ ِﺑ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ ِﺩ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
ِ ‫ ﹸﻛﻮ‬‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻬ ِﺮ ِﻩ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻇ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺖ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬

‫ﺸﺎ َﺀ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ٍﺓ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺷﻖ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ِﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤﻊ ِ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﺬ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ِﻧﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟﻰ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻮ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃﺧ‪ ‬ﺮ ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘِﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﺬ ِﺭ ِﺇِﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻄ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻓ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺸﺎ َﺀ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﺎﺻ‪ ‬ﹰﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Pendahuluan Seputar Orang Sakit‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Shalat Duduk dan Baring bagi Orang Sakit‬‬
‫‪3. Seputar Qadha Shalat yang Ditinggalkan Saat Seseorang Pingsan‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Menjamak Shalat bagi Orang Sakit‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Pensyaratan Niat Shalat Jamak‬‬
‫‪6. Perihal Menjamak Shalat Hanya Diperbolehkan Bila Udzur Masih Ada‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Waktu Tenggang Antara Dua Shalat yang Akan Dijamak‬‬
‫‪8. Tentang Syarat Jamak Takhir‬‬
‫‪9. Tentang Pembolehan bagi Musafir untuk Mengqashar Shalat‬‬
‫‪10. Perihal Menjamak Shalat Ketika Hujan‬‬

‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺻﻠﺎ
ة ا ْﻟ ﻤﺴﺎ
ﻓ
‬
‫ب ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Shalat bagi Musafir‬‬

‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒﺎﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻗﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳﺨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻔ ِﺮ ِﻩ ِﺳﺘ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻔ ٍﺮ‬
‫ﻀ ٍﺮ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﺬ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﻋﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ‪‬ﺧﺎﺻ‪ ‬ﹰﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ‪‬ﺗﻢ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻘﻴ ٍﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻯ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻓ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳِﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ِﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍ ِﻻﹾﺋِﺘ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﺬ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹰﺓ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 40 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

1. Definisi Musafir
2. Ketentuan Safar yang membolehkan Qashar
3. Shalat yang Diqashar Hanyalah yang Berjumlah Empat Rakaat
4. Empat Keadaan Musafir yang Tidak Memperbolehkan untuk Menqashar
Shalat:
a. Ketika Bermakmum di Belakang Seorang Muqim
b. Jika Tidak Meniatkan untuk Mengqashar Shalat
c. Jika Lupa Mengerjakan Suatu Shalat yang Mestinya Dikerjakan Saat
Muqim
d. Bila Lupa Mengerjakan Suatu Shalat Saat Safar Sedang Shalat Tersebut
Dia Ingat Setelah Muqim
5. Apakah Seorang Musafir Boleh Menyempurnakan Shalat (Tidak
Mengqashar)?
6. Keafdhalan Mengqashar Shalat bagi Musafir
7. Berapa Lama Seorang Musafir Diperbolehkan untuk Menjamak Shalat?

‫ف‬

‫ﺻﻠﺎ
ة ا ْﻟ ﺨ ْﻮ‬
 ‫ب‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Shalat Khauf
‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺎ‬‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ،n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﺎ‬
 ‫ﺻ ﹶﻔ ٍﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺫ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ‬
 ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺗﻤ‬‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹶﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺔ‬‫ﻡ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻗﺎ‬،‫ﻌ ﹰﺔ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹾﻛ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ‬ ،‫ﺱ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ؛ ﹶﻃﺎِﺋ ﹶﻔ ﹰﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻃﺎِﺋ ﹶﻔ‬
،‫ﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻌ ٍﺔ ﹸﺃ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹾﻛ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﺑ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺖ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ِﺪ ﹶﻗﺎ‬‫ﺸﻬ‬
 ‫ﺲ ِﻟﻠﺘ‬
 ‫ﺟ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ‬،‫ﻴ ﹶﺔ‬‫ﻌ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ‬ ‫ ﹾﻛ‬‫ﻪ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺼﻠﱠ‬
 ‫ﺮﻯ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ‬
ِ ‫ﺟﺎ َﺀ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺱ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻳﻮ ِﻣﹸﺌﻮ ﹶﻥ‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬‫ﺒﺎﻧ‬‫ﺭ ﹾﻛ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ ﹰﻻ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠ‬
 ‫ﻑ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺘﺪ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻢ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﱢ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺸﻬ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﻫ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻈ‬‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻌ ِﻠ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﻓ‬
 ‫ﺘﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﹸﻛﻞﱠ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
ٍ ‫ﺧﺎِﺋ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ‬ ،‫ﺠﻮ ِﺩ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
ِ ‫ ﹸﻛﻮ‬‫ِﺑﺎﻟﺮ‬
.‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ‬
ٍ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ِﻣ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Pembolehan Shalat Khauf Menurut Kaifiyah Shalat yang Nabi n‬‬
‫‪Contohkan‬‬
‫‪3. Salah Satu Kaifiyah Shalat Khauf‬‬
‫‪4. Bentuk Shalat Khauf dalam Kondisi Ketakutan yang Sangat Besar‬‬
‫‪5. Beberapa Kondisi yang Memperbolehkan Seseorang untuk Mengerjakan‬‬
‫‪Shalat Khauf‬‬

‫ﺻﻠﺎ
ة ا ْﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻌ
ﺔ‬
‫ب ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Shalat Jum’at‬‬
‫ﻚ[‬
‫ﺦ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ] ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻃﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑِﺒ‪‬ﻨﺎ ٍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻜ‪‬ﺘﻮ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﺔ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
‫ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻄ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪ ‬ﻌ ﹸﺬﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪ِ‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺬﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺎﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ‬
‫ﲔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻮِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِﻥ‪ِ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻃِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮِﻟ ِﻪ ‪ n‬ﻭ ِﻗ ‪‬ﺮﺍ َﺀ ﹸﺓ ﺁ‪‬ﻳ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻋ ﹶﻈ ﹸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮﹶﺃﺫﱠ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺆﺫﱢ ﹸﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹸﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺗ ﹶﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻨ ِﺰ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹸﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹸﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻓﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ َﺀ ِﺓ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ﹸﻇ ‪‬ﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺔ‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹸﻇ ‪‬ﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ﹸﺔ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣﻨ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫]ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ٍﺓ[ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻜﱢ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺟﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ِﻈﻴ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻄﻴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ِ ‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹸﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻳﻮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ِﻓﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹸﻄ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 42 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

1. Definisi Jum’at
2. Kewajiban Tentang Menghadiri Shalat Jum’at
3. Syarat Orang yang Wajib Menghadiri Shalat Jum’at
4. Orang-Orang yang Mendapat Udzur untuk Tidak Menghadiri Shalat
Jum’at
5. Sahkah Shalat Jumat yang Dikerjakan oleh Orang yang Mendapat Udzur?
6. Bila Orang yang Mendapat Udzur Menghadiri Shalat Jum’at, Apakah
Mereka Terhitung ke dalam Jumlah Pensyaratan Shalat Jum’at?
7. Syarat Keabsahan Shalat Jum’at:
a. Dilaksanakan Tepat Waktu
• Awal dan Akhir Waktu Shalat Jum’at
b. Dilaksanakan di Suatu Negeri
c. Dihadiri oleh Sejumlah Jamaah yang Cukup
d. Didahului dengan Dua Khutbah
8. Memulai Khutbah dengan Hamdalah
9. Hukum Pembacaan Shalawat pada Khutbah
10. Hukum Pembacaan Suatu Ayat Al-Qur`an pada Khutbah
11. Kewajiban Mau’izhah pada Materi Khutbah
12. Kesunnahan Tentang Berkhutbah di Atas Mimbar
13. Berkhutbah dengan Menghadap ke Arah Manusia Seraya Memberi Salam
14. Tentang Duduknya Khatib Hingga Adzan Selesai
15. Tentang Kewajiban Berdiri Saat Khutbah
16. Tentang Khutbah Pertama
17. Tentang Duduk di Antara Dua Khutbah
18. Tentang Khutbah Kedua
19. Shalat Jum’at Dua Rakaat Setelah Khutbah
20. Haruskah Khatib yang Menjadi Imam Shalat?
21. Menjaharkan Bacaan pada Shalat Jum’at
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪43‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪22. Jumlah Rakaat Shalat Jum’at bagi Masbuk‬‬

‫‪23. Jika Waktu Telah Berlalu atau Jumlah Kewajiban Jum’at Berkurang‬‬
‫‪Sedang Mereka Baru Menunaikan Satu Rakaat‬‬
‫‪24. Hukum Penegakan Dua Shalat Jum’at dalam Satu Negeri‬‬
‫‪25. Kesunnahan untuk Mandi Jum’at‬‬
‫‪26. Kesunnahan untuk Berpakaian Bersih‬‬
‫‪27. Kesunnahan untuk Menggunakan Wewanigan‬‬
‫‪28. Kesunnahan untuk Berangkat Lebih Awal ke Masjid‬‬
‫‪29. Tentang Shalat Tahiyyatul Masjid Saat Khatib Sedang Berkhutbah‬‬
‫‪30. Hukum Tentang Berbicara Saat Khatib Berkhutbah‬‬
‫‪31. Hukum Tentang Menjawab Pembicaraan Khatib‬‬

‫ﺻﻠﺎ
ة ا ْﻟﻌ
ﻴ ﺪ ْﻳ
ﻦ‬

‫ب ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Shalat Id‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻣ ِﻦ‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜ ﹶﻔﺎ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔ ﹾﻄ ِﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻰ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄ ِﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬‫ﺠﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺢ[ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭﺍ ِﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺲ ]ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ٍ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺭِﺗ ﹶﻔﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺣﻠﱠ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻄﻴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﻈﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔ ﹾﻄ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺧﺎﺻ‪ ‬ﹰﺔ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ِﺔ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺼﻠﱠﻰ ِﺑ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ِﺑ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹶﺫﺍ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇ ﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻜِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹸﺃ‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﲑ ٍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺑ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻓ ﹾﻄﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻓﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺍﺀَ ِﺓ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺳﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺎِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﺳﻨ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﻔﱠ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭﺍِﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹾﻜِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿِ‬‫ﺤﻰ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ َﺀ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻔِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ِﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﻣ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻔِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻫﺎ[ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄﻮ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ ] ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺐ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 44 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ‬
 ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﺔ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺾ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺮﺍِﺋ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ‬
 ‫ﻋ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﺤﻰ‬
‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﻜﺒ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻳ ِﻦ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﻴ‬‫ﻴ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﲑ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ ﹾﻜِﺒ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺔ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﺻﻠﹶﺎ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ‬
 ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﻜﺒ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻡ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‬ ‫ﺤ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ ﹸﳌ‬،‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ‬
 ‫ﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﻦ ﺁ ِﺧ ِﺮ ﹶﺃﻳ‬ ‫ﺼ ِﺮ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺔ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ‬
‫ﻭِﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ‬
ُ ‫ﺮ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ‬
ُ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﷲ‬
ُ ‫ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬،‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ‬
ُ ‫ﺮ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ‬
ُ ‫ ﺍ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ ﹾﻔﻌ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
ِ ‫ ﹾﻜِﺒ‬‫ﺻ ﹶﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ‬
 ‫ﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﻦ ﺁ ِﺧ ِﺮ ﹶﺃﻳ‬ ‫ِﻣ‬
.‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
1. Definisinya dan Beberapa Ketentuan Seputar Makna Id
2. Hukum Menghadiri Shalat Id
3. Jumlah yang Wajib untuk Pelaksanaan Shalat Id
4. Waktu Shalat Id
5. Kesunnahan Melaksanakan Shalat Id di Lapangan
6. Kesunnahan Menyegerakan Idul Adha dan Mengakhirkan Idul Fitri
7. Kesunnahan Makan Sebelum Menghadiri Idul Fitri
8. Kesunnahan Mandi, Berbersih, dan Memakai Wewangian
9. Tentang Pelaksanaan Shalat Id Dua Rakaat
10. Tiada Adzan dan Iqamah Sebelum Shalat Id
11. Ketentuan Takbir Tujuh Kali pada Rakaat Pertama
12. Ketentuan Takbir Lima Kali pada Rakaat Kedua
13. Ketentuan Mengangkat Tangan pada Setiap Takbir
14. Tentang Bacaan Antara Dua Takbir
15. Tentang Membaca Al-Fatihah dan Sebuah Surah pada Setiap Rakaat
16. Kewajiban untuk Menjaharkan Bacaan
17. Tentang Khutbah Id
18. Beberapa Ketentuan Seputar Materi Khutbah
19. Hukum Takbir Tambahan pada Shalat Id
20. Hukum Tentang Mendengarkan Dua Khutbah
21. Hukum Shalat Sunnah Sebelum atau Setelah Khutbah
22. Ketentuan Seputar Masbuk pada Shalat Id
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 45 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

23. Ketentuan bagi yang Luput Mengerjakan Shalat Id

24. Seputar Bertakbir pada Malam Idul Fitri dan Idul Adha
25. Seputar Bertakbir Selepas Shalat Wajib pada Idul Adha dan Hari-Hari
Tasyrik
26. Shîghah Bacaan Takbir

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْﺠﻨﺎ
ﺋ
ﺰ‬

‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Jenazah‬‬
‫ﺤﺪِﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ٍﺓ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻄِﻨ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺁ ﹲﺓ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻏﹶ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴﻘﱢ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﺃ ﹾﻏ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﺠّﻴ ِﻪ ]ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ[ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﺿ‪‬ﹸﺌ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻓﻴﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹸﻠﻒ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪ ِﻩ ِﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻗ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﹰﺓ ﹶﺛﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺛﺎِﻟﹶﺜ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤﺮ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪ٍ ‬ﺓ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ٍﺭ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ِ ‬ﺷﻘﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﹶﺄ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺿﻮ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨﻖ‪ِ ‬ﺑﹶﺜ ﹶﻠﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓِﺒ ِﻄ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺪ‪ ‬ﻩ ِﺑ ﹸﻘ ﹾﻄ ٍﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ِﺩ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻃﻴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﻛﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺿ ِﻊ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐﺎِﺑِﻨ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﱢﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ٍﻊ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨﺸ‪ ‬ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ٍ‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠﻤ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹶﻔﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ِﺭ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻇﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻃ ِﻮﻳ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺺ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻗ ِﻤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﺑﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺍِﺋ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﻔﱠ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ ﹶﺃﹾﺛ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺔ‬
‫ﺏ ] ِﻓﻲ[ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ ِﺔ ﹶﺃﹾﺛ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻜﻔﱠ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ٍﺭ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ ﹶﻔﺎ ﹶﻓ ٍﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭﺍﺟ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛﻔﱢ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻗ ِﻤﻴ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ٍﺭ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ ﹶﻔﺎ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ ‬ﻪ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﹾﻓِﻨ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﲑ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ‬
‫ﺴﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﺄﹶ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﺍ ﹾﻏ ِﻔ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ :‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹸﺃ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺎِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﺜ ‪‬ﻮﺍ‪‬ﻧﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ‪‬ﻧﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ‪‬ﻧﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧﹶﺜﺎ‪‬ﻧﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪ ‬‬
‫ﲑ‪‬ﻧﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛِﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ِﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻴ‪ِ‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ِﻫ ِﺪ‪‬ﻧﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏﺎِﺋِﺒ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻗ ِﺪﻳ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣِﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ِ ‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﻓﱠ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﻓﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﺍ ﹾﻏ ِﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺨ ﹶﻄﺎ‪‬ﻳﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺞ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺩ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧﻘﱢ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠ ﹾﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﺳ‪ ‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﹾﻏ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ِﻓ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ ِﺪﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ِﺭ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻮﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺭ ِﻩ‪ ] ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺾ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨﻘﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺮ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧﻮ‪ ‬ﺭ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ(‪ .‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨّﺎ ِﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺬﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ِﻋ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺬﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺟ ِﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ٍﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤﻴِﻨ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‪،‬‬

‫ﺤﻲ‪ِ [‬ﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ َﺀ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻧﻰ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ِﺀ ]ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹾﻜِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻏﺎِﺋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ِﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠّﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺮ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪﻭ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹶﻘ ﱡﻄ ِﻊ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣِﺒ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ٍﺀ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪ ‬ﻢ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﻟِ ﹸﻜﻞﱟ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ٍﻝ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹸﻠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﻞ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻞﱠ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻪِ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨﺤ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ِﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐﺴ‪ ‬ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪ِ ‬ﻬﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ِﺛ‪‬ﻴﺎِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛﻔﱢ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻃﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐﻄﱠﻰ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺨﻴﻄﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐﺴ‪ ‬ﹸﻞ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ٍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹸﻇ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﺻِﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﱠِﺒ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﺩ ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺴ‪ ‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺁ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮّﺍ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻧ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻜﺎ ُﺀ ] ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ[ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺰ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ِﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺇِ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ِﺑ ِﺰ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ‪‬ﺒﻮ ِﺭ ِﻟﻠﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﺎ ِﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺳ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ِﺭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ٍﺔ‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄ ﹸﻝ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻔِﺘﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﹾﻏ ِﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺣ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻢ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪ِ ‬‬
‫‪1. Beberapa Pendahuluan‬‬
‫‪2. Beberapa Sunnah terhadap Orang yang Ruhnya Baru Keluar‬‬
‫‪3. Hukum Memandikan Mayit‬‬
‫‪4. Menutup Aurat Mayit Saat Pemandian‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Mengurut Perut Mayit‬‬
‫‪6. Cara Membersihkan Kotoran yang Keluar dari Mayit‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Mewudhukan Mayit‬‬
‫‪8. Mencuci Kepala dan Janggut dengan Air dan Bidara‬‬
‫‪9. Mendahulukan yang Kanan Kemudian yang Kiri dalam Pemandian‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 48 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

10. Jumlah Cucian terhadap Mayit

11. Tentang Menggosok dengan Tangan
12. Bila Kotoran Masih Keluar Setelah Pemandian
13. Tentang Mengeringkan Badan Mayit Sebelum Dikafani
14. Tentang Memberi Wewangian kepada Badan Mayit
15. Tentang Mengharumkan Kafan Mayit
16. Tentang Memotong Kumis dan Kuku Mayit
17. Tentang Menyisir Rambut Mayit
18. Ketentuan Seputar Rambut Mayit Perempuan
19. Hukum Mengafani
20. Ketentuan Jumlah, Warna, dan Bentuk Kafan
21. Cara Mengafani Mayit Laki-Laki
22. Jika Kain Kafan Berbeda Bentuk
23. Cara Mengafani Mayit Perempuan
24. Siapa yang Paling Berhak Memandikan, Menshalati, dan Menguburkan
Mayit?
25. Hukum Shalat Jenazah
26. Kaifiyah Shalat Jenazah
a. Takbir dan Membaca Al-Fatihah
b. Takbir dan Membaca Shalawat
c. Takbir dan Membaca Doa
d. Takbir dan Salam Sekali ke Arah Kanan
27. Hukum Tentang Mengangkat Tangan Bersamaan dengan Setiap Takbir
28. Hal-Hal yang Diwajibkan dalam Shalat Jenazah
29. Tentang Orang yang Belum Mengerjakan Shalat Jenazah Saat Mayit
Telah Dikubur
30. Tentang Shalat Ghaib
31. Tayammum untuk Mayit yang Tidak Bisa Dimandikan
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 49 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

32. Kebolehan Suami-Istri untuk Memandikan Pasangannya

33. Beberapa Ketentuan Tentang Orang yang Mati Syahid
34. Beberapa Ketentuan Tentang Orang yang Meninggal dalam Pelaksanaan
Ihram
35. Hukum Penguburan Mayit
36. Kesunnahan Lahad dalam Penguburan Mayit
37. Tentang Penutup Liang Lahad
38. Beberapa Hal yang Tidak Boleh Dimasukkan ke dalam Kubur
39. Hukum Takziyah
40. Makna dan Ketentuan Takziyah
41. Hukum Menangisi Mayit
42. Hukum Ziarah Kubur
43. Perbedaan Antara Laki-Laki dan Perempuan dalam Ziarah Kubur
44. Bacaan Doa Ketika Melewati atau Menziarahi Kuburan
45. Menghadiahkan Pahala bagi Mayit, Bermanfaatkah?

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺰﻛﺎ
ة‬

‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Zakat‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻮ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ﹾﻠﻜﹰﺎ ‪‬ﺗﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ٍﻝ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺘّﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺟ‪‬ﺒ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﹶﻛﺎ ﹸﺓ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻠ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻤﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺨﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﹾﺛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺨﺎ ِﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻉ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻬﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺎِﺑ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺏ[ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ] ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻠ ﹶﻎ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Hukumnya‬‬
‫‪3. Ketentuan Seputar Golongan yang Wajib Mengeluarkan Zakat‬‬
‫‪4. Ketentuan Kepemilikan dalam Kewajiban Zakat‬‬
‫‪5. Ketentuan Haul dalam Kewajiban Zakat‬‬
‫‪6. Beberapa Harta yang Tidak Terkena Kewajiban Haul‬‬
‫‪7. Harta-Harta yang Terkena Kewajiban Zakat‬‬
‫‪8. Ketentuan Nishab dalam Kewajiban Zakat‬‬

‫ب زﻛﺎ
ة اﻟ ﺴﺎ
ﺋ ﻤ
ﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Zakat Hewan Ternak‬‬
‫ﻉ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻋ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺸ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﺷﺎ‪‬ﺗﺎ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ﹸﻞ‪ :‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻠ ﹶﻎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺷ‪‬ﻴﺎ ٍﻩ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ٍ‬
‫ﺙ ِﺷ‪‬ﻴﺎ ٍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒﻮ ٍﻥ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﺳﺖ‪ ‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒﻮ ٍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪ ‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﺳﺖ‪ ‬ﻭﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎِﺛ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﺳﺖ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ] ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ[ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻋ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺳِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺳﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺙ ِﺳِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫] ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ[ ِﺣﻘﱠ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣﺎﹶﺋ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺣﻘﱠ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِﻥ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒﻮ ٍﻥ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ‪‬ﻭِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺿﺎ ِﻥ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒﻮ ٍﻥ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﻣﺎﹶﺋ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ِﺣ ﹶﻘّ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒﻮ ٍﻥ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻧﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺎ‪‬ﺗﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒﻮ ٍﻥ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺣ ﹶﻘﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺷﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺐ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺗِﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗِﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻠ ﹶﻎ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎِﺛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺗِﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎِﺛ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺗِﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِﻥ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺗِﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﻥ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣﺎﹶﺋ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ﹲﺓ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻠ ﹶﻎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ِﺷ‪‬ﻴﺎ ٍﻩ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ِﻣﺎﹶﺋ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ ِﺔ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺎ‪‬ﺗﺎ ِﻥ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﻣﹶﺌ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹸﻛﻮﹶﻟ ﹸﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ِﺷ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮﺍِﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٍﺭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑّﺎ ُﺀ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺨﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒﻮ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﹰﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ﹶﻠﺎِﺛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻِ‬‫ﺝ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧﹶﺜﻰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺝ ِﺇﻟﱢﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻋ ﹰﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﹾﺄ ِﻥ‬
‫ﺨ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﺷ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹸﺫ ﹸﻛﻮ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﹶﺃﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺝ ِﺳﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺟ ِ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺭﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺛِﻨ‪‬ﻴّ ﹰﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻِ‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻛ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺫ ﹸﻛﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﹲ‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬‫ﲑ ﹰﺓ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ِﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺿ ﹾﺄ ﹲﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻛ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﹶﺌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﻣﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺎِﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﹰﺓ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻛِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮ ﹰﻻ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺼﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹲﺔ ِﻓﻲ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹲﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺯﻳ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎﹶﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎِﺗ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺣ ِﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪ ‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣِﺒﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻠﻄﹶ ﹸﺔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺆﹶﺛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻄﺎِﺋ ِﻪ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Makna Hewan Ternak‬‬
‫‪2. Jenis-Jenis Hewan Ternak Wajib Zakat‬‬
‫‪3. Unta: Zakat dan Ketentuan Nishabnya‬‬
‫‪4. Jikalau Terjadi Kelebihan atau Kekurangan Umur pada Unta yang‬‬
‫‪Dikeluarkan Sebagai Zakat‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 52 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

5. Sapi: Zakat dan Ketentuan Nishabnya

6. Kambing: Zakat dan Ketentuan Nishabnya
7. Hal-Hal yang Tidak Diperbolehkan pada Hewan Zakat yang
Dikeluarkan
8. Tentang Mengambil Harta Zakat yang Terjelek atau yang Terbaik
9. Pengeluaran Zakat dengan Hewan Betina, Kecuali dalam Beberapa
Keadaan
10. Ketentuan Umur pada Kambing yang Dikeluarkan Sebagai Zakat
11. Cara Memilih Hewan yang Dikeluarkan Sebagai Zakat di Antara Hewan
Zakat yang Berbeda Kelamin, Umur, Kondisi, dan Kualitas
12. Ketentuan Al-Khulthah ‘Hewan Zakat yang Kepemilikannya Berserikat’
13. Hukum Al-Khulthah Hanyalah pada Hewan Ternak

‫ض‬

‫ﻷ ْر‬
 ‫ج
ﻣ ﻦ ا‬

‫ب زﻛﺎ
ة ا ْﻟﺨﺎ
ر‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Zakat Hasil Bumi
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻳﺪ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﻜﺎ ﹸﻝ‬ ‫ﻤ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺛ‬ ‫ﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹸﺓ ِﻣ‬‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺰ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻤﺎ( ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ )ﹶﺃ‬:‫ﻋﺎ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
.(‫ﺳ ٍﻖ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹸﻠ ﹶﻎ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹲﺔ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﻤ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺲ ِﻓﻲ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ )ﹶﻟ‬:n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮﻝِ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬،‫ﺳ ٍﻖ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻎ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺿ ِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﺼﺎ‬
 ‫ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﻤﻴ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ ٍﺔ‬‫ﻉ ﹸﺃﻭ ِﻗﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺒ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹲﺔ‬‫ﻭﹸﺃﻭ ِﻗﻴ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﻘﻲ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹾﻃ ﹲﻞ ِﺑﺎﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﺎﻋ‬
 ‫ﻮ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﻖ ِﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻒ‬
 ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻭِﻧ‬ ،‫ﺡ‬
ِ ‫ﻴﻮ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻲ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺭ ﹾﻃ ٍﻞ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
ِ ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻭ ِﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺭ ﹾﻃ ﹰ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺑ ِﻌ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭﺍﹾﺛ‬ ‫ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ِﻤﺎﹶﺋ ٍﺔ‬
‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹸﺓ‬‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺰ‬
ِ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺘﺪ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﺡ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻠﺎ‬‫ﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺢ‬
ِ‫ﺿ‬ِ ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍِﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ ِﺑ ﹸﻜ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ٍﺔ ﹶﻛﺎﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺳ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﺮ ِﻓﻴ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹸﺬ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﺄ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﻤ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠ‬ ‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﺎِﺑﺴ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺼﻔ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺍ ِﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
ِ ‫ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺏ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
ِ ‫ﺼﺎ‬
 ‫ﺗ ﹾﻜ ِﻤﻴ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤ ِﺮ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠ‬ ‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻒ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
ِ ‫ﻀﻢ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﺼﺎ ِﺩ ِﻩ‬
 ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺮ ﹰﺓ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﹸﺃ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ ِﺩﻱ ِﺀ‬‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟﻴ‬ ‫ﺝ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺃﹶ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹸﺓ‬‫ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ‬،‫ﻤﻮ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻉ ﹶﻛﺎﻟﺘ‬
ِ ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬
 ‫ﺘ ِﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬
.‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 53 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻪ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ِﻗﻴ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔﻀ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻣ‬‫ﺼﺎﺑ‬
 ‫ﻌ ِﺪ ٍﻥ ِﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﻌ ِﺪ ﹸﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬
‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﺔ‬‫ﺼ ِﻔ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
ِ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺪ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹸﺓ‬‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺤ ِﺪﻳ ِﺪ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺼ ﹾﻔ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺤ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺍ ِﻫ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜ‬‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻉ‬
ٍ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺲ ﹶﺃﻱ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ .‫ﺤ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺮ‬‫ﻴ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﻲ َﺀ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻚ‬
ِ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﺮ‬‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺆﹸﻟ ِﺆ‬ ‫ﻲ َﺀ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻠ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
.‫ﻮﺍ ِﺟ ِﺪ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ِﻗﻴ ِﻪ ِﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻲ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛﹸﺜ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ‬
1. Dua Jenis Harta Hasil Bumi: Tumbuh-Tumbuhan dan Hasil Tambang
2. Kewajiban Zakat pada Tumbuh-Tumbuhan
3. Ketentuan Tumbuh-Tumbuhan yang Terkena Zakat
4. Nishab Zakat Tumbuh-Tumbuhan
5. Ukuran Wasaq dan Shâ’
6. Ketentuan Kadar Zakat Tumbuh-Tumbuhan yang Dikeluarkan
7. Kapan Kewajiban Zakat terhadap Tumbuh-Tumbuhan Ditetapkan?
8. Biji-Bijian Tidak Dikeluarkan Zakatnya, Kecuali Setelah Dibersihkan
9. Buah-Buahan Tidak Dikeluarkan Zakatnya, Kecuali Setelah Dikeringkan
10. Tiada Zakat terhadap Biji-Bijian dan Buah-Buahan yang Didapatkan dari
Selain Tanah Kepemilikan Seseorang
11. Tiada Kewajiban Zakat terhadap Upah Hasil Panen yang Diterima oleh
Pekerja panen
12. Tentang Menggabungkan Suatu Jenis Hasil Tumbuhan dengan Jenis Lain
Guna Menggenapkan Nishab
13. Tentang Menggabungkan Beberapa Jenis Hasil Tumbuhan yang Sama
dalam Penamaan
14. Pembolehan Mengeluarkan Zakat Hasil Tumbuhan dengan Jenis
Tumbuhan yang Lebih Baik
15. Kewajiban Zakat pada Hasil Tambang
16. Ketentuan Hasil Tambang yang Terkena Zakat
17. Nishab Zakat Hasil Tambang
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 54 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

18. Zakat Hasil Tambang Dikeluarkan Setelah Hasil Tambang Dicetak dan
Dibersihkan
19. Tiada Kewajiban Zakat terhadap Mutiara, Marjan, Ambar, dan Misk
20. Tiada Kewajiban Zakat terhadap Hasil Buruan Darat dan Laut
21. Zakat dan Ketentuan Rikâz

‫ﻷ ْﺛﻤﺎ
ن‬
 ‫ب زﻛﺎ
ة ا‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Zakat Barang Berharga
‫ﻲ َﺀ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹸﺔ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺐ ِﻓﻴ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻫ ٍﻢ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻲ ِﺩ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ ﹸﻠ ﹶﻎ ِﻣﺎﹶﺋ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻲ َﺀ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ ﹲﺔ‬‫ﻭ ِﻓﻀ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ ﹶﺫ‬:‫ﻋﺎ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺒ ﹸﻠ ﹶﻎ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺘّﻰ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻓﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺶّ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ‬
 ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻏ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻴ ِﻬ‬،‫ﻒ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻘﺎ ٍﻝ‬
 ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﺐ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ِﻧ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻦ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻘﺎ ﹰﻻ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ‬
 ‫ﺒ ﹸﻠ ﹶﻎ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‬
‫ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ .‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻢ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤﺎ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﻜ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺝ‬
ِ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼﺎﺑ‬
 ‫ ِﺔ ِﻧ‬‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔﻀ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﹶﻗ‬
،‫ ِﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔﻀ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻪ ِﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹸﺓ ِﺑ ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ ِﺀ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ‬
 ‫ﺡ ِﻟﻠﻨ‬
 ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻳّ ِﺔ‬‫ﻌﺎ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺳِﺘ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ِﻠﺎ‬‫ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺤ ِﻠﻲ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺧﺎ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍِﻟﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ ِﺀ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ِﻜ‬‫ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻨ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
ِ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺴ‬‫ﻭ ِﺣ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺨﺎ‬
 ‫ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔﻀ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ ِﻝ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺡ ِﻟﻠﺮ‬
 ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬
.‫ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹸﺓ‬‫ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺰ‬
1. Dua Jenis Barang Berharga: Perak dan Emas
2. Nishab Perak
3. Kadar Zakat Perak yang Dikeluarkan
4. Nishab Emas
5. Kadar Zakat Emas yang Dikeluarkan
6. Bila Terjadi Percampuran Antara Emas/Perak dan Logam Lain
7. Tentang Zakat terhadap Perhiasan yang Dipergunakan dan Dipinjamkan
8. Pembolehan Penggunaan Emas dan Perak bagi Perempuan
9. Batasan Perak yang Boleh Dipergunakan oleh Laki-Laki
10. Tentang Zakat terhadap Perhiasan yang Dijual dan Disimpan Serta
Perhiasan Haram
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ب ﺣ ْﻜ
ﻢ اﻟ ﺪﻳ
ﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Hukum Zakat Piutang‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺼﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺤﻮ ِﺩ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ِﻠﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﻀﻰ؛ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺬﱢﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻛﺎﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻔ ِﻠ ٍ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻜﱠ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺬ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺎﻝﱢ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻰ ] ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ[ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺪﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺼﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Rincian Penetapan Zakat Piutang‬‬
‫‪2. Hukum Zakat pada Mahar yang Belum Dibayar‬‬
‫‪3. Hukum Zakat bagi Orang Memiliki Nishab Harta, tetapi Hartanya‬‬
‫‪Habis/Berkurang untuk Membayar Utang‬‬

‫ض‬
‫ب زﻛﺎ
ة اﻟ ﻌﺮو
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Zakat Barang Niaga‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺼﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﻮ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺿﻤ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﻀ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰّ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔﻀ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﱠ ‪‬ﻫ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺓ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺄ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻯ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜ ِﻤﻴ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮ ﹰﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Definisi dan Kewajibannya‬‬
‫‪2. Syarat-Syarat Kewajiban Zakat pada Barang Niaga‬‬
‫‪3. Cara Menghitungnya‬‬
‫‪4. Nishab dan Kadar Kewajibannya‬‬
‫‪5. Penggabungan Emas/Perak‬‬ ‫‪dengan‬‬ ‫‪Harga‬‬ ‫‪Barang‬‬ ‫‪Niaga‬‬ ‫‪Guna‬‬
‫‪Menggenapkan Nishab‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 56 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

6. Apakah Ada Kewajiban Zakat terhadap Barang Niaga yang Diniatkan

Sebagai Qin-yah ‘Harta yang Disimpan untuk Dimanfaatkan, Bukan
untuk Diperdagangkan’
7. Bagaimana Kalau Barang Niaga Diniatkan untuk Diperdagangkan Setelah
Diniatkan Sebagai Qin-yah?

‫ﺮ‬

‫ﻄ‬ْ ‫ب زﻛﺎ
ة ا ْﻟ
ﻔ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Zakat Fitri
‫ﻉ‬
 ‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﺮ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔ ﹾﻄ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻴﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺕ ِﻋ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ ﹸﻗﻮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﻗﻮِﺗ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻀﹰ‬
 ‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ‬
 ‫ﻣ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ّ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻛ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹲﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬
‫ﻲ ٍﺀ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﻗﻮِﺗ ِﻪ ﹶﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻩ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬،‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ِﺑﻴ‬‫ﻤ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺳ ِﻮﻳ ِﻘ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺩ ِﻗﻴ ِﻘ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﲑ ﹶﺃ‬
ِ ‫ ِﻌ‬‫ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﻟﺸ‬‫ﺒﺮ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ِﻣ‬
‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‬،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺆﺩ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻣ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺆ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻓ ﹾﻄ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻓ ﹾﻄ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﺎﻋ‬
 ‫ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻧِﺘ ِﻪ‬‫ﺆ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ ِﻔ ﹾﻄ‬،‫ﻋ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺐ ِﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺴ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ِﺮﻳ‬
ِ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻙ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺸﺘ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟ‬،‫ﻋ ﹰﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺆ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ ِﺪ ِﻩ‬‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﻓ ِﻔ ﹾﻄ‬‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺆ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﻓ ِﻔ ﹾﻄ‬‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
،‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻮ ٍﻡ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳝ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻮ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
 ‫ﺗ ﹾﺄ ِﺧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ‬‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔ ﹾﻄ‬
 ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ِﺇ‬
.‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ ِﺣ‬ ‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﳉ‬
‫ﻡ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ ِﺣ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻄﻰ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺯ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬
1. Definisi dan Kewajibannya
2. Syarat-Syarat Kewajibannya
3. Kadar yang Dikeluarkan
4. Jenis Bahan Makanan yang Dikeluarkan Sebagai Zakat Fitri
5. Apakah Seseorang Wajib Mengeluarkan Zakat Fitri untuk Seluruh Orang
yang Nafkahnya Dia Tanggung?
6. Siapakah yang Membayar Zakat Fitri Seorang Budak yang Dimiliki
Secara Berserikat dan Budak yang Sebagian Kepemilikannya Bebas
7. Waktu yang Disunnahkan untuk Membayar Zakat Fitri
8. Akhir Waktu Pengeluaran Zakat Fitri
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 57 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

9. Pembolehan Mengeluarkan Zakat Fitri Saat Dua atau Tiga Hari Sebelum
Id
10. Boleh Menyerahkan Zakat Fitri Beberapa Orang kepada Satu Orang
Miskin
11. Boleh Menyerahkan Zakat Fitri Satu Orang kepada Beberapa Orang
Miskin

‫ﺰﻛﺎ
ة‬
 ‫ج اﻟ‬

‫ب
إ ْﺧﺮا‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Pengeluaran Zakat
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹾ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺘ ِﻠ‬‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ ِﺇ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﻮِﺑ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﻗ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
 ‫ﺗ ﹾﺄ ِﺧ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻋﺠ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ‫ﺯ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺼﺎ‬
 ‫ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺠﻴ ﹸﻠ‬
ِ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻒ ﹶﻗ‬
 ‫ﺗ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹸﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺰ‬
‫ﺗﺪ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻰ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ‬‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺕ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ‬
 ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﱢ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺏ ِﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺰﹾﺋ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﱢ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﺓ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ‬‫ﺮ ِﺇﹶﻟﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﺗ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻠ ٍﺪ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹸﺔ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨ ﹶﻘ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ِﺧ ِﺬ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺗ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺰﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
.‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻠ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹸﺬ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﺄ‬
1. Kewajiban Tentang Menyegerakan Pengeluaran Zakat
2. Kalau Seseorang Mengakhirkan Pengeluaran Zakat, tetapi Kemudian
Hartanya Hilang atau Rusak
3. Jika Harta Hilang atau Rusak Sebelum Terkena Kewajiban Zakat
4. Hukum Tentang Menyegerakan Pengeluaran Zakat Sebelum Waktunya
5. Hukum Tentang Memberi Zakat kepada Selain Mustahiq
6. Bila Zakat Diserahkan kepada Mustahiq, tetapi Kemudian Mustahiq Itu
Meninggal, Menjadi Kaya, atau Murtad
7. Kalau Harta Zakat yang Dikeluarkan Hilang atau Rusak di Tangan
Mustahiq
8. Hukum Tentang Memindahkan Zakat di Negeri Lain
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪58‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺰﻛﺎ
ة
إ ﻟ ْﻴ
ﻪ‬
‫ب ﻣ ْﻦ ﻳﺠﻮ ز د ْﻓ ﻊ اﻟ ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Golongan Penerima Zakat‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﻏ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ٍ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻗﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻛ ﹶﻔﺎ‪‬ﻳِﺘ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ‪) :‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ ‬ﹸﻝ( ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻔ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ُﺀ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺚ( ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﻣ ﹸﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜ ﹶﻔﺎ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ)ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ( ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺝ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ)ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ( ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺆﻟﱠ ﹶﻔ ﹸﺔ ﹸﻗ ﹸﻠﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻄﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻌﺎ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻋﺎ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺬ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﹶﻛﺎ ِﺓ ِﻣﻤ‪ ‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘِﻨ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻰ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻴ‪ِ‬ﺘ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺩ ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺷﺮ‪ِ ‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻗﻮ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ﺇِ ‪‬ﳝﺎِﻧ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ( ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻣﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺪﻳ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ِ ‬ﻗﻴ ِﻖ‪ .‬ﻭ)ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﺎ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ( ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩ ﹾﻓ ِﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ)ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ﹸﺓ‬
‫ﲔ‪ .‬ﻭ)ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ( ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺳِﺒﻴ ِﻞ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻃﺎِﺋ ﹶﻔ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﻧﻔﹸﻮ ِﺳ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻣﺒ‪‬ﺎﺡٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻟِﺈ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ٍ‬
‫ِﻟِﺈ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ٍﺭ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ِﺪ ِﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻥﹾ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹶﻟّ ِﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺩﻳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﻭ)ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ( ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ِ‬ﺒﻴ ِﻞ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺩ ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪ n‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺑِﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺩ ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺆﹶﻟﺎ ِﺀ) ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ( ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﹶﻛﺎ ِﺓ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺘّﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄِﺗ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹸﺔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﺔ‪) :‬ﹶﺃ ِﻗ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﺎ ﹶﻗِﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ِﻟ ﹶﻘِﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻗِﺘ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻳ ٍﻖ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﹾﻓ ِﻊ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄِﻟﻴ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳِﺘﻢ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ِﻪ ِﻛ ﹶﻔﺎ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﻣ ِﻞ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺎﹶﻟِﺘ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺆﻟﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻜ ِ‬
‫ﲑ ‪‬ﻭﹾﺍ ِﳌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ِﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺝ ِﺇﹶﻟﻴ ِﻪ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺰ ِﻭ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ِ‬ﺒﻴ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻲ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ِﺯﻱ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ِﺭ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﺎ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ِﻘ‪‬ﻴﺮ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹲﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬﻭ ﹶﻥ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻐ‪‬ﻨﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﻣ ﹸﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺆﻟﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ِ‬ﺒﻴ ِﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺡ ﹶﺫﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ِﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻡ؛ ِﻟِﺈ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Penyebutan Global Delapan Golongan Penerima Zakat:‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Fakir dan Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Miskin dan Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Amil Zakat dan Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Muallaf dan Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Riqâb dan Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Ghârim dan Ketentuannya‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 59 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

8. Tentang Fi Sabilillâh dan Ketentuannya

9. Tentang Ibnu Sabil dan Ketentuannya
10. Bolehkah Zakat Diserahkan kepada Selain Delapan Golongan di Atas?
11. Pengeluaran Zakat Hanya untuk Salah Satu di Antara Delapan Golongan
12. Kadar Zakat yang Diberikan kepada Fakir dan Miskin
13. Kadar Zakat yang Diberikan kepada Amil
14. Kadar Zakat yang Diberikan kepada Muallaf
15. Kadar Zakat yang Diberikan kepada Budak Mukâtab
16. Kadar Zakat yang Diberikan kepada Ghârim
17. Kadar Zakat yang Diberikan kepada Orang yang Berperang
18. Hukum Pemberian Zakat Melebihi Kadar Keperluan
19. Para Mustahiq yang Hanya Boleh Menerima Zakat Saat Memerlukan
20. Para Mustahiq yang Boleh Menerima Zakat, Walaupun Berkecukupan

‫ﺰﻛﺎ
ة إ ﻟ ْﻴ
ﻪ‬
 ‫ب ﻣ ْﻦ ﻟﺎ ﻳﺠﻮ ز د ْﻓ ﻊ اﻟ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Golongan yang Tidak Boleh Menerima Zakat
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻮﺍِﻟﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ِﺷ ٍﻢ‬ ‫ﻨﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬ :‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،n ‫ ٍﺪ‬‫ﺤﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ِﻟﺂ ِﻝ‬
ِ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﺐ‬
ٍ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ِﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻐِﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ِﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺆ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺰ‬ ،‫ﺳ ﹸﻔ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ،‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﻦ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹾﻓ‬
‫ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﺓ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ‬‫ﻊ ﺍﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹾﻓ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺆﹶﻟﺎ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹾﻓ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻉ ﹶﻓ‬
ِ ‫ ﹶﻄﻮ‬‫ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‬،‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﻓ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﻗِﻴ ِﻖ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮ‬
.‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪ ﹶﻓ ِﻘﲑ‬ ‫ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻇﻨ‬‫ﻐِﻨﻲ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬،‫ﺠ ِﺰ ِﻩ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﱢ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﺰّ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬‫ﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻡ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﺄ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ ٍﺔ‬‫ِﺑِﻨﻴ‬
1. Zakat Tidaklah Halal untuk Orang yang Berkecukupan
2. Zakat Tidaklah Halal untuk Orang yang Kuat dan Mampu Bekerja
3. Zakat Tidaklah Halal untuk Keluarga Nabi n
4. Orang-Orang yang Tergolong ke dalam Keluarga Nabi n
5. Tentang Pemberian Zakat kepada Kedua Orang Tua dan Anak
Keturunan
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 60 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

6. Tentang Pemberian Zakat oleh Suami kepada Istri dan Sebaliknya

7. Tentang Pemberian Zakat kepada Orang yang Wajib Dinafkahi
8. Tentang Pemberian Zakat kepada Budak yang Dimiliki
9. Tentang Pemberian Zakat kepada Orang Kafir
10. Pemberian Sedekah Sunnah untuk Golongan yang Disebut di Atas
11. Tidak Boleh Mengeluarkan Zakat Tanpa Niat
12. Bila Penguasa Mengambil Zakat Secara Paksa
13. Jika Zakat Diserahkan kepada Selain Mustahiq

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 61 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫م‬

‫ﺼﻴﺎ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟ‬


Kitab Puasa

،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻃﺎ ﹶﻗ‬‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﺮ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺆ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻮ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ ِﻗ ٍﻞ ﹶﻗﺎ ِﺩ ٍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎِﻟ ٍﻎ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬
ِ ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬

،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﻮ ﹸﻝ‬

 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﻴ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ﹶﻠﺎِﺛ‬ ‫ﺘ ٍﺮ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻴ ٍﻢ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ ِﺩ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻀﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺔ ِﻫ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﻝ‬‫ﺅ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ﹶﻛ‬:‫ﻴﺎ َﺀ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﺪ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺐ ِﺑﹶﺄ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬

‫ﺮ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ ِﻄ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺪﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺩ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ ِﻄ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺱ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻡ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﺪ ﹰﻻ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬،‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﹶﺃﻯ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻬ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬

‫ﺮﻭﺍ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ ِﻄ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻴ ٍﻢ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﺑ‬ ،‫ﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻄ‬‫ﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎِﺛ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺩﺓ ِﺍﹾﺛ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻣﻮﺍ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺁ‬

،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺰﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻩ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻖ ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻯ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﺳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬
ِ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ‬ ،‫ ﹶﺓ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻜ ِﻤ ﹸﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬

.‫ﺠ ِﺰ ِﻩ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻖ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬

1. Definisinya
2. Kewajiban Puasa Ramadhan
3. Syarat-Syarat Orang yang Wajib Berpuasa Ramadhan
4. Tentang Puasa Ramadhan bagi Anak Kecil
5. Tiga Hal Penentu Masuknya Kewajiban Ramadhan
6. Tentang Melihat Hilal
7. Bila Seseorang Bersendirian dalam Melihat Hilal Masuknya Ramadhan
8. Bila Seseorang Bersendirian dalam Melihat Hilal Keluarnya Ramadhan
9. Kalau Seseorang Telah Berpuasa Selama Tiga Puluh Hari, tetapi Hilal
Belum Terlihat
10. Beberapa Ketentuan Tentang Masuknya Ramadhan bagi Tawanan
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪62‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﻄﺮ
ﻳ ﻦ ﻓ
ﻲ ر ﻣﻀﺎ ن‬

‫ب أ ْﺣﻜﺎ
م ا ْﻟ ﻤ ْﻔ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Hukum-Hukum bagi Orang yang Tidak Berpuasa‬‬
‫‪Ramadhan‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ٍﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟ ِﻔ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺮ‪ ‬ﺭ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫)ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ( ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ُﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ُﺀ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻔ ِﻄ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ( ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻜﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻃ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺧﺎ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ِﻣ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺚ( ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻜﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻰ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓﺈِﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻄ ِﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ( ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﻡ ِﻟ ِﻜ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ِ‬
‫ﻀﻲ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ُﺀ ﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺳﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﻔﱢ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻜﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓﹶِﺈ ﹾﻃ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺳﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺘﺎِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺛﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲﺓ‪ َ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﻔﱠ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹲﺓ ﹶﺛﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ِﺀ ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ‬
‫ﻁ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻃ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓﺮ‪ ‬ﹶ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ َﺀ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﺬ ٍﺭ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺧ‪ ‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﺬ ٍﺭ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﺬ ٍﺭ ﹸﺃ ﹾﻃ ِﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ‬
‫ﻀﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻜﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﺬ ٍﺭ ﹶﻃﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹲﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺬﻭﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Penyebutan Global Empat Golongan yang Boleh Tidak Berpuasa‬‬
‫‪Ramadhan‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Orang Sakit dan Musafir Serta Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Perempuan Haid dan Nifas Serta Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Perempuan Hamil dan Menyusui Serta Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Tua Renta dan Orang Sakit yang Kesembuhannya Tidak‬‬
‫‪Diharapkan Lagi‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 63 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

6. Tentang Orang yang Berjima’ pada Siang Hari Ramadhan

7. Jumlah Kaffarah bagi Orang yang Berjima’ Berulang Kali
8. Tentang Orang yang Terkena Kewajiban Berpuasa pada Sisa Hari,
Kemudian Berjima’
9. Rincian Hukum Seputar Mengakhirkan Qadha dan Pembayaran Fidyah
Karenanya
10. Tentang Orang yang Mengakhirkan Qadha Hingga Meninggal

‫ﺼ ْﻮ م‬
 ‫ب ﻣﺎ ﻳ ْﻔ
ﺴ ﺪ اﻟ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Hal-Hal yang Merusak Puasa
‫ﺘ ﹶﻘﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺿ ٍﻊ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻲ ٌﺀ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻓ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺻﻞﹶ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻂ ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﻌ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ‬
 ‫ﺷ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ‬ ،‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻮ ِﻣ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﺍ ِﻟ‬‫ﺍ ﹶﺫﺍ ِﻛﺮ‬‫ﻋﺎ ِﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ‬،‫ﺰﻝﹶ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺘّﻰ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ ﹶﻈ‬‫ﺭ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛﺮ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻣ ﹶﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺲ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﻗﺒ‬ ‫ﻨﻰ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻞ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻖ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺾ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻭ ﹸﻏ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺣ ﹾﻠ ِﻘ ِﻪ ﹸﺫ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻃﺎ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺮﻫ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻧﺎ ِﺳﻴ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻴ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻈﻨ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻲﺀُ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺫ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﻠﻴ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ ﻓِﻲ ِﺇ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ ﹶﻄ‬ ‫ﺰ ﹶﻝ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺮ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻓﻜﱠ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹾﻠ ِﻘ ِﻪ‬
.‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺲ ﹶﻓ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺸ‬
ِ ‫ﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺎ ﹰﻛّﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﻏ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻄﺮ‬‫ﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﹶﻓ‬
1. Hal-Hal yang Merusak Puasa:
a. Makan Secara Sengaja
b. Minum Secara Sengaja
c. Memasukkan Sesuatu ke dalam Tubuh Melalui Hirupan
d. Memasukkan Sesuatu ke dalam Tubuh Melalui Bagian Tubuh Mana
Saja
e. Muntah Secara Sengaja
f. Melakukan Masturbasi, Mencium, dan Menyentuh Sehingga
Mengeluarkan Mani
g. Melakukan Masturbasi, Mencium, dan Menyentuh Sehingga
Mengeluarkan Madzi
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 64 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

h. Mengulangi Pandangan Sehingga Mengeluarkan Mani

i. Hijâmah ‘Berbekam’ Secara Sengaja
2. Hukum Orang yang Melakukan Pembatal-Pembatal Puasa Karena Lupa
atau Terpaksa
3. Beberapa hal yang tidak merusak puasa:
a. Kemasukan Lalat atau Debu ke Tenggorokan Tanpa Sengaja
b. Kemasukan Air Tanpa Sengaja Karena Berkumur-Kumur dan
Menghirup Air
c. Keluar Mani Karena Mengkhayal
d. Memasukkan Tetesan Air ke dalam Kemaluan
e. Mimpi Basah
f. Muntah Tanpa Sengaja
4. Tentang Orang yang Berbuka Sebelum Matahari Terbenam Karena
Menyangka Waktu Malam Telah Masuk
5. Tentang Keraguan Akan Terbenamnya Matahari Kemudian Berbuka

‫ﻄ ﻮ
ع‬
 ‫ﺻﻴﺎ
م اﻟ ﺘ‬

‫ب‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Puasa Sunnah
‫ﻀﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ِﻡ‬‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‬
 ‫ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ‬ .‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ ِﻄ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻡ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠﺎ‬‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬
ِ ‫ﻴﺎ ِﻡ‬‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‬
 ‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ ِﺔ‬‫ﺤﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﺸ ِﺮ ِﺫﻱ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﷲ ِﻣ‬
َ ‫ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍ‬‫ﺣﺐ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺢ ِﻓﻴ ِﻬﻦ‬
 ‫ﺎِﻟ‬‫ﻤ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ ٍﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻦ ﹶﺃﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻋﻮ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﻮ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻨ ٍﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ َﺀ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ‬ ،[‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ ] ﹸﻛﻠﱠ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻡ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍ ٍﻝ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜﹶﺄﻧ‬‫ﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ ٍﺔ ِﻣ‬‫ﺴﺘ‬
ِ ‫ﻪ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬

،‫ﺲ‬
ِ ‫ﺨ ِﻤﻴ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭﺍِﻟﺎﹾﺛ‬ ،‫ﺾ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟِﺒﻴ‬‫ﻡ ﹶﺃﻳ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬
ِ ‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺼﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻦ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ِﻟ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺤﺞ‬
 ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬،‫ﻉ‬
ِ ‫ ﹶﻄﻮ‬‫ﺮ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺳﺎِﺋ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ َﺀ‬
 ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻄ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﺷﺎ َﺀ‬ ‫ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﺴ ِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
 ‫ﻉ ﹶﺃ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺘ ﹶﻄﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺎِﺋ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‬
.‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ُﺀ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺐ ِﺇ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﺓ؛ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 65 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ‬
 ‫ﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﺎ ِﻡ ﹶﺃﻳ‬‫ﺻﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺤﻰ‬
‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻮ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔ ﹾﻄ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ :‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭ‬
.‫ﻱ‬
 ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ِﻊ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﺺ ِﻓﻲ‬
 ‫ﺭﺧ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻧ‬
.‫ﻀﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺧ ِﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺗ ِﺮ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺪ ِﺭ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻮ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹶﻠ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬

1. Puasa Dawud
2. Puasa Bulan Muharram
3. Puasa Sepuluh Hari Pertama Dzulhijjah
4. Puasa Enam Hari Syawal
5. Puasa Asyura
6. Puasa Arafah bagi yang Berada di Luar Arafah
7. Puasa Ayyamul Bidh
8. Puasa Senin dan Kamis
9. Kebolehan Melanjutkan Puasa atau Berbuka bagi Orang yang Berpuasa
Sunnah
10. Pembolehan Melanjutkan atau Membatalkan Seluruh Ibadah Sunnah,
Kecuali Haji dan Umrah
11. Larangan Berpuasa pada Dua Hari Id
12. Larangan Berpuasa pada Tiga Hari Tasyrik, Kecuali bagi Orang yang
Berhaji Tamattu’ yang Tidak Mampu Menyembelih Hadyu
13. Tentang Lailatul Qadr pada Sepuluh Malam Terakhir Ramadhan

‫ف‬

‫ب اﻟ
ﺎ ْﻋ
ﺘﻜﺎ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab I’tikaf
‫ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ .‫ ﹾﺬ ِﺭ‬‫ﺐ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻨّ ﹲﺔ ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻌﺎﹶﻟﻰ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ ِﺔ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺪ ِﻟ ﹶﻄﺎ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹸﻟ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
،‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ‬
 ‫ﻌ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻡ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹶﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ ٍﺪ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋِﺘ ﹶﻜﺎ ﹸﻓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﻋ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻡ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹶﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ ٍﺪ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ ِﻞ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﺠ ٍﺪ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 66 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ﺠ ِﺪ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ‬،‫ﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ ِﺟ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻏ‬
 ‫ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻓ‬ ‫ﺠ ٍﺪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶﺓ ِﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
 ‫ﻋِﺘ ﹶﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺭ ﺍِﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﻰ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬
 ‫ﺠ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺮﺍ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺠ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ[ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﻪ ] ِﻓ‬ ‫ﻨ ِﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻤﺪِﻳ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ ِﻡ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻌ ٍﻞ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻓ‬ ‫ﻮ ٍﻝ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻌِﻨﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺟِﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ‬ ‫ﻐﺎ ﹸﻝ ِﺑ ِﻔ‬ ‫ﺷِﺘ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍِﻟﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ ِﻜ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻪ ﻓِﻴ ِﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ِﻓ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻘ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺾ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ ِﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺳﹶﺄ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺗﻪ‬‫ﺮﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺷ‬‫ﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻁ‬
‫ﺘ ِﺮ ﹶ‬‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
.‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Hukumnya
3. Kapan I’tikaf Menjadi Wajib?
4. Kebolehan Beri’tikaf bagi Perempuan pada Seluruh Masjid
5. Laki-Laki Tidak Boleh Beri’tikaf, Kecuali pada Masjid yang di dalamnya
Ditegakkan Shalat Berjamaah
6. Tentang Keafdhalan Pelaksanaan I’tikaf pada Masjid yang di dalamnya
Ditegakkan Shalat Jumat
7. Tentang Nadzar untuk Beri’tikaf dan Mengerjakan Shalat pada Masjid
Tertentu, Bolehkah Dilaksanakan di Masjid Lain?
8. Beberapa Ketentuan Seputar Bernadzar pada Tiga Masjid: Masjid Al-
Haram, Masjid Nabawy, dan Masjid Al-Aqsha
9. Hal-hal yang Disunnahkan bagi Mu’takif ‘Orang yang Beri’tikaf’
10. Ketentuan Hal yang Membolehkan Mu’takif untuk Keluar dari Masjid
11. Tentang Keharaman Berintim Saat Beri’tikaf
12. Kebolehan Menyapa Orang Sakit dan Semisalnya bagi Mu’takif yang
Diperbolehkan Keluar dari Masjid

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 67 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

[‫ﺞ ]واﻟْﻌﻤْﺮ
ة‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْﺤ‬


Kitab Haji [dan Umrah]
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺳِﺒﻴﻼﹰ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻉ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺘ ﹶﻄﺎ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﺒﺎِﻟ ِﻎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻌﺎ ِﻗ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻤ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ ﹰﺓ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺤﺞ‬
 ‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺎِﻟ ِﻪ‬‫ﻭ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻧ ِﺔ‬‫ﺆ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳِﻨ ِﻪ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ِﺀ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺘﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻀﹰ‬
 ‫ﺢ ِﻟ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ‬
 ‫ﺼ ﹸﻠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺎ ِﻣﻤ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ِﺣ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ِﺑﺂﹶﻟِﺘ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﺡ‬
ٍ ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ٍ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ‬
ٍ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬‫ ﹾﺄِﺑﻴ ِﺪ ِﺑ‬‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪ‬
.‫ﺮ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹰﺔ‬‫ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ِﺣﺠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺝ‬
 ‫ﺧ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﺕ ﹸﺃ‬
 ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
‫ ﹶ‬‫ﹶﻓﺮ‬
‫ﺘ ِﻄﻴ ِﻊ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺰﹸﺋ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻨﻮ ٍﻥ‬‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﻓ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺽ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹾﺬ ِﺭ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺣﺞ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺣﺞ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﺮ ٍﻡ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬
.‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻏ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Kewajibannya
3. Jumlah Kewajibannya dalam Seumur Hidup
4. Syarat-Syarat Kewajibannya
5. Makna “Mampu Berhaji”
6. Tentang Pensyaratan Mahram bagi Perempuan
7. Hukum terhadap Orang yang Meninggal dan Belum Berhaji
8. Hukum Haji Seorang Kafir
9. Hukum Haji Seseorang yang Tidak Waras
10. Hukum Haji Seorang Anak Kecil
11. Hukum Haji Seorang Budak
12. Hukum Haji Seorang yang Tidak Mampu
13. Hukum Haji Seorang Perempuan Tanpa Mahram
14. Hukum Orang yang Belum Berhaji, tetapi Menghajikan Orang Lain
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻤﻮاﻗ
ﻴ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Miqat-Miqat‬‬
‫ﺠ ٍﺪ‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﻔ ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬‬‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ِﺔ‪ ] ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻞ[ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺪﻳ‪‬ﻨ ِﺔ ﹸﺫﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻣﻴ ﹶﻘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻓ ِﻤﻴ ﹶﻘﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺖ ِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ِﺰﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤﻴ ﹶﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻕ؛ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﹲﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺤﻞﱢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪ ‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻃ ِﺮﻳ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﻣﻴ ﹶﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺠ‪ِ ‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِﻬ ﱡﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ِﺰِﻟ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻣﻜﱠ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻬ ﱡﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ٍﻡ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ ِﻘ‪‬ﺘﺎ ٍﻝ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤﻴ ﹶﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧﻮ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻣﻜﱠ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ِﻤﻴ ﹶﻘﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ٍﻡ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺿ ِﻌ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻮ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹶﻄﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻜﺮ‪ ‬ﺭ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺕ[ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩﻭِﻧ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤﻴ ﹶﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ] ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﹾ ِﻤﻴ ﹶﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤﻴ ﹶﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺞ‪ :‬ﺷﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺫﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺓ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤﻴ ﹶﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺠ‪ِ ‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺫﻱ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫)‪1. Rincian Lima Miqat Haji (Mawâqît Makaniyyah‬‬
‫‪2. Ketentuan Seputar Ber-Ihlal dari Miqat‬‬
‫‪3. Hukum Orang yang Rumahnya Berada Setelah Miqat‬‬
‫‪4. Mengambil Miqat yang Sejajar Jika Seseorang Tidak Melalui Suatu Miqat‬‬
‫?‪5. Haruskah Orang yang Memasuki Makkah Berihram‬‬
‫‪6. Bila Seseorang Melalui Miqat, tetapi Belum Berihram‬‬
‫‪7. Hukum Tentang Berihram Sebelum Miqat‬‬
‫)‪8. Bulan-Bulan Pelaksanaan Ibadah Haji (Mawâqît Zamaniyyah‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ
ﺈ ْﺣﺮا
م‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Ihram‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺯﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ًﺀ‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺮ‪ ‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻄﻴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﻈﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻁ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻳ‪ ‬ﻨ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ِﻈﻴ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 69 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ ِﻊ‬‫ﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺨﻴ‬

 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﺘِﻨﻲ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺚ‬
‫ﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﱢﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺲ ﹶﻓ‬
 ‫ﺣﺎِﺑ‬ ‫ﺴِﻨﻲ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻔ ﹶﻠﺎِﻧﻲ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹸﺃ ِﺭﻳ‬‫ﻢّ ِﺇﻧ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺮ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻡ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺤ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ ﹸﻥ‬ ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ ِﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺞ‬
 ‫ﻡ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺤ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ﹾﻓ‬‫ﻊ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ّ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻀ ﹸﻠ‬
 ‫ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ‬ ،‫ﺮﺍ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ ِﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ﹾﻓ‬
‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ‬،ِ‫ﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺇ‬ ‫ﻌ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬‫ﺤﺞ‬
 ‫ﻡ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﺤﺞ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺧ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹸﺛﻢ‬
‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺷ ِﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﻟﺎ‬
 ‫ﻤ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻤ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ ِﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﹾﻟ‬،‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﻟﺒ‬
 ‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺷ ِﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﻟﺎ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟﺒ‬،‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟﺒ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ )ﹶﻟﺒ‬:‫ﻰ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‬‫ﺭﺍ ِﺣ ﹶﻠِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﻟﺒ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻭﺍ ِﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺒ ﹶ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺸﺰ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﻲ ﺁ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬ ،‫ﺴﺎ ِﺀ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹾﻓ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﻣ‬ ‫ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ﹾﻛﹶﺜﺎ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ .(‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﹶﻟ‬
.‫ﻬﺎ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ ِﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻗ‬ ‫ﺤﺎ ِﺭ‬
 ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭِﺑﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﺔ‬‫ﺘﻮ‬‫ﻤ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺑﺎ ِﺭ ﺍﻟﺼ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺃ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍ ِﻛﺒ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻟ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻧﺎ ِﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺤ ﹸﻈﻮﺭ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣ ﹶﻠﺒ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺳ ِﻤ‬

1. Definisinya
2. Kesunnahan Mandi Ihram
3. Kesunnahan Berbersih-Bersih
4. Kesunnahan Memakai Wewangian
5. Menanggalkan Pakaian yang Disambung dengan Jahitan
6. Kesunnahan Memakai Sarung dan Ridâ`
7. Kesunnahan Memakai Dua Warna Putih yang Bersih
8. Tentang Shalat Dua Rakaat Sebelum Ihram
9. Niat dalam Memasuki Ihram
10. Kesunnahan Mengucapkan Bacaan Ihram
11. Tentang Kebolehan Adanya Pensyaratan pada Ihram
12. Pembolehan Memilih Salah Satu di Antara Tiga Jenis Nusuk (Tamattu’,
Ifrad, atau Qiran)
13. Nusuk yang Terafdhal Secara Berurut
14. Kebolehan Memasukkan Umrah ke dalam Haji Sebelum Thawaf Umrah
15. Ketidakbolehan Memasukkan Umrah ke dalam Haji
16. Bacaan Talbiyah dan Tempatnya
17. Kesunnahan Tentang Memperbanyak Talbiyah
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫‪18. Kesunnahan Tentang Mengangkat Suara Saat Bertalbiyah bagi Selain‬‬

‫‪Perempuan‬‬
‫‪19. Tempat-Tempat Pembacaan Talbiyah Secara Jahar‬‬

‫ت ا ْﻟ
ﺈ ْﺣﺮا
م‬
‫ب ﻣ ْﺤﻈﻮرا
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Hal-Hal Terlarang dalam Ihram‬‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ‪ :‬ﺣ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻌ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹶﻇﺎ ِﻓ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻲ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ٍﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺩ‪ ‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺩﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ٍﻡ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﻇ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺼ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ‬
‫ﺝ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﹶ ﹶﻄﻔﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺧﻔﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﻭﻳ ﹶﻞ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺯﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺨﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﹸﻟ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ِﻣﻨ‪ ‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐ ِﻄ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﹾﺃ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪِﻧ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﺛ‪‬ﻴﺎِﺑ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﱢﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴّﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒﺎﺣ‪‬ﺎ ]ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﻟﱢﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ[ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺱ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻠﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﻋ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻜﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺝ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓﻔِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ﹲﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﺓ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻲ‪ ‬ﻓِﻲ ﹶﻓﺎ ِﺳ ِﺪ ِﻩ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺞ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻠ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻁ ُﺀ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻨ ِﻌﻴ ِﻢ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻄﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻠ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺞ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗﺎِﺑ ٍﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ﹶﻛﺎﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺷ‪‬ﺎﺓﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻃ ﹶﺊ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹸﻟ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 71 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

1. Sembilan Hal Terlarang dalam Ihram:

a. Menghilangkan Rambut
b. Memotong Kuku
• Beberapa Bentuk Penghilangan Rambut dan Pemotongan Kuku
yang Dimaafkan
c. Mengenakan Pakaian yang Bersambung dengan Jahitan
• Pembolehan Sirwal dan Khuf
d. Menutup Kepala
• Kedua Telinga Adalah Bagian dari Kepala
e. Memakai Wewangian
f. Membunuh Hewan Buruan Darat
• Pembolehan terhadap Hewan Buruan Darat, Hewan Ternak, dan
Hewan yang Haram Dimakan
g. Melakukan Akad Nikah
• Penjelasan bahwa Akad Nikah Tidak Sah Saat Ihram
• Penjelasan bahwa Tiada Fidyah terhadap Pelanggaran Ini
h. Berintim Tanpa Jima’
• Penjelasan Tentang Fidyah terhadap Pelanggaran Ini
i. Berjima’
• Hukum Bila Jima’ Terjadi Sebelum Tahallul Pertama
• Hukum Bila Jima’ Terjadi Setelah Tahallul Pertama
• Hukum Bila Jima’ Terjadi Saat Umrah
2. Perempuan Adalah Sama dengan Laki-Laki dalam Segala Kewajiban
Menjauhi Larangan, Kecuali dalam Beberapa Perkara
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ
ﻔ ْﺪ ﻳ
ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Fidyah‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱢﻴ ِ‬
‫ﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹶﺫﻯ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺨِﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ٍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻴ ِﺪ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﻌ ِﻢ‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺘ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ٍﻊ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﺮ ِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﻡ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻃ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﻡ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ ﺁ ‪‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ ِﻮ ِﳝ ِﻪ ِﺑ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ٍﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺨﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣﺪ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻜ ٍ‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻄ ِﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﻛﻞﱠ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ِ‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻤﺘ‪ِ ‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ[ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺮِﺗﻴ ِ‬
‫]ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻤﺘ‪ِ ‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺞ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺔ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﻈﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﺮ‪ ‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓﺼِ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺟ‪‬ﺒ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻴ ِﺪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲﺓ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻛﻔﱠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻟﻠﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ِﺟ ‪‬ﻨ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻮﻱ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻁ ُﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻴ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹾﻘ ِﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾ‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﻓ ِﻠ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹲﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﻈﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻡ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹶﺫﻯ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇ ﹾﻃ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ٍﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ِﻮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﻈﻮ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰﹸﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺎ ٍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ِﻌ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ِﻊ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Penjelasan Dua Bentuk Fidyah:‬‬
‫‪a. Pemberian Pilihan:‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Pilihan Fidyah Karena Mengenakan Pakaian yang Bersambung‬‬
‫‪dengan Jahitan‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Rincian Pilihan Fidyah Karena Membunuh Hewan Buruan Darat‬‬
‫‪b. Secara Berurut pada Empat Hal:‬‬
‫•‬ ‫’‪Urutan Fidyah Tamattu‬‬
‫•‬ ‫’‪Urutan Fidyah Jima‬‬
‫•‬ ‫)‪Urutan Fidyah Karena Luput Menunaikan Sesuatu (Al-Fawât‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪73‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Urutan Fidyah Karena Terhalang Menunaikan Ibadah Haji (Al-‬‬

‫)‪Mukhshar‬‬
‫‪3. Beberapa Ketentuan Seputar Orang yang Mengulangi Pelanggaran Ihram‬‬
‫?‪4. Apakah Ada Fidyah Bila Melanggar Ihram Karena Lupa‬‬
‫‪5. Rincian Tempat Pembagian Fidyah Berupa Sembelihan atau Makanan‬‬
‫‪6. Rincian Tempat Pelaksanaan Puasa‬‬

‫ل ﻣ ﻜ ﺔ‬
‫ب دﺧﻮ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Tentang Memasuki Makkah‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪.n‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺑِﻨﻲ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﺔ ﺍ ﹾﻗِﺘﺪ‪‬ﺍ ًﺀ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴِ‬‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜّ ﹶﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺑ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺉ ِﺑ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ِﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺃﻯ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋﺎِﺗ ِﻘ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ] ‪‬ﻋﺎِﺗ ِﻘ ِﻪ[‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻄِﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺩﺍِﺋ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺪﻭ ِﻡ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻔ ِﺮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ِﺭﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﺪﻳﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ‪] ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ِ [‬ﺇ ‪‬ﳝﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺒ‪ ‬ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ِ :‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻢ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ِﺮ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺩ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺉ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ِﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﺭ ِﻩ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻄﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪ .n‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻧِﺒﻴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓﺎ ًﺀ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻭﺍﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑ ِﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻲ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ]ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﻯ[ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﹶﺫﻯ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎِﻧﻲ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺠ ِﺮ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﻞ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻗ‪‬ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ِﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫﻠﱠ ﹶﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹾﻛ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ) :‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺁِﺗ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻘﺎ ِﻡ ] ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮ[‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹾﻛ ِﻦ‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ(‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻮ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺳﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ِﻩ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺐ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺬﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻲ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬﻠﱢ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﺰ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻔﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑﺎِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﺄﺗِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻗﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ِﻊ‬
‫ﺸﻲ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺸﻲ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺓ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻛ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﺰ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌﻰ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ِﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ِﻢ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺑﺎﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ِﺑﺎﻟﺬﱠ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺿ ِﻊ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌِﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ِﻤ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻮﺍﻁٍ‪ ،‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌﻰ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺸِﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ‪-‬‬
‫ﺨِﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺓ‪ .‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺼ‪ ‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺮ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺣﻞﱠ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪ ‬ﻊ ‪ِ-‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑﺎﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻔﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﹾ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ﹶﻛﺎﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﻞ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﺎ ِﺭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻔ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪1. Arah yang Disunnahkan dalam Memasuki Makkah‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 74 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

2. Tempat yang Disunnahkan dalam Memasuki Masjid Al-Haram

3. Yang Dilakukan Saat Melihat Ka’bah
4. Tentang Memulai Thawaf bagi Jamaah Umrah
5. Tentang Memulai Thawaf bagi Jamaah Haji Ifrad dan Qiran
6. Tentang Idhthibâ’
7. Tentang Memulai Thawaf dari Hajar Aswad
8. Kesunnahan Menyentuh dan Mencium Hajar Aswad
9. Tentang Tasmiyah dan Takbir
10. Tentang Bacaan Doa Setelah Tasmiyah dan Takbir
11. Posisi Badan Saat Berthawaf
12. Berthawaf Sebanyak Tujuh Kali
13. Kesunnahan Raml pada Tiga Putaran Pertama
14. Kesunnahan Berjalan pada Empat Putaran Terakhir
15. Tentang Menyentuh Rukun Yamani dan Hajar Aswad
16. Tentang Membaca Takbir dan Tahlil Tatkala Menyentuh Rukun Yamani
dan Hajar Aswad
17. Tentang Bacaan Doa Antara Rukun Yamani dan Hajar Aswad
18. Kesunnahan Doa pada Seluruh Putaran Thawaf
19. Tentang Shalat Dua Rakaat di Belakang Maqam Ibrahim
20. Kembali ke Hajar Aswad Lalu Menyentuh Hajar Aswad
21. Tentang Berjalan ke Shafa
22. Amalan yang Dikerjakan Saat Berada di Atas Shafa
23. Tentang Berjalan Saat Sa’yi
24. Tentang Berlari Cepat di Antara Dua Tanda
25. Amalan yang Dikerjakan Saat Berada di Atas Marwah
26. Penjelasan bahwa Sa’yi Dilakukan Sebanyak Tujuh Kali Putaran
27. Cara Menghitung Putaran Sa’yi
28. Penjelasan Tahallul dengan Memotong Rambut bagi Jamaah Umrah
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪29. Tentang Tahallul bagi Jamaah Haji Qiran dan Ifrad‬‬

‫‪30. Perempuan Adalah Sama dengan Laki-Laki dalam Pelaksanaan Thawaf‬‬
‫‪dan Sa’yi, Kecuali dalam Ramldan Berlari Saat Sa’yi‬‬

‫ﺻ ﻔ
ﺔ ا ْﻟ ﺤ
ﺞ‬
‫ب
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Sifat Haji‬‬

‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺯﺍﹶﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓﺎ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺮ ِﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠﺎﹰﻟﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﻜﱠ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺕ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺑﹶﺄ ﹶﺫﺍ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬

‫ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ‬

‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﺒ ِﻞ ﹶﻗﺮِﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ِﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬

‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘِﺒ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ِﻛﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜِﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ‪) :‬ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺸﺎ ِﺓ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬

‫ﷲ  ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﺘ ِﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹾﻏ‪‬ﺒ ِﺔ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻗ ِﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺮ(‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ‪ِ ،‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ِﺪ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬

‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ِ ‬ﻜﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻠﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻡ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺩِﻟ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﺄ ِﺯ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﹸﻏ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬

‫ﹶﺫﺍ ِﻛﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺖ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳِﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺣﻂﱢ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺣﺎ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ]ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ[ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺩِﻟ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬

‫ﻒ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﺎِﺋ ِﻪ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻓﱠ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄِﺗﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ﹶﻠ ٍ‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ﺤﻖ‪l
o :‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﻓﱢ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﻟ ِﺬ ﹾﻛ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹾﻏ ِﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 76 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻔ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ‬.[١٩٨ :‫]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‬nut  s r q p o n m

‫ﻳ ِﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺼﺎ ٍﺓ‬

 ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻊ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﻜﺒ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺠ ٍﺮ‬
‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻴ ٍﺔ ِﺑ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻉ ﹶﻗ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺤﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻎ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ‬،‫ﺲ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺸ‬
ِ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹸﻃ ﹸﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﻊ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻳ‬

‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬

 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻒ ِﻋ‬
 ‫ﻳ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹾﻘِﺒ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻱ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ ِﺩ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﻄ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻣ ِﻲ‬ ‫ﺪﺍ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﺑِﺘ‬‫ﻴ ﹶﺔ ِﺑﺎ‬‫ ﹾﻠِﺒ‬‫ﻊ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ ﹶﻄ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻣ ِﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ‬

‫ﻑ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﻑ ِﻟﻠﺰ‬
 ‫ﻴ ﹸﻄﻮ‬‫ﻣﻜﱠ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺾ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
 ‫ﻳ ِﻔﻴ‬ ‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﺴﺎ َﺀ‬
 ‫ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻞﱠ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ ﹶﻗ‬‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﻘﺼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺭﹾﺃ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺤ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬

.‫ﺤﺞ‬
 ‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬

‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻞﱠ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ ﹶﻗ‬‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﺪﻭ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ‬

ِ ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻊ ﹶﻃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻣﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺓ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ ﹶﻔﺎ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹸﺛﻢ‬

.‫ﻲ ٍﺀ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬

‫ﺯﻗﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺭ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺎ ِﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﺎ ِﻋ ﹾﻠﻤ‬‫ﻪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ ﺍ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬ ‫ )ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‬:‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻀﻠﱠ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻡ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺏ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬

. (‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻤِﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺣ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻴِﺘ‬‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻩ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹶﻠ ﹾﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹾﻞ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻠِﺒﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﻭﺍ ﹾﻏ‬ ،‫ﺩﺍ ٍﺀ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺷ ﹶﻔﺎ ًﺀ ِﻣ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﻌ‬‫ﻭ ِﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭ ِﺭﻳ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍ ِﺳﻌ‬

1. Berihram Kembali pada Hari Tarwiyah bagi Jamaah yang Berada dalam
Kondisi Halal
2. Beberapa Hal yang Berkaitan dengan Hari Tarwiyah
3. Menuju ke Arafah
4. Menjamak Shalat Zhuhur dan Shalat Ashar dengan Sekali Adzan dan Dua
Iqamah pada Hari Arafah Setelah Matahari Tergelincir
5. Tentang Wuquf di Arafah
6. Kebolehan Pelaksanaan Wuquf pada Seluruh Tempat di Arafah
7. Ketidakbolehan Pelaksanaan Wuquf di ‘Uranah
8. Tempat Pelaksanaan Wuquf yang Lebih Disunnahkan
9. Kesunnahan untuk Menghadap Kiblat Tatkala Berwuquf
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 77 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

10. Tentang Berkendaraan Saat Berwuquf

11. Bacaan Doa Ketika Berwuquf
12. Kesunnahan untuk Bersungguh-Sungguh dalam Berdoa
13. Akhir Pelaksanaan Wuquf di Arafah
14. Menuju ke Muzdalifah
15. Jalan yang Ditempuh dalam Menuju ke Muzdalifah
16. Kesunnahan untuk Berlaku Tenang dan Tidak Tergesa-Gesa
17. Kesunnahan untuk Memperbanyak Talbiyah dan Dzikir kepada Allah
18. Menjamak Takhir Shalat Maghrib dan Shalat Isya di Muzdalifah
19. Mabît di Muzdalifah
20. Shalat Shubuh Lebih Awal di Muzdalifah
21. Mendatangi Al-Masy’aril Haram
22. Meninggalkan Muzdalifah Sebelum Matahari Terbit
23. Berjalan Cepat Ketika Melewati Lembah Muhassir
24. Berjalan ke Mina
25. Melempar Jumrah Aqabah
26. Melempar Jumrah dengan Menggunakan Tujuh Batu
27. Penjelasan Tentang Bentuk Batu Lemparan
28. Kesunnahan Tentang Bertakbir dan Mengangkat Tangan pada Setiap
Lemparan
29. Memutus Talbiyah pada Awal Lemparan
30. Tempat Penjatuhan Lemparan Batu
31. Tentang Menghadap Kiblat Saat Melempar
32. Penjelasan bahwa Tiada Doa Saat Melempar
33. Tentang Menyembelih Hadyu
34. Tentang Menggundul/Memendekkan Rambut
35. Tentang Tahallul Pertama
36. Tentang Thawaf Ifâdhah
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪78‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫‪37. Tentang Sa’yi Antara Shafa dan Marwah bagi Jamaah Haji Tamattu’ dan‬‬
‫‪Jamaah yang Belum Melaksanakan Thawaf Qudum (bagi Jamaah Haji‬‬
‫)‪Ifrad dan Qiran‬‬
‫‪38. Tentang Tahallul Kedua‬‬
‫‪39. Kesunnahan Tentang Meminum Air Zamzam‬‬
‫‪40. Kesunnahan Tentang Berbekal dengan Air Zamzam‬‬
‫‪41. Tentang Doa Setelah Meminum Air Zamzam‬‬

‫ب ﻣﺎ ﻳ ْﻔ ﻌﻠ ﻪ ﺑ ْﻌ ﺪ ا ْﻟ
ﺤ
ﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Amalan Setelah Tahallul‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭﺍ ِﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ٍﺓ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣﻲ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﻣ‪‬ﻨﻰ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳِﺒﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺒ ٍﻊ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣﻰ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘِﺒ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ِﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬

‫ﻒ ِﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﺮ‪ِ ‬ﻣﻲ ِﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣﻲ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹾﺄِﺗﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻄﻰ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻮ ﺍ َ‬

‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺑ ِﻤ‪‬ﻨﻰ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ‬

‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺠ‪ ‬ﹶﻞ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﺝ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ِﻤ‪‬ﻨﻰ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ِﺭﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘﻰ ‪‬ﺣﺠ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻔ ِﺮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤِﺒﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬

‫ﺤ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺼ‪ ‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌﻰ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻨ ِﻌﻴ ِﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹾﺄِﺗﻲ ‪‬ﻣﻜﱠ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻄﻮ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬ﻳ ِﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻮ ‪‬ﺳﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ِﺳ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺣﺠ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺲ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﺎ ِﺭ ِﻥ ِﺯ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻔ ِﺮ ِﺩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪ِ ‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺎﹶﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬

‫‪] nàßÞ ÝÜÛÚÙØ ×ÖÕÔÓÒÑÐ ÏÎÍÌËo‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪.[١٩٦ :‬‬

‫ﻑ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﻏ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻮ ِﺭ ِﻩ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺁ ِﺧ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﺩ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ﹸﻔﻮ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺰ ِﻡ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹾﻛ ِﻦ‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻃﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ٍﺓ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺑِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺪ ِﻩ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 79 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺨ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘِﻨﻲ‬‫ﻤ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ،‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻣِﺘ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻬﻢ‬ ‫ )ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‬:‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﺰ‬‫ﻴ ﹾﻠ‬‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛ‬،‫ﺴ ِﻜﻲ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺘِﻨﻲ‬‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ،‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻴِﺘ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
 ‫ﻤِﺘ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺘِﻨﻲ ِﺑِﻨ‬‫ﻐ‬ ّ‫ﺑ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺗِﻨﻲ ِﻓﻲ ِﺑ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺩ‬‫ﺮ‬ ّ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺧ ﹾﻠ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ِﻟﻲ ِﻣ‬
‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺮﺍ ِﻓﻲ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ِﺫ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭﺍ ﹸﻥ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻬ ﹶﺬﺍ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﺩﺍ ِﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻴِﺘ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻨﹶﺄﻯ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻓ ِﻤ‬ ،‫ﺿﺎ‬
 ‫ﻲ ِﺭ‬‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﻓﺎ‬‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺿﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ ﹶﺔ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‬ ،‫ﺪِﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹶﺔ ِﻓﻲ‬‫ﻌﺎ ِﻓ‬ ‫ﺒِﻨﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
ِ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‬.‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻴِﺘ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ٍ ‫ﺭﺍ ِﻏ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻴِﺘ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺒ ِﺪ ٍﻝ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ ﹶﻏ‬،‫ِﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻱ ﺍﻟﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺘِﻨﻲ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺯ ﹾﻗِﻨﻲ ﹶﻃﺎ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﻨ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻠِﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ،‫ﻤ ﹶﺔ ِﻓﻲ ِﺩﻳِﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ‬ ،‫ﺴ ِﻤﻲ‬
 ‫ِﻓﻲ ِﺟ‬
‫ﻉ‬
ِ ‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺝ ﹶﻗ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،n ‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻮ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ .(‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻗ ِﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ ِﺇﻧ‬،‫ﺮ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟﺂ ِﺧ‬
‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
 ‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺴﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻓ ﹶ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺾ‬
 ‫ﺤﺎِﺋ‬
 ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬،‫ﺪ ٍﻡ‬ ‫ﺚ ِﺑ‬
‫ﻌ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ ِﻪ[ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ ِﺮﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﻊ ]ِﺇﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
.‫ﻋﺎ ُﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺪ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻑ ِﻋ‬
 ‫ﻮ ﹸﻗﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
1. Kembali ke Mina untuk Mabît Setelah Tawaf Ifâdhah
2. Melempar Tiga Jumrah Setelah Matahari Tergelincir
3. Setiap Jumrah dengan Tujuh Batu
4. Ketentuan Seputar Melempar Jumrah Pertama (Jumrah Sughrâ`)
5. Ketentuan Seputar Melempar Jumrah Kedua (Jumrah Wusthâ`)
6. Ketentuan Seputar Melempar Jumrah Ketiga (Jumrah ‘Aqabah)
7. Kaifiyah Pelemparan pada Hari Kedua Adalah Sama dengan Hari
Pertama
8. Pembolehan dan Ketentuan Nafar Awal
9. Apakah Boleh Berumrah Setelah Manasik Haji Selesai?
10. Bila Orang yang Berumrah Tidak Memiliki Rambut
11. Perbedaan Antara Haji Qiran dan Haji Ifrad
12. Tentang Thawaf Wada’ dan Ketentuannya
13. Tentang Multazam
14. Kewajiban Dam terhadap Jamaah yang Tidak Menunaikan Thawaf Wada’
15. Tentang Perempuan Haid atau Nifas yang Tidak Menunaikan Thawaf
Wada’
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺮ
ة‬
‫ب أ ْرﻛﺎ
ن ا ْﻟ ﺤ
ﺞ وا ْﻟ ﻌ ْﻤ ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Rukun-Rukun Haji dan Umrah‬‬
‫ﻑ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺔ‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺟ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤﻴ ﹶﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺞ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ِﻤ‪‬ﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴّ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤِﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺩِﻟ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤِﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳِﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺟ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ٍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﺳﻨ‪ ‬ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ]ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩ[ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻗ ﹸﻔﻮﺍ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ُﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻄﹶﺄ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪﻳ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﻲ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻠﱠ ﹸﻞ ِﺑ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺤﺞ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ِ ‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣﺞ‪ِ ‬ﺯ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺞ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻓﹶ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪.c‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬‬
‫‪ n‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Penyebutan Dua Rukun Haji:‬‬
‫‪a. Wukuf di Arafah‬‬
‫)‪b. Thawaf Ziyârah (Thawaf Ifâdhah‬‬
‫‪2. Penyebutan Delapan Kewajiban Haji:‬‬
‫‪a. Ihram dari Miqat‬‬
‫‪b. Wuquf Hingga Waktu Maghrib‬‬
‫‪c. Mabît di Muzdalifah‬‬
‫‪d. Sa’yi‬‬
‫‪e. Mabît di Mina‬‬
‫‪f. Melempar Jumrah‬‬
‫‪g. Mencukur Rambut‬‬
‫’‪h. Thawaf Wada‬‬
‫‪3. Penyebutan Rukun Umrah‬‬
‫‪4. Penyebutan Tiga Rukun Haji:‬‬
‫‪a. Ihram‬‬
‫‪b. Sa’yi‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪81‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪c. Mencukur Rambut‬‬

‫‪5. Ketentuan Hukum Bila Seseorang Meninggalkan Suatu, Rukun,‬‬
‫‪Kewajiban, atau Sunnah‬‬
‫‪6. Batasan Terakhir untuk Wukuf di Arafah dan Hukum terhadap Jamaah‬‬
‫‪yang Tidak Mendapati Wukuf‬‬
‫‪7. Bila Terjadi Kesalahan dalam Penentuan Hari Arafah‬‬
‫‪8. Tentang Ziarah Kubur Nabi n Serta Kubur Abu Bakr dan Umar c‬‬

‫ﺿ
ﺤ ﻴ
ﺔ‬
‫ي وا ْﻟ ﺄ ْ‬
‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻬ ْﺪ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Hadyu dan Udh-hiyah‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ ِﺔ ِﺑﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻤِﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿِ‬‫ﺐ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹾﺬ ِﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺳﻨ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺿِ‬‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﹾﺄ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠِﻨ ‪‬ﻲّ ِﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺠ ﹶﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘﺤ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ﹸﻞ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﺳِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺛِﻨﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹶﻔﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻘﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ُﺀ‬
‫ﺉ ﺍﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ُﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ُﺀ‬
‫ﺉ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺃ ﹸﺫِﻧ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮِﻧ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﺒﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ ﹶﻇ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻗ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ ﱡﻞ ِﻣﻦ‪ِ ‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹸﺃ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺮ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻲ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺷﻘﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ُﺀ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻔﺎ ِﺣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ[‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺢ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ ِﻢ ] ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ِﻞ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻘﻮﹶﻟ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ِ‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺬ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ(‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹸﺃ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻢ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻚ‪ِ) :‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ‪ :‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ‬
‫ﺿِ‬‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺁ ِﺧ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ِﺯ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﻱ‪ .‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﺭ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ ِﻠﻴ ِﺪ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ‪ :‬ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿِ‬‫ﹸﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹾﻠ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳِﺒﻴﻌ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﻕ ِﺑﹸﺜ ﹸﻠِﺜ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪّ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪ِ‬ﺘ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿِ‬‫ﺚ ﹸﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹶﻞ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 82 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ﻌ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺰﻭ ٍﺭ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬n ‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ ِﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨ‬،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻛ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺍ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺗ ﹶﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻱ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
 ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‬
:n ‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ،‫ﺮﺍ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻌ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻱ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺐ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
ٍ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹶﻛ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻬ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻞ ِﻣ‬،‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﹶﻓ ﹸﻄِﺒ‬
.((‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻀﺤ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻴﺌﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺮِﺗ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ ِﺮ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹾﺬ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﺄ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻓﻼﹶ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺧ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻀﺤ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
1. Hukumnya
2. Antara Ber-udh-hiyah dan Bersedekah dengan Senilai Udh-hiyah
3. Udh-hiyah Terafdhal
4. Kesunnahan Tentang Menggemukkan Udh-hiyah
5. Rincian Umur Udh-hiyah
6. Kebolehan Seekor Kambing untuk Satu Orang dan Seekor Sapi atau Unta
untuk Tujuh Orang
7. Rincian Cacat-Cacat yang Tidak Diperbolehkan Ada pada Udh-hiyah
8. Kesunnahan Penyembelihan dengan Memberdirikan Unta dan
Membaringkan Sapi atau Kambing
9. Bacaan Ketika Menyembelih
10. Syarat Penyembelih
11. Kesunnahan bagi Pemilik Udh-hiyah untuk Menyembelih Langsung Udh-
hiyah-nya
12. Waktu Penyembelihan
13. Tentang Ta’yîn (Pemastian Penyembelihan)
14. Tentang Memberi Upah kepada Tukang Sembelih
15. Tentang Membagi Hasil Penyembelihan Menjadi Tiga
16. Hukum Pemanfaatan Kulit Udh-hiyah
17. Larangan Menjual Kulit atau Daging Udh-hiyah
18. Ketentuan Tentang Memakan Hadyu
19. Hadits Tentang Udh-hiyah
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 83 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻌﻘ
ﻴ ﻘ
ﺔ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Aqiqah
‫ﻕ‬
 ‫ﺼﺪ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹶﻠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺳﺎِﺑ ِﻌ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺢ‬
 ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺗ ﹾﺬ‬ ،‫ﺷﺎ ﹲﺓ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺔ‬‫ﺠﺎ ِﺭ‬
 ‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺎ ِﻥ‬‫ﺘ ﹶﻜﺎ ِﻓﹶﺌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ِﻥ‬‫ﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﻐ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ،‫ ﹲﺔ‬‫ﺳﻨ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬
‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻀﺎ ًﺀ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻨ ِﺰ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ‬
 ‫ﻭ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺕ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻲ ِﺇ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓﺎ‬،‫ﺮ ﹶﺓ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎِﺑ ِﻌ ِﻪ[ ﹶﻓ ِﻔﻲ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬] ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓﺎ‬،‫ﻭ ِﺭﻗﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺯِﻧ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ِﺑ‬
.‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻮﻯ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﺳ‬ ‫ ِﺔ ِﻓﻴ‬‫ﺤﻴ‬
ِ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹾﻈ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻜ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Hukumnya
3. Dua Ekor Kambing untuk Laki-Laki dan Seekor Kambing untuk
Perempuan
4. Waktu Penyembelihan
5. Mencukur Rambut Bayi
6. Bersedekah Senilai dengan Timbangan Rambut
7. Jika Hari Ketujuh Telah Luput
8. Tentang Cara Pemotongan Daging Kambing Aqiqah yang Telah
Disembelih
9. Apakah Ketentuan Aqiqah Sama dengan Ketentuan Udh-hiyah?

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْﺒﻴْ
ﻊ‬

‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Jual-Beli‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬
‫ﺿ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻝ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫‪]
n Y X W
o‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪[٢٧٥ :‬‬ ‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺎﹶﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹸﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻠ ِﻔ ِﻪ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ﹾﻠِﺒ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻠﻮ ٍﻙ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺍ ﹶﻃﺎ ٍﻥ((‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ِﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻴ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﺷ‪‬ﻴ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ )) :‬ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﻰ ﹶﻛ ﹾﻠﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻛ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺮ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻡ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻠﻮ ٍﻙ ِﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎِﺋ ِﻌ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻜ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻭﹶﻟﺎ‪‬ﻳ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎِﺋ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬﻮ ٍﻝ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻤ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻭ ٍﻡ ﹶﻛﺎﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠﻴ ِﻤ ِﻪ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟﺂِﺑ ِﻖ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ِﺩ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ٍﺯ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺅ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻِﺒ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺬﻩِ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪ٍ ‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺪ ِﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻋِﺒﻴ ِﺪ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ٍﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ ِﻄﻴ ٍﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
‫ﺏ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺼﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ٍﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻯ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻘ ِﻔﻴ ٍﺰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Hukum Asalnya‬‬
‫‪2. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪3. Pembolehan Menjual Hal yang Bermanfaat yang Mubah‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Menjual Anjing‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Menjual Hal yang Tidak Dimiliki‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Menjual Hal yang Tidak Bermanfaat‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Menjual Manfaat yang Haram‬‬
‫‪8. Tentang Menjual Hal yang Tidak Ada‬‬
‫‪9. Tentang Menjual Hal yang Tidak Jelas‬‬
‫‪10. Tentang Menjual Hal yang Tdk Mampu Diserahkan‬‬
‫‪11. Tentang Menjual Barang Curian‬‬
‫‪12. Tentang Menjual Hal yang Belum Ditentukan‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 85 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﻋ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﻚ ِﺑ ﹶﻜﺬﹶﺍ‬
 ‫ﻮ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹶﻟ‬
ٍ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ ﹶﺛ‬‫ ﹶﺃﻱ‬:‫ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬ ،‫ﺴ ِﺔ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﻠﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﻡ‬ ‫ ﺍ‬:‫ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺼﺎ ِﺓ‬
 ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ ِﺑ ﹶﻜﺬﹶﺍ‬‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺒ ﹾﺬ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
ٍ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ ﹶﺛ‬‫ ﹶﺃﻱ‬:‫ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬ ،‫ﺑ ﹶﺬ ﹶﺓ‬‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺽ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ‬
ِ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹸﺓ ِﻣ‬‫ﺤﺼ‬
 ‫ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹸﻠ ﹸﻎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻚ ﻣ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺑ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻚ ِﺑ ﹶﻜﺬﹶﺍ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
ٍ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ ﹶﺛ‬‫ﺎ ِﺓ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻱ‬‫ﺤﺼ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺶ‬
ِ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬‫ﺴﺎﺭ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺳ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎ ٍﺩ‬‫ﺿ ٍﺮ ِﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻊ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﻴ ِﻊ ﹶﺃ ِﺧﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻊ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ِﺑ ﹶﻜﺬﹶﺍ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺡ ﹶﺃ‬
ٍ ‫ﺤﺎ‬
‫ﺻ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ ٍﺓ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ ِﺑ‬:‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻌ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ َﺀ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺷ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ ِﺔ‬ ‫ ﹾﻠ‬‫ﺪ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺰﻳ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹶﻠﻘﱠ‬ ‫ ))ﹶﻟﺎ‬:‫ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ،‫ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻱ ِﻣﻨ‬
 ‫ﺘ ِﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻌِﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺗِﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺃﻥﹾ‬ ‫ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ ِﺑ‬:‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﺮ ٍﺓ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹶﻜﺴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ‬
 ‫ِﻋ‬
.((‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮ ِﻓ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳِﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ‬‫ﻌﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺮﻯ ﹶﻃ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ‬ )) :‫ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ .((‫ﻕ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻂ ِﺑ‬
‫ﺒ ﹶ‬‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻳ‬

1. Seputar Hal yang Terlarang dalam Jual-Beli

2. Tentang Al-Mulâmasah
3. Tentang Al-Munâbatsah
4. Tentang Bai`ul Hashâh
5. Tentang Bertransaksi di Atas Transaksi Saudaranya
6. Tentang Seorang Hadhir ‘Orang Kota’ Menjual untuk Bâd ‘Orang Desa’
7. Tentang An-Najm
8. Tentang Larangan Dua Akad Jual-Beli dalam Satu Transaksi
9. Hadits Tentang Menyambut Orang-Orang yang Membawa Barang
Dagangan
10. Hadits Tentang Makanan Dijual Sebelum Diterima Secara Sempurna
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪86‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺮﺑﺎ‬
‫ب اﻟ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Riba‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔﻀ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ِﻔﻀ‪ِ ‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺑﺎﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺑﺎﻟﺬﱠ ‪‬ﻫ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﺍﻟﺬﱠ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﻓِﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻌﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٍﺀ‪ .‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹰﻠﺎ ِﺑ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ٍﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ًﺀ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ِﻤ ﹾﻠ ِ‬
‫ﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﺑﺎﻟﺸ‪ِ ‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪ِ ‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻄﻌ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜﻴ ٍﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯﻭ ٍﻥ‬
‫ﻒ ِﺷ ﹾﺌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ]ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ[ ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﺭ‪‬ﺑﻰ((‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯﻭ ٍﻥ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻴﻠﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ِﻜﻴ ٍﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻣ ﹾﺜﻠﹰﺎ ِﺑ ِﻤ ﹾﺜﻞٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺾ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑِﺎﻟﹶﺜّ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ُﺀ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘ ِﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ‪‬ﻧﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﹶﺌ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧﺎﺹ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻮ‪‬ﺑ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺼ ٍﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺧﺎِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴﺎِﺑ ٍ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻃ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﺩﻗﱠ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ِﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍﺗ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻧﻴﹶﺌ ٍﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒﻮ ‪‬ﺧ ٍﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺺ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻊ‬
‫ﺨ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺧ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺰﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺷ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻤ ِﺮ ﺑِﺎﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻤ ِﺮ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺭﺀُﻭ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬﻰ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻃﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ٍﻖ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﲬ‪‬‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﻳﺎ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹾ‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Salah Satu Hadits yang Menjadi Landasan Pembahasan Riba‬‬
‫‪3. Kaidah dalam Penukaran Dua Makanan Ribawi yang Sejenis‬‬
‫‪4. Keharusan untuk Menyamakan Timbangan atau Takaran‬‬
‫‪5. Kaidah dalam Penukaran Dua Barang Ribawi yang Berbeda Jenis‬‬
‫‪6. Keharusan Pembayaran Kontan, Kecuali pada Pembayaran Harga Barang‬‬
‫‪7. Ukuran Dua Barang Ribawi yang Dianggap Sejenis‬‬
‫‪8. Hukum Penukaran Dua Barang Ribawi yang Sejenis, tetapi Kondisinya‬‬
‫)‪Berbeda (Kebasahan, Kemurnian, atau Kematangan‬‬
‫‪9. Tentang Al-Muzâbanah‬‬
‫‪10. Tentang Al-‘Arâya dan Ketentuannya‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪87‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ل واﻟ ﺜﻤﺎ
ر‬

‫ب ﺑ ْﻴ
ﻊ ا ْﻟ ﺄﺻﻮ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Jual-Beli Pepohonan dan Buah-Buahan‬‬

‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺆﺑ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹶﻓﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒﺎِﺋ ِﻊ‪ ،‬ﺇِﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﹰ‬‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ )) :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﹰﺓ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺮ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﺩﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺳ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻉ((‪ .‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺰ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎ ِﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻊ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒﺎِﺋ ِﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮﻱ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺰ‪ ‬ﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪ٍ ‬ﺓ ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ ﹾﻃ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒﺎِﺋ ِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Hadits Tentang Penjualan Pohon yang Berbuah‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Penjualan Tanah yang Memiliki Tanaman‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬

‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬

‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪﻭ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬﻰ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎِﺋ ِﻊ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺟﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹶﺬﺍ ِﺫ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺮ ِﻙ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺮ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪‬؟ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﺃ ِﺧﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺟﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ِﺧﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺞ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِﻄﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬‬‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻮ‪ ‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬

‫‪1. Hadits Tentang Larangan Menjual Buah, Kecuali Setelah Buah Itu‬‬
‫‪Berhasil‬‬
‫‪2. Bila Dijual, Buah yang Telah Tampak Berhasil, Kemudian Tetap‬‬
‫‪Dibiarkan pada Pokoknya Hingga Waktu Panen‬‬
‫‪3. Ukuran Keberhasilan Suatu Buah‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪88‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ
ﺨﻴﺎ
ر‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Khiyâr‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻗﺎ ِﺑﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍِﻧ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴﻊ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪ ‬ﻌﺎ ِﻥ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘﻄﹶ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺪ‪ ‬ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜﻮ‪‬ﻧﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻃ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻃﺎﹶﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ ﹶﻃﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻞ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤِﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺵ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺴّ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ِﺑﺎﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ِﻠ ﹶﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ٍﻞ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ِﻋ ﹾﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺫِﻟﻚ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪)) :n ‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺵ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ‪‬ﻳِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻠِﺒ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ‬
‫ﺻﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﺮ(( ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺿ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ِﺭ‪‬ﻳ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﺣﻤ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ‪ ‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻌ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣﻰ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻩ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪِﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﻟﱠ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻔ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺰﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤِﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺼﻮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﻴﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ٍﺔ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﺑ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻛ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺢ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻮ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺑﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤِﺒﻴ ِﻊ ﻓ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑﺎﻟﺰ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﻈﱢ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨِﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺑ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺄ ِﺟﻴ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻂ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆﺟ‪ ‬ﹲﻞ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮﻱ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ِ ‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄﺎِﺋ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻏ ِﻠ ﹶ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺧﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻏ ِﻠ ﹶ‬
‫ﺦ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺤﺎﹶﻟ ﹶﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪ ‬ﻌﺎ ِﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻛ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ِ ‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﻰ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Tentang Khiyâr Majelis‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪Tentang Khiyâr Syarth‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪Tentang Khiyâr ‘Aib‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫”‪Kaidah “Al-Kharâj Bidh Dhamân‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪Hadits Tentang Larangan Tashriyah‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪Tentang Khiyâr Tadlis‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫‪Tentang Khiyâr Ghaban‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪Tentang Khiyâr Takhyîr Bits Tsaman‬‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫‪Tentang Khiyâr Karena Perselisihan Mengenai Harga‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪89‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ب اﻟ ﺴﻠ
ﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab As-Salâm‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ﹸﻔﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱢ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺭ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺪﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪ c‬ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻴ ٍﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠﻮ ٍﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠﻮ ٍﻡ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ٍﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠﻮ ٍﻡ((‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ )) :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ٍﺪّ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺿ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻴ ٍﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ٍﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﺭ ٍ‬
‫ﻂ ِﺑﺎﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ِﺔ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀِﺒ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ٍﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ًﺀ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻗ ﹰﺔ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ِ ‬ﻗ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻨ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﹶﺌ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﻀ ِﻪ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻧ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ﹶﻗﺎﹶﻟ ﹸﺔ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮﺍﹶﻟ ﹸﺔ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Hadits yang Merupakan Dasar Pembahasannya‬‬
‫‪3. Syarat-Syaratnya‬‬
‫‪4. Pembolehan Salâm dengan Menerima Barang Secara Berkala‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Penentuan Harga pada Dua Barang yang Berbeda dalam Akad‬‬
‫‪Salâm‬‬
‫‪6. Ketidakbolehan Penjualan Barang Salâm Sebelum Dipegang‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Melakukan Hawâlah pada Barang Salâm‬‬
‫‪8. Pembolehan Iqâlah pada Akad Salâm‬‬

‫ﺮ
ه[‬
‫ض ] و ﻏ ْﻴ
‬
‫ﺮ
‬
‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻘ ْ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫]‪Bab Qardh ‘Peminjaman’ [dan Selainnya‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺇِِﺑ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ ِﺔ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ِﻓ ٍﻊ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ٍﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃِﺑﻲ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ِﻓ ٍﻊ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻮ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ِﻓ ٍﻊ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ِﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺧ‪‬ﻴﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﻋﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻄ ِﻪ ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔﺎ ِﺭﻳ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ًﺀ((‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﻁ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺸﺘ‪ِ ‬ﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﺽ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﹶﺄﺟ‪ ‬ﹾﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹲ‬
‫ﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺽ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹲﺓ ]ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ[ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻛ ِﻔﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻫ ِﺪﻳ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫‪1. Definisi Qardh‬‬
‫‪2. Hadits Tentang Peminjaman‬‬
‫‪3. Pengembalian Pinjaman dengan yang Semisal atau Lebih Baik daripada‬‬
‫‪Pinjaman‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Peminjaman dalam Beberapa Kali Pengambilan Kemudian‬‬
‫‪Dikembalikan Sekaligus‬‬
‫?‪5. Penentuan Waktu Pelunasan, Apakah Berlaku dalam Akad Pinjaman‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Mengambil Manfaat dari Pinjaman‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Persyaratan Rahn dan Kâfil dalam Pinjaman‬‬
‫‪8. Tentang Menerima Hadiah dari Pinjaman‬‬

‫ب أ ْﺣﻜﺎ
م اﻟ ﺪﻳ
ﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Hukum-Hukum Seputar Utang‬‬

‫ﺴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻞﱠ ِﺑ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻔ ِﻠﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺟ‪ِ ‬ﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺐ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻠ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆﺟ‪ ‬ﹲﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺪ‪ِ‬ﺗ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄﻮ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ِﳝ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮِﺗ ِﻪ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭﺛﱠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ٍﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ِﻔﻴ ٍﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺳِﺒﻴ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣﻠﱢ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺇ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻈﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻰ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺣﺎﻟ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﺛﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺑ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﻓﱢ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣﻮ ِﺳﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻰ ‪‬ﺣِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹲﻝ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪ ‬ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺟﺎ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪ ‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺤﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄ ﹶﻝ ﹸﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﹾ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣﺎﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻔﻲ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹸﻛﻠﱢ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺵ ِﺟ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪‬ﻳ ٍﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻗﻴ ِﻘ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻀﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳِﻨ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﹸﺃ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹾﻞ ِﺇ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﻟﱠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳِﻨ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫِﻨ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﺀ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﺬ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤِﻨ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺰ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺯ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ِﻘﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳِﻨ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 91 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

.((‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ‬‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺲ ﹶﻓ‬

 ‫ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ ٍﻥ ﹶﻗ‬‫ﻧﺴ‬‫ﺪ ِﺇ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ )) :n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹸﺬ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬
‫ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺆ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺲ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ ﹾﻔ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ ِﻔ‬‫ﻳﺘ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮِﻧ ِﻬ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ‬‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬‫ﻭ‬
.‫ﺤ ِﻠ ﹸﻔﻮﺍ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎِﺋ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻦ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻒ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺤ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺑﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬‫ﺸﺎ ِﻫ ٍﺪ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬
 ‫ ِﺑ‬‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﺴﻢ‬
 ‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬
1. Penagihan, Hajr, dan Taflîs pada Utang yang Waktu Pembayarannya
Telah Ditentukan
2. Bila Peminjam Meninggal, Sedang Ahli Waris Memberi Rahn atau
Mengadakan Kâfil ‘Pemberi Kafâlah’
3. Jika Peminjam Ingin Melakukan Perjalanan
4. Bila Utang Seseorang yang Kesulitan Telah Jatuh Tempo
5. Bagaimana Mengetahui Kebenaran Pengakuan Orang yang Mengaku
Sedang Kesulitan?
6. Kewajiban Pengutang yang Memiliki Kelapangan
7. Tentang Memenjarakan Pengutang
8. Tentang Hajr
9. Konsekuensi Suatu Hajr
10. Beberapa Ketentuan Seputar Penyelesaian Hak-Hak Pemilik Piutang
terhadap Harta Orang yang Di-hajr
11. Tentang Nafkah Orang yang Di-hajr
12. Tentang Sumpah terhadap Suatu Hak bagi Orang yang Di-hajr

‫ﻀﻤﺎ
ن‬
 ‫ب ا ْﻟ ﺤﻮا ﻟ
ﺔ واﻟ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Hawâlah dan Dhamân

‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ ِﻠﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﺃ ِﺣﻴ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺤﻴ ﹸﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺉ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺑ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳِﻨ ِﻪ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﺃ ِﺣﻴ ﹶﻞ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮﹾﺃ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺿﺎ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺿ ِﻤ‬
 ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ .((‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣ ِﻠﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹸﻛ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻊ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺗِﺒ‬‫ ))ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹸﺃ‬:n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﺘﺎ ﹶﻝ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺿﺎ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺉ‬
 ‫ﺑ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺮﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻤﻮ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻓﻰ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ‬،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺷﺎ َﺀ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹸﺔ‬‫ﻣ ﹶﻄﺎﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺼﺎ ِﺣِﺒ ِﻪ‬
 ‫ﻭِﻟ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪92‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﻀﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‬

‫ﺻﻴ ﹸﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻓﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻞ ِﺑِﺈ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮِﺃ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ ﹶﻛ ِﻔﻴ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺑ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Perpindahan Tanggung Jawab dalam Hawâlah‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Hukum Penerimaan Hawâlah‬‬
‫‪4. Bila Ada Pemberi Dhamân kepada Orang yang Berutang‬‬
‫?‪5. Kapan Tanggung Jawab Seorang Dhâmin ‘Pemberi Dhamân’ Lepas‬‬
‫‪6. Bila Pemilik Piutang Memaafkan Dhâmin, Kewajiban Pengutang‬‬
‫‪Tidaklah Gugur‬‬
‫‪7. Bila Utang Telah Dilunasi, Dhâmin Menagih kepada Pengutang‬‬
‫‪8. Tentang Kafâlah untuk Menghadirkan Pengutang‬‬
‫‪9. Tanggung Jawab Kâfil Gugur Ketika Pengutang Telah Meninggal‬‬

‫ﺮ ْﻫ
ﻦ‬
‫ب اﻟ ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Rahn‬‬
‫ﺨ ِﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻘ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹰﻻ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬

‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬

‫ﻀ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻧ ﹲﺔ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ِﻬ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ِﻣﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ِﻬ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻗﺒ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﺃ ِﻣ ِ‬
‫ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬

‫ﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺑ ِﻤ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﻠﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ِﻬ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﻛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ‪‬‬

‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺰِﻧ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔِﻨ ِﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬

‫ﺴِﺒ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻤﺎِﺋ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹸﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﻧِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﻟﻠﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻫ ِﻦ ﹸﻏ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏﻠﱠِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬

‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﻫ ِﻦ ِﺑ ِﻌ ‪‬ﺘ ٍﻖ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘﻴ ﹶﻠﺎ ٍﺀ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ﺠِﻨﻲ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒِﺘ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒِﺒ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺟﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹸﻗِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﺤﺎِﻟ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 93 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ ِﻤ‬‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺷ ِﺮ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍ ِﻫ ِﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎِﻗﻴ ِﻪ ِﻟﻠﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤِﻨ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺛ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬‫ﺤﻖ‬
 ‫ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﹸﺃﻭِﻓ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻦ ِﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻫ‬‫ﻳﻮِﻓ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺣﻞﱠ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬
.‫ﲔ‬
ٍ ‫ﺿ ِﻤ‬
 ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻫ ٍﻦ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣِﺘ ِﻪ ِﺑ ﹶﻠﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺇﹶﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺦ ﹶﺃ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎِﺋ‬‫ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺧﻴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﲔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
 ‫ ِﻤ‬‫ﺑﻰ ﺍﻟﻀ‬‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﱢ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻫ‬‫ﺑﻰ ﺍﻟﺮ‬‫ﻴ ٍﻊ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ِﻓﻲ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Ketentuan Hal yang Boleh Menjadi Rahn
3. Tentang Perikatan (Luzûm) dalam Rahn Setelah Memegang Rahn
Tersebut
4. Ketentuan Suatu Rahn yang Diangap Telah Dipegang
5. Bila Rahn Diterima oleh Wakil Murtahin ‘Penerima Rahn’
6. Kedudukan Rahn Sebagai Amanah
7. Hukum Pemanfaatan Rahn
8. Perkembangan yang Terjadi pada Rahn Adalah Milik Râhin ‘Pemilik
Rahn’
9. Kerugian yang Terjadi pada Rahn Adalah Tanggung Jawab Râhin
10. Bila Râhin Bepergian atau Membatalkan Rahn
11. Bila Orang Lain Melakukan Perugian terhadap Rahn, Râhin Tetap
Bertanggung Jawab
12. Harta yang Didapat oleh Sebab Suatu Rahn Merupakan Bagian dari Rahn
Tersebut
13. Bila Budak yang Digadaikan Melakukan Jinâyah
14. Ketentuan Tentang Menutupi Utang dari Rahn
15. Jika Râhin dan Dhâmin Tidak Menyerahkan Rahn

‫ﺼ ْﻠ
ﺢ‬
 ‫ب اﻟ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Shulh
‫ﺮﻃﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﻓﺎ َﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹾﻞ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺪ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﳝﻪ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹶﻏ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳِﻨ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺾ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺐ ِﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‬
 ‫ﺯ ﺍ ﹾﻗِﺘ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ ِﻗ‬‫ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﻌﺠ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ ِﻞ ِﻟ‬‫ﺆﺟ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ﹶﺬِﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﱠ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ ِﺀ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﺔ‬‫ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻬ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪94‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺠ ِﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ِ ،‬ﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ ‪‬ﻫ ِ‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺢ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺣﻘﱢ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﻃ ﹲﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﺎﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻛ ِﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ٍﻞ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Kebolehan Penggusuran Sebagian Utang‬‬
‫‪3. Beberapa Hal yang Tidak Diperbolehkan dalam Penggusuran Sebagian‬‬
‫‪Utang‬‬
‫‪4. Syarat Pembolehan Shulh dengan Mengambil Mata Uang Lain‬‬
‫‪5. Kebolehan Shulh terhadap Utang yang Tidak Diketahui oleh Orang yang‬‬
‫‪Dituntut‬‬
‫‪6. Kebatilan Shulh terhadap Orang yang Mengetahui bahwa Dirinya‬‬
‫‪Berdusta‬‬
‫‪7. Kebolehan Shulh Bila Pemilik Piutang dan Pengutang Tidak Mengetahui‬‬
‫‪Kadar Shulh‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻮﻛﺎ ﻟ
ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫’‪Bab Wakâlah ‘Pewakilan‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﺔ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮﻛﱢ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻛﻴ ﹸﻞ ِﻣﻤ‪ ‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺟﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺰ ﹲﺓ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹸﺓ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ِ ‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻔ ِﻬ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺨ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨﻮِﻧ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴِ‬‫ﺕ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺟﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻄ ﹸﻞ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗ‪ ‬ﻮ ِﻛﻴ ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﺲ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻛﻴ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ﹾﺫ ﹸﻥ ﹶﻟ ﹾﻔﻈﹰﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻓﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌﺎﹶﻟ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹶﺫ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑﺈِ ﹾﺫ ِﻥ ] ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮﻛﱢ ِﻠ ِﻪ[ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ِﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮﺍ ُﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻒ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹶﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻛﻴ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﻞ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻮ ِﻛﻴ ﹸﻞ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮﻛﱢ ِﻞ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ٍﺔ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِﻲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ .‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ٍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ِ :‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 95 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

1. Definisinya
2. Syarat Pembolehannya
3. Syarat bagi Muwakkil ‘Pemberi Wakâlah’ dan Wakil (yang Diberi
Wakâlah)
4. Tentang Akad Jâ`iz dalam Wakâlah
5. Beberapa Pembatal Wakâlah
6. Akad Wakâlah Adalah Sama dengan Akad Serikat, Musâqâh, Muzâra’ah,
Ju’âlah, dan Musâbaqah
7. Wakil Bertindak Sesuai dengan Izin Wakâlah
8. Seorang Wakil Tidak Boleh Mewakilkan kepada Orang Lain Tanpa
Seizin Muwakkil
9. Seorang Wakil Tidak Boleh Bertransaksi Tanpa Seizin Muwakkil
10. Bila Wakil Membeli Sesuatu Tanpa Izin
11. Tentang Dhamân terhadap Wakil Jika Terjadi Perugian
12. Ucapan Seorang Wakil Diterima pada Pengembalian Perugian dan
Penafian Tentang Pelampauan Batas
13. Bila Wakil Membayar Utang Muwakkil
14. Tentang Mengambil Upah dalam Wakâlah

‫ﺮ ﻛ
ﺔ‬

‫ب اﻟ ﺸ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Perserikatan
(‫ﺟﻮ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺷ ِﺮ ﹶﻛ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ) ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﹶﻟِﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﺮ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﺑ‬‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬ (‫ﻨﺎ ِﻥ‬‫ﺷ ِﺮ ﹶﻛ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ‬ ) :‫ﺏ‬
ٍ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 ‫ﻌ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬
‫ﺮ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ّ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﹰﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﺧ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻊ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬ (‫ﺑ ﹸﺔ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ) ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺠﺎ‬
 ‫ﻳﺎ ِﻥ ِﺑ‬‫ﺘ ِﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﺮ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﻓﻴ‬‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬
‫ﻋﺔ ٍﹶﺃ ِﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ ِﺑ‬‫ﺡ؛ ِﺇﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺪﺍِﻧ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺒﺎ ِﻥ ِﺑﹶﺄ‬‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﺮ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﻓﻴ‬‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬ (‫ﺍ ِﻥ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬‫ﺷ ِﺮ ﹶﻛ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ) ‫ﺤ ِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺘ ِﺮ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﻥ ِﻓﻲ ِﺭ‬‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺪ ٍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺮ ﹾﻛ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ )ﺍ‬:‫ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬z ‫ﻌﻮ ٍﺩ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
 ‫ﺭ ِﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴﺎ ٍﺩ ﹶﻛﻤ‬‫ﺻ ِﻄ‬
 ‫ﺵ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ‬
ٍ ‫ﺸﺎ‬
 ‫ﺣِﺘ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
.(‫ﻲ ٍﺀ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﺭ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬‫ﺕ ﹶﺃ‬
ِ ‫ﻢ ﺁ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﲑﻳ ِﻦ‬
 ‫ﺪ ِﺑﹶﺄ ِﺳ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺠﺎ َﺀ‬
 ‫ﹶﻓ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 96 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ ِﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺠ‬

 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺯ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ .‫ﻤﺎ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻃﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺟ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ‫ﺢ ِﻓﻲ‬
 ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺢ؛‬
ِ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹸﺔ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺿﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻋ ِﺔ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺰﺍ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ ﹶﻗﺎ ِﺓ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻢ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ‬
 ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ‬،‫ ٍﻦ‬‫ﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ ٍﺀ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﺢ ِﺑ‬
 ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻨ ﹲﺔ‬‫ﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
.‫ﺧ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﺢ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ‬
ِ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹸﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﹶﺌ ٍﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻊ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﺲ ِﻟﹶﺄ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Penjelasan Bentuk-Bentuk Serikat Secara Global
3. Tentang Serikat ‘Inân
4. Tentang Serikat Wujûh
5. Tentang Serikat Mudharabah
6. Tentang Serikat Abdân
7. Pembagian Keuntungan dalam Perserikatan
8. Bila Terjadi Kerugian
9. Tidak Boleh Memastikan Jumlah Bayaran Tertentu untuk Salah Seorang
Anggota Serikat
10. Tidak Boleh Memastikan Keuntungan Suatu Barang Tertentu untuk
Salah Seorang Anggota Serikat
11. Kesamaan Hukum Serikat dan Al-Musâqâh Serta Al-Muzâra’ah dalam Hal
Pembagian Hasil
12. Menutupi Kerugian dari Keuntungan
13. Tentang Transaksi Bertempo dalam Serikat
14. Pengambilan Keuntungan dengan Izin dari Pihak-Pihak yang Berserikat

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻤﺴﺎﻗﺎ
ة وا ْﻟ ﻤﺰا ر ﻋ
ﺔ‬

 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Musâqâh dan Muzâra’ah
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺰ ٍﺀ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺽ ِﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹸﺔ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺰﺍ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ،‫ ﹸﻠﻮ ٍﻡ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
ٍ ‫ﺸﺎ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤ ِﺮ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺛ‬ ‫ﺰ ٍﺀ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺮ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺛ‬ ‫ﺠ ٍﺮ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹸﺓ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬

‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺸ ﹾﻄ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﺮ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻫ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ) :‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻦ‬‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹾﺬ‬‫ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ﻉ‬
ِ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 97 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﺩ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ‬

ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .(‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻮﺍِﻟ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ) :‫ﻆ‬
ٍ ‫ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻟ ﹾﻔ‬ .(‫ﻤ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺛ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
ٍ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬

.‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺱ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﻗ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺼ ﹶﻞ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ﹰﺔ‬‫ﺩﺍﺑ‬ ‫ﺟ ٍﻞ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﻤ ِﻠ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ِﺑ‬

1. Definisinya
2. Syarat Pembolehan Musâqâh
3. Syarat Pembolehan Muzâra’ah
4. Lingkup Pekerjaan Penggarap Berdasarkan Kebiasaan yang Berlaku
5. Tentang Menyerahkan Kendaraan untuk Bagi Hasil dari Keuntungannya

‫ت‬

‫ب
إ ْﺣﻴﺎ
ء ا ْﻟ ﻤﻮا‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Penghidupan Lahan

‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ )) :n ‫ﷲ‬

ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻣﺎِﻟ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻑ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﺍِﺛ‬‫ﺽ ﺍﻟﺪ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬

‫ﻬﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﺀ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﹾﻟ‬

ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻂ‬
ِ ‫ﺤ ِﻮﻳ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﹶﻛﺎﻟﺘ‬‫ﺩ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹸﺄ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻟ‬‫ﻬﻴ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﺅ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ‬ .((‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ‬‫ﻣﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﺻ ﹶﻞ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬

 ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻬﺎ ِﺑ ﹾﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻌ ِﺔ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎِﻧ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﺎ ِﺭ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺎ ِﺭ‬
 ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻠ ِﻊ ﹶﺃ‬ ،‫ﻉ‬
ِ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ِﻟﻠﺰ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬

‫ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺸ‬

 ‫ﻭ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹲﺔ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺪﺍِﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﱘ ﺍﹾﻟِﺒ ﹾﺌ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹰﺔ‬‫ﻋﺎ ِﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺐ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‬
ٍ ‫ﺟﺎِﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻣ‬‫ﺭﺍﻋ‬ ‫ﺴﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﺫ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﳝ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻣ ﹶﻠ‬

.‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﻋ‬ ‫ِﺫ‬

1. Definisi Al-Mawât
2. Ketentuan Hukum bagi Orang yang Menghidupkan Lahan
3. Bentuk-Bentuk Penghidupan Lahan
4. Tentang Menggali Sumur
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪98‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﺠﻌﺎ ﻟ
ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Ju’âlah‬‬
‫ﺤﻖ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬﺍ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎِﺋ ﹶ‬
‫ﺿﺎﻟﱠِﺘﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻰ ِﻟﻲ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﹸﻟ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄِﺘﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺎﹸﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻫ ﹾﻞ ِﻓﻴ ﹸﻜﻢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬‫ﻍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ؛ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭﻯ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻮ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻥّ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻟ ِﺪ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹸﺃ ِﺑ ﹶﻔﺎِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠﻮﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻗ ِﻄﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ ِﻢ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠﻮﺍ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ؟ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺎﹸﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﹶﻟﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ )) :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ؟ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺉ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬﻭﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﹶﺄﹸﻟﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻗﻲ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻔ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺑ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻘﱠ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻠ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻐﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﻢ((‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﺿ ِﺮ‪‬ﺑﻮﺍ ِﻟﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Ketentuan Hukumnya‬‬
‫‪3. Bila Berita Keberadaan Ju’âlah Belum Sampai‬‬

‫ﻄ
ﺔ‬
‫ب اﻟﻠ ﻘ ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫’‪Bab Luqathah ‘Barang Temuan‬‬
‫ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ‬
‫ﺺ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺟﺎِﺑ ٍﺮ‪ ) :‬ﺭﺧ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺮﻳ ٍ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭﺍِﻟﺎ‪‬ﻧِﺘ ﹶﻔﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِﻘ ﹸﻞّ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻫ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ِﻘ ﹸﻄ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫‪ِ n‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ‪‬ﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ﺤ ِﻮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ِﺭ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘِﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ؟ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺣ ﹶﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺳ ﹶﻘﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﺿﺎﻟﱠ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ِﻞ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ )) :‬ﻣﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﺳِﺌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮﹾﺃ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﹾﻓ ِﻌ ِﻪ ﹶﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻧﺎِﺋ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄِﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ((‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ‬
‫ﻉ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ِﺭ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﻥ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘِﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜﹸﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﹾﺛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺕ[ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻰ ‪‬ﺟﺎ َﺀ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﺟ ِﺪ ]ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺮﻳ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮ ﹰﻻ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ِﻭ ‪‬ﻋﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﻑ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻃﺎِﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 99 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻣﺌﹸﻮ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬

 ‫ﺘﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﺍﻧ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ،‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻫ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺻ ﹶﻔ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻃﺎِﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﻰ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺻ ﹶﻔ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ‬
n‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺳِﺌ ﹶﻞ‬ :‫ﺧﺎِﻟ ٍﺪ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ؛ ِﻟ‬ ‫ ﹸﻓ‬‫ﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻒ ﹶﺃ‬
ِ ‫ﻌ ِﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹶﻠ ﹸﻔ‬ ‫ﺸﻰ‬
‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻴﺌﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﻫ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻣ‬‫ﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻃﺎِﻟ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﻨ ﹰﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ ﹾﻓ‬‫ﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﻭ ِﻋ ﹶﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻑ ِﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ َﺀ‬
 ‫ﻋ ِﺮ‬ ‫ ))ﺍ‬:‫ﻕ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﻟ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻠ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ﹸﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ .((‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ ِﻟﻠﺬﱢﹾﺋ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻭ ِﻟﹶﺄ ِﺧﻴ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻲ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻫ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹾﺬ‬ )) :‫ﺎ ِﺓ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‬‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﹶﺄﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .((‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﹶﻓﺎ‬
.‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ‬‫ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻒ ِﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﻌ ِﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ِﻓﻲ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Penyebutan Tiga Jenis Barang Temuan Secara Global
3. Tentang Barang Temuan yang Bernilai Sedikit
4. Tentang Barang Temuan Berupa Hewan yang Mampu Melindungi Diri
terhadap Binatang Buas Kecil
5. Tentang Barang Temuan Berupa Harta Berharga atau Hewan yang Tidak
Mampu Melindungi Diri terhadap Binatang Buas Kecil
6. Tentang Men-ta’rîf Barang Temuan Berupa Barang Berharga
7. Bila Pemilik Barang Datang Setelah Di-ta’rîf
8. Bila Pemilik Barang Tidak Datang Setelah Di-ta’rîf
9. Tentang Pemilik Barang yang Mengenali Bungkusan, Ikatan, dan Sifat
Barangnya
10. Tentang Barang Temuan Berupa Hewan yang Memerlukan Perawatan
atau Berupa Sesuatu yang Dikhawatirkan Rusak
11. Jika Barang Temuan Rusak

‫ﺼ ﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻩ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺳ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﻣ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ‬ ‫ِﺘ ِﻪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﻡ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹸﻜﻮ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺒﻮ ﹸﺫ‬‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﱢ ﹾﻔ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻂ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠ ِﻘﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﱠ ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ِ‫ﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺪﻻﹰ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ ِﻠﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻘ ِﻄ ِﻪ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﻤ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ ِﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
.‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻢ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﱠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺩﻳﻨ‬‫ﺴﺒ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻖ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
ِ ‫ﺍ ﹸﺃﹾﻟ‬‫ﻖ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
ِ ‫ﻪ ﹸﺃﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻲ ٌﺀ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 100 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

1. Definisi Laqîth
2. Hukum Kebebasan dan Keislaman Anak Temuan
3. Bila Anak Temuan Memiliki Harta
4. Siapa yang Menjadi Wali Anak Temuan?
5. Siapa yang Menanggung Nafkah Anak Temuan?
6. Harta Peninggalan Anak Temuan
7. Bila Ada yang Mengaku Memiliki Hubungan Nasab dengan Anak
Temuan

‫ب اﻟ ﺴ ْﺒ
ﻖ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Perlombaan
‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬،ِ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻌ ٍﻞ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺯ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﻛﻠﱢ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻌ ٍﻞ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ ِﺑ‬‫ﺴﺎ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺘِﺒ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ‬.((‫ﺣﺎ ِﻓ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺧﻒ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺼ ٍﻞ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻖ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ))ﹶﻟﺎ‬:n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ َﺀ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ َﺀﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺝ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺨ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻤﺎ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺎِﺑ ِﻖ ِﻣ‬‫ِﻟﻠﺴ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ ِﻬﻤ‬‫ﲑ‬
 ‫ﺑ ِﻌ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
 ‫ﺑ ِﻌ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﻜﺎ ِﻓ ﹸﺊ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺤﻠﱢ ﹰ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺧ ﹶﻠﺎ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺰ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺟ ِﻤﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ ٍﺭ‬ ‫ﺲ ِﺑ ِﻘ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻖ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺴِﺒ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﺄ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﺳ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ )) :n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻖ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،((‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻗ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻖ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺴِﺒ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﺃ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﺳ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
،‫ﺷ ِﻖ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺩ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ ﹶﻔِﺘ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﺔ‬‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﺪ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺔ‬‫ﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ ﹶﻓ ِﺔ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺤ ِﺪﻳ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ .‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣِﺒ ِﻪ‬
 ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﺳ‬
.‫ﻌ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﺔ ﹶﻟﺎ‬‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﻣ ِﻲ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‬‫ﺴﺎ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Pembolehan Perlombaan Tanpa Pungutan
3. Perlombaan-Perlombaan yang Diperbolehkan dengan Pungutan dan
Ketentuannya
4. Bila Hadiah Perlombaan Berasal dari Salah Seorang Peserta
5. Bila Setiap Peserta Membayar Pungutan
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 101 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

6. Tentang Muhallil dalam Perlombaan dan Ketentuannya

7. Beberapa Ketentuan Seputar Perlombaan

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻮد
ﻳ ﻌ
ﺔ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Wadî’ah ‘Barang Titipan’
‫ﺮ ِﺯ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺮ ِﺯ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻬ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِﺣ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹶﻔ ﹾﻈ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﻉ ﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹲﺔ ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻲ ﹶﺃﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹸﺛﻢ‬‫ﻨ ِﻔ ﹶﻘﻬ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎ ِﻟ‬‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺰ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﺎ ِﺑﻤ‬‫ﺧ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻄﻬ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،ِ‫ﺴﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ ﹾﻔ‬‫ﺎ ِﻟ‬‫ﻑ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬
 ‫ﺼﺮ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،ِ‫ﺎ ﻓِﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍ ِﺯﻫ‬‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺑِﺈ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ﹸﺃ ِﻣ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ ﻣ‬:‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻬ‬‫ﺿ ِﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣﻜﹶﺎِﻧ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﺇ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺪ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠِﺒﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻋ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻬ‬
ِ ‫ﻢ ﻛِﻴ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،[‫ﺎ‬‫ ِﺑﻬ‬‫ ]ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‬‫ﺎ ﹸﺛﻢ‬‫ﺪﻫ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬
،‫ﺎ ﹸﻗِﺒﻞﹶ‬‫ﺗ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻔﻬ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ ﺍﺩ‬‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬.‫ﻲ ٌﺀ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻨﺪِﻱ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﻋ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﹶﻟ‬‫ ﻣ‬:‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ،‫ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹾﻞ ِﻣ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺗ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻔﻬ‬ ‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬.‫ﺘﻨِﻲ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
.‫ﲑ‬
 ‫ﺘ ِﻌ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﺍ ﹸﳌ‬‫ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬‫ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹲﺔ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻀﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ﹸﺔ‬‫ﺎ ِﺭﻳ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‬‫ﻭ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Penjelasan bahwa Wadî’ah Merupakan Bentuk Amanah
3. Apakah Ada Dhamân Bila Terjadi Kerugian?
4. Beberapa Bentuk Perugian yang Dianggap Melampaui Batas
5. Menyikapi Ucapan Orang yang Dititipi Wadî’ah
6. Tentang Âriyyah dan Ketentuannya
7. Kewajiban Dhamân terhadap Kerugian Âriyyah

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْ
ﺈﺟﺎر
ة‬

‫
‬
‫’‪Kitab Ijârah ‘Sewa-Menyewa‬‬
‫ﺦ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮِﺗ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨﻮِﻧ ِﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﻓ ِﻊ ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺯ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﹶﻗ ِﺪ ‪‬ﳝﺎ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ِﺩﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻘﻮ ِﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻧ ِﻘ ﹶﻄﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺦ ِﺑ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻞ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪ٍ ‬ﻦ ﺃﹶ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﺣﺎِﺋ ٍ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﹶﻃ ِﺔ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹾﻜ‪‬ﻨﻰ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ٍﺭ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ٍﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠﻮ ٍﻡ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻴ ٍﻦ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺑﺪ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺮ ﹶﻓِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ِﻦ‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻔﺎِﺗ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺮ ﹶﻓ ِﺔ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮِﺗﻪِ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸ‬
‫ﺿ ٍﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪ٍ ‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑِﺈ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ٍﺓ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺭ ٍ‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﺿ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺎِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ ﱡﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ِﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻞ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻞ ِﻟﻠﺰ‪‬ﺍِﺋ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ٍﻊ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺪ‪ ‬ﹰﺓ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴِﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆﺟ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﺟ ِ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ِﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﻦ‬
‫ﻕ ] ِﻓﻲ[ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺣ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺣﺠ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻃِﺒﻴ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ِﺪ ِﻩ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻔ ِﺮﻳ ٍ‬
‫ﻒ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘِﺒ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻣﻤ‪ ‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴّﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﹾ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪﻳ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻋﻲ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺯ ِﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Perikatan (Luzûm) dalam Akad Ijârah‬‬
‫‪3. Beberapa Hal yang Tidak Membatalkan Akad Ijârah‬‬
‫‪4. Beberapa Hal yang Membatalkan Akad Ijârah‬‬
‫‪5. Pensyaratan Keabsahan Akad Ijârah terhadap Manfaat yang Dimaklumi‬‬
‫‪6. Pensyaratan Pengetahuan Upah Ijârah‬‬
‫‪7. Pengetahuan Tentang Benda yang Disewakan‬‬
‫‪8. Tentang Mengalihkan Manfaat atau Menyewakan Kembali Barang‬‬
‫‪Sewaan kepada Pihak Ketiga‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪103‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪9. Tentang Penggunaan Barang Sewaan Melebihi Pokok Akad dan Beberapa‬‬
‫‪Bentuknya‬‬
‫‪10. Tentang Dhamân terhadap Kerugian Barang Sewaan‬‬
‫‪11. Tentang Perugian Pekerja yang Tidak Terkena Dhamân dan Bentuk-‬‬
‫‪Bentuknya‬‬
‫‪12. Tentang Perugian Pekerja yang Terkena Dhamân‬‬

‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺼ
‬‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻐ ْ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Perampasan‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ ِﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻝ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘﻴ ﹶﻠﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺵ ِﺟ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪‬ﻳِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ِﻩ‬
‫ﺼ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ِ‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨﻰ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺵ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺺ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﻣﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﺎ ِﻣ ِﻪ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻩ ِﺑ ِﺰ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩِﺗ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ‬
‫ﺼﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ِﻩ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨِﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨِﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺑ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻠ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻩ ِﺑ ِﺰ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩِﺗ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹸﻗ ﹾﻄﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺰﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺑ ِﺰ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩِﺗ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺑﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬‬‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺧ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻯ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺼ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﺎ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺰ ﹰﻻ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪِﻧ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻠﻴ ِﻤ ِﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻼ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯﻭﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ِﻜﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺼﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ِ ‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪ ‬ﺰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺼﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻠ ﹶ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ‬
‫ﺵ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ﹾﻠ ِﻊ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺬ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺎ ِﺩ ِﻩ ‪‬ﺧﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ] ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻬﺎ[ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ‬
‫ﺵ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪ ‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ِﺭ‪‬ﻳ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻃﹶﺌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑ ِﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 104 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹸﺓ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭﹸﺃ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻗﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﺮﻱ‬‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻃﹶﺌ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ‬
.‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺻ‬
ِ ‫ﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ [‫ﻚ ] ﹸﻛﻠﱢ ِﻪ‬
 ‫ِﺑ ﹶﺬِﻟ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Kewajiban Pengembalian Harta Rampasan
3. Bila Harta Rampasan Adalah Hal yang Disewakan
4. Jika Terjadi Kekurangan pada Harta Rampasan
5. Kalau Terjadi Perugian pada Harta Rampasan
6. Bila Harta Rampasan Berkembang
7. Bila Harta Rampasan Berkembang Sekaligus Berkurang dan Beberapa
Contohnya
8. Jika Harta Rampasan Berkembang, Lalu Hasil Perkembangan Tersebut
Hilang
9. Kalau Harta Rampasan Tâlif ‘Hilang/Rusak’ atau Tidak Mungkin
Dikembalikan
10. Apabila Harta Rampasan Ditemukan Kembali, Padahal Telah Ditebus
11. Jika Harta Rampasan Bercampur dengan Sejenisnya Tanpa Bisa
Dibedakan
12. Kalau Harta Rampasan Bercampur dengan Jenis Lain Tanpa Bisa
Dibedakan
13. Bila Tanah Rampasan Telah Ditanami dengan Pohon
14. Bila Tanah Rampasan Telah Ditanami dengan Tanaman Panen dan
Hasilnya Telah Diambil oleh Si Perampas
15. Bila Tanah Rampasan Telah Ditanami dengan Tanaman Panen, tetapi
Hasilnya Belum Sempat Dipanen
16. Beberapa Pembahasan Tentang Merampas Budak Perempuan
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪105‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ب اﻟ ﺸ ْﻔ ﻌ
ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Syuf’ah‬‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ٍ‬
‫ﺐ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ِﺣﺼ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ‪‬ﺷ ِﺮﻳ ِﻜ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﻧِﺘ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﻘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ٍﻊ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻗﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﺐ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺒ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻐ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻘﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘّ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻰ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺟﺎِﺑ ٍﺮ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﺷ ﹾﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ِ n‬ﺑﺎﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍِ‬
‫ﺤ ِﻮ ِﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﳊﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻡ[ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ]ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟِﺒ ﹾﺌ ِﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻛﺎﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ِﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﻓﺎﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ﹸﻛﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻣ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮﻙ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺮ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺱ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺎ ﹸﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮﻱ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤﻴِﻨ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻔﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ِﺟﺰ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻄﺎﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃﺧ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻐ ٍﺮ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ؛ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ﹶﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ِﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺒ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹾﺄ ﹶﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻄﺎﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺸ ِﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮﻱ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ٌﺀ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ] ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ[ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺸﺘ‪ِ ‬ﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻉ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ٍﺩ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ٍﺭ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮﻱ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪ِ ‬ﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺼ‪ِ‬ﺘ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺺ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ﹶﺬﺍ ِﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ِﺷ ﹾﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻴﻔﹰﺎ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﹶﻓ ِﻠﻠﺸ‪ِ ‬ﻔﻴ ِﻊ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺎ ِﺩ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒﻘﱠﻰ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Penyebutan Tujuh Syarat Kewajiban Adanya Syuf’ah Secara Global‬‬
‫‪3. Syarat Pertama: Terjadinya Penjualan‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 106 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

4. Syarat Kedua: Barang dalam Bentuk Harta Tidak Bergerak

5. Syarat Ketiga: Barang Merupakan Bagian dari Suatu Kepemilikan Bersama
6. Syarat Keempat: Terjadi pada Harta yang Mungkin Dibagi
7. Syarat Kelima: Membeli Seluruh Bagian/Hak yang Dijual
8. Syarat Keenam: Membayar Harga Secara Sempurna
9. Syarat Ketujuh: Menyegerakan Tuntutan Saat Mengetahui Adanya
Penjualan
10. Beberapa Pengecualian terhadap Syarat Ketujuh
11. Bila Barang Telah Bergulir Hingga ke Tiga Pihak atau Lebih
12. Jika Barang Syuf’ah yang Telah Dibeli Sudah Ditanami atau Dibanguni
13. Apabila Barang Syuf’ah Telah Dijual Bersama dengan Barang Lain

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪107‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْﻮﻗْ
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‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Waqaf‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺍِﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻘﺎ ِﺀ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ِﻓﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻴ ٍﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴِﺒﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤِﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻳﺎ ِﺣ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﹾﺛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻮﻫ‪‬ﺎ[ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻴِﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ]ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺰ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺃ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﺑﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ٍ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪ ‬ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ِﺪﻱ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮِﻧﻲ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ؟ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ِ)) :‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ِﺷ ﹾﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻗ ﱡ‬
‫ﷲ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺳِﺒﻴ ِﻞ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻔ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻗﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺙ((‪ .‬ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸ‬
‫ﺻ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﺪﻳﻘﹰﺎ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻮ‪ٍ ‬ﻝ‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻄ ِﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹶﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻒ[‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ِ‬ﺒﻴ ِﻞ ] ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻥ ﺑِﺎﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺓ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺳ ﹶﻘﺎ‪‬ﻳ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴِ‬‫ﻒ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﻝﱢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒِﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺤِﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﻄﱠ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ﹸﻜﻠﱢﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻟﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺎِﻧ ِﻪ ِﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ِﻘ ﹶﻞ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺎ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺴِ‬‫ﺢ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺰ ِﻭ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺰ ِﻭ ِﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻆ‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻔ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﺟ ِﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﻟ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ ِﻓ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِﻃ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮِﺗﻴِﺒ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﺩ‪ ‬ﺧﺎ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟﻠﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ‪‬ﻧﹶﺜﻰ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻛ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﺪ ﹸﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ٍﻥ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﻇ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻗﻒِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﲔ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﻛ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑﺎﻟﺴ‪ِ ‬ﻮﻳ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻴ ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻮ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ]ِﺑ ِﻪ[ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Ketentuan Seputar Barang Waqaf‬‬
‫‪3. Ketentuan Seputar Pihak Penerima Waqaf‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Shîghah Waqaf‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Menjual Barang Waqaf yang Sudah Tidak Dimanfaatkan‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪108‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫‪6. Kedudukan Lafazh Pewaqaf‬‬

‫‪7. Tentang Penyamaan Hak Penerima Waqaf‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ
ﻬ ﺒ
ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Hibah‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺒﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ‪‬ﻧ ِﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﱡﻝ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ‬ﺑﺎﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﳚﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِﺓ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ٍﺪ ]ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ[ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻄﻴ‪ ‬ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﲑﺍِﺛ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ؛‬
‫ﺴﻮ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻄﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺩ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍِﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻲ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ((‪ .‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ِﺭﻱ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺪﹸﻟﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺩ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ(( ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﺍﺗ‪ ‬ﹸﻘﻮﺍ ﺍ َ‬
‫ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻰ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛِﺘ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺪ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ِ‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ ﹾﻜ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Keabsahannya Berdasarkan Ijab-Qabul‬‬
‫‪3. Keabsahannya Berdasarkan Pemberian yang Mengindikasikan Penghibahan‬‬
‫‪4. Perikatan (Luzûm) Hibah Setelah Penyerahan Barang‬‬
‫‪5. Tiada Rujuk terhadap Hibah, Kecuali dari Ayah kepada Anaknya‬‬
‫‪6. Kewajiban Pembagian Setara kepada Anak Kandung‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Umrâ dan Ketentuannya‬‬

‫ﺾ‬
‫ﻄ ﻴ
ﺔ ا ْﻟ ﻤﺮ
ﻳ
‬
‫ب ﻋ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Pemberian Orang Sakit‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻔﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟِﺘ ﹶﻘﺎ ِﺀ‬
‫ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺮﻳ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻞ ِﺑ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎِﻧ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻮ ﹸﻥ ِﺑ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ِﺪ ِﻩ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍﺗ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻗﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ِﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ِﻓﻲ ِﺳﺘ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻜﺎ ٍﻡ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪109‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﻱ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺭ ٍ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨِﺒﻲ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ِﺰ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ٍﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺰ‪‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃﹾﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‬
‫ﲔ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮِﺗ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹲﻝ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ِﺑ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰﻠﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺳﺘ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻠﻮ ِﻛ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹰﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺒ ِﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌِﺒﻴ ِﺪ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺔ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪ٍ ‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺷ ﹶﻜ ﹶﻞ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﻉ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِﻗ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻰ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻣﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻗﻮ‪ ‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺗﱪ‪ ‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻰ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺬ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻓﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﻟِ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺭﺛﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺎﹶﻟ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺨﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻓﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻴ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻜﺎ ٍﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻴ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻔ ﹸﺬ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺣﻴِﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻰ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻰ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩﺑ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻄﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ٍﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻮﺭ‪‬ﹶﺛ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶ‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺤﻴ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻮ ِﺩ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻴ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻫﺎ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻫﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻰ ‪‬ﺷﺎ َﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺯ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 110 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟﺂ ِﺧ ِﺮ‬ ‫ ِﻝ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻯ‬‫ﺴﻮ‬

 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ﹸﺔ‬‫ﺻﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺟ ِﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺚ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
 ‫ﺿﺎ‬
 ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ ِﻝ ِﻣ‬‫ ِﻝ ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‬‫ﺪﹶﺃ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ‬:‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺍِﺑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮ‬
‫ﻢ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ‬
 ‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ‬ ،‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻖ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ِﺘ ِﻪ‬‫ﺻﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻢ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﺺ‬
 ‫ ﹾﻘ‬‫ﺧ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ِﻣ‬
.‫ﺪ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺣ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹰﺔ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹾﻓ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬‫ﻌ ﹶﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
1. Ketentuan Seputar Pemberian dari Orang Sakit
2. Kesamaan Antara Pemberian Orang Sakit dan Wasiat pada Enam Hukum
3. Hukum Pertama: Pemberian Tidak Boleh Lebih dari Sepertiga dan Tidak
Boleh untuk Ahli Waris
4. Hukum Kedua: Pemberian Kebebasan Budak Berdasarkan Undian Jika
Sepertiga Tidak Mencukupi Seluruh Budak
5. Hukum Ketiga: Pemberian Kebebasan Seorang Budak yang Belum Jelas
Berdasarkan Undian
6. Hukum Keempat: Perhitungan Pemberian Budak dari Sepertiga Harta
yang Dikeluarkan
7. Hukum Kelima: Perhitungan terhadap Orang yang Diberi Sebagai Ahli
Waris atau Bukan Sebagai Ahli Waris
8. Hukum Keenam: Penganggapan Penolakan atau Penerimaan Ahli Waris
Setelah Wafat Terjadi
9. Perbedaan Antara Pemberian Orang Sakit dan Wasiat pada Empat
Hukum
10. Hukum Pertama: Waktu Penunaian
11. Hukum Kedua: Penganggapan Penerimaan atau Penolakan
12. Hukum Ketiga: Perikatan (Luzûm) yang Terjadi
13. Hukum Keempat: Kedahuluan/Kesamaan dalam Pemberian dan Wasiat
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪111‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْﻮﺻﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Wasiat‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﹸﺫﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ٍﻝ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮﹸﺛِﻨﻲ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻎ ِﺑﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺪ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺚ؟ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﹶﻓﺎﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﹶﻓﺎﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹾﻄ ِﺮ؟ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﹶﻟﺎ((‪ .‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ِﺑﹸﺜ ﹸﻠﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟﻲ؟ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﹶﻟﺎ((‪ .‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪ ‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ((‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻏِﻨ‪‬ﻴﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﺎﹶﻟ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻜﻔﱠ ﹸﻔﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ‪ِ .‬ﺇﻧ‪ ‬‬
‫ﹶﻛِﺜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ‬ﻫ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﲑ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ّ‬ﺪِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ِ ‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻞ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻬ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻔ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺍﻟﺼ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﻗ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻭ ِﻡ‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻴ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ ِﻢ ‪‬ﻭِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺡ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻜ ﹾﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠﻴ ِﻤ ِﻪ ﹶﻛﺎﻟﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻤ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻛﺎﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬﻮ ِﻝ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻛ ِﻤﺎﹶﺋ ِﺔ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫ ٍﻢ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪ٍ ‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋِﺒﻴ ِﺪ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ُﺀﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﻠﱢ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺼﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺤﻆﱟ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ٍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺭ‪‬ﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺎ ُﺀﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺫﻭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺼﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺻّﻰ ِﺑ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺑِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺧﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ٍﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﺯ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺪﻭ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪ ‬‬
‫ﹶﻛﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ ﹶﻛ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﻗﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻴ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻰ ِﺑ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ًﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻲ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻲ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺳﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬‬‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﹸﺛﻢ‪ِ ‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ِﺯ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩِﺗ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺴّ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ٍﺔ ِﺯ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ ِﻊ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ِﺑﹸﺜ ﹸﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪ ‬‬
‫ِﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺭ ٍ‬
‫ﺼﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺔ ِﺯ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻰ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ٍﻊ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﺬ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻉ ﹶﻛﹸﺜ ﹸﻠ ٍ‬
‫ﺸﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﻓ ِﻪ )ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﹶﺜﺎِﻟ ِﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻰ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻴِﺒ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ٍﻊ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﺬ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ َﺀ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﹶﻛﹸﺜ ﹸﻠ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻰ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 112 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻚ‬

 ‫ﻒ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
ِ ‫ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ ِﺔ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹶ‬‫ﺻﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﺳ‬
 ‫ﻌ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﺍ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ ِﻗ‬‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ،‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺭﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺚ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
ِ ‫ﺭ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺻﻰ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﺚ ﹶﻓ ِﻠ ﹾﻠ‬
ِ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﱡ ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ ٍﻦ ِﻣ‬‫ﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻰ ِﺑ‬‫ﻭﺻ‬
‫ﺙ‬
ٍ ‫ﻌ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃﹾﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺼﺎ‬
 ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺚ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹶ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 ‫ﺠ ِﻤﻴ ِﻌ ِﻪ‬
 ‫ﺮ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭِﻟﺂ‬ ‫ﺟ ٍﻞ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺚ‬
ِ ‫ﻰ ِﺑﹸﺜ ﹸﻠ‬‫ﻭﺻ‬ ‫ﺟ ٍﻞ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻝ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ ٍﻦ‬‫ﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻰ ِﺑ‬‫ﻭﺻ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻌ ٍﺔ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺕ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﻌ ٍﺔ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﺃ ِﺟﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ ِﺮ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺔ‬‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺘ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬
‫ ِﻝ‬‫ﺖ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﹶﺄﻭ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ :‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺻﻰ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺁ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺟ ٍﻞ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻰ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻰ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻟﺂ‬‫ﻭﺻ‬ ‫ﺟ ٍﻞ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ِﻟ‬
.‫ﻮ ِﻟﻠﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Salah Satu Hadits yang Menjadi Dasar Pokok Pembahasan
3. Kesunnahan bagi Pemilik Banyak Harta untuk Mewasiatkan Seperlima
Harta
4. Beberapa Syarat Tentang Pewasiat
5. Ketentuan Seputar Penerima Wasiat
6. Hal-Hal yang Sah untuk Diwasiatkan
7. Bila Salah Seseorang Berwasiat Sebesar Bagian Salah Seorang Ahli Waris
8. Bila Berwasiat dengan Harta Tertentu Melebihi Sepertiga
9. Bila Jumlah Wasiat Melebihi Seluruh Harta
10. Bila Suatu Harta Diwasiatkan kepada Seseorang, tetapi Kemudian
Diwasiatkan Lagi kepada Orang Lain
11. Bila Pewasiat Menunjuk Seseorang Sebagai Washiy ‘Pemegang Wasiat’,
tetapi Kemudian Washiy Tersebut Menunjuk Orang Lain

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻳﺪٍ ِﺑ ِﻤﺎﹶﺋ ٍﺔ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
 ‫ﺘ ِﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬‫ﻭﺻ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬،‫ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺻﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻲ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﺱ[ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺕ ]ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ‬
 ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺲ ﹶﻓ‬
ٍ ‫ﺣِﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
ٍ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﻨ ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ ِﺑ ِﻤﺎﹶﺋ ٍﺔ‬‫ﻭﺻ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻩ ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟ ِﻤﺎﹶﺋ ﹸﺔ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳِﺒ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪113‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺤﺞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻰ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹸﻄﻮِﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺍِﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﺤ‪‬ﺞ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺞ‪ ‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑﹶﺄﹾﻟ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻲ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻰ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺻﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻰ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻮ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ِﻠ ﹾﻠﺄﹶ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨِﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻰ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺭِﺛ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨِﺒﻲ‪ِ ‬ﺑﹸﺜ ﹸﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻲ‪ِ ‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ ِﻠ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻴ‪ٍ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ِﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Bila Seluruh atau Sebagiannya Batal, Wasiat Kembali kepada Ahli Waris‬‬
‫‪2. Bila Penerima Wasiat Meninggal (Lebih Dahulu Sebelum Pewasiat) atau‬‬
‫‪Menolak Wasiat‬‬
‫‪3. Bila Pewasiat Berwasiat kepada Dua Orang, tetapi Ternyata Salah Seorang‬‬
‫‪di Antaranya Telah Wafat‬‬
‫‪4. Bila Pewasiat Berwasiat kepada Dua Orang, tetapi Salah Seorang di‬‬
‫‪Antaranya Adalah Ahli Waris‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ
إ ﻟ ْﻴ
ﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Penerima Wasiat‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ِﺀ‬
‫ﺻﻰ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ِﻗ ٍﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ٍﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺬ ﹸﻛﻮ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻭﹶﻟﺎ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺠﺎِﻧﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻰ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑ ِﻮﹶﻟﺎ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻃ ﹶﻔﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ِ‬ﺘ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻈ ِﺮ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻃ ﹶﻔﺎِﻟ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳﻮِﻧ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻔ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻆ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻊ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮﺍ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﱡ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪ ‬ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍﺗ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ٍﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹰﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﹾﻓ ِﻊ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮﺍِﻟ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆﻭ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺎﺟ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹸﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹸﻞ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹶﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺎﹶﻟﻰ‪] nÖÕÔÓ ÒÑÐÏÎÍÌ
o :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪[٦ :‬‬

‫ﹶﻏِﻨﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬

‫ﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺫﹶِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳِﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹸﺃﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﺃﻭِ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﻨﻮ ِﻥ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻠﻲ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 114 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

1. Syarat-Syaratnya
2. Hal-Hal yang Boleh Dipercayakan kepadanya
3. Bila Perwalian Anak-Anak Dipercayakan kepadanya
4. Tentang Keuntungan Perniagaan untuknya
5. Tentang Memakan Harta Anak-Anak yang Diwasiatkan kepadanya
6. Dia Tidak Boleh Melimpahkan Amanah Wasiat kepada Orang Lain
7. Dia Tidak Boleh Membeli atau Menjual Harta Anak-Anak yang
Diwasiatkan kepadanya Guna Kepentingan Dirinya
8. Tentang Golongan yang Berhak Menjadi Wali dari Anak Kecil atau
Orang yang Tidak Waras

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
،‫ﻤﺎ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﺡ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻠﺎ‬‫ﻨﺎ[ ﺍﻟﺼ‬‫ﻫ‬ ] ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺘِﺒ‬‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻑ ِﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺼﺮ‬
 ‫ﻴﺎ ِﻥ ِﺑﺎﻟﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ ِﺰ ِﻣ‬‫ﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ ِﻬ‬‫ﻮِﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻭِﻟ‬
،‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹸﺃ ِﻋﻴ‬ ‫ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﺩ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﻧﹶﺜﻰ‬‫ﻭ ﹸﺃ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ‬‫ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛﺮ‬،‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻎ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺲ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻦ ﺁ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ‬
‫ﺒ ﹸﻞ ِﻓﻲ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﻩ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹸﻞ ِﺇ ﹾﻗ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ِﻤ ِﻪ‬
 ‫ﺮ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻨ ﹶﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺤﺎ ِﻛ‬
 ‫ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨ ﹸﻈ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
.‫ﺘﺎ ِﻗ ِﻪ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ِﺇ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﻗ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻖ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻃﻠﱠ‬،‫ﻕ‬
ِ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠ ﹶﻠﺎ‬ ‫ﺹ‬
ِ ‫ﺼﺎ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﺪﻭ ِﺩ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬

1. Ukuran Rusyd Anak Kecil Agar Boleh Memegang Hartanya Sendiri

2. Tentang Penyerahan Harta dan Pemersaksian Penyerahan
3. Tentang Memperlakukan Kembali Hukum Hajr
4. Siapa yang Berhak Meng-hajr?
5. Tentang Iqrâr Orang yang Di-hajr
6. Tentang Talak dan Pembebasan Budak Orang yang Di-hajr
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 115 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﻣﺎ ﹸﺃ ِﺫ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ ﹸﻓ‬‫ﺼﺮ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻨ ﹸﻔ ﹸﺬ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻗ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺅ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺷ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ‬
 ‫ﺭ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﺎ‬
 ‫ﺒ ِﺪ ِﻩ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ِﺫ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ‬
.‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﺄ ﹸﺫﻭﻧ‬ ‫ﻬ ﹶﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻑ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬
 ‫ﺼﺮ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ [‫ﻪ‬ ّ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭِﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩ ]ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺁ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻪ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﻟ‬
1. Bila Budak Diizinkan untuk Berniaga
2. Kadar Wewenang Budak dalam Izin Perniagaan Tersebut

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪116‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺾ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْﻔﺮا
ﺋ
‬
‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Pewarisan‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹲﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﺫﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺣ ٍﻢ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ﹸﺬﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ٍﻡ‪ :‬ﹸﺫﻭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺭ ﹸ‬
‫ﲑﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ِﻠﻠﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪‬ﺘ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪ .‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Tiga Jenis Ahli Waris‬‬
‫‪3. Orang-Orang yang Mewarisi Secara Fardh‬‬
‫‪4. Fardh bagi Suami-Istri‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻡ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹶﺔ ُﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٍﻝ‪ :‬ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﹲﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﹸﺫﻛﹸﻮ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﹲﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳﻦِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫‪1. Tiga Keadaan untuk Fardh Seorang Ayah‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﻆ‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ﱡ‬
‫ﺕ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮﺍِﻟ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ﱡ‬
‫ﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺃﹶ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻝ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺫﻭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤِﺘ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻛﹶﺄ ٍ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﺟﻤِﻴ ِﻊ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎﻝِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻘِﻲ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻘﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﺔِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪117‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺼ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ‬
‫ﺏ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩّ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﺓ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﹾ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹶ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ِﻟﻠﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻓﻲ ﺍ َﻷ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭﻳ‪ِ ‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪ ‬ﻌ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﻭِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺴ‪ ‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺟﺪ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ِﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ٍ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎِﺋ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﺔ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻗﺎ َﺀ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻜ ﹾﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧِﺘ ﹶﻠﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ِ‬
‫ﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺥ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ٍ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻳ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻟﹶﺄ ٍ‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑِﻨﻲ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ِﻓﻲ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻌﻴِﻨﻴ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻳ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺧ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬

‫‪1. Tentang Empat Keadaan Fardh Seorang Kakek‬‬

‫‪2. Tentang Pewarisan Kakek Bersama Saudara Laki-laki Seayah dan Seibu‬‬
‫‪serta Saudara Laki-laki Seayah‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Permasalahan Akdariyyah‬‬
‫`‪4. Tentang Permasalahan Kharqâ‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Permasalahan Mukhtasharah Zaid‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Tis’îniyyah Zaid‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Seorang Kakek yang Meng-hajb Saudara Laki-Laki Seibu dan‬‬
‫‪Anak-Anak Saudara Laki-Laki‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬

‫ﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼﺎﻋِﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﺍِﻟﺎﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٍﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺎ ﹲﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﹲﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﹲﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪118‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬

‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻔﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑﺎﻟﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ] ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ[ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺯ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ﹲﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Empat Keadaan untuk Fardh Seorang Ibu‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ؛ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺓ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﺃﻡ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ :‬ﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬ﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ٍ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺏ ﺃﹶ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺑﹶﺄ ٍ‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﺟﺪ‪ ‬ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪِﻟﻲ ِﺑﹶﺄ ٍ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﻬﺎِﺗ ِﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗ‪‬ﻴﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺙ ِﻟﻠﺜﱠ ﹶﻠﺎ ِ‬
‫ﲑﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ ﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﹶﺃِﺑﻲ ﹸﺃﻣ‪ِ ‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻲ ﹸﺃﻣ‪ِ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃِﺑﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺧﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Fardh Seorang Nenek serta Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪2. Bila Ada Beberapa Orang Nenek‬‬
‫‪3. Pewarisan Seorang Nenek, Sedang Anak Laki-Lakinya Masih Hidup‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Jumlah Nenek yang Bisa Mewarisi‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Ibu Kakek dari Pihak Ibu‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Ibu dari Pihak Kakek ke Atas‬‬
‫‪7. Apabila Ada Dua Nenek dari Pihak Ibu dan Dua Nenek dari Pihak Ayah‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻨ ِﺰﹶﻟِﺘ ِﻬﻦ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﺼﺎ ِﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠﹶﺜﺎ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠِﺒ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠِﺒ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ٍﻦ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﹸﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺼ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﻦ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻘ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 119 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹾﻜ ِﻤ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
 ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺴ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺪ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺣ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻦ‬‫ﺕ ﺍِﻟﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻭِﻟ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
 ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻨ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ ِﻠ ﹾﻠِﺒ‬
.[‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ ] ِﻓﻴ‬‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻌﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ‬
1. Fardh Satu Orang Anak Perempuan
2. Fardh Dua Orang Anak Perempuan atau Lebih
3. Fardh Cucu Perempuan dari Anak Laki-Laki serta Ketentuannya
4. Bila Ada Seorang Anak Perempuan dan Cucu Perempuan

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﺕ‬
ِ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻦ‬‫ﺕ ﺍِﻟﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ ﹶﻛ‬‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ،‫ﺿ ِﻬﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﻓ‬
ِ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ ِﻦ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬
‫ﻀ ﹲﺔ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻓ ِﺮﻳ‬‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ‬
 ‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
ِ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ،‫ﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻌﺼ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫؛ ِﻟ ﹾﻠِﺒ‬n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ِﺀ‬
 ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻀﻲ ِﻓﻴ‬
ِ ‫ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ‬:‫ﺖ‬
ٍ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﹸﺃ‬ ‫ﺑ ٍﻦ‬‫ﺖ ﺍ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭِﺑ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
ٍ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ ِﻓﻲ ِﺑ‬z ‫ﻌﻮ ٍﺩ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻦ‬‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹲﺓ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﺴﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬
.‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﻓ ِﻠ ﹾﻠﹸﺄ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺱ‬
 ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‬‫ﺖ ﺍِﻟﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭِﻟِﺒ‬ ،‫ﻒ‬
 ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬
1. Fardh Seorang Anak Perempuan Seayah dan Seibu (Syaqîq)
2. Bila Ada Saudara Perempuan Syaqîqah dan Saudara Perempuan Seayah
3. Saudara Perempuan Syaqîqah Menjadi Ashabah Bersama Saudara Laki-
Lakinya
4. Saudara Perempuan Syaqîqah Sebagai Ashabah Bersama Anak Perempuan

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ‬‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‬،‫ﺳﺎ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭِﻟ ِﻠﺎﹾﺛ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
 ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ ِﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ‬ ‫ ِﻟ‬،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﹸﺛ‬‫ﻭِﺇ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﹸﺫ ﹸﻛﻮ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬
.‫ﺚ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻛﺎ ُﺀ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ‫ِﻣ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫‪1. Fardh Saudara‬‬ ‫‪Laki-Laki‬‬ ‫‪dan‬‬ ‫‪Saudara‬‬ ‫‪Perempuan‬‬ ‫‪Seibu‬‬ ‫‪serta‬‬

‫‪Ketentuannya‬‬

‫ﺐ‬
‫ب ا ْﻟ ﺤ ْﺠ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Hajb‬‬
‫ﺥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺆﹶﻟﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺑﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ِﺑﹶﺜ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ٍﺔ‪ِ :‬ﺑﺎِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺑِﻨ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﺟﺪ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺑﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ] ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ِ ‬ﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺔ‪ِ :‬ﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧﹶﺜﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﺪ ﺍِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ[‪.‬‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Yang Meng-hajb Saudara Laki-Laki dan Saudara Perempuan Seayah dan‬‬
‫‪Seibu‬‬
‫‪2. Yang Meng-hajb Saudara Laki-Laki dan Saudara Perempuan Seayah‬‬
‫‪3. Yang Meng-hajb Saudara Laki-Laki dan Saudara Perempuan Seibu‬‬
‫‪4. Yang Meng-hajb Kakek‬‬

‫ت‬
‫ﺼﺒﺎ
‬
‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻌ ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Ashabah‬‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫ﲑﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ﱡﻘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺑ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻛ ٍﺮ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪِﻟﻲ ِﺑ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻧﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰﹸﻟﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺑِﻨﻲ ﹶﺃ ٍ‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﹶﺃ ٍ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰﹸﻟﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺼ‪‬ﺒﻮ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺑِﻨﻲ ﹶﺃ ٍ‬

‫ﺥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺭﹸﺛﻮﺍ ‪] nlk j i h
o‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ .[١١ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻛﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺍِﺗ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒِﻨﻲ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑِﻨﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺬ ﹸﻛﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﻘﻮﺍ‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﹶﺃﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺉ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﺑ ِﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹸﻛﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﺫﻭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﺭ ﹶ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪121‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﻭِﺇ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ﹲﺓ ِﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﻭِﺇ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ﹲﺓ ِﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﹶﻓ ِﻠﻠﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻓ ِﻠﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ٍﻞ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ٍﺮ((‪ .‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺍِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺭﻳ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﻟﹾِﺈ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﺓ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
‫ﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠِﺈ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺓ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺥ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻨﹶﺜﻰ ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘِﺒ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ٍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻟ ﹶﻜﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠﹶﺜﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﻜ ﹲﻞ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ِﺑ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﹶﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ِﻩ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﹶﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪ ‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ٍﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺢ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻓﻲ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺣ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧﹶﺜﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﻭِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Ketentuan Tentang Golongan yang Berhak Mewarisi dari Ashabah‬‬
‫‪3. Empat Ashabah Bil Ghair‬‬
‫‪4. Konsekuensi Seorang Ashabah‬‬
‫‪5. Masalah Musyarrakah/Himâriyyah‬‬
‫‪6. Masalah Ummul Furûkh‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Warisan Khuntsâ‬‬

‫ب ذو
ي ا ْﻟ ﺄ ْرﺣﺎ
م‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Dzawil Arhâm‬‬
‫ﺽ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺫﻱ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺫﻱ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺲ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﺑ ٍﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ٍﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻨ ِﺰﹶﻟ ِﺔ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ِﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮﹸﺛﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻨ ِﺰﻳ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ٍ‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺕ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻨ ِﺰﹶﻟ ِﺔ ﹸﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﻬﺎِﺗ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ] ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ[ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﹶﻟﻰ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻮ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺨﺎﹶﻟﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪ِ ‬ﻟﹶﺄ ٍ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﹶﻛﺂ‪‬ﺑﺎِﺋ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ﱡﻘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﹶﻗﺴ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ ِﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ٍﺓ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺙ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺬ ﹸﻛﻮ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﹶﻟﻰ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ٍﺔ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺩ ِﻫﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﹶﻗﺴ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﺧﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶ‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ]ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﻯ[ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ ِﻠﺎ‪‬ﺑﻦِ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺒ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠِﺒ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ِﻟ ِﻠﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪122‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺴ ٍﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠﹶﺜﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺎﹶﻟﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻓﺎﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻗﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﺧﺎﹶﻟﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻗﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺭِﺛ ِﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﻗﺴ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ِﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺫ ِﻭﻱ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻧﺰ‪‬ﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻨﻮ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻣﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ‪‬ﺑﻮ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹲ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Ketentuan Warisannya‬‬
‫‪3. Sisi Pewarisannya‬‬

‫ل ا ْﻟ ﻤﺴﺎ
ﺋ
ﻞ‬
‫ب أﺻﻮ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫)‪Bab Ushûlul Masâ`il (Pokok Perhitungan‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠﹶﺜﺎ ِﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ‪ :‬ﹶﻓﺎﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠﹶﺜﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻒ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹲ‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﱡﺜ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻣ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ٍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ ِﻊ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ‪‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ﹶﻠﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺳﺘ‪ٍ ‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠﹶﺜﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Tujuh Ushûlul Masâ`il‬‬
‫‪2. Empat Ushûlul Masâ`il yang Tidak Menerima ‘Aul‬‬
‫‪3. Tiga Ushûlul Masâ`il yang Menerima ‘Aul‬‬

‫ﺮ
د‬
‫ب اﻟ ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Radd‬‬
‫ﺿ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻞ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻣ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻞ ِﺳﺘ‪ٍ ‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺩ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻣ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟِﺘ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪123‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺝ ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺴ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺲ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﺬ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺤ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Tiada Radd terhadap Suami-Istri‬‬
‫‪3. Ketentuan dalam Menghitung Pembagian Secara Radd‬‬

‫ﺼﺤ
ﻴ
ﺢ ا ْﻟ ﻤﺴﺎ
ﺋ
ﻞ‬

‫ب ﺗ ْ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Tashhîhul Masâ`il (Penyelarasan Pokok‬‬
‫)‪Perhitungan‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟِﺘ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻮ‪‬ﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺻ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻓﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ِﺮﻳ ٍﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺠ ِﻤﻴ ِﻌ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻓ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﺼِ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻧﻘﱢ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﺳ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻙ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤﺎِﺛ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻙ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ِﺮﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺮ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﱠ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ٍ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮﻭ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺩ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬‬
‫ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Tashhîhul Masâ`il Bila Terjadi Pecahan pada Bagian Salah Satu Golongan‬‬
‫‪2. Tashhîhul Masâ`il Bila Terjadi Pecahan pada Bagian Dua Golongan atau‬‬
‫‪Lebih‬‬
‫‪3. Mumâtsalah‬‬
‫‪4. Munâsabah/Mudâkhalah‬‬
‫‪5. Mubâyanah‬‬
‫‪6. Muwâfaqah‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪124‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ت‬
‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻤﻨﺎ ﺳﺨﺎ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Munâsakhât‬‬
‫ﲑﺍِﺛ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ‬
‫ﺐ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮﹸﺛﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘﺴ‪ ‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ِﺮ ﹶﻛ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺴ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪ ‬‬
‫ﲑﺍﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ِ ‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻗﺴ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِﻥ ِﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮﻭﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ]ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺎِﺋ ِﻞ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺗ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮﻭ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﻓﻲ ِﺳ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪ِ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Munâsakhah pada Keadaan Para Pewaris Mayit Kedua Adalah Para‬‬
‫‪Pewaris Mayit Pertama‬‬
‫‪3. Munâsakhah pada Keadaan Para Pewaris Mayit Kedua Berbeda dengan‬‬
‫‪Para Pewaris Mayit Pertama‬‬

‫ث‬
‫ب ﻣﻮا
ﻧ
ﻊ ا ْﻟﻤ
ﻴﺮا
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Penghalang-Penghalang Pewarisan‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ﹲﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ِﻣﻠﱠ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ِﻣﻠﱠ ٍﺔ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﻯ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ؛ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺧِﺘ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ِﻣﻠﱠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺷﺘ‪‬ﻰ((‪ .‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ((‪ .‬ﻭِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ ‪)) :n‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺭ ﹶ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮّﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺭ ﹶ‬
‫ﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪ِ ‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺼﺎﺻ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪّﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ‬

‫ﺤﻖ‪ ‬ﹶﻛﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻞ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﺎِﺗ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘﻮ ﹶﻝ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﺩ ﹸﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻏ ‪‬ﻲ ] ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ[ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻣﲑ‪‬ﺍﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Penyebutan Tiga Penghalang Pewarisan Secara Global‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Penghalang Karena Perbedaan Agama‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Kafir Murtad‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Penghalang Karena Perbudakan‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Pewarisan Budak Mukâfah‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Penghalang Karena Pembunuhan dan Rinciannya‬‬

‫ب ﻣﺴﺎ
ﺋ
ﻞ ﺷ ﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Aneka Ragam Masalah‬‬
‫ﺙ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧﹶﺜ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻴﻦِ‪،‬‬
‫ﲑﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﲑﺍﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ]ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ[ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﻞ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹸﻛﻞﱠ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻔ ﹸﻘﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻄﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱠ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺭ ٍ‬
‫ﲔ ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺣﺎﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺃﹶ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ِﻠ ﹶﻜ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺳِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺭ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺴ‪ ‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫ﲑﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ِﺪ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻧ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ] ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ[ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠﺎﻗﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘّ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻌﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺓ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ًﺀ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺖ ِﻓﻲ ِﻋﺪ‪ِ‬ﺗ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺍﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹾ‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻐﲑ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺸﺎ ِﺭ ٍﻙ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫] ِﻓﻲ[ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﲑﺍِﺛ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻘﺮ‪ ‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ‪‬ﺭﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ِ] ‬ﺑ ِﻪ[ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬

‫‪1. Warisan Anak yang Masih Berada dalam Perut Ibu‬‬

‫‪2. Beberapa Hukum Tentang Mafqûd ‘Orang yang Keberadaannya Tidak‬‬
‫’‪Diketahui‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Perempuan yang Ditalak Agar Tidak Mendapat Warisan‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪126‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫‪4. Tentang Warisan Perempuan yang Ditalak Raj’iy‬‬

‫‪5. Tentang Mengakui Sebagian Orang Sebagai Ahli Waris‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻮﻟﺎ
ء‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫`‪Bab Walâ‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ِ)) :n‬ﺇﻧ‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ُﺀ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ((‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫ﻒ ِﺩﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ُﺀ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘﻴ ﹶﻠﺎ ٍﺀ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ُﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺩ ِﻩ ] ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ٍ ‬ﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ِﻘﻴ ِﻪ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺣ ٍﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪِﺑ ٍ‬
‫ﲑﺍِﺛ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﺒﻪ‪ ‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ِﻘﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺩ ِﻩ[ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺩ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ِﻘﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹸﻠﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺪ ِﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻋﻨ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻲ‪ ‬ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ِﻣ ِﺮ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘ ﹾﻞ‪ :‬ﻋﻨ‪‬ﻲ‪ .‬ﹶﻓﺎﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ُﺀ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ِﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪ِ ‬ﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺮ ِﻩ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ُﺀ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ِﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣﻲ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺮ ِﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﻴ‪ٍ ‬‬
‫ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ُﺀ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ِﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺮ ِﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻞ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﺪ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ‪‬ﺗِﺒ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺮ‪ ‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺴﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﺭ ِﻗﻴ ﹶﻘ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪ِ‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺭﻗﱢ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ُﺀ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮﺍِﻟﻲ ﹸﺃﻣ‪ِ ‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﹾ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺟﺮ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ٍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ﹶﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺩ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﺩ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ُﺀ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺗِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘﻰ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ‬

‫ﲑﺍﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺩ ِﻩ‪h
o‬‬

‫ﺏ ﹶﻓ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﺈِ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮﺍِﻟﻲ ﹸﺃﻣ‪ِ ‬ﻪ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ﺙ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‬

‫ﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﻮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺬ ﹸﻛﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﲑﺍﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟﻠ ﱡﺬ ﹸﻛﻮ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋِﺘﻴ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ،nlkji‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺍﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻧﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋِﺘﻴ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃِﺑﻴ ِﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺴ‪ ‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌِﺘﻴ ِﻖ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺭ ﹶ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺬ ﹸﻛﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﲑﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧﻮﺍ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧﹶﺜ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ِﻖ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻗﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ِﻖ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﹶﺃﹾﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ِ ‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ِﻖ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 127 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﺧ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻮﹰﻟﻰ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﺂ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻌِﺘ ِﻘ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ َﺀ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻌِﺘ ِﻘ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺮﻯ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ ﺍ‬‫ﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬
.‫ﺧ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻮﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﻵ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺳ ﹾﻠﺎ ِﻡ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺍ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺮِﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
1. Ketentuan walâ` bagi Orang yang Membebaskan, Walaupun Berbeda
Agama
2. Bentuk-Bentuk Pembebasan
3. Cakupan Walâ`
4. Hak Warisan Karena Walâ`
5. Tentang Seorang Suami yang Membebaskan Budaknya untuk Orang Lain
6. Jika Salah Seorang Suami/Istri Menjadi Bebas (yang Asalnya Merupakan
Orang Bebas), Tiada Walâ` untuk Anaknya
7. Bila salah Seorang Suami/Istri Adalah Budak
8. Apabila Tuan dari Seorang Budak Perempuan (yang Menikah dengan
Laki-Laki Bebas) Membebaskan Anak-Anak Budak Perempuan Tersebut
9. Kedudukan Anak-Anak dari Budak Perempuan Bila Ibu Mereka
Dibebaskan
10. Apabila Suami dari Budak Perempuan Tersebut Dibebaskan oleh
Tuannya, Walâ` Anak-Anaknya Ikut kepada Siapa?
11. Jika Salah Seorang Anak (dari Budak yang Dibebaskan) Membebaskan
Ayahnya
12. Bila Seseorang Membebaskan Budak, Lalu Orang Tersebut Meninggal,
Warisan Budak Itu Bila Meninggal Adalah Milik Anak Laki-Laki Orang
Tersebut
13. Tentang Kondisi di Atas, Jika Anak-Anak Laki-Laki Tersebut Meninggal,
Sedang Hanya Ada Anak-Anak Perempuan
14. Bila Seorang Anak Budak Perempuan Membebaskan Seorang Budak, Lalu
Si Budak Membebaskan Ayah dari Orang yang Membebaskannya
15. Jika Seorang Kafir Harby Membebaskan Seorang Budak, Lalu Si Budak
Menawan Orang Kafir Tersebut ke Negeri Islam Kemudian
Membebaskan Orang Kafir Itu
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪128‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ث ﺑ
ﺎ ْﻟ ﻮﻟﺎ
ء‬
‫ب ا ْﻟﻤ
ﻴﺮا
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫`‪Bab Pewarisan Karena Walâ‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ُﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ِﺀ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ِﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻧ‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ُﺀ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸ‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺑِﻨ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ُﺀ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ِﻜ‪‬ﺒ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺫِﻱ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋِﺘﻴ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺎﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ِﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ٍﻦ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋِﺘﻴ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺩ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻟﺎ‪‬ﺑِﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ِ‬
‫‪1. Walâ` Tidak Diwariskan‬‬
‫‪2. Cakupan Walâ` untuk Perempuan yang Membebaskan Budak‬‬
‫‪3. Cakupan Walâ` untuk Para Pemilik Fardh‬‬
‫‪4. Walâ` bagi Ashabah yang Terdekat dari Orang yang Membebaskan‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ
ﻌ ْﺘ
ﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫’‪Bab ‘Itq ‘Pembebasan Budak‬‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮﻳ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻖ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ ‪‬ﳛ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ﹾﻔ ﹸ‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﺄﹶﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ِﻌ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻖ ِﻛ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪‬ﻳ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑِ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻅ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻮ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻰ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻰ ِﺑ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ٍ ‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﺀًﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺣ ٍﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ] ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ[ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻯ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺷ ِﺮﻳ ِﻜ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻗﻮ‪ ‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺼﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ٍﻙ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣﻮ ِﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑ ِﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ )) :n‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻛﹰﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺣﺼ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺷ ِﺮﻳ ِﻜ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺼﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻠ ﹸﻎ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﹸﻗﻮ‪ ‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ٍﻝ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄﻰ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ‬
‫ﲑﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﺀًﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺫﻱ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺣ ٍﻢ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﻗﻴ ِﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣﻮ ِﺳﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ((‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪129‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪‘Itq Berdasarkan Ucapan‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪‘Itq Berdasarkan Perbuatan‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪‘Itq Berdasarkan Tab’îdh dari Budak Milik Sendiri atau yang‬‬
‫‪Kepemilikannya Berserikat‬‬
‫‪5. Bila Seseorang Memiliki Sebagian Budak yang Punya Hubungan Rahim‬‬
‫‪dengannya‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻚ[ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ؛ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺟﺎ َﺀ ] ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ِﻋ ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ِ ‬ﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ِﻩ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻰ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺇ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ ِﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻌ ِﻠﻴ ِﻖ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﻼ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ِﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Beberapa Pembahasan Tentang Budak yang Pembebasannya Digantung‬‬
‫‪dengan Suatu Sifat atau Syarat‬‬

‫ﺮ‬
‫ب اﻟ ﺘ ْﺪﺑ
ﻴ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Tadbîr‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ِﻩ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺑ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺑ‪ ‬ﺮ‪ .‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ .‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮِﺗﻲ‪ .‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩﺑ‪ ‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ِﻩ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ِﺭ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﻁ ُﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ِﻩ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪ ‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾ‬
‫ﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﲑ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﺎ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺑ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﺎﺗ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻪ‪ ‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ] ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ[ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑِﺘ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﺍِﺋ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﱡﺜﻠﹸ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺑ‪ِ ‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃﺩ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻘ ‪‬ﻲ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺑ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﻂ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴِﺒ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﲑ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺑ‪ ‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﺎ ِﻓ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﺪﻩِ ِﺣﻴ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 130 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻮ ِﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺒ ٍﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺮﻛﹰﺎ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺷ‬ ‫ﺩﺑ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻋِﺘ ﹶﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘِﺘ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟِﺒ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹸﺃ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﹶﻛ‬
.‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺟ ِﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑﺎ ِﻗ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻤ ﹸﻞ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﹸﺛ ﹸﻠﹸﺜ‬ ‫ﻮِﺗ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺽ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺳ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﻌِﺘ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Tentang Keterkaitan Kebebasan Mudabbar dengan Sepertiga Harta
Tuannya
3. Tentang Menjual, Menghibahkan, dan Mengganti Budak Mudabbar
4. Hukum Tentang Anak yang Terlahir dari Budak Mudabbar, Mukâtab, dan
Ummu Walad dari Selain Tuannya
5. Pembolehan menjadikan Budak Mudabbar Sebagai Mukâtab dan
Sebaliknya
6. Bila Meninggal, Tuan Budak Mudabbar yang Melakukan Mukâtabah
7. Jika Budak Mudabbarah Menjadi Ummu Walad bagi Tuannya
8. Kalau Budak Mudabbar dan Ummu Walad Milik Seorang Kafir Memeluk
Islam
9. Bila Seseorang Men-tadbîr Bagiannya dari Budak yang Kepemilikannya
Berserikat
10. Jika Orang Sakit yang Mendekati Ajal Membebaskan Bagiannya dari
Budak yang Kepemilikannya Berserikat

‫ﺐ‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻤﻜﺎ ﺗ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Mukâtab
‫ ِﺪ ِﻩ‬‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻕ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺼ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﺍ‬ ،‫ِﺘ ِﻪ‬‫ﻤﺎ ٍﻝ ِﻓﻲ ِﺫﻣ‬ ‫ ِﺪ ِﻩ ِﺑ‬‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ ُﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹸﺔ ِﺷ‬‫ﺘﺎ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜ‬

i h g f e d c b a `
o :‫ﻌﺎﹶﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﷲ‬

ِ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍ‬

‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﻊ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺐ‬  ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﻳ ﹶﺔ‬‫[ ﺍﻵ‬٣٣ :‫ ]ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‬nkj
 ‫ﺎ ﹸﻛِﺘ‬‫ﻌ ﹶﻄﻰ ِﻣﻤ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﻰ ﹶﺃﺩ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻨﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﹸﻝ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺠ‬

 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻤ ﹶﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ .‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ :z ‫ﻋ ِﻠﻲ‬ ‫ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬.[٣٣ :‫ ]ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‬nrqponml
o:‫ﻌﺎﹶﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ِ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺝ‬
 ‫ﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
 ‫ﺒﺮ‬‫ﻪ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹸﺔ‬
 ‫ﺼ ﹶﻠ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ َﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻤ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ّ‫ﻧ‬‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺩ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻘ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪131‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺴﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ِﻩ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪‬ﻱ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫ ِﻥ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺴﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ِﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺠ‪ ‬ﹶﻞ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟﺎِﻧ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ُﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺎ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﺘِ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ِﺭ‪‬ﻳِﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾ‬
‫ﺾ ِﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑِﺘ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﺍِﺋ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﹶﻟ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃﺩ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺑ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﺎ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ ﹲﺔ ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﺔ ‪x‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ‪‬ﻋﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﺎ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴﻜﹸﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ]ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ[ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮﻳ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﻘﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑِﺘ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩّﻯ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ،n‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍِ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‪ِ ‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ُﺀ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻞ ] ِﺷ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ُﺀ[ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻬ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ ‬ﹸﻝ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﺎ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِﻥ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴ‪ ‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆﺩ‪‬ﻱ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﺎِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻴ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ِﻩ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆﺩ‪ِ ‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣﻞﱠ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺲ ِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﺎِﺗِﺒ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺯ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﺍِﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺳِﺘﻴ ﹶﻠﺎ ِﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺪِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪‬ﻳِﺘ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺑ ِﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤﻴِﻨ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Hukum Bila Budak Meminta Kitâbah‬‬
‫‪3. Cara Pembayaran Kitâbah‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Syariat Pengguguran Seperempat dari Kitâbah‬‬
‫‪5. Beberapa Konsekuensi dengan Keberadaan Kitâbah‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Menjual Budak Mukâtab‬‬
‫‪7. Bila Salah Seorang di Antara Dua Budak Mukâtab Membeli Selainnya‬‬
‫‪8. Jika Budak Mukâtab Meninggal Lebih Dahulu daripada Tuannya‬‬
‫‪9. Kalau Sang Tuan Meninggal Lebih Dahulu daripada Budak Mukâtab-nya‬‬
‫‪10. Kitâbah adalah Akad yang Bersifat Luzûm‬‬
‫‪11. Pembolehan Memperketat Penagihan Angsuran Budak Mukâtab yang‬‬
‫‪Telah Jatuh Tempo‬‬
‫‪12. Bila Budak Mukâtab Melakukan Jinayah‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 132 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

13. Jika Terjadi Perselisihan Antara Budak Mukâtab dan Tuannya, Ucapan
Siapa yang Didahulukan?

‫ت ا ْﻟ ﺄ ْوﻟﺎ
د‬

‫ب أ ْﺣﻜﺎ
م أ ﻣﻬﺎ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Hukum-Hukum Ummu Walad
‫ﻚ ﹸﺃﻡ‬
 ‫ﻪ[ ِﺑ ﹶﺬِﻟ‬ ‫ﺕ ]ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬
 ‫ﺴﺎ ِﻥ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺧ ﹾﻠ ِﻖ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻲ ٌﺀ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻦ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ ِﺪ‬‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹸﺔ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻚ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ ِﻣ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹾﻃِﺌ‬ ‫ﺣﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ِﺀ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹶﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹶﻜﺎ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻴّﺎ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﻏ‬
 ‫ﻤ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﻮِﺗ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻖ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻌِﺘ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ ٍﺪ‬
،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﻓﻴ‬
 ‫ﻨ ﹸﻘ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎِﺋ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳﺠ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻧ‬،‫ﺣ ﹶﻜﺎ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴِﺒ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ ِﻓ ِﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﻌِﺘ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﻗﻴ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﻄﹰﺄ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻭﹾﺇ ِﻥ ﹶﻗ‬ ،‫ﺹ‬
 ‫ﺼﺎ‬
 ‫ﻬﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻠ‬‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗﺘ‬،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ ﹸﺔ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺻﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬
.‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺠِﻨ‬
 ‫ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺣﺎ ِﻣ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﺡ ﺛﹸﻢ‬
ٍ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ِﺑِﻨ ﹶﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻃ ﹶﺊ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
1. Definisi Ummu Walad
2. Keharusan Pembebasan Ummu Walad Bila Tuannya Meninggal
3. Beberapa Hukum Ummu Walad bagi Tuannya yang Masih Hidup
4. Bila Ummu Walad Membunuh Tuannya
5. Jika Seseorang Menikahi Budak Perempuan Milik Orang Lain, Lalu
Budak Tersebut Dia Miliki dalam Keadaan Hamil, Janin Tersebut
Dihukumi Sebagai Orang Bebas dan Boleh Menjual Budak Tersebut

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪133‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ح‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟ
ﻨﻜﺎ
‬
‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Nikah‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﱢﻲ ] ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ[ ِﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ‬
‫ﺝ؛ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻏﺾ‪ِ ‬ﻟ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻄﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺒﺎ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹾﺜ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻈ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ٍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺒﺘ‪ ‬ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑﺎﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻮ ِﻡ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ٌﺀ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻔ ﹸ‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺨ ﹸﻄ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺧ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﺔ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ٍﺓ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ] ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﺎ[ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹰﺓ؛ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﻔﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒ ِﺔ‬
‫ﺾ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻌ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﺪ‪ٍ ‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ِﺧ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ِﺧﻴ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺡ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ‪‬ﳚﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﺎ ِﻓﻲ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎِﺋ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺧﺎﺻ‪ ‬ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔﻮ‪ِ‬ﺗﻴِﻨﻲ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ .‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻧﺎِﺋِﺒ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻗِﺒ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ .‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﻮ ٍﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻚ‪ .‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯﻭ‪ ‬ﺟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮِﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻧﺎِﺋِﺒ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪ ‬ﺪ ِﻓﻲ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ٍﺩ ‪ ،z‬ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪َ :‬ﻋﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻄﺒ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹸﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪‬ﹶﺌﺎ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ِﺭ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ﹸﺫ ِﺑﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ ِﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻌﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ِﺔ‪ِ)) :‬ﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻠ ﹾﻞ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ِﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻞﱠ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺎِﻟ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺪ ﺍ ُ‬

‫ﺕ‪] n Z Y X W
o :‬ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ [١٠٢ :‬ﺍﻵ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ‪ W V U T S
o ،‬‬

‫ﺙ ﺁ‪‬ﻳﺎ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹸﺃ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶ‬

‫‪] nYX‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ [١ :‬ﺍﻵ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ‪] n¡~}|{zyx
o ،‬ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪[٧١ - ٧٠ :‬‬

‫ﺴﺎ ِﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑﺎﻟﺪ‪‬ﻑ‪ِ ‬ﻟﻠﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻜﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Kesunnahan Nikah‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Syariat Nazhar‬‬
‫‪4. Larangan terhadap Khitbah di Atas Khitbah Orang Lain‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Khitbah di Atas Khitbah Orang yang Masih Menunggu Jawaban‬‬
‫‪6. Larangan terhadap Tashrîh ‘Terang-Terangan’ Mengkhitbah Perempuan‬‬
‫‪yang Berada dalam Masa Iddah‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 134 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

7. Kebolehan Ta’rîdh ‘Singgungan Halus’ terhadap Perempaun yang Telah

Ditalak Bain Serta Kaifiyahnya
8. Keabsahan Nikah Berdasarkan Ijab dan Qabul Serta Kaifiyah Ijab dan
Qabul
9. Kesunnahan Khutbah Nikah
10. Kesunnahan untuk Mengumumkan Nikah dan Menabuh Rebana bagi
Perempuan

‫ح‬

‫ب وﻟﺎ ﻳ
ﺔ اﻟ
ﻨﻜﺎ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Pewalian Nikah
،‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﺎ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‬‫ ﹶﺃ‬‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‬‫ ِﺓ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﺞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺰ ِﻭﻳ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺱ ِﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﹶﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ .‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﻦ ِﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻮِﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺡ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ‬
 ‫ﹶﻟﺎ ِﻧ ﹶﻜﺎ‬
،‫ﺒﺎِﺗ ِﻪ‬‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺏ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ‬‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻌِﺘ ﹸﻘ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎِﺗ‬‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺏ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ‬‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﺰ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ ﺍ‬‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ ﺍ‬‫ﹸﺛﻢ‬
.‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹶﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻘﻮ‬ ‫ﺆﹶﻟﺎ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻛﻴ ﹸﻞ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻄﺎ ﹸﻥ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺴ‬‫ﹸﺛﻢ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺨﺎِﻟﻔﹰﺎ ِﻟ ِﺪﻳِﻨ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹾﻘ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺯﺍِﺋ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺻِﺒﻴ‬
 ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ ِﺩ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺞ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺰ ِﻭﻳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺳ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻄﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻢ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬،‫ﻒ ِﻟ ِﺪﻳِﻨ ِﻪ‬
ٍ ‫ﺨﺎِﻟ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣ ٍﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﺔ ِﻟﹶﺄ‬‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﺪ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹰﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻏ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﻏﺎِﺋﺒ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻼ ﹶﻟ‬
‫ﺿﹰ‬ِ ‫ﻋﺎ‬
.‫ﺮﹶﺃ ٍﺓ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
1. Tiada Nikah Tanpa Wali
2. Keharusan Dua Saksi
3. Urutan Wali yang Paling Berhak Menikahkan
4. Kewalian oleh Sulthân ‘Pemerintah’
5. Pewakilan dalam Nikah
6. Wali Jauh Tidak Boleh Menikahkan Saat Wali Dekat Masih Ada, Kecuali
pada Beberapa Keadaan
7. Rincian Tentang Pewalian untuk Orang yang Berbeda Agama
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 135 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﺳِﺘ ﹾﺌ ﹶﺬﺍ ﹸﻥ‬ ‫ ﺍ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﺇ ﹾﺫِﻧ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻜﺎ ِﺭ ِﺑ‬‫ﻨﺎِﺗ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺎِﺛ ِﻬ‬‫ﻭِﺇ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻐﺎ ِﺭ ﹸﺫ ﹸﻛﻮ ِﺭ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﺩ ِﻩ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺞ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺰ ِﻭﻳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠﹶﺄ‬
‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
ٍ ‫ﺻ ِﻐ‬
 ‫ﺞ‬
 ‫ﺰ ِﻭﻳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ِﺀ‬‫ﻭِﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬
 ‫ﺲ ِﻟ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺐ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫِﻧ ِﻬ‬
ِ ‫ﻨﺎِﺗ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﱡﺜﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑِﻨﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺒﺎِﻟ ِﻎ ِﻣ‬‫ﺞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺰ ِﻭﻳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ .‫ﻐ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎِﻟ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
:n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬
 ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﺫ ﹸﻥ ﺍﹾﻟِﺒ ﹾﻜ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ،‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻠﹶﺎﻡ‬
ِ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﺫ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻴ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِِﻟِﺈ ﹾﺫِﻧ‬،‫ﲑ ٍﺓ‬
 ‫ﺞ ﹶﻛِﺒ‬
 ‫ﺰ ِﻭﻳ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ﲑ ٍﺓ‬
 ‫ﺻ ِﻐ‬

.((‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﺫ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹾﺄ ﹶﺫ ﹸﻥ ِﻓﻲ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟِﺒ ﹾﻜ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭِﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ ﹾﻔ‬‫ ِﺑ‬‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫))ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻳ‬
‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ،‫ ٍﺓ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﺍ ِﻟ‬‫ﺪ ﹸﻛ ﹸﻔﺆ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﺾ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹶﻔﺎ ُﺀ‬
ٍ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻢ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ﹸﻛ ﹾﻔِﺌ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﳚ‬ ‫ﺰ ِﻭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ٍﺓ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ﺍ‬‫ﻮِﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺲ ِﻟ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬
.‫ﻌ ِﻔﻴ ﹶﻔ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻟ‬‫ﺮ ﹸﻛ ﹸﻔﺆ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺎ ِﺟ‬
‫ﲑ‬
 ‫ ِﻐ‬‫ﻩ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺝ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺯﻭ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ .‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻪ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫِﻧ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻭِﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺢ ﺍ‬
 ‫ﻨ ِﻜ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ ﹶﺛ‬،‫ﻳ ِﻦ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ ِﺑ‬.‫ﻚ‬
ِ ‫ﺪﺍ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﻚ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﻋ‬
 ‫ﻌ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘ ﹾﻘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬:‫ﻣِﺘ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ِﻟﹶﺄ‬ ،‫ﻌ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻓ ِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﱠﻰ ﹶﻃ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺯ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬
.‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺪﺍ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ ﹶﺔ‬‫ﺻ ِﻔﻴ‬
 ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺡ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻜﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬
1. Tentang Seorang Ayah Menikahkan Anak Kecil Tanpa Seizin Anak
Tersebut
2. Tentang Kesunnahan Seorang Ayah Meminta Izin untuk Menikahkan
Anak Gadisnya yang Telah Dewasa
3. Kewajiban Izin terhadap Wali yang Bukan Ayah
4. Bagaimana Izin Seorang Janda dan Anak Gadis?
5. Tentang Kafâ’ah dalam Nikah
6. Beberapa Bentuk Kafâ’ah
7. Bolehkah Seseorang Menikahi Perempuan, Padahal Dia Adalah Wali
Perempuan Tersebut?
8. Jika Seseorang Menikahkan Budak Laki-Laki dan Budak Perempuannya
9. Tentang Menjadikan Pembebasan Sebagai mahar
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪136‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮﻟﱢ‪‬ﻴِﺘ ِﻪ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫ ِﻥ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪ ‬ﺪِﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬
‫ﺞ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﺋ ِﻪ ﹸﻛﻠﱢ ِﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋِﺒﻴ ِﺪ ِﻩ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻐﺎ ِﺭ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﺇ ﹾﺫِﻧ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰ ِﻭﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﻟﻠﺴ‪‬ﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰ ِﻭﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﺇ ﹾﺫ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮﺍِﻟﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ِﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺡ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﺃﻳ‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬‬
‫ﲑ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻜﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜِﺒ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﹲﺓ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻋ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪‬ﻳِﺘ ِﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ِﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴ‪ ‬ﺪ ِﺑﹶﺄ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ِﺪﻳ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﺧﻮ ِﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻜﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣﻤ‪ ‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻧ ﹶﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣِﻤ‪ ‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑ ِﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻏ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏﺮ‪ ‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Hak Tuan Budak untuk Menikahkan Seluruh Budak Perempuannya dan‬‬
‫‪Budak Laki-Laki yang Masih Kecil‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Menikahi Budak Milik Anak Perempuan‬‬
‫‪3. Ketidakbolehan untuk Memaksa Budak Laki-Laki Dewasa untuk‬‬
‫‪Menikah‬‬
‫‪4. Kewajiban bagi Budak untuk Menikah dengan Seizin Tuannya‬‬
‫‪5. Bila Budak yang Menikah Tanpa Seizin Tuannya Telah Men-dukhûl‬‬
‫‪6. Beberapa Hukum Tentang Menikahi Perempuan Bebas yang Disangka‬‬
‫‪Sebagai Budak‬‬

‫ح‬
‫ت ﻓ
ﻲ اﻟ
ﻨﻜﺎ
‬
‫ﺮﻣﺎ
‬
‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻤ ﺤ ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Perempuan yang Haram Dinikahi‬‬
‫ﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺨﺎﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺓ‪ ] ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻣ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﺑﹸﺄﻣ‪ ‬ﻬﺎِﺗ ِﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠﺎِﺋ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹸﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠﺎِﺋ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺕ ] ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺨﺎﹶﻟﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍِﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠﺎِﺋ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ‪‬ﺑﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﺀ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹸﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 137 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

1. Definisinya
2. Rincian Mahram dari Sisi Nasab
3. Rincian Mahram dari Sisi Persusuan
4. Tentang Anak Perempuan dan Ibu dari Mahram yang Telah Disebutkan

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ))ﹶﻟﺎ‬:n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﹶﻟِﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِﺘ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﹾ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺒ ِﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬ ،‫ﻮ ٍﺓ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺑ ِﻊ ِﻧ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﺯ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ .((‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﹶﻟِﺘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِﺘ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻳ ِﻦ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻲ‬ ،[‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﺪ ]ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹾﻘ ٍﺪ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻊ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﺛ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬
.‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ ِﻣ‬‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﹶﻟ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﺧ ﹾﻞ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﻭِﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺎ ﹸﺃﻣ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‬ ،‫ﺪ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ِﺣ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺎ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ ﺍ‬،‫ﺘﺎ ِﻥ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹸﺃ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﻓ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬
‫ﺑ ِﻊ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‬ ،‫ ﹾﺄِﺑﻴ ِﺪ‬‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺘﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﻧ ﹶﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﻞ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ِﻧ ﹶﻜﺎ‬
‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ‬ ،‫ﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁ ِﺧ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ﹶﻝ‬‫ ﹶﺃﻭ‬‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎِﺋ‬ ‫ﻕ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ ٍﺓ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ِﻧ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ِﺗ‬‫ﺴ ﹰﺔ ِﻓﻲ ِﻋﺪ‬
 ‫ﺧﺎ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺧﺎﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺢ ﹸﺃ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹶﻜ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻖ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻃﻠﱠ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﺛ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
.‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎِﺋﻨ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺟ ِﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻕ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ﹶﻠﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬
1. Keharaman untuk Menikahi Dua Perempuan yang Bersaudara Serta
Menikahi Seorang Perempuan dan Bibinya
2. Kebolehan untuk Menikahi Empat Perempuan bagi Lelaki Bebas
3. Kebolehan untuk Menikahi Dua Perempuan bagi Lelaki Budak
4. Tentang Ketidaksahan untuk Menggabungkan Pernikahan Perempuan-
Perempuan yang Tidak Boleh Dinikahi Secara Bersama dalam Satu Atau
Dua Akad
5. Bila Memeluk Islam, Seorang Kafir yang Beristrikan Dua Perempuan
yang Bersaudara
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 138 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

6. Jika Memeluk Islam, Seorang Kafir yang Beristrikan Seorang Perempuan

dan Ibu dari Perempuan Tersebut
7. Kalau Memeluk Islam, Seorang Kafir yang Beristrikan Lebih dari Empat
Perempuan
8. Bila Memeluk Islam, Seorang Budak Kafir yang Beristrikan Lebih dari
Dua Perempuan
9. Tentang Menikahi Saudara Perempuan dari Istri yang Telah Ditalak atau
yang Masih Berada dalam Masa Iddah, atau Menikahi Perempuan Kelima,
Sedangkan Salah Seorang di Antara Keempat Istri Masih Berada dalam
Masa Iddah

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﻮ ﹸﻃﻮ َﺀ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹸﺃ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻃﹶﺌ‬ ‫ﺘﻰ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻁ ُﺀ ِﺇ‬
‫ﻭ ﹾ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹸﺃ‬
 ‫ﻤ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺯ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻞﱠ ﹶﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻭﹶﻟﻰ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ِﻣ ﹾﻠ ِﻜ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹶﺔ ﹸﺛﻢ‬‫ﻭ ِﻃ ﹶﺊ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ‬،‫ﺣﺎ ِﻣ ٍﻞ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻦ ِﻣ ﹾﻠ ِﻜ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺝ‬
ٍ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺇ‬ ‫ﺞ ﹶﺃ‬
ٍ ‫ﺰ ِﻭﻳ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ِﺑ‬
.‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺧِﺘ‬ ‫ﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ﹶﻛﹸﺄ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﹶ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣ ِﺔ‬ ‫ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬
1. Kebolehan untuk Sekadar Memiliki Dua Budak Perempuan yang
Bersaudara
2. Beberapa Hukum Bila Terjadi Hubungan dengan Salah Seorang di Antara
Kedua Budak Tersebut
3. Persamaan Hukum Tersebut terhadap Kepemilikan Seorang Budak
Perempuan dan Bibinya

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﻃ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟﺎ‬،‫ﻤ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﺡ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ ِﻧ ﹶﻜﺎ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ،‫ﺮ ٍﺓ‬ ‫ﻣ ٍﺔ ﹶﻛﺎ ِﻓ‬ ‫ﺡ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺍ ِﻧ ﹶﻜﺎ‬‫ﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻢ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺲ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬
.‫ﻴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻃﺎ ِﻥ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋ‬ ‫ﺑ ٍﻊ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺸ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺡ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻪ ِﻧ ﹶﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ .‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺨﺎ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ﹶﺛ‬ ‫ ٍﺓ‬‫ﺣﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 139 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

1. Ketidakbolehan bagi Budak Laki-Laki Muslim untuk Menikahi Budak

Perempuan Kafir
2. Syarat bagi Seorang Lelaki Muslim Bebas untuk Menikahi Budak
Perempuan Muslimah Serta Pembolehan untuk Menikahi Empat Budak
Perempuan

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪140‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ع‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺮﺿﺎ
‬
‫
‬
‫’‪Kitab Radhâ’ ‘Persusuan‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ِﻃ ﹾﻔ ﹰ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ِﱘ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻃ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ؛ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﺑِﻨ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻃِﺌ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﻟﻠﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ ﹶﺛﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‪‬ﺒ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ِﺑﺎ ‪‬ﺭِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺐ((‪ .‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮﻭﻁٍ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﹶﺛ ٍﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻮﺭ ٍﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺛﻴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻓﻲ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴﺎِﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮِﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪ِ ‬ﻬﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ٍﺓ‪ِ ،‬ﺑ ﹾﻜﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﻜ ِﻞ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻨﹶﺜﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ َﺀ‬
‫ﺿﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔ ﹶﻄﺎ ِﻡ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﺔ‪ :‬ﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِﺰ ﹶﻝ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺁ ِﻥ ) ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻋﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ(‪ .‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﻓﱢ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺲ ﺭ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺇﹶﻟﻰ ) ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻼ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ِﻃ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺑ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒِﻨ ِﻪ ِﻃ ﹾﻔ ﹰ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ٍﻞ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺑ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒِﻨ ِﻪ ِﻃ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎ ﹶ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱢ ﹶﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ ِﻧ ﹶﻜﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣﻪ‪ِ ‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﱢ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻠ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺩﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﹶﺛ ﹶﻠﺎﺛﹰﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒِﻨ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺇﺣ‪ ‬ﺪﻯ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱢ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ ِﻧ ﹶﻜﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤﺎﺳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﱢ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹾﺄِﺑﻴ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜ ِﻦ‬
‫ﺕ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒ ِﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‪ ،‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹲﺓ ِﻃ ﹾﻔ ﹰ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬ﺟ ِ‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺦ ِﻧ ﹶﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﱢ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻠ ﹸﺔ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠﺎِﺋ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎِﺋ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮﳝ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆﺑ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺍ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻧ‪ ‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‪‬ﺒ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ ِﻧ ﹶﻜﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪141‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Hukum Radhâ` dalam Keharaman Nikah dan Kemahraman Adalah‬‬
‫‪Hukum Nasab‬‬
‫‪3. Ketentuan Seputar Penyusuan yang Dianggap‬‬
‫‪4. Tiga Syarat Penyusuan yang Dianggap Memahramkan‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Labanul Fahl dan Konsekuensinya‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﲑ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﲑ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ِ ‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﲑﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻞ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ ﹶﻛِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬‬

‫ﲑ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻴﻦِ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬

‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ِ ‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﲑ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺓِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ِ ‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‬

‫ﺡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺖِ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﹶﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﲑ‪‬ﺗﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹸﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ِ ‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ﺡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻠﹶﺎﺙِ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺖ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫﻦ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹰﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻌ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟﹶﺜﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬

‫ﺷ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺩﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑﺪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﻯ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻞ‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﺻ‪‬ﺎ ِﻏ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩﺑ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﹶ ﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻧ ‪‬‬

‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺣ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺿﻌ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻐﺮ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹲﺔ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻐﺮ‪‬ﻯ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻮﻝِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ‬

‫ﺦ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺣﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﻉ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹰﺓ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ِ :‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺘِﻲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺿ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻟِﻠﺼ‪ ‬ﻐﺮ‪‬ﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬

‫ﺖ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪّ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪ ‬ﹾﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇِ ﹶﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻞ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﻧ ‪‬‬

‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ِﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ‪ .‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ﹾﻛ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃﺧِﻲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺿ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱠِﺘﻲ ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 142 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

1. Bila Seseorang Menikahi Perempuan Dewasa (yang Belum Di-dukhûl) dan

Anak Kecil, Lalu Perempuan Dewasa Tersebut Menyusui Anak Kecil Itu
2. Jika Seseorang Beristrikan Dua Anak Kecil, Lalu Dua Anak Ini Disusui
oleh Istri Ketiga yang Belum Di-dukhûl
3. Jika Seseorang Beristrikan Tiga Anak Kecil, Lalu Dua Anak Ini Disusui
oleh Istri Keempat yang Belum Di-dukhûl
4. Bila Terjadi Dukhûl terhadap Istri yang Menyusui
5. Tentang Mahar bagi Istri yang Menyusui Tersebut
6. Tentang Mahar bagi Istri-Istri Kecil yang Disusui Tersebut
7. Bila Istri Kecil Tersebut Menyusu Saat Istri Dewasa Tertidur
8. Tentang Seseorang yang Menikahi Seorang Perempuan, Kemudian
Berkata, “Istriku Itu Adalah Saudara Susuanku”
9. Tentang Seseorang yang Dinikahi oleh Seorang Lelaki, Kemudian
Berkata, “Suamiku Itu Adalah Saudara Susuanku”

‫ح ا ْﻟ ﻜ ﻔﺎ
ر‬

‫ب
ﻧﻜﺎ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Pernikahan dengan Orang Kafir
‫ﺝ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺔﹶ‬‫ﺎِﺑﻴ‬‫ ﹶﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜﺘ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﺮ ٍﺓ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺡ ﻛﹶﺎ ِﻓ‬
 ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﻟ‬ ،ٍ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﺡ ﻛﹶﺎ ِﻓ ٍﺮ ِﺑﺤ‬
 ‫ﻤ ٍﺔ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ِﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﹶﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺪ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،ِ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺎِﺑﻴ‬‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜﺘ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ ﹶﻏ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺃﹶ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ِﺣ ِﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻥ‬‫ﺎ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹶﺎ ِﻓﺮ‬‫ﻭﺟ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺎِﺑﻴ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜﺘ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹶﺎ ِﻓ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺪ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ،ِ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﺡ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‬
 ‫ﻜﹶﺎ‬‫ﺦ ﺍﻟﻨ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺴﻠِﻤ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺪ ﺍﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻰ ﹶﻟﻬ‬‫ﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻣ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ ﺩِﻳ‬
 ‫ﺘ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻨ ﹸﺬ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺦ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﺡ ﺍ‬
 ‫ﻜﹶﺎ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺒﻴ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ِﺣ ِﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ‬‫ِﺗﻬ‬‫ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِﻋﺪ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ِﻣ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻬ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻡ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻬ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﺗ ﹾﻘِﺒ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻣ‬‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ،‫ﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻏ‬‫ﻲ َﺀ ﹶﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ‬‫ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛ ﹾﻔ ِﺮ ِﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺍ ِﻥ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﻛﹶﺎ ِﻓﺮ‬
.‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺐ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺚ‬
‫ﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺼ ﹸﻔ‬
 ‫ﻭ ِﻧ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
1. Ketidakhalalan bagi Seorang Muslimah untuk Dinikahi oleh Orang Kafir
2. Ketentuan bagi Lelaki Muslim untuk Menikahi Perempuan Kafir
3. Bila Suami-Istri Kafir dan Suami Perempuan Ahli Kitab Memeluk Islam
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 143 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

4. Bila Salah Seorang di Antara Suami Istri Memeluk Islam, Sedang

Pasangannya Bukan Ahli Kitab, atau Bila Salah Seorang di Antara Suami
Istri Muslim Menjadi Murtad
5. Tentang Mahar dari Akad Nikah Saat Masih Kafir

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ﹶﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﹶﺎ ِﻡ ِﻣﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻋ ِﻬ‬‫ﺟِﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺣ‬ ،‫ﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ ٌﺀ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬‫ﻪ ِﺇﻣ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫َِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‬
.‫ﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺎِﺋ‬‫ﻕ ﺳ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ ﱡﻔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ﹶﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣﻤ‬ ،‫ﻦ‬‫ﺣﻬ‬ ‫ﺦ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﺎ ِﺀ ﺍ‬‫ﺡ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‬
 ‫ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ‬
1. Tentang Orang Bebas yang Memeluk Islam, Sedang Dia Memiliki
Beberapa Istri dari Budak yang Juga Memeluk Islam

‫ح‬

‫ط ﻓ
ﻲ اﻟ
ﻨﻜﺎ‬

‫ب اﻟ ﺸﺮو‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Syarat-Syarat dalam Pernikahan

‫ﻒ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮ ﹸﻃﻬ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻯ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻬ‬‫ﺴﺮ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺝ‬
 ‫ﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺪﻫ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺭﻫ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺩ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻃ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍ‬

.((‫ﺝ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬‫ﻢ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ ﹶﻠ ﹾﻠ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺍ‬‫ﺎ ﻣ‬‫ﻮﻓﱡﻮﺍ ِﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻁ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺸ‬‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ ))ِﺇﻥﱠ ﹶﺃ‬:n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬،ِ‫ﻜﹶﺎﺡ‬‫ﺦ ﺍﻟﻨ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ‬‫ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻬ‬

‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﺑ‬

ٍ ‫ﻭ ﹾﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻓِﻲ‬‫ﻳ ﹶﻄﻠﱢ ﹶﻘﻬ‬ ‫ﻁ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺮ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،ٍ‫ﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻦ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻧﻬ‬‫ﻭ‬

،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻕ‬

 ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺻﺪ‬
 ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﺮ‬
 ‫ﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻧﻬ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ‬‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬

.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ ﹶﻄﻠﱢ ِﻘﻬ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻟ‬‫ﺤﻠﱠﻬ‬

ِ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ ﹶﻄﻠﱠ ﹶﻘ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺤﻠﱠ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟﻪ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺤﻠﱢ ﹶﻞ ﻭ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ‬n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬

1. Pembolehan Pensyaratan dalam Nikah oleh Calon Istri Serta

Konsekuensinya
2. Keharaman Nikah Mut’ah
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪144‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫‪3. Tentang Menikah dengan Syarat Menalak Istri pada Waktu Tertentu‬‬
‫‪4. Keharaman Nikah Syighâr‬‬
‫‪5. Keharaman Nikah Tahlîl‬‬

‫ح‬
‫ب ا ﻟﺘ
ﻲ ﻳ ْﻔ ﺴ ﺦ
ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟ
ﻨﻜﺎ ‬
‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻌﻴﻮ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫’‪Bab Aib-Aib yang Mem-Faskh ‘Membatalkan‬‬
‫‪Pernikahan‬‬

‫ﺠﺬﹸﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗﻘﹶﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺹ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻨ‪‬ﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﹶﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻮﻛﹰﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬

‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ِﻢ ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛﻢٍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ‬

‫ﺦ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻘﺪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻜﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺠﺒ‪‬ﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬

‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺃﺟ‪ ‬ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺬ ‪‬ﺗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹸﻓ ِﻌﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻋﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻋ ِ‬

‫ﺖ ِﻋﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ‬

‫ﻕ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻓﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻘﹶﺎ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻗﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺧﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ﻂ ‪‬ﺣ ﱡﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹾ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻄﹶﺎﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒ ِﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻭﺳ‪ ‬ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻋﻨ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﺭﺿِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ِﺣﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﺖ ﺑِﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻋ ﹾﻠ ِﻤﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﹸﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﹰﺓ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻋﻨ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺿ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻋﻨ‪‬ﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬

‫ﺖ ﹶﺛﻴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ‬

‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻘﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﺬﺭ‪‬ﺍ َﺀ ﺃﹸﻭ ِﺭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳﻤِﻴِﻨ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1. Penyebutan Beberapa Aib yang Memperbolehkan Adanya Faskh‬‬

‫‪2. Kebolehan Faskh Jika Suami Baru Mengetahui Aib Tersebut Setelah Akad‬‬
‫‪3. Faskh Adalah Berdasarkan Hukum Seorang Hakim‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Aib ‘Innîn pada Suami Serta Beberapa Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪5. Bila Suami Mengaku Bukan ‘Innîn dan Telah Menjima’ Istrinya‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 145 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
،ٍ‫ﺎ ِﻛﻢ‬‫ﺣ ﹾﻜ ِﻢ ﺣ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹸﻗ‬‫ﺎ ِﻓﺮ‬‫ﻭﹶﻟﻬ‬ ،ِ‫ﺍﻗِﻪ‬‫ﻭ ِﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﹶﺎ ِﻡ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
.‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭ ﹶﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ِﺧﻴ‬‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺖ ﹸﻛﱡﻠﻬ‬
 ‫ﺘ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻀﻬ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻞ ِﺧﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭ ِﻃﹶﺌﻬ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺎ ِﺭﻫ‬‫ﺧِﺘﻴ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻖ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‬
1. Hak Pilihan Seorang Budak Perempuan yang Dibebaskan yang
Bersuamikan Seorang Budak
2. Bila Suami Budak Perempuan Dibebaskan Sebelum Budak Perempuan
Menentukan Pilihan

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪146‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ق‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺼﺪا
‬
‫
‬
‫’‪Kitab Shadâq ‘Mahar‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ِ n‬ﻟﻠﱠﺬِﻱ‬
‫ﻼ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛِﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺪ‪‬ﺍﻗﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻗﻠِﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﺧ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣﺪِﻳ ٍﺪ((‪ .‬ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺯﻭ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﺔ‪] .‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ[‪)) :‬ﺍ ﹾﻟ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺯﻭ‪ ‬ﺟﻨِﻲ ‪‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹶﺓ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻗﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴِﻨ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ِﺮﺿ‪‬ﺎﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺟ‪‬ﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺪ‪‬ﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﹶﺄﻱ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺷ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ِ ‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺬ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐﺼ‪‬ﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﺟ‪ ‬ﺪ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﻌِﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳِﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻳ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺼِﺒ ِﻪ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪ِ‬ﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹰﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳﻴ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Mahar yang Sedikit dan Banyak‬‬
‫‪3. Ketentuan Penentuan‬‬ ‫‪Mahar‬‬ ‫‪dari‬‬ ‫‪Seorang‬‬ ‫‪Ayah‬‬ ‫‪untuk‬‬ ‫‪Anak‬‬
‫‪Perempuannya‬‬
‫‪4. Bila Mahar Adalah Berupa Budak yang Memiliki Aib‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺻﺢ‪ ‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ﹶﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﻮ ِﺳ ِﻊ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺪ‪‬ﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﺗﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻠﹶﺎ ﹸﺓ ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘِﺘ ِﺮ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﺎﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﺧ‪‬ﺎ ٍﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﻧ‪‬ﺎﻫ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ﹶﻄﻂﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠﺒ‪‬ﺎﻗِﻲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤﲑ‪‬ﺍﺙﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‪‬ﺓﹸ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﹶﻗﻀ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ﹶﻄﻂﹶ‪،‬‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﺧ ﹾﻞ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺷ ٍﻖ ﹶﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮﻭ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺫِﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‪‬ﺓﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﻃﹶﺎﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪147‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪1. Jika Seorang Perempuan Dinikahi Tanpa Mahar‬‬

‫‪2. Tentang Mut’ah Talak dan Kadarnya‬‬
‫‪3. Kalau Salah Seorang di Antara Suami-Istri Meninggal Sebelum Dukhûl‬‬
‫‪dan Penetapan Mahar‬‬
‫‪4. Bila Mahar Ditentukan Sebelum Dukhûl‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﹶﻛِﺈ ‪‬ﺳﻠﹶﺎ ِﻣﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﺭِﺗﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﺩﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ِﻋﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﺭِﺗﻀ‪‬ﺎ ِﻋﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻗ ٍﺔ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭﺝِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻛ ﹶﻄﻠﹶﺎ ِﻗ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ِﻌﻪِ‪،‬‬
‫ﻂ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴِﺒ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻋﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ِﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴ‪ ‬ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴٍ‬‫ﺦ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴِﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴٍ‬‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ِﻟﻠﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧﺮِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﻔ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣﻘﱢﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺭﺷِﻴ ‪‬ﺪﺓﹲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨﺼ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨﺼ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨِﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ ٍﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺎﻟﺰ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻴﻦِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺯ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺯﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ِﻔﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺯ‪‬ﺍِﺋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩ ﹾﻓ ِﻊ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩ ﹾﻓ ِﻊ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ِﻣ ﹾﺜﻞﹶ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻤ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ِﺯﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪ِ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺯ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻒ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻘﺪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ِﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ِﻔ ِﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺬ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺬ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻘﺪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲﺀٌ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧﻠﹶﺎ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹾ‬
‫ﻒ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻘﺪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ِﻩ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‪‬ﺓﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ﹶﻃ ﹾﺄﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﻋِﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳﻤِﻴِﻨ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Hal-Hal yang Menggugurkan Mahar‬‬
‫‪2. Bila Perpisahan Disebabkan oleh Istri‬‬
‫‪3. Jika Perpisahan Disebabkan oleh Suami‬‬
‫‪4. Kalau Perpisahan Disebabkan oleh Pihak Ketiga‬‬
‫‪5. Ketentuan Seputar Mahar Tertentu yang Telah Dibagi Dua‬‬
‫‪6. Dukhûl adalah Hal yang Menetapkan Keberadaan Mahar Secara‬‬
‫‪Sempurna‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪148‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫‪7. Tentang Kewajiban Iddah Setelah Dukhûl‬‬

‫‪8. Bila terjadi Perbedaan Ucapan Antara Suami dan Istri Tentang Mahar‬‬

‫ﺮ
ة اﻟ
ﻨﺴﺎ
ء‬
‫ب ﻣﻌﺎ ﺷ ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫’‪Bab Mu’âsyaratun Nisâ` ‘Mempergauli Para Istri‬‬

‫ﺐ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻄ ٍﻞ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬

‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﺩ‪‬ﺍ ُﺀ ﺣ‪‬ﻘﱢ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺟ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣِﺒ ِﻪ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺃﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﺬﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻃﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟِﺎ ‪‬ﺳِﺘﻤ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇ ﹾﻇﻬ‪‬ﺎ ٍﺭ ِﻟ ﹶﻜﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻫ‪‬ﻴ ٍﺔ ِﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹾﺬِﻟﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺜﹶﺎِﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻜﻦِ‪ِ ،‬ﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻛﻔﹶﺎ‪‬ﻳِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ِﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ] ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ[ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻛﻔﹶﺎ‪‬ﻳِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﻭﻑِ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﻄِﻴﻨِﻲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ِﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜﻔِﻴﻨِﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺪِﻱ‪ )) :‬ﺧﺬِﻱ‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ِ :‬ﺇﻥﱠ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻔﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ ‪‬ﺷ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ n‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ِﻟ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻨ ٍﺪ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺕ ِﻓﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮِﺗ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ((‪ .‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺬ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻙ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜﻔِﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻉ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﹰﺓ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟِﺎ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻐﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛِﺒﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٌﺀ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﺇ ﹾﺫِﻧ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫِﻧ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬

‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Kewajiban Mu’âsyarah Secara Ma’ruf‬‬
‫‪3. Hak-Hak Suami terhadap Istri‬‬
‫‪4. Kewajiban Suami untuk Memberi Nafkah, Pakaian, dan Tempat Tinggal‬‬
‫‪5. Jika Suami Menahan Kewajiban Tersebut‬‬
‫‪6. Kebolehan untuk‬‬ ‫‪Berpisah‬‬ ‫‪Karena‬‬ ‫‪Suami‬‬ ‫‪Tidak‬‬ ‫‪Menunaikan‬‬
‫‪Kewajibannya‬‬
‫‪7. Beberapa Keadaan yang Mengakibatkan Istri Tidak Berhak Mendapat‬‬
‫‪Nafkah‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪149‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪‬ﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﹶﺛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻥ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ٍﻊ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺒِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﹰﺓ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺁﻟﹶﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬﺮٍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛ ِﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﺈِﻳﻠﹶﺎﺀَ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻀ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪ ‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻏﻔﹸﻮ ‪‬ﺭ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‪‬ﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻓﹶﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﻚ ﹸﺃ ِﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻔِﻴﹶﺌ ِﺔ ] ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠِﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ[‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺛﻴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳﻤِﻴِﻨﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫‪‬ﺭﺣِﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻔ ﹾﺊ ﹸﺃ ِﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑ ﹶﻄﻠﹶﺎ ِﻗﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻴﹶﺌ ِﺔ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠِﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻘ ﹾﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﺈِﻳﻠﹶﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆﺧ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Hak Mabît untuk Seorang Istri yang Bebas‬‬
‫‪2. Hak Mabît untuk Seorang Istri yang Budak‬‬
‫‪3. Kewajiban untuk Menjima’ Istri Minimal Sekali dalam Empat Bulan‬‬
‫`‪4. Tentang Îlâ‬‬
‫‪5. Bila Istri Telah Menunggu Selama Empat Bulan, Lalu Membawa‬‬
‫‪Permasalahan kepada Hakim‬‬
‫‪6. Kalau Suami (yang Melakukan Îlâ`) Rujuk pada Masa Iddah, atau‬‬
‫‪Menikahi Lagi Istrinya Selepas Masa Iddah, Sedangkan Masa Îlâ` Masih‬‬
‫‪Tersisa‬‬
‫`‪7. Orang yang Memiliki Halangan untuk Kembali dari Masa Îlâ‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻘ ْﺴ
ﻢ واﻟ ﻨﺸﻮ
ز‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫’‪Bab Pembagian dan Nusyûz ‘Pembangkangan‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺓ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟﻠﹾﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻠﺔﹰ‪ِ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻢِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻴﻞﹸ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻢ ِﺑِﺈ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ َﺀﺓﹸ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ِﺀ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﹸﺓ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾ‬
‫ﺖ ِﻛﺘ‪‬ﺎِﺑﻴ‪‬ﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺝ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ‬

‫ﺝ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻧِﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋﺔٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺗﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫ ِﻥ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺣﻘﱠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺸﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻜﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ِﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ٍ‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺛﻴ‪ٍ ‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ِﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟِﺒ ﹾﻜ ِﺮ ﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻘِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟِﺒ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻴ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺝ ﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻘِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﻀ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫﻦ‪ِ ‬ﻟ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒﻮ‪‬ﺍﻗِﻲ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﹶﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻴ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺇِ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺒ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺖ[ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪ ‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻟﻚِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ِﺷ ﹾﺌ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻙ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ ﺧ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ]ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﻤ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻫﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﹲﻥ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻠﻚِ‪ِ ،‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ِﺷ ﹾﺌ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻟِﻨﺴ‪‬ﺎﺋِﻲ((‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪ ‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻟﻚِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪ ‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Kewajiban Suami untuk Berlaku Adil dalam Pembagian kepada Istri-‬‬
‫‪Istrinya‬‬
‫‪2. Dasar Pembagian Adalah Waktu Malam‬‬
‫‪3. Seputar Dua Hari bagi Istri yang Bebas dan Sehari bagi Istri yang Budak‬‬
‫’‪4. Tiada Keharusan dalam Penyamaan Jima‬‬
‫‪5. Permulaan Pembagian dan Safar Adalah Berdasarkan Undian‬‬
‫‪6. Sebagian Istri Boleh Menyerahkan Hak Bermalamnya kepada “Madu”-‬‬
‫‪nya‬‬
‫‪7. Seputar Tujuh Hari dalam Menikahi Seorang Gadis dan Tiga Hari bagi‬‬
‫‪Seorang Janda‬‬
‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺱ‪)) :‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠﻤ‪‬ﺎﻉِ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺴﺘ‪ ‬ﺮ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺮ‪ ‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻴﻄﹶﺎ ﹸﻥ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ((‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻴﻄﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺯ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ﹸﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻢ ﺍﷲِ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﺟﻨ‪ ‬ﺒﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻨ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫’‪1. Kesunnahan untuk Bertirai Saat Berjima‬‬
‫’‪2. Doa Jima‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪151‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﺣﻘﹸﻮ ِﻗﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺿ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑِﺈ ‪‬ﺳﻘﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﺗ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻧﺸ‪‬ﻮﺯ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻋﺮ‪‬ﺍﺿ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﺄ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﻞﹸ ‪‬ﻧﺸ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃِﺗ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻈﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻇ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ،n‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﻠﱢ ﹶﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ﺧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻘﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﹶ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﺡٍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺧِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ِﺮ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻊِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬‬‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻧﺸ‪‬ﻮﺯ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﹶﺎﻥِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻜﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻠِ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻜﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴﻦِ‪ ،‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Definisi Nusyûz‬‬
‫‪2. Kebolehan untuk Menggugurkan Sebagian Hak Bila Istri Khawatir‬‬
‫‪terhadap Nusyûz‬‬
‫‪3. Tahapan yang Dilakukan Seorang Suami Bila Khawatir terhadap Nusyûz‬‬
‫‪Istri‬‬
‫‪4. Menghadirkan Hakam dari Pihak Suami dan Pihak Istri‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﺨ ْﻠ
ﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫’‪Bab Khul‬‬
‫ﺴﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻓِﻲ ﻃﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘ ِﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗﻘِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ﹰﺔ ﻟِﻠﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭﺧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺒ ِﻐ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺽ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻄﹶﺎﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ﹶﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑ ِﻌ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻃ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻌﻨِﻲ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻳﺪِﻱ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺠﻬ‪‬ﻮﻝِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹰﻗﺎ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﻮﺯ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻴ ِﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓِﻴ ِﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺩﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﻫﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻉ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﺭﺍ ِﻫ ِﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴﺘِﻲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻣﻌِﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺧ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺪ ] ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪ٍ ‬ﻦ[ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ ﱡﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 152 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺽ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻣﻤ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹸﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻳﺼِﺢ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ ﹶﻃﻠﹶﺎ ﹸﻗﻪ‬‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺨ ﹾﻠ‬
 ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ ﻗِﻴ‬ ‫ﺮّﺍ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻮﺑ‬‫ﻐﺼ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
.‫ﺎ ِﻝ‬‫ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‬ ‫ ﹸﻓ‬‫ﺼﺮ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Syariat dan Ketentuannya
3. Kadar yang Diambil oleh Seorang Suami Saat Istri Meminta Khul’
4. Apakah Khul’ Terhitung Sebagai Talak?
5. Hal-Hal yang Boleh Dipungut Karena Keberadaan Khul’
6. Kalau Pungutan Khul’ Berupa Seorang Budak yang Memiliki Kekurangan
7. Siapakah yang Berhak Melakukan Khul’?
8. Syarat Orang yang Memberi Pungutan Khul’

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪153‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ق‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻄﻠﺎ
‬
‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Talak‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺯ‪‬ﺍﺋ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻘ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹾﻜﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﹶﻃﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺘ‪‬ﺎﺭٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﻠﱠ ٍ‬
‫ﻕ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ٍ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﹲﺓ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﻓﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻄﻠِﻴﻘﹶﺎﺕٍ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴﻦِ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٌﺀ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎ ﹶ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﻟِﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ ِﺭﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺔ‪)) :‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻠﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺤِﻴﺤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﹶﺄﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻧِﻜﹶﺎﺣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻞﱠ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻃﻠﹶﺎ ِﻗ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﻚ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺬﹸﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗﺮِﻳﺪِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟﻌِﻲ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ِﺭﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻟﹶﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗﺬﹸﻭﻗِﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻃ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻴﻪِ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻭ‪‬ﻯ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺧ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺣِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻞﱠ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻠﹶﺎﺙِ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻃﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ،n‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻗﹶﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻆ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ،n‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐﻴ‪ ‬ﹶ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺣ‪‬ﺎِﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹾﻜﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﻠﱢ ﹶﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻄﻠﱢ ﹾﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ((‪.‬‬
‫)) ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹸﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻋﺪ‪‬ﺗﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﻠﱢ ﹶﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻃ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻠﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻃ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻴﺾٍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﻟِﻠﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻃ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻃ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ ِﻟ ﹾﻠِﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺣ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺔٍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ‪ .‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺧ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺼﻴ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗﺤِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ِ‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻓِﻲ‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ ﻟِﻠﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻟ ﹾﻠِﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺔ ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ِﻟ ﹶﻄﻠﹶﺎ ِﻗﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﹾﺂِﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Syarat Orang yang Boleh Menalak‬‬
‫‪3. Beberapa Orang yang Talaknya Tidak Sah‬‬
‫‪4. Seputar Orang yang Bebas Memiliki Tiga Kali Talak, Sedangkan Budak‬‬
‫‪Hanya Memiliki Dua Kali Talak‬‬
‫‪5. Bila Hak Talak Telah Habis‬‬
‫‪6. Ketidakbolehan untuk Mengumpulkan Tiga Talak Sekaligus‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪154‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫‪7. Tentang Talak Bid’iy‬‬

‫‪8. Tentang Talak Sunny‬‬
‫?‪9. Apakah Talak Bid’iy Terhitung Sebagai Talak‬‬
‫‪10. Beberapa Golongan Perempuan yang Tidak Tercakup ke dalam‬‬
‫‪Ketentuan Talak Sunny dan Talak Bid’iy‬‬

‫ﻄﻠﺎ
ق و
ﻛﻨﺎ ﻳ
ﺘ
ﻪ‬

‫ﺻﺮ
ﻳ
ﺢ اﻟ ‬
‫ب ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Talak Sharîh dan Talak Kinâyah‬‬
‫ﺢ‬
‫ﺼﺮِﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻚ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﻰ ِﺑ ِﻪ ]ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻄﻠﱠ ﹶﻘ ﹲﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻛ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻄّﻠﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ِﺮ ‪‬ﳛﻪ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ ﹾﻔ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻮ‪‬ﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﻗِﻴ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﻓ ِﻜﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻳ ﹲﺔ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ[ ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻮﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻠﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄﻠﱠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧﻮ‪‬ﻯ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ِﺬﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃﺓﹲ؟ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﹶﺎ‪ .‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨﻮِﻱ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ِﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺩ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺧ ِﻠﻴ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺑ ِﺮﻳ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﺑ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺑﺘ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ﹲﺔ‪ .‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨﻮِﻱ ]ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ[ ﹶﻃﻠﹶﺎ ﹶﻗﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟِﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃِﺗ ِﻪ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ‬
‫ﺖ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧﻴ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺓﹰ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﹶﺃ ﹶﻓﻜﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻃﻠﹶﺎﻗﹰﺎ؟ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧﻴ‪ ‬ﺮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻋ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ‪ .‬ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻙ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴ ِﺪ ِﻙ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻃﻠﱢﻘِﻲ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﻠﺲِ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄ ﹾﺄ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Hukum Talak Sharîh‬‬
‫‪3. Hukum Talak Kinâyah‬‬
‫‪4. Bila Seorang Perempuan Diberi Khiyâr‬‬
‫‪5. Bila Suami Menyerahkan Talak kepada Istri‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪155‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ط‬
‫ﻄﻠﺎ
ق
ﺑﺎﻟ ﺸﺮو
‬
‫ب ﺗ ْﻌﻠ
ﻴ
ﻖ اﻟ ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Penggantungan Talak dengan Syarat‬‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ﹾﻠﻚِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻜﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﻕ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﻠِﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻠﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻁ ِﺳﺖ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﹸﻓﻠﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻠ ﹾﻜ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﹲﺓ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻜﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻤﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﺜ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘﻀِﻲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹾﻜﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﹸﻠّﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭ‪ ‬ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺤﻞﱠ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻮ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻃﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺇِﻥ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍﺧِﻲ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﹶﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﻓ‪‬ﻴﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﹶﻛ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺃ ﹶﻃﻠﱢ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻮﺭِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺃ ﹶﻃﻠﱢ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﻣﻜﹶﺎﻥِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺩﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺁ ِﺧ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﻀ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻃﻠﹶﺎ ﹸﻗﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎﻝِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺃ ﹶﻃﻠﱢ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﻠﱢ ﹾﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺧ‪‬ﻮ ﹰﻻ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﻠﱢ ﹾﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺑِﺎﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ ﻟِﺎ‪‬ﻧ ِﻘﻀ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ِﻋﺪ‪ِ‬ﺗﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ ‪‬ﻭﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‪ .‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜﺬﱠ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄﻠﱠﻖ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺲ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴﺾِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ ﺃﹶﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺖ‪ .‬ﹶﻗ ﹶﻜﺬﱠ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ﹶﻘﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ‪ .‬ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﺮ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭﻩِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﺮ‪ِ‬ﺗﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Keabsahan untuk Menggantung Talak dan Pembebasan dengan Syarat‬‬
‫‪Setelah Nikah dan Kepemilikan‬‬
‫‪2. Ketidaksahan Penggantungan Talak Sebelum Nikah dan Kepemilikan‬‬
‫‪3. Kata-Kata yang Menunjukkan Syarat Serta Ketentuannya‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪156‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺮ
ه[‬
‫ﻄﻠﺎ
ق ] و ﻏ ْﻴ
‬
‫ﻒ
ﺑ
ﻪ ﻋ ﺪ د اﻟ ‬
‫ب ﻣﺎ ﻳ ْﺨ ﺘ
ﻠ ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Hal-Hal yang Diperselisihkan Berupa Jumlah Talak‬‬
‫‪dan Selainnya‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺙ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟِﺎﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻠﹶﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻞ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗﺒِﻴ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻘﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﻓﻄﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭﻃﹶﺎِﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﹶﻛ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ﹶﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻚ ﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻃﹶﺎِﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻞ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺧ‪‬ﻮ ﹰﻻ‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺓﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓﺄﹶ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﹶﺎِﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺃ ﹶﻃﻠﱢ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻉ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺩ ِﻩ ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻘﲔِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺩ ِﻩ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺿ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟﻤِﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷﻚ‪ ‬ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻠﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﺀًﺍ ِﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃِﺗ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺸ‪‬ﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ِﻟِﻨﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﻪ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹸﻛﻦ‪ ‬ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴِﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒ ِﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻛﹸﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻄﻠِﻴ ﹶﻘ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ‪ ،‬ﹸﻃﻠﱢ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻃﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻖ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Tentang Talak terhadap Perempuan yang Belum Di-dukhûl dan yang‬‬
‫‪Telah Di-dukhûl‬‬
‫‪2. Bila Terjadi Keraguan pada Jumlah Talak dan Persusuan‬‬
‫‪3. Jika Talak Dijatuhkan kepada Salah Seorang Istri yang Tidak Ditentukan‬‬
‫‪4. Kalau Talak Dijatuhkan terhadap Sebagian dari Diri Istri‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Penjatuhan Setengah Talak atau Kurang dari Itu‬‬

‫ﺮ ْﺟ ﻌ
ﺔ‬
‫ب اﻟ ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Rujuk‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ِﻣ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺩ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻃﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑﻌ‪ ‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬

‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺎﻟﹶﻰ‪] ngfe dcba`_
o :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ .[٢٢٨ :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‪‬ﺓِ؛ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 157 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﻕ‬
ٍ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺻﺪ‬
 ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻭِﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﻬ‬‫ﺴ ﹾﻜ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺗﻬ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﺘِﻲ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ ﺭ‬ ‫ﻨِﻲ ﹶﻗ‬‫ﺪ ﹶﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬:‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺟ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ِﻟ‬
،‫ﻌﺔﹰ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﻭ ِﻃﹶﺌﻬ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺰِﻳ‬
‫ﻮ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﺨ ﹾﻠ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺎ ﻭ‬‫ﺆﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹾﻃ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﻑ ﹶﻟﻪ‬
 ‫ﺸﺮ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﺎ ﻭ‬‫ﻭ ِﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﻦ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺰﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﻭﹶﻟﻬ‬ ،‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻈﱢﻬ‬‫ﻕ ﻭ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻠﹶﺎ‬‫ﺤ ﹸﻘﻬ‬
 ‫ﻳ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﺟ ﹲﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ ﹸﺔ‬‫ﺟ ِﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬
،‫ﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ[ ﹶﻏ‬‫ﻭﺟ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ] ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹸﺛﻢ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻰ ﺑ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮ ﹶﻛﻬ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻦ ﹶﻃﻠﹶﺎ ِﻗﻬ‬ ِ‫ﻲ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎ ﻋ‬‫ﻌﻬ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮ ِﺑﻬ‬ ‫ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﹸﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ‬‫ِﺗﻬ‬‫ﺎ ِﺀ ِﻋﺪ‬‫ﻧ ِﻘﻀ‬‫ﺘ ﹶﻠﻔﹶﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻦ ﹶﻃﻠﹶﺎ ِﻗﻬ‬ ‫ﻲ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ‬ ِ‫ﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ ﹸﻝ‬‫ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‬‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺎﻧ‬‫ ﺑ‬‫ﹸﺛﻢ‬
‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﻜ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬‫ِﺗﻬ‬‫ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِﻋﺪ‬‫ﻌﻬ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ ﺭ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ ِﺓ ﹶﺃﻧ‬‫ﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‬‫ﻧ ِﻘﻀ‬‫ﺪ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺝ‬
 ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻰ ﺍﻟﺰ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍﺩ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ ِﻜﻨ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﺩ‬‫ﻳﻤِﻴِﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‬‫ﺧ ﹶﻞ ِﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺍ ٌﺀ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﻗ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ ﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻪ ِﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﻜ‬ ‫ﻨﺔﹲ‬‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﻮﻟﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ‬
.[‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧ ﹾﻞ ]ِﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Tentang Talak Raj’iy
3. Ketentuan Seputar Mempersaksikan Rujuk
4. Rujuk Tanpa Wali, Mahar, dan Ridha Sang Istri
5. Menjima’ Istri Tergolong Sebagai Rujuk
6. Perempuan yang Ditalak Raj’iy Masih Berstatus Istri
7. Hal-hal yang Diperbolehkan bagi Suami-Istri dalam Masa Talak Raj’iy
8. Bila Talak Raj’iy Sudah Menjadi Talak Bain, Lalu Sang Istri Menikahi
Orang Lain Kemudian Cerai, Selanjutnya Menikah Kembali dengan
Suami Pertama
9. Ucapan Perempuan Adalah Pegangan Saat Terjadi Perselisihan Tentang
Akhir Masa Iddah
10. Apabila Suami Membawa Bayyinah
11. Bila Istri yang Masih Berada dalam Masa Iddah Menikah Lagi
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪158‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ
ﻌ ﺪ
ة‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Iddah‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺎﻟﹶﻰ‪q
o :‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺓ[‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ]ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺓ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺴِﻴ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﻋﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻗﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬

‫‪ncba ` _ ~ } | { z y  x w v u t s r‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗﺴ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘ ِ‬
‫]ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪ .[٤٩ :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ِﻋﺪ‪‬ﺗﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫ﻼ ِﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﹸﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﹸﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﺔ ﺃﹸﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﹶﻟ ٍﺪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬‬‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘﻀِﻲ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻧ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‪‬ﺎ ُﺀ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺑﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺎﺗِﻲ ﺗ‪ ‬ﻮﻓﱢ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺯﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑّ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭ]ﻣ‪‬ﺎ[ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٌﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﹶﺫِﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺴِﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻀﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ ﹸﻗﺮ‪‬ﻭ ٍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ُﺀ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺑﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﺮ‪‬ﻭﺀِ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻄﻠﱠﻘﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍﻥِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﻓ ِﻌﺪ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪ٍ ‬ﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺎﺋِﻲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺤِﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺎﺗِﻲ ‪‬ﻳِﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﺺ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺓ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮﻉ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺮﺑ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﺪ‪ِ ‬ﻋﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﹾﺂِﻳﺴ‪‬ﺎﺕِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺺ ﺗِ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﺭِﻱ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪ ‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ِ :‬ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰ ﹾﻝ ﻓِﻲ ِﻋﺪ‪ٍ ‬ﺓ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳﻌ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺳِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻔﻘﹸﻮ ِﺩ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ﹸﻓ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻜ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴﻘﱠ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻮﻫ‪‬ﺎ[ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻜ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﺪ‪ِ ‬ﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻮﻓﹶﺎﺓِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻓ ِﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ]ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻓ ِﺮ ﻟِﻠﺘ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗﺰ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﺔﹸ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﺃﹶ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ِﻘﻀ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ِﻋﺪ‪ِ‬ﺗﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ ﹸﻈﻬ‪‬ﻮ ِﺭ ﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍﺕِ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ِ :‬ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺗ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ِﺣﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻄ ﹾﻞ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺣﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻜﹶﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍﺭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻋﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪‬ﻝِ‪،‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪ ‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻓﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﺪ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ﹶﻓِﻨﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺣﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِﻃ ﹲﻞ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣﻞﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﺓ ﻟِﻠﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺣﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺄ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ِﻋﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 159 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‬ ،ِ‫ﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻟﻠﹶﺂ‬

 ‫ﺘﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺖ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻋﺪ‬
 ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﺎ ﺍ‬‫ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻮﹶﻟ ٍﺪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﺑ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‬ ،ِ‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‬‫ﻧ ِﻘﻀ‬‫ﺪ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
.‫ﺧ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻟﻠﹾﺂ‬
 ‫ﺘﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻣ‬‫ﺗﻬ‬‫ﺖ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻋﺪ‬
 ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﺍﻧ‬‫ﺎ ﻭ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻩ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﹸﻮ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻖ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
ِ ‫ﻱ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻓﹸﺄﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﹸﺃ ِﺭ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ِﻣ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Ketentuan Iddah pada Selain Istri yang Ditalak Sebelum Dukhûl dan
Disentuh
3. Penyebutan Empat Golongan Perempuan yang Menjalani Iddah Secara
Global
4. Iddah Perempuan Hamil
5. Ketentuan Hamil yang Dianggap Sebagai Iddah
6. Iddah Perempuan yang Ditinggal Mati oleh Suaminya
7. Iddah Budak Perempuan yang Ditinggal Mati oleh Suaminya
8. Cakupan Umum Iddah Perempuan yang Ditinggal Mati oleh Suaminya
Sebelum dan Setelah Disentuh
9. Iddah Perempuan yang Masih Bisa Haid
10. Iddah Budak Perempuan yang Masih Bisa Haid
11. Iddah Perempuan yang Tidak Bisa Haid
12. Iddah Budak Perempuan yang Tidak Bisa Haid
13. Tiga Tempat yang padanya Disyariatkan Tarabbush ‘Penungguan’
Bersama Iddah:
a. Perempuan yang Haidnya Tertahan oleh Sebab yang Tidak Diketahui
b. Istri dari Seorang Suami yang Keberadaannya Tidak Diketahui
c. Perempuan yang Ragu Akan Kesudahan Masa Iddahnya
14. Hukum Pernikahan pada Masa Iddah
15. Ketentuan Seputar Tafrîq ‘Pemisahan’ Bila Terjadi Pernikahan pada Masa
Iddah
16. Kebolehan Nikah Kembali Setelah Tafrîq dan Dua Iddah
17. Penisbahan Anak yang Lahir dari Pernikahan pada Masa Iddah
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ
ﺈ ْﺣﺪا
د‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Ihdad‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ِﻞ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟِﺈﹾﺛ ِﻤﺪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﻟ ‪‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ِﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻄﱢﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ﹸﳌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﻓﱠﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺟِﺘﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻣﻴ‪ٍ ‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻡ ﺍﻵ ِﺧ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ﻟِﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ٍﺓ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺴﲔِ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤِ‬‫ﺼﺒ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻏ ِﺔ ﻟِﻠﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤﺲ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺐٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺒ‪‬ﻮﻏﹰﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﺍ((‪ .‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺙٍ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺖ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ِﺰِﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻇﻔﹶﺎﺭٍ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺒِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴٍ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﺬ ﹰﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻃِﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍ ﹾﻏ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﺪ‪ ‬ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻔ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺞ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﻓﱢ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﻗﹶﺮِﻳ‪‬ﺒ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺫِﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺖ‪ ‬ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻔ ِﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻄﻠﱠ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟِﺎ ‪‬ﻋِﺘﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﺩ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Kewajiban Ihdad terhadap Perempuan yang Ditinggal Mati oleh‬‬
‫‪Suaminya‬‬
‫‪3. Hal-Hal yang Wajib Dijauhi oleh Perempuan yang Menjalani Ihdad‬‬
‫‪4. Kewajiban Ihdad di Rumah Tempat Iddah Dijalani‬‬
‫‪5. Bila Perempuan yang Ditinggal Mati oleh Suaminya Sedang Bersafar atau‬‬
‫‪Berhaji‬‬
‫?‪6. Adakah Ihdad bagi Perempuan yang Ditalak Tiga‬‬

‫ت‬
‫ب ﻧ ﻔ ﻘ
ﺔ ا ْﻟ ﻤ ْﻌ ﺘ ﺪا
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Penafkahan kepada Perempuan Iddah‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗﺴ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹶﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮّ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻌﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻣﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻛﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹾﻜﻨ‪‬ﻰ ] ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹶﺎ ِﻓ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗﺪ‪ ‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻢ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ[‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗﺪ‪ِ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺦٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻜﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺑِﺤ‪‬ﺎﻝٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺓ ِﺑ ﹶﻄﻠﹶﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 161 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

.‫ﻰ‬‫ﺳ ﹾﻜﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻟﻬ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻮﻓﱢ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ‬:‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
1. Penyebutan Tiga Keadaan Perempuan Iddah dalam Hal Pemberian
Nafkah Secara Global
2. Pertama: Perempuan yang Ditalak Raj’iy
3. Kedua: Perempuan yang Ditalak Bain
4. Ketiga: Perempuan yang Ditinggal Mati oleh Suaminya

‫ب ا ْﺳ
ﺘ ْﺒﺮا
ء ا ْﻟ
ﺈﻣﺎ
ء‬

 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Istibrâ` Para Budak
:‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
ِ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ‬
 ‫ﺍ ِﺟ‬‫ﻮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
.‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ ِﺮﹶﺋﻬ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﻬ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻣ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ :‫ﺎ‬‫ﺪﻫ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﺮﹶﺋ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﳚﻬ‬ ‫ﺰ ِﻭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺯ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳﺠ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﺪﻫ‬ ‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺆﻫ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﻄ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬‫ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ ﹸﺃﻡ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻤِﻴ ِﻊ‬ ‫ﺍ ُﺀ ﻓِﻲ‬‫ﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺳِﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟِﺎ‬‫ ﻭ‬.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹸﻔ‬‫ﺒ ِﺮﺋﹶﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ ِﻜﺤ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟ‬،ِ‫ﻮِﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﹶﺎ ِﺑ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃ‬:‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺎﺋِﻲ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺖ ﺁِﻳ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻬ ٍﺮ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﺗﺤِﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻀ ٍﺔ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﺎ ِﻣﻼﹰ‬‫ﺖ ﺣ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻤ ِﻞ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺿ ِﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﺑ‬
 ‫ﹶﺫِﻟ‬
.‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺪﺭِﻱ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﻀﻬ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺗ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻬ ٍﺮ ِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺓ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻀﻦ‬
 ‫ﺤ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬
1. Definisi Istibrâ`
2. Kewajiban Istibrâ` Adalah pada Tiga Tempat:
a. Pertama: Budak yang Baru Dimiliki
b. Kedua: Ummu Walad dan Budak (yang Telah Digauli oleh Tuannya)
yang Akan Dinikahkan
c. Ketiga: Ummu Walad dan Budak yang Baru Dibebaskan
3. Ketentuan Tentang Lama Masa Istibrâ`

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 162 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ﻈﻬﺎ
ر‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟ‬


Kitab Zhihâr
‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬‫ ﹶﺃ‬:‫ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،ِ‫ ﹾﺄﺑِﻴﺪ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻬ ِﺮ ﹸﺃﻣ‬ ‫ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻈ‬‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬‫ ﹶﺃ‬:‫ﺮﹶﺃِﺗ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻟِﺎ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻳ ِﻦ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﺘﻤ‬‫ﺒ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺒ ٍﺔ ِﻣ‬‫ﺭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺤﺮِﻳ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺮ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﻜﻔﱢ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ﹶﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ‬،ِ‫ﻬﺎ ِﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﳝ‬ ‫ﺤ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺮِﻳ‬ ،‫ﹶﻛﹶﺄﺑِﻲ‬
‫ﻉ ﻓِﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠﻤ‬
ِ ‫ﺭ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻜﻔﱠﺎ‬‫ﺘﻬ‬‫ﺻ ﹶﻔ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻬ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻜِﻴﻨ‬
 ‫ﲔ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻡ ِﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻊ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻃﻌ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻄ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﻓﹶ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﺘﻤ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎِﺑ‬‫ﺘﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﻜﻔﱢ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺭ‬‫ﺮﹶﺃِﺗ ِﻪ ِﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻇﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺭﺓﹸ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹾﺬﻛﹸﻮ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻔﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ ِﺰ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﺼ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
ِ ‫ ﹾﻜ ِﻔ‬‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻃ ﹶﺊ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﺎﻥﹶ‬‫ﻣﻀ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻬ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
.‫ﺪ ﹲﺓ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﺣ‬‫ﺭ ﹲﺓ ﻭ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜﻔﱠﺎ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻭ ِﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻇﹶﺎ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﺎﺣ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﺌﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻣﻬ‬ ‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻇﹶﺎ‬
.‫ﺎ ِﻡ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﻜﻔﱢ‬ ‫ﻪ ﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻧ‬،ٌ‫ﺍﺀ‬‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﺓ‬ ‫ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻔﱠﺎ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﺪ ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ ﻭ‬،ٍ‫ﻳ ِﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Beberapa Shîghah Zhihâr
3. Konsekuensi Terjadinya Zhihâr
4. Kaffarah Zhihâr
5. Kaffarah Zhihâr Adalah Sama dengan Kaffarah Jima’ pada Siang Hari
Ramadhan
6. Bila Seseorang Menjima’ Istrinya Sebelum Membayar Kaffarah Zhihâr
7. Berapa Jumlah Kaffarah bagi Orang yang Men-zhihâr Istrinya Berulang
Kali dan Belum Membayar Kaffarah Sama Sekali
8. Kaffarah bagi Orang yang Men-zhihâr Seluruh Istrinya dengan Satu
Kalimat
9. Kaffarah bagi Orang yang Men-zhihâr Seluruh Istrinya dengan Beberapa
Kalimat
10. Tentang Orang yang Men-zhihâr Budak Perempuannya, Tentang Suami
Mengharamkan Sesuatu yang Diperbolehkan Baginya, dan Tentang
Perempuan yang Men-zhihâr dan Mengharamkan Suaminya
11. Kaffarah Seorang Budak Hanyalah dengan Berpuasa

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‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪163‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ب اﻟ
ﻠﻌﺎ
ن‬
‫
ﻛﺘﺎ ‬
‫‪Kitab Li’ân‬‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻠﹶﺎ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻦ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻔِﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎﻟِ ‪‬ﻐ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻗ ﹶﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗﻄﹶﺎِﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻠﱢﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺫﻣ‪‬ﻴ‪ ‬ﹰﺔ ]ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ[ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻌﺰِﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻠﹶﺎ ِﻋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬‬‫ﺖ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃﺗِﻲ ‪‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛ ِﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻧ‪‬ﺎِﺋِﺒ ِﻪ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﻮ ِﺟ‪‬ﺒﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﺬﹶﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﺔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴﻘﹶﺎ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺗ‪ِ ‬ﻖ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﺨ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ﺳ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃﺗِﻲ ‪‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ‬
‫ﲔ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹶﺎ ِﺫِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ِﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ‪ .‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻰ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳِﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻘ ﹾﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻋﺬﹶﺍ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻣ‪‬ﺎﻧِﻲ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ِﺇﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﺎ ِﺫِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪‬ﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺬﹶﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺐﺍِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗِﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻘ ﹾﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﻞﹸ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﺨ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣﺴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﻗﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮﳝ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻣ‪‬ﺎﻧِﻲ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭﺟِﻲ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﹶﺮ‪ ‬ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩﻗِ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮﻟﹸﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆﺑ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻨﻔﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘﻔﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٌﺀ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘﻔﹶﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﱡﻝ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍﺭِ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻭ‪‬ﻯ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪) :‬ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪.(‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Konsekuensi terhadap Suami yang Menuduh‬‬
‫‪3. Ketentuan Seputar Istri yang Tertuduh‬‬
‫‪4. Kaifiyah Li’ân‬‬
‫‪5. Pelaksanaan Li’ân Adalah dengan Kehadiran Hakim atau Wakilnya‬‬
‫?‪6. Apakah Tafrîq Terjadi Setelah Li’ân atau Berdasarkan Putusan Hakim‬‬
‫‪7. Pengharaman Selama-Lamanya Karena Adanya Li’ân‬‬
‫‪8. Hukum Anak dari Pasangan yang Melakukan Li’ân‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪164‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪:n‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻃِﺌﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ((‪ .‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﻔِﻲ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟﻠﱢﻌ‪‬ﺎﻥِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻮ‪‬ﻯ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺋﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺵ ِﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫))ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ِﻔﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺬ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ِﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟﹶﺄ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺳﺘ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺬ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻃﹶﺌﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟﹶﺄ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠﺒ‪‬ﻮﺏِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮ ِﺳِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ِﻣﻤ‪ ‬ﻦ ﻟﹶﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻟ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺩ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺟِﺘﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪1. Hukum Asal Nasab Anak (yang Terlahir dari Seorang Istri atau Budak‬‬
‫‪Adalah kepada Ayahnya, Kecuali Karena Li’ân terhadap Istri yang Bebas‬‬
‫‪dan Pengakuan Istibrâ` terhadap Budak‬‬
‫‪2. Beberapa Kondisi yang Mengakibatkan‬‬ ‫‪Nasab‬‬ ‫‪Tidak‬‬ ‫‪Mungkin‬‬
‫‪Disandarkan kepada Suami‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬﺔٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻃ ﹶﺊ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮِﻳﻜﹶﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻃ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣﺪٍ‪ ] ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻃ ﹶﺊ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟﻠﹶﺎ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹰﺓ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻃ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻘﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎ ِﺭِﺑ ِﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹸﺄﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟﻠﹶﺎﻥِ‪ ،‬ﹸﺃ ِﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻬ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ٍﺪ[ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻓ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﺗ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻠﻎﹶ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺑ ِﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ﹶﻜ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻘﹸﻮﻩ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ِﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ِ‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﻻ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺋ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﹶ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Penetapan Nasab Berdasarkan Qiyâfah‬‬
‫‪2. Bila Nasab Seorang Anak Belum Ditetapkan Hingga Dia Baligh‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪165‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﺤﻀﺎ ﻧ
ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Hadhânah‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺑِﺎﻟﻄﱢ ﹾﻔ ِﻞ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺗﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﺏ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎﺀِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﺨ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﺏِ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮﻳ‪‬ﻦِ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻮ‪‬ﺍِﻧ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺣﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺔ ِﻟ ‪‬ﺮﻗِﻴ ٍﻖ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻓﹶﺎ ِﺳﻖٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ٍﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬ﺟ ٍﺔ ِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨِﺒﻲ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱢ ﹾﻔﻞِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺯ‪‬ﺍﹶﻟ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺧﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻜﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻧ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇِﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺳِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ﱡﻘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ِﻩ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗﺸ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﺑ‪‬ﻮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ِ ‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻄﻠﱠ ﹶﻘﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻓِﻲ ِﺣﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟ ِﺮ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘﻜﹸﻮ ﹸﻥ ﹶﺃﺣ‪ ‬ﻖ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٌﺀ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺎﻝﹲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ِﻋ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ِﻣﲑ‪‬ﺍِﺛ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪Urutan Golongan yang Paling Berhak Mendapatkan Hadhânah‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪Golongan Orang yang Tidak Berhak Mendapatkan Hadhânah‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪Bila Anak Laki-Laki Telah Berusia Tujuh Tahun‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪Jika Anak Perempuan Telah Berusia Tujuh Tahun‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪Kewajiban Ayah untuk Mencari Perempuan yang Bisa Menyusui‬‬
‫‪Anaknya‬‬
‫‪7. Kewajiban Ahli Waris dalam Hadhânah Bila Sang Anak Tidak Memiliki‬‬
‫‪Ayah dan Harta‬‬

‫ﻚ‬
‫ب وا ْﻟ ﻤﻤﺎﻟ
ﻴ
‬
‫ب ﻧ ﻔ ﻘ
ﺔ ا ْﻟ ﺄﻗﺎ
ر
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Penafkahan kepada Kerabat dan Budak‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﺍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍِﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﺩ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻔﻠﹸﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﺽ ٍﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺼِﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﲑ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭﺛﹶﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻨﻔﹶ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ِﻣﲑ‪‬ﺍِﺛ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟِﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﹸﻓ ﹶﻘﺮ‪‬ﺍ َﺀ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ِﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 166 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

،ٍ‫ﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹸﻛ‬ ‫ﻧ ٍﺔ‬‫ﺆ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬‫ﺎﺟ‬‫ﺤﺘ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻕ‬
 ‫ﻧﻔﹶﺎ‬‫ﲔ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬
 ‫ﻤﻠﹸﻮ ِﻛ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﱠﺎ ِﻙ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺔﹰ‬‫ﺎﺻ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃﺑِﻴ ِﻪ ﺧ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ‬،‫ﹶﺃﺏ‬
.‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬‫ﻢ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠﺒ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻌ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﺟِﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻌﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﹸﺃ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Tentang Pemberian Nafkah kepada Kedua Orang Tua Hingga Generasi
ke Atas
3. Seputar Pemberian Nafkah kepada Anak Hingga Keturunan ke Bawah
4. Perihal Pemberian Nafkah kepada Ahli Waris Serta Kadarnya
5. Tentang Kewajiban Ayah untuk Menafkahi Anaknya
6. Tentang Kewajiban untuk Menafkahi Budak

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻮﻟ
ﻴ ﻤ
ﺔ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Walimah
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻩ ﹶﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﲔ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻑ ِﺣ‬
ٍ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ ِﻟ‬n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬،‫ﺔﹲ‬‫ﺤﺒ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹸﺓ ﺍ ﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ )) :n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬،‫ﺒﺔﹲ‬‫ﺍ ِﺟ‬‫ﺎ ﻭ‬‫ﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹸﺔ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﺟ‬‫ ﻭ‬.((‫ﺎ ٍﺓ‬‫ﻮ ِﺑﺸ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭِﻟ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﷲ ﹶﻟﻚ‬
ُ ‫ﻙ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ ))ﺑ‬:‫ﺝ‬
 ‫ﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻗﺴ‬ ‫ﻫ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺡ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺒ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﹾِﺘﻘﹶﺎ ﹸﻃ‬‫ﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺜﹶﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬‫ ﻭ‬.‫ﻑ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎ ﻭ‬‫ﺩﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻄ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬‫ﺤﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،((‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻮﹶﻟ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
َ ‫ﻰ ﺍ‬‫ﻋﺼ‬
.‫ﻭﻟﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺿﺮِﻳ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Hukumnya
3. Kewajiban untuk Memenuhi Undangan Walimah
4. Kebolehan untuk Menghadirinya, Walaupun Tidak Ikut Makan
5. Tentang Natsâr dalam Walimah

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪167‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْﺄﻃْ
ﻌﻤ
ﺔ‬

‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Makanan-Makanan‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮّﺍ ﻛﹶﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻮﻡِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺡ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻥ ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ‪ :‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﹲﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏﻴ‪ ‬ﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ )) :n‬ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ‬
‫ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻗﻠِﻴ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺜِ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺷ ِﺮ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﺔ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹲﺔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﻠﱠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧﻠﱢ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﱠ ﹶﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﻓ ِﻤ ﹾﻞ ُﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻒ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻡ(( ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻜ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Penjelasan bahwa Makanan Terbagi Dua: Hewan dan Selain Hewan‬‬
‫‪2. Hukum Makanan Selain Hewan‬‬
‫‪3. Keharaman Makanan yang Najis atau Berbahaya‬‬
‫‪4. Kebolehan Seluruh Minuman, Kecuali yang Memabukkan‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Khamar yang Menjadi Cuka‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮﻱ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﹸﻠّ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﻠﹶﺎ ﹲﻝ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮِﻱ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﻱ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ‪ :‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﹸﻥ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻠﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﻭِﺍﹾﻟِﺒﻐ‪‬ﺎﻝِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﺐ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﹾ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹶﻠ ٍ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺫِﻱ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺫِﻱ ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﻱ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
‫ﺕ ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ﹾﺄ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺚ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺒ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ َﻷ‪‬ﺑﻘﹶﺎﻉِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﻛﹶﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻮ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺧ ِﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻏﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﻗِﻴ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻫﻮ‪‬؟ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻟﹶﺎ((‪ .‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫ﻉ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺐ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﹶﺄﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹸﺃ ِﻛ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺓ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀّ‪‬ﺒﻊِ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﹶﺃ ِﺫ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻟﺤ‪‬ﻮ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺒ‪‬ﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Hewan Terbagi Dua: Hewan Laut dan Hewan Darat‬‬
‫‪2. Hukum Hewan Laut‬‬
‫‪3. Hukum Ular‬‬
‫‪4. Hukum Katak‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪168‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫‪5. Hukum Buaya‬‬

‫‪6. Hukum Hewan Darat‬‬
‫‪7. Hukum Hewan Buas yang Memangsa dengan Taring‬‬
‫‪8. Hukum Burung yang Memangsa dengan Cakar‬‬
‫‪9. Hukum Keledai Peliharaan‬‬
‫‪10. Hukum Bighâl‬‬
‫‪11. Hukum Burung Pemakan Bangkai‬‬
‫‪12. Hukum Khabâ`its‬‬
‫‪13. Hukum Yarbû’ dan Dhabb‬‬
‫’‪14. Pembolehan untuk Memakan Kuda dan Dhabu‬‬

‫ﺑﺎب اﻟ ﺬﻛﺎ
ة‬

‫’‪Bab Dzakâh ‘Penghalalan‬‬
‫ﺶ ﻓِﻲ‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ((‪ِ .‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻌِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ‪)) :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﹶﺫﻛﹶﺎﺓٍ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺡ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺷ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﻱ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﹶﺫﻛﹶﺎ ٍﺓ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺬﻛﱠﻰ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﺮﻃﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺢ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ِﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺐ‪ ‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗﺴ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻛﹶﺎ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻁ‪:‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻟِﻠﺬﱠﻛﹶﺎ ِﺓ ﹸﻛﻠﱢﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺷﺮ‪‬ﻭ ٍ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓﺠ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺰ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺬ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻛﺘ‪‬ﺎِﺑﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﱢ ﹾﻔ ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻗﹶﺎ ِﺩﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻠﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺬﻛﱢﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ﹰ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﻞّ ﹶﺫﺑِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﺑ ِﻜﺘ‪‬ﺎِﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻨ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹾﻜﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹸﻥ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹶﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ﺍﻟﹾﺂﻟﹶ ِﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻴ ِﺪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﻃﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺎﻟﹶﻰ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺬ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤﻞﱠ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺳ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣﻠﱠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺔ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻟﻢ‪ ‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻤ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﺑِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﺃﺷ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﺀِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻞﱠ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻴ ِﺪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 169 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬،‫ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ﹾﻔﺮ‬‫ ﻭ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ‬

ٍ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺠ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺪِﻳ ٍﺪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺍ ٌﺀ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ‬‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ ٍﺩ‬‫ﺤﺪ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﺬﻛﱢ‬ ‫ ﺃﹶ ﹾﻥ‬:‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺼِﻴ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺮ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ .((‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ﹾﻔ‬‫ ﻭ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺴ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟ‬،‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜﻞﹾ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻢ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹸﺫ ِﻛ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ ))ﻣ‬:n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺼ‬
 ‫ﺎ ِﺭ‬‫ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،ٍ‫ﺒ ﹶﻜﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻕ ﹶﺃ‬
ٍ ‫ﻨ ﹸﺬ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺠ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‬‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗ‬،‫ﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺼ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎ ِﺭﺣ‬‫ﺮ ِﺳ ﹶﻞ ﺟ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ٍﺩ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺤﺪ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ِﺑ‬
‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،ِ‫ﺿﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ِﺑ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻣ‬‫ ِﻩ ﺩ‬‫ﺤﺪ‬
 ِ‫ﺎ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺑ‬‫ﺽ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻞ ﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺩ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ِﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺻ‬ ،‫ﺤﻞﱠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻋِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻨ ِﻘ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ِﺑ‬
.‫ﺣﻞﱠ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺼ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻰ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺟ ﹶﻞ ﻟِﻠﺼ‬‫ﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Kebolehan terhadap hewan laut tanpa dzakâh
3. Tentang hewan laut yang hidup di darat
4. Keharusan dzakâh terhadap hewan darat, kecuali terhadap belalang dan
semisalnya
5. Penyebutan tiga jenis dzakâh
6. Kesunnahan nahr pada unta dan dzabh pada selainnya
7. Tiga persyaratan dalam dzakâh secara global
8. Tentang kelayakan orang yang melakukan dzakâh serta ketentuannya
9. Tentang Sembelihan Anak Kecil, Orang Gila, Orang Mabuk, dan Orang
Kafir yang Bukan Ahli Kitab
10. Tentang Syarat Penyebutan Nama Allah
11. Tentang Menyebut Nama Allah bagi Orang Bisu
12. Hukum Sembelihan yang Tidak Dibacakan Tasmiyah Secara Sengaja atau
Lupa
13. Tentang Syarat Penyembelihan dengan Benda Tajam
14. Larangan terhadap Menyembelih dengan Gigi dan Kuku
15. Beberapa Ketentuan Seputar Benda Tajam pada Shaid
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪170‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ﺧ‪‬ﺎﺻ‪ ‬ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻃﹶﺎ ِﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻳ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻄ ِﻌ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻠﻘﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﹾ ‪‬ﻤﺮِﻱ َﺀ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺒﻘﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻠ ِﻖ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺒ‪‬ﺔِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﺬﺑ‪‬ﻮﺡِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﺑِﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﺣﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺬ ِﻫ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‪‬ﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﺬﺑ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮﻋ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫ﺐ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺣﻞﱠ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻭ‪‬ﻯ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤﻞﱠ ﺑﺎِﻟﺬﱠ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴِﺌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ‪‬ﻳ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑﺸ‪‬ﺎ ٍﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮﺗ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹾﻠ ٍﻊ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑﹶﺄ ﹾﻛ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ((‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻴﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺠ‪‬ﻮ ٍﺯ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻴ ِﺪ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻠ ِﻖ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺒ‪‬ﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻓﹶﻲ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞ ﺑِ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ِ)) :n‬ﺇﻥﱠ‬
‫ﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻬ ِﻢ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧﻌ‪‬ﺎﻡِ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻭ‪‬ﻯ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻌﲑ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻧﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫﻮ‪‬ﻯ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﲑ ﻓِﻲ ِﺑ ﹾﺌ ٍﺮ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﻨﻌ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻫﻜﹶﺬﺍ((‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟِ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﻢ ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻛﹶﺄﻭ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣﺶِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻏ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹸﺃ ِﺣﻞﱠ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﺪ ِﻩ ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ٍﻊ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Dua Syarat pada Dzabh dan Nahr‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Al-‘Aqr Serta Pensyariatannya‬‬

‫‪2y1‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪171‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺼﻴْ
‬
‫
‬
‫’‪Kitab Shaid ‘Hewan Buruan‬‬
‫ﻁ ِﺳﺘ‪ٍ ‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﻭ ٍ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻘ ِﺮ ِﻩ ‪‬ﺣﻞﱠ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻴ ِﺪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﹸ ﱡﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺳ ﹸﻞ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺳ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺠِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻠﱠﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹰﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻛﹶﺎﺓِ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎِﺋ ِﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﹶ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛﻞﹾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺪ ﺧ‪‬ﺎﺻ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﹾ ﹶﻜ ﹾﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺑ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺼّ ‪‬ﻴﺪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺮ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴﺼِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺳ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺡ ﹶﻗﺘِﻴ ﹸﻠﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﺸ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﹶﻛ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻛ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻴ ِﺪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎﺀِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃﹶﺛﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃﹶﺛ ِﺮ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻠﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪ ‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ِ)) :‬ﺇﺫﹶﺍ‬
‫ﺤﻞﱠ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻭ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺪﻱ‪ ‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺎِﺗ ٍﻢ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻬ ِﻢ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ﹾﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹾﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎ ﹾﺫ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﷲِ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻛ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺃﹶ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺫﻛﹶﺎﺓﹲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹾﻞ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃﺧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﹾﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ﹾﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻢ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻛ ﹾﻠِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪ ‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹾﻞ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺧ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ﹶﻄﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ِﺷ ﹾﺌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﹶﺛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻏﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﹶﺎ ﹾﺫ ﹸﻛ ِﺮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻚ((‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﺭِﻱ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ُﺀ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻏﺮِﻳﻘﹰﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹾﻞ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪ ‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Kewajiban untuk Menyembelihnya Bila Memungkinkan‬‬
‫‪3. Penyebutan Enam Syarat Penghalalannya Secara Global‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Syarat Hewan Jârihah Serta Keterlatihannya‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Syarat Pengutusan Hewan Jârihah untuk Menangkap Shaid‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Syarat Keberadaan Maksud/Niat dalam Memburu Shaid‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪172‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫‪7. Bila Hewan Lain/Benda yang Buruannya Tidak Diperbolehkan Terikut‬‬

‫‪dalam Perburuan Shaid‬‬

‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻄ
‬
‫ﻀ‬
‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻤ ْ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫’‪Bab Mudhtharr ‘Orang yang Terdesak‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪّ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪ ‬ﹶﻔﻘﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹶﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ٍﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ﹸﻄﺮ‪ ‬ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺿﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭِﺗ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻃﻌ‪‬ﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻞ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠﻔﹰﺎ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ِﳝ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻄﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺷﻬِﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺿ ِﻤ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐِﻨﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻤِﻨﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺮ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄﺶِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﻡٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺍﻭِﻱ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎِﻧ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ﺿ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻗﹶﺎِﺗ ِﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎِﺋﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﺩ ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺼ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Kebolehan bagi Mudhtharr untuk Mengonsumsi Makanan yang‬‬
‫‪Diharamkan‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Mengukur Derajat Keharaman‬‬
‫‪4. Bila Mudhtharr Terbunuh Karena Mengambil Makanan‬‬
‫‪5. Hukum Tentang Berobat dengan Hal yang Diharamkan dan Meminum‬‬
‫‪Khamar Karena Haus‬‬
‫‪6. Kebolehan untuk Menghilangkan Hal yang Menyumbat Kerongkongan‬‬
‫‪dengan Meneguk Khamr‬‬

‫ب اﻟ ﻨ ْﺬ
ر‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Nadzar‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ((‪ .‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ )) :n‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻄِﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ َ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﻃﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ )) :n‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﺬﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻄِﻴ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪‬ﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻄِﻴ ﹸﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤﲔٍ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻴ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻳﻄِﻴ ﹸﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺣﺞ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﺓٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻡ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﲔ((‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺬﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 173 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﻌ ﹾﺬ ٍﺭ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻙ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﹰﺎ‬‫ﺘ ﹶﻔﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ ِﻊ ﺻ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓﻌ‬‫ﺎِﺑﻌ‬‫ﺘﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺮ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺭ ِﻛ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﻲ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ﹾﻓ ﹶﻄ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺎ ﹸﻓﻪ‬‫ﺳِﺘ ﹾﺌﻨ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹾﺬ ٍﺭ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،ِ‫ ﹾﻜ ِﻔﲑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﺎ ِﺀ ﻭ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺒﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻓ ِﻪ‬‫ﺳِﺘ ﹾﺌﻨ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴ‬ ‫ﺎِﺋ ِﻪ‬‫ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺃﹾﺛﻨ‬
‫ﺒ ﹰﺔ‬‫ﺭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
 ‫ﻨ ِﻮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬،ِ‫ﺍ ِﺟﺐ‬‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺉ‬
 ‫ﺠ ِﺰ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ‬‫ﺭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ٍ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﺮ ِﺑ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛﻔﱠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﻗﻀ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤ‬‫ﻀ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬
ِ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ‬
‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﲔ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﻤ‬‫ﺪ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﹶﻗ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻓِﻴﻤ‬ ،‫ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺁ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻚ ﺍ‬
 ‫ﻤ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻓِﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﺡ‬
ٍ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ ٍﺔ‬‫ﺼﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹾﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴِﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ِﺑ‬
‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻪ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻲ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻐ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ ﺍ‬‫ﺭ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻓِﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹾﺬ‬ ‫ ))ﻟﹶﺎ‬:‫ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ .((‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺁ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻚ ﺍ‬
 ‫ﻤ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻓِﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻴّ ِﺔ ﺍ‬‫ﺼ‬
ِ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹾﺬ‬ ‫ ))ﻟﹶﺎ‬:n
:‫ﺱ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬
ٍ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺒ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻯ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ ِﻟﻤ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺪﻫ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻮﻓﹶﺎ ُﺀ ﺑِﺎﻟﻄﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻴ ِﺮﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ ﹾﺬ ِﺭ‬‫ﻊ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ .((‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﺤ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺲ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻡ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﹸﻮ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺬﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﺋِﻴ ﹶﻞ‬‫ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﺇ‬‫ ﹶﺃﺑ‬:‫ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‬،‫ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺴﹶﺄ ﹶﻝ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻼ ﻗﹶﺎِﺋﻤ‬
‫ﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﺑ‬‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹾﺬ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠﻲ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻠّ ِﻪ‬:‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ .((‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﻴِﺘﻢ‬‫ﻭﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹾﻘ‬‫ﻭﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻈﻞﱠ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻜﻠﱠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻩ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﻣﺮ‬ )) :‫ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬.‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳﺼ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻜﻠﱠ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻈﻞﱠ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬
.‫ﲔ‬
ٍ ‫ﻳ ِﻤ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﺴﻤ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Tentang Nadzar Ketaatan Serta Kewajiban Penunaiannya
3. Tentang Kaffarah Nadzar
4. Tentang Bernadzar untuk Berjalan ke Baitul Haram
5. Tentang Bernadzar untuk Berpuasa Secara Bersambung
6. Tentang Orang yang Bernadzar untuk Berpuasa pada Hari-Hari Tertentu,
tetapi Berbuka pada Sebagian Hari
7. Tentang Orang yang Bernadzar untuk Membebaskan Budak
8. Tentang Nadzar Maksiat
9. Seputar Nadzar Mubah
10. Perihal Menadzarkan Sesuatu yang Tidak Dimiliki
11. Perihal Nadzar Lajâj dan Ghadab
12. Seputar Penggabungan Antara Nadzar Ketaatan dan Nadzar Lain
13. Tentang Nadzar Mutlak

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪174‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ن‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْﺄﻳْﻤﺎ
‬
‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Sumpah-Sumpah‬‬
‫ﲔ[ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ]‪‬ﻳ ِﻤ ٍ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠﻨ‪ ‬ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﻭ‪ ‬ﹾﻗ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺤ ِﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻼ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴﻤِﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﺳﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺓ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﹰ‬‫ﷲ‪ .‬ﻣﺘ‪ِ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺼ ٍﺪ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ِﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﻧ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻇﻨ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪ ‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ِﺬ ‪‬‬

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‫ﺽ ‪‬ﺣﺪِﻳِﺜ ِﻪ‪ :‬ﻟﹶﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﷲِ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑﻠﹶﻰ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﷲِ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻛ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺫﹶﺍِﺗﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻛ ِﻌ ﹾﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﻠﹶﺎ ِﻣ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻔﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺎﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ٍﻢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﺻِ ﹶﻔ ٍﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ [٨٩‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔّﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔﺎﹼ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤﲔٍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑﻪِ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻋﺰ‪ِ‬ﺗ ِﻪ ﻭ‪ ‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭِﺗ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﻤِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺪ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭﻣِﻴﺜﹶﺎ ِﻗ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻧِﺘ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹾﺬ ِﺭ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹾﻜ ِﻔﲑِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤِﻨﺚﹶ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺮ‪ ‬ﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺬﹶﺍ ﹸﻛﻠﱢ ِﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﺮ‪‬ﺁ ِﻥ ‪‬ﺟﻤِﻴ ِﻌ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻤ‪‬ﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷﻴ‪‬ﺎﺀَ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤ ٍ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ٍﺓ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺓٍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷﻴ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴ ِﻤ ٍ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪ ‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﻳﻤِﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗﹶﺄﻭ‪ ‬ﹶﻝ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻳﻤِﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄﻭِﻳ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻇﹶﺎِﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄ ِﻭﻳ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻚ((‪.‬‬
‫ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Kewajiban Kaffarah terhadap Pelanggar Sumpah‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Istitsnâ` dalam Sumpah‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Orang yang Dipaksa dan Orang yang Lupa Melanggar Sumpah‬‬
‫‪5. Tiada Kaffarah terhadap Sumpah Tentang Hal yang Telah Berlalu‬‬
‫‪6. Tiada Kaffarah terhadap Sumpah yang Tidak Dimaksudkan‬‬
‫‪7. Sumpah adalah dengan Nama atau Sifat Allah, Kecuali Nadzar yang‬‬
‫‪Dimaksudkan Sebagai Sumpah‬‬
‫‪8. Bila Seseorang Bersumpah dengan Seluruh Nama dan Sifat Allah atau‬‬
‫‪dengan Seluruh Al-Qur`an‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪175‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪9. Kewajiban Satu Kaffarah terhadap Sumpah yang Diulangi untuk Satu‬‬
‫‪Perkara dan Satu Kaffarah terhadap Satu Sumpah untuk Banyak Hal‬‬
‫‪10. Kewajiban Beberapa Kaffarah terhadap Beberapa Sumpah yang Berbeda‬‬
‫‪11. Tentang Orang yang Mena’wil Sumpahnya‬‬

‫ب ﺟﺎ
ﻣ
ﻊ ا ْﻟ ﺄ ْﻳﻤﺎ
ن‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Jâmi’ul Aimân ‘Kumpulan Pembahasan Pokok‬‬
‫’‪Tentang Sumpah‬‬
‫ﻼ ‪‬ﻳﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴِﻨﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐﺪ‪‬ﻯ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹾﻔﻆﹸ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠﻒ‪ ‬ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ِﺑ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺶ ‪‬ﻳﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻣﻨ‪ِ‬ﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺣِﻨ ﹶ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻄ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻳﻤِﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻏﺪ‪‬ﺍ ًﺀ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘﺼ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪ ‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺰِﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻣﻨ‪ِ‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻤِﻨ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺣِﻨﺚﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣﻨ‪‬ﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺒِﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑﻤِﺎﹶﺋ ٍﺔ ﹶﻓﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﹶﺄ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻨﺚﹾ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣﻘﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻏﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻳﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﺠ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﻀ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻮﻡ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻳﻐِﻴ ﹸﻈﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃِﺗ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻳﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻈﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺰ ِﻭ ٍ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣِﺎﹶﺋﺔٍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻨ ﹾ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻁ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﻀ ِﺮ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮﺏٍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆِﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ِﺮ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄﻟِﻴ ‪‬ﻤﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴﻘﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣﻘﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻧﻴ‪ِ‬ﺘ ِﻪ ِﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻟﹶﺎﹶﻟِﺘ ِﻪ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫﻴ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ﹰﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋﺪِ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻓﻀ‪ ‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻋﻲ‪ ‬ﻛﹶﺎﻟﺼ‪‬ﻠﹶﺎ ِﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻛﹶﺎ ِﺓ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻤ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻳﻤِﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻇﹶﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹾﻔﻆِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟﻪ‪ ‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻤ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻀِﻴ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻨ ﹾ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎ ِﺳﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺒِﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﻤِﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻋﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺮ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻝ ﻳ‪‬ﻤِﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴﻊِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻤﲑِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺒ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ِﻝ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺑ‪ ‬ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴﻤِﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻳﻤِﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﹶﺎﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻈﱠﻌِﻴ‪‬ﻨ ِﺔ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻤ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﻮﻱ‪ ‬ﺩ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺤ ِﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ِﺑﹶﺄ ﹾﻛ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹸﻞ ِﺷﻮ‪‬ﺍ ًﺀ ‪‬ﺣِﻨ ﹶ‬
‫ﺸﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻳﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴﻤِﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻔﹶﺎ ِﺭ ِﺳﻲ‪ ] ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺧ‪‬ﻮِﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﹸﺄ ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣِﻨ ﹶ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻋﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﹸﺄ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣِﻨ ﹶ‬
‫ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ[‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ٍﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ٍ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴﻤِﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﹶﺎ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺒ ِﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻳﺘ‪‬ﻮﻥِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﻤِ ﹾﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ِﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺰ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺎِﺋ ٍﻊ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ٍﺪ ﻛﹶﺎﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ِﺑﹶﺄ ﹾﻛ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪176‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣِﻨﺚﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺨﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻜﻨ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺗﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻝ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻨ ﹾ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺃ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﺧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻘ ِﻞ ﹸﻗﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺷ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪1. Menjadikan Niat Sebagai Tolok Ukur pada Sumpah yang Mengandung‬‬
‫‪Kemungkinan Serta Beberapa Contohnya‬‬
‫‪2. Menjadikan Sebab Keberadaan Sumpah Sebagai Tolok Ukur Bila Tiada‬‬
‫‪Niat‬‬
‫‪3. Menjadikan Zhahir Lafazh Sumpah Sebagai Tolok Ukur Bila Tiada Niat‬‬
‫‪dan Sebab‬‬
‫‪4. Kedudukan ‘Urf‬‬ ‫‪Syar’i‬‬ ‫‪dalam‬‬ ‫‪Sumpah‬‬ ‫‪Serta‬‬ ‫‪Cabang-Cabang‬‬
‫‪Pembahasannya‬‬

‫ب ﻛ ﻔﺎ ر
ة ا ْﻟ ﻴﻤ
ﻴ
ﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Kaffarah Sumpah‬‬
‫ﺤﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺔ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻄ ِﻌﻤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻠِﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗﻬ‪‬ﺎ )ِﺇ ﹾﻃﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪:n‬‬
‫ﲑﻫ‪‬ﺎ ] ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ[ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄ ِﺧ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺼﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ(‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺨ‪‬ﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ ِﱘ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻱ‪ )) :‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﺄ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺑِﺎﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ((‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺃﹶﻯ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻜﻔﱢ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﻤِﻴِﻨ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﺄ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤ ٍ‬
‫)) ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻠﹶﺎ ﹸﺓ ﻓِﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮﺏ‪ِ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺓ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰﹸﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻜﻔﱢ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﻤِﻴِﻨ ِﻪ((‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻃ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹰﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻣﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰﹸﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﹶ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻄ ِﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻭ ِﺧﻤ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺿﹰ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﻔﱢ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﻓﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﻔﱢ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟﺼ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﻔﱢ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑِﺎﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻮ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻜ ٍﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﺎ ِﺩ ٍﻡ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﺛﹶﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺝ ﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﻧِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﻧ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻋﻴ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹶﻀ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳِﻨﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﺒِﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺷﺮ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻮ ِﻡ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟِﺎ‪‬ﻧِﺘﻘﹶﺎ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺝ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘ ﱡﻞ ِﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭ‪‬ﺁِﻧ‪‬ﻴ ٍﺔ ﻭ‪ِ‬ﺑﻀ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﺘ ٍ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﻜِﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻣِ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Rinciannya‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 177 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

3. Antara Mendahulukan Pembayaran Kaffarah Sumpah atau Pembatalan

Sumpah
4. Kadar Pakaian yang Dijadikan Sebagai Kaffarah
5. Kebolehan Memberi Makan Lima Orang Miskin dan Memberi Pakaian
kepada Lima Orang Miskin
6. Tentang Membebaskan Setengah Kepemilikan Budak Ditambah dengan
Bentuk Kaffarah yang Lain
7. Kaffarah Sumpah bagi Seorang Budak Hanyalah dengan Berpuasa
8. Kapan Seseorang Boleh Membayar Kaffarah Sumpah dengan Puasa?
9. Tentang Orang yang Hanya Menemukan Satu Orang Miskin

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪178‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ت‬
‫ﺠﻨﺎﻳﺎ
‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْ
‬
‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Jinayah‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗﺴ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ٍﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤﹶﺜﻘﱠ ٍﻞ ﹶﻛِﺒﲑٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﻞ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ﹸﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮِﻳ ِﻘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐﺮِﻳ ِﻘ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻘِﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺯ‪‬ﻭﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺼ ِﻐﲑٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺋ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫﻖٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻨ ِﻘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜﺮِﻳ ِﺮ ِﻩ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮِﻟﻲ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻋ‪‬ﺎِﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘﺘ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺁ ‪‬ﺩ ِﻣﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺼ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬﺬﹶﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻧ‪‬ﺤ ِﻮ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ‪ ،‬ﻗﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﻮ ِﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ‪ِ :‬ﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ )) :n‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗﺘِﻴ ﹲﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺩ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔِ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺢ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺗ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺩ ِﺑﹶﺄ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ٍﺔ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺯ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔﺪ‪‬ﻯ((‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺻ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻏﹶﺎِﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓِﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ِ :‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪ ‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺴﺒ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹶﻄﺄﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘﺘ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻔﻀِﻲ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺷ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠﻨ‪‬ﻮ ِﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻮﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻔ ِﺮ ِﺑ ﹾﺌ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻠ ِﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺻﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜﻔﱠﺎﺭِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴﺼِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻈﻨ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮِﺑ‪‬ﻴّﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﻮ ‪‬‬

‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺎﻟﹶﻰ‪a ` _ ^ ] \ [ Z Y
o :‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻔِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹲﺓ ِﺑﻠﹶﺎ ِﺩﻳ‪‬ﺔٍ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬

‫‪] ndcb‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪[٩٢ :‬‬

‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Perihal Membunuh Tanpa Hak Terbagi Tiga‬‬
‫‪3. Definisi dan Ketentuan Pembunuhan Secara Sengaja‬‬
‫‪4. Keberhakan Wali dari Orang yang Terbunuh untuk Memilih Antara‬‬
‫)‪Qishash atau Diyah (Diat‬‬
‫‪5. Kebolehan Shulh untuk Menggugurkan Qishash dengan Cara Melebihkan‬‬
‫‪Bayaran Diyah‬‬
‫‪6. Definisi Pembunuhan Mirip Sengaja‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 179 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

7. Kewajiban Diyah terhadap ‘Âqilah pada Pembunuhan Mirip Sengaja

8. Pembunuhan Tanpa Sengaja dan Dua Bentuknya
9. Hukum terhadap Orang yang Berbuat Sesuatu (Tanpa Maksud
Membunuh) yang Mengakibatkan Kematian Orang Lain
10. Hukum terhadap Orang yang Membunuh Seorang Muslim (yang
Disangka Sebagai Kafir Harby) yang Berada pada Barisan atau Negeri
Kafir Harby

‫ص وا ْﺳﺘ
ﻴﻔﺎ
ﺋ
ﻪ‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ
ﻘﺼﺎ‬

‫ط وﺟﻮ‬

‫ب ﺷﺮو‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Syarat Kewajiban dan Ketentuan Penyelenggaraan
Qishash
:‫ﻁ‬
ٍ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬ ‫ﻁ ِﻟ‬
‫ﺮ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬
.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ ِﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺹ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮ ﹸﻥ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ِﻗﺼ‬‫ﺠﻨ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ ﻭ‬‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﺎ ﺍﻟﺼ‬‫ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‬،‫ﻣ ﹶﻜﻠﱠﻔﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺗ ِﻞ‬ ‫ ﹶﻛ‬:‫ﺎ‬‫ﺪﻫ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍِﻧﻴ‬‫ﻭ ﺯ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻭ ﻗﹶﺎِﺗ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺗﺪ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺮِﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﻣ‬‫ﻌﺼ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﺩ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺁ‬‫ﻤ ﹾﻘﺘ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ ﹶﻛ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‬
.‫ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻭ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩ ﹾﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺼﻨ‬
 ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺘ ﹸﻞ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﻧﺜﹶﻰ‬‫ﻭ ﹸﺃ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻢ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛﺮ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﻢ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﺘ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻴ ﹾﻘ‬‫ ﹶﻓ‬،ِ‫ﻣﻜﹶﺎ ِﻓﺌﹰﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﻘﹶﺎِﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬‫ﻤ ﹾﻘﺘ‬ ‫ ﹸﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ ﹶﻛﻮ‬:‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺘ ﹸﻞ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻲ‬‫ ﺑِﺎﻟﺬﱢﻣ‬،‫ﻲ‬‫ﺘ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﱢﻣ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬‫ﻭ‬ ((‫ﻦ ِﺑﻜﹶﺎ ِﻓ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﺆ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹸﻞ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ ))ﻟﹶﺎ‬:n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬،ٍ‫ﻢ ِﺑﻜﹶﺎ ِﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،ٍ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌﺒ‬ ‫ ِﺑ‬‫ﺣﺮ‬
.‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﺘ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺪ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﺴ ِﻠﻢ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺬﱢﻣ‬
‫ﻮ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،ٌ‫ﺍﺀ‬‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﹶﺍ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻥ ﻓِﻲ‬‫ﺑﻮ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬‫ ﻭ‬.‫ﺳ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺍِﻟ‬‫ﺘ ﹸﻞ ﻭ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ‬،ِ‫ﻮﻝ‬‫ﻤ ﹾﻘﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬‫ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃﺑ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ‬:‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺍِﺑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮ‬
.‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ‬
ِ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻪ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﹶﻟﺪ‬ ‫ ِﻡ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺪ‬‫ﻭِﻟﻲ‬

1. Empat Syarat Kewajiban Qishash Secara Global

2. Pertama: Pembunuh Adalah Seorang Mukallaf
3. Kedua: yang Terbunuh Adalah Orang yang Darahnya Ma’shum
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫‪4. Ketiga: yang Terbunuh Adalah Se-Kufu` dengan Pembunuhnya‬‬

‫‪5. Keempat: Pembunuh Bukanlah Ayah dari Orang yang Terbunuh‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬

‫ﻁ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹲﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺯ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺘِﻴﻔﹶﺎِﺋ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺷﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹲ‬
‫ﻁ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻳ‪ ‬‬

‫ﺠ ِﺰ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺘِﻴﻔﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﻓﹶﻰ‬

‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﻠﱠﻒٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺣﻘﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻏﹶ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﻠﱠ ِ‬

‫ﺠ ِﺰ‬
‫ﺐ ﹾﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻏﹶﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺘِﻴﻔﹶﺎِﺋﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹶﺫ ﹾﻥ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻘﱢ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺟﻤِﻴ ِﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺗ‪‬ﻔﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮﻛﹶﺎِﺋ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ﱡﻘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺗ ِﺮ ﹶﻛ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‪‬ﺎﻧِﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻘﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳِﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﹶﻠﹶﺎ ِﻗﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺘِﻴﻔﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍﺭِﻳِﺜ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺹ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺤﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ﺹ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺘِﻴﻔﹶﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻼ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻱ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟِﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺘِﻴﻔﹶﺎﺀِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‪‬ﺎﻧِﻲ ﺣ‪‬ﺎﻣِ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐﻨ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺘِﻴﻔﹶﺎ ُﺀ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ٍ‬

‫‪1. Tiga Syarat Pembolehan Penyelenggaraan Qishash Secara Global‬‬

‫‪2. Pertama: Pemilik Hak Qishash Adalah Seorang Mukallaf‬‬
‫‪3. Kedua: Adanya Kesepakatan‬‬ ‫‪Seluruh‬‬ ‫‪Pemilik‬‬ ‫‪Hak‬‬ ‫‪untuk‬‬
‫‪Menyelenggarakan Qishash‬‬
‫‪4. Ketiga: Keamanan dari Hal Melampaui Batas Saat Penyelenggaraan‬‬
‫‪Qishash‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪181‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻮِﺑ ِﻪ ِﺑﹸﺄﻣ‪‬ﻮ ٍﺭ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ٍﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺣ ﱡﻘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔِ‪،‬‬
‫ﻂ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣﻘﱢ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﻀﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋﻔﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑﻌ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻝ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ﱡﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﺪ ِﻩ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩ ِﻣ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺗ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺗ ِﺮ ﹶﻛِﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﹶﺎﺗ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺗ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻤ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﻂ ِﻗﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻠ ِﻪ ِﺑ ِﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ِﺑ ِﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗﺸ‪‬ﺎﺣ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻓِﻲ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺘِﻴﻔﹶﺎ ِﺀ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟﺄﹶﻭ‪‬ﻝِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟِﻠﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﻒ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨﻖِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤﺜﱠ ﹸﻞ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺹ ﺑِﺎﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻓﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪ِ ‬ﻝ ﻓﹶ ِﻠﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺘِﻴﻔﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Tiga Hal yang Menggugurkan Qishash Secara Global‬‬
‫‪2. Pertama: Adanya Pemaafan dari Pemilik Hak Qishash‬‬
‫‪3. Kedua: Bila Si Pembunuh atau Anaknya Mewarisi Hak Penuntutan‬‬
‫‪Darah‬‬
‫‪4. Ketiga: Jika Si Pembunuh Meninggal‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Pembunuh Dua Orang‬‬
‫‪6. Cara dan Ketentuan Penyelenggaraan Qishash‬‬

‫ك ﻓ
ﻲ ا ْﻟ ﻘ ْﺘ
ﻞ‬
‫ب اﻟ
ﺎ ْﺷ
ﺘﺮا
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Perserikatan dalam Pembunuhan‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﺘِﻴ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻔ ِﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹸﺔ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣﺪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟﹸﺄ‪‬ﺑﻮ‪ِ‬ﺗ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻣﻜﹶﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﻘﹾ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺠ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﺧ‪‬ﺎ ِﻃﺌﹰﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﻠﱠ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻛﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ِﻖ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣِﺎﹶﺋﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹸﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻞ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪182‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﻗ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗﺪ‪ ‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﹶﺎِﺗﻠﹶﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻴ‪ِ ‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ‪‬ﱘ‬
‫ﺢ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﺍِﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﺃ ِﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ ﹸﻗ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎ ِﻃ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺫِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺗ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻭ‪‬ﻝﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﺫ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ‪‬ﳝ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪ ‬ﺰ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ِﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﺃ ِﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﺷ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆﺩ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻞ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳﻤ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ِﺇ‪‬ﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻞ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻗﹸِﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺗ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣِﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ِﻣﺮِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Penegakan Qishash terhadap Sekelompok Pembunuh Satu Orang‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪Bila Qishash Salah Seorang di Antara Mereka Digugurkan‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪Tentang Orang yang Dipaksa untuk Membunuh‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪Tentang Orang yang Dipaksa untuk Membunuh Secara Berserikat‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪Jika Orang yang Memerintahkan untuk Membunuh Tidak Mengetahui‬‬
‫‪Tentang Keharaman Pembunuhan‬‬
‫‪6. Perihal Orang yang Memegang Seseorang untuk Dibunuh oleh Orang‬‬
‫‪Lain‬‬

‫ح‬
‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻘ ﻮ
د
ﻣ ﻦ ا ْﻟ ﺠﺮو
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Qawad terhadap Luka-Luka‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹾﻔ ِﻦ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ٍﻮ ِﺑ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺹ ﻓِﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻥ‬
‫ﻚ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ِﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻠﱢﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﺪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ‪‬ﻧﹶﺜ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ِﺑ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ٍﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﻬِﻲ‬
‫ﺠﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﺄﹶ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻱ ِﺑﹶﺄ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠِﻨﻲ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣﻜﹶﺎﻓِﺌﹰﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﺠ‪‬ﺎﻧِﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓِﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﻈﹶﺎ ِﻡ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻋ ِﺪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﻬِﻲ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻈﻢِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺔٍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺔ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬‫ﻕ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺔﹶ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺃﹶ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺿ‪‬ﻰ ِﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﹾﺃ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ﹶﻔ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺷﺠ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﹾﻔﻠﹶﻰ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
‫ﺿﻊِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎﻭِﻱ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟِﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺸ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺸﻠﱠﺎﺀَ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹲﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻠ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﺳﻦ‪ِ ‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﻛﹶﺎ ِﻣ ﹶﻠ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﺻ‪‬ﺎِﺑ ِﻊ ِﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ِﺇ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺔ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹸﺃ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﺔ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟﻜﹶﺎ ِﻣﻠﹶ ِﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻠﱠﺎ ُﺀ ﺑِﺎﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 183 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

1. Definisinya
2. Kewajiban Qawad pada Setiap Anggota Tubuh dengan Hal yang
Semisalnya
3. Ketentuan Qawad Adalah pada Hal yang Memungkinkan
4. Tiga Syarat Pelaksanaan Qawad
5. Hal-hal yang Tidak Bisa Di-qawad
6. Tentang Kesamaan dalam Qawad

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﻒ‬
ِ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﺍ ِﺀ ﻛﹶﺎﻟﻨ‬‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﺭ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﻘﺪ‬ ،‫ﻭ ﹸﺃ ﹸﺫِﻧ ِﻪ ﺃﹸ ِﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺸ ﹶﻔِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷ ﹶﻔِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺭِﻧ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻭ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎِﻧ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺾ ِﻟﺴ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹸﻗ ِﻄ‬
‫ﻪ ﺇﺫﹶﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﻧِﻲ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻠ‬‫ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‬‫ﻦ ِﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﺮ‬ ‫ ِﻪ‬‫ﺾ ِﺳﻨ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ ِﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﻂ ِﻣ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻪ ﹸﺃ ِﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺕ ِﺩ‬
 ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﺃ ِﺧ ﹶﺬ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤ ِﻮ ِﻫﻤ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺚ‬
ِ ‫ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠ‬‫ﻭ‬
،‫ﺭ ﹲﺓ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﺩ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ ِﺳﺮ‬ ،‫ﺮﺃﹶ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺡ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﻣ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮ ِﺩﻫ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺱ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻴﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬‫ﺘﺺ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻬ‬ ‫ﻧ ِﻘﻠﹶﺎ‬‫ﻦ ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸﺃ ِﻣ‬
.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬
 ‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﺮِﺋﻬ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻗ‬‫ﺻﻬ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ ِﻗﺼ‬‫ﻮ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪ‬‫ﺹ ﻭ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ ﹲﺔ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻀﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠﻨ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ ِﺳﺮ‬
1. Tentang Jinayah terhadap Sebagian Anggota Tubuh
2. Qishash terhadap Pelaku yang Memecahkan Sebagian Gigi Serta
Ketentuannya
3. Qishash pada Luka Dilaksanakan Setelah Luka Itu Sembuh
4. Kematian yang Terjadi Karena Qishash Tidaklah Mengharuskan Adanya
Qishash dan Diyah
5. Kematian yang Terjadi Karena Jinayah Adalah Dijamin dengan Qishash
dan Diyah

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪184‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ت‬
‫ﺪﻳﺎ
‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟ
‬
‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Diyah‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ‬
‫ﻒ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫ ٍﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻣِﺎﹶﺋ ﹲﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑﻞِ‪ِ ،‬ﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﺛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ﹾﺜﻘﹶﺎ ٍﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ ‪‬ﻫ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻢ ﹶﺃﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣﻞﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﻜﹸﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺗﻞِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﺷ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫‪‬ﻋﻤ‪ٍ ‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﺣﻘﱠ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻋ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑﻌ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ِﻠ ﹶﻔ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻄٍﺄ‬
‫ﺱ ﻛﹸﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ٍﺔ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠﹸﺜﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ِ‬
‫ﺙ ِﺳِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳﻨ‪‬ﺎِﻧﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﺪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟﺒ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﺑ‪ ‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺨ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣﺨ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟﻚ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔِ‪،‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﻞِ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﺴ‪‬ﺎﻭِﻱ ِﺟﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺟﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻋ ﹰﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺣﻘﱠ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠﻢِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ .‬ﻭ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜﺘ‪‬ﺎِﺑﻲ‪ِ ‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ﺯ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻒِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪ ‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺑ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ﹰﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ِﺳﻲ‪ ‬ﹶﺛﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻧﻤِﺎﹶﺋ ِﺔ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫﻢٍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻴﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻏﺮ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺔٍ‪ ،‬ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠِﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪٍ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﹾ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻓﻔِﻴ ِﻪ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺙ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺟﻨِﻴ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻏﺮ‪ ‬ﹲﺓ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ِﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺩﻭ‪‬ﺍ ًﺀ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮﺭ‪‬ﻭﹶﺛ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺷ ِﺮ‪‬ﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺣﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺔٍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺔٍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓﻔِﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ِﻛﺘ‪‬ﺎِﺑ‪‬ﻴّﺎ ﹶﻓﻔِﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠِﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺶ ﻓِﻲ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻳﻌِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ِﺔ ﹶﻓﻔِﻴ ِﻪ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹲﺔ ﻛﹶﺎ ِﻣ ﹶﻠ ﹲﺔ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺳﻘﹸﻮ ﹸﻃ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ٍ‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Kadar Diyah Seorang Muslim Bebas yang Berupa Emas, Perak, dan Unta‬‬
‫‪3. Kewajiban Diyah pada Harta Orang yang Membunuh Secara Sengaja‬‬
‫‪4. Kewajiban Diyah pada Harta Âqilah dalam Pembunuhan Mirip Sengaja‬‬
‫‪5. Kewajiban Diyah pada Harta Âqilah dalam Pembunuhan Tanpa Sengaja‬‬
‫‪Serta Penjelasan Kadar Diyah-nya‬‬
‫‪6. Penjelasan bahwa Diyah Perempuan Adalah Setengah dari Diyah Laki-‬‬
‫‪Laki‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Diyah Ahli Kitab Laki-Laki‬‬
‫‪8. Tentang Diyah Ahli Kitab Perempuan‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 185 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

9. Tentang Diyah Majusi Laki-Laki

10. Tentang Diyah Majusi Perempuan
11. Tentang Diyah Budak Laki-Laki dan Perempuan
12. Tentang Diyah Janin Orang Bebas
13. Tentang Diyah Janin Budak
14. Tentang Diyah Janin (dari Ibu Hamil yang Terkena Jinayah) yang
Dilahirkan dalam Keadaan Hidup, tetapi Kemudian Meninggal

‫ب ا ْﻟﻌﺎ
ﻗﻠ
ﺔ وﻣﺎ ﺗ ْﺤ
ﻤﻠ ﻪ‬

 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab ‘Âqilah dan Tanggungannya
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ِﻘ‬‫ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻭ‬‫ﺠﻨ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ ﻭ‬‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟِﻲ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﺼ‬‫ﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺐ ﻭ‬
ِ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻢ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌِﻴ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻢ ﹶﻗﺮِﻳ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺗ ِﻞ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠ‬‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺽ‬
 ‫ﻴ ﹾﻔ ِﺮ‬‫ ﹶﻓ‬،ِ‫ﺎﻡ‬‫ﺎ ِﺩ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‬‫ﺟِﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﻢ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ‬‫ﻪ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺤ ِﻤ ﹸﻠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗ ﹾﻘﺪِﻳ ِﺮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺩِﻳ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻒ ﺩِﻳ‬
 ‫ﺎِﻟ‬‫ﻳﺨ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻗ ﹶﻠ ﹸﺔ‬‫ﺤ ِﻤ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎ ِﻗ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻟﻪ‬‫ﻦ ﻟﹶﺎ ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻓِﻲ‬‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺪ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛﺬﹶِﻟ‬ ،ِ‫ﻌﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻭﻣ‬ ،‫ﺸﻖ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻬ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﺪ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻗ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ِﻟ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻋ‬ ،ِ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﱢﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻗ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺘﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠﺚ‬‫ﺎ ﺩ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﹰﺎ‬‫ﻋِﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻ ﹾﻠﺤ‬
 ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬
.‫ﺎ‬‫ﺪﻫ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺅ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺮ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻳِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ِﺟﻨ‬
1. Definisi ‘Âqilah
2. Siapa Saja yang Tergolong ke dalam ‘Âqilah?
3. Siapa yang Menanggung Kadar Diyah yang Ditanggung oleh ‘Âqilah?
4. Pembunuh Menanggung Diyah yang Belum Dilunasi oleh ‘Âqilah, dan
Pembunuh yang Tidak Memiliki ‘Âqilah
5. Bentuk Diyah yang Tidak Ditanggung oleh ‘Âqilah
6. ‘Âqilah di Kalangan Ahludz Dzimmah
7. Tiada ‘Âqilah bagi Murtad, Orang yang Memeluk Islam Setelah Jinayah,
dan Perpindahan Walâ`
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪186‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺠﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﺟﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒِﺘ ِﻪ ]ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ[ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔﺪِ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴ‪ ‬ﺪ ِﺑﹶﺄ ﹶﻗﻞﱢ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺷ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺋ ِﺪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﻖ‬
‫ﺺ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‪‬ﺎﻧِﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ ِﺟﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﻢ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﻳ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ِﺇ‪‬ﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻛ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻧِﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻯ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ِﻄﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِﻣ ﹾﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ‪‬ﻴ ِﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓ ِﻤﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺩ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻧﻬ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺟﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻃﺮِﻳ ٍﻖ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪1. Diyah pada Jinayah yang Dilakukan oleh Budak Serta Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Jinayah Hewan dan Rinciannya‬‬

‫ح‬
‫ت ا ْﻟ ﺠﺮا
‬
‫ب
دﻳﺎ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Diyah Luka-Luka‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﺮ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷﻤ‪ِ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘ ِﻠ ِﻪ‬
‫ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓﻔِﻴ ِﻪ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻛ ِﻠﺴ‪‬ﺎِﻧ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِﻔ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻌ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻮِﻳ ِﺪ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺟ‪‬ﺎِﻧِﺒ ِﻪ ‪ -‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺮ ِﻩ ‪ -‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸِﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﻠﹶﺎ ِﻣ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻄ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴِﺘ ِﻪ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹲﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴﺌﹶﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﻓﻔِﻴ ِﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ِﺳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻏﹶﺎِﺋ ِﻄﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻬ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﺪ‪‬ﻳﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ﹾﻄﻠﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ‪‬ﻧﹶﺜ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻔﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻠﱢ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻦِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟﻔﹶﺎ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﺪ‪‬ﺍِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒ ٍﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹲﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺓﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﺎِﺑ ِﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﺎِﺑ ِﻊ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ِﺇ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫﺪ‪‬ﺍِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ِﻞ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ِﺳﻦ‪ ‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻔِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻠ ٍﺔ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻠ ٍﺔ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴﻮِﻳ ِﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﻔ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻛﹶ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻇ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻒ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺼﻲ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳِﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺷﻞﱢ ِﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﺪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﺫﻟِ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ِﻮ ﹸﻛﻠﱢﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻱ ﺩ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤِﺘ ِﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﻔِﺘ ِﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺀ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ﺩ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﻨ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪187‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺻﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ِﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃ ﹸﺫ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ُﻷ ﹸﺫ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺩ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃﺭ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺒِﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺍِﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﺻ‪‬ﺎِﺑ ِﻊ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣﻜﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺷﻞﱢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎ ِﻣ ﹶﻠ ﹲﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Kewajiban Satu Diyah pada Anggota Tubuh yang Satu pada Manusia‬‬
‫‪2. Kewajiban Satu Diyah pada Dua Anggota Tubuh Kembar pada Manusia‬‬
‫‪3. Kewajiban Satu Diyah untuk Empat Pelupuk Mata‬‬
‫‪4. Kewajiban Satu Diyah untuk Empat Bola Mata‬‬
‫‪5. Kewajiban Satu Diyah untuk Jari-Jari Kedua Tangan‬‬
‫‪6. Kewajiban Satu Diyah untuk Jari-Jari Kedua Kaki‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Diyah Ruas Jari-Jemari‬‬
‫‪8. Tentang Diyah Gigi‬‬
‫‪9. Tentang Diyah Sebagian Anggota Tubuh yang Dihilangkan‬‬
‫‪10. Tentang Diyah Anggota Tubuh yang Cacat atau Memiliki Kekurangan‬‬

‫ﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ج و ﻏ ْﻴ
‬
‫ب اﻟ
ﺸﺠﺎ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Syijâj dan Selainnya‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺷﻘ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ‬
‫ﺸﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﹸﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﹾﺃ ِ‬
‫ﺝ‪ِ :‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺟﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹾﻠﺪِ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻠﹶﺎ ِﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻀﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﺯﹶﻟ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨ ِﺰ ﹸﻝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬
‫ﺲ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﻗِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﺭﻗِﻴ ﹶﻘﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻈ ِﻢ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻢِ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻤﺤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺹ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻈ ِﻢ ‪‬ﻭﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬‫ﺹ ِﺑﺤ‪‬ﺎﻝٍ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ِﻗﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺸ‪ ‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑﻞِ‪ ،‬ﺛﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻘﱢ ﹶﻠ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ﺗ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻈ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬﺸ‪ ‬ﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺷ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ﺗ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺚ‬
‫ﻍ ‪‬ﻭﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ِﺟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﺪّﻣ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪ِ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈِﺑﻞِ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﺄﻣ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻘ ﹸﻞ ِﻋﻈﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺮ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ﺟ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ﹶﻔﺘ‪‬ﺎﻥِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‪‬ﺎِﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻮﻑِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ﹶﻔ ِﺔ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﻀّ ﹶﻠ ِﻊ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻌﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺮﻗﹸ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻌﲑ‪‬ﺍﻥِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ ِﻌ ‪‬ﺮﺓٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ِﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﺭ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﻓِﻲ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫ﺠِﻨ ‪‬ﻲّ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻛﹶﺄﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﹶﺎ ِﺟﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃﺕ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓﻔِﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺣﻜﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪188‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺵ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻘﺪ‪‬ﺭِ‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬

‫ﻀ ٍﻮ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﺪ‪ٍ ‬ﺭ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﺎ ِﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻄ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳِﺘ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺔ ﻓﹶﻼ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬‫ﺸﺠ‪ ‬ﻪ ﺩ‪‬ﻭﻥﹶ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Sembilan Jenisnya‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Diyah dan Qishashnya‬‬
‫‪4. Perihal Diyah pada Sobekan di Lambung‬‬
‫‪5. Seputar Diyah Kebotakan‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Diyah Tulang Selangka‬‬
‫‪7. Perihal Diyah Pergelangan Tangan‬‬
‫‪8. Hukûmah serta Ketentuannya‬‬

‫ب ﻛ ﻔﺎ ر
ة ا ْﻟ ﻘ ْﺘ
ﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Kaffarah Pembunuhan‬‬
‫ﺤﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺔ‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺓﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﺟِﻨ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺫﻣ‪‬ﻴّﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﻓِﻴﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻓِﻲ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺳﻘﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺼﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑِ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺑ ﹰﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﷲِ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٌﺀ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﻠﱠﻔﹰﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﻠﱠ ٍ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫‪‬ﺗﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﺎﺗ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺓﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣِﺒ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ﹶﻠِﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧﺮِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﻗﻔﹰﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳ‪‬ﺎِﺋﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﺮ‬
‫ﺿﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺿﻴ‪ٍ ‬ﻖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻮﻗﹸﻮ ِﻓ ِﻪ ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎ ِﻋ ِﺪ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﻃﺮِﻳ ٍﻖ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ﹶﻠِﺘ ِﻪ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺑ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻗ ِ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻨِﻴ ِﻖ‬
‫ﺿﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﺑﺘِﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ﹶﻠِﺘ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺭﻣ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹲﺔ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ﹶﻔّﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺼ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹲﺓ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺣﺼ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﺘِﻴ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻭﺑ‪‬ﺎﻗِﻲ‬
‫ﺚ ِﺩ‪‬ﻳِﺘ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻣﻘﹶﺎ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ِﺔ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻠﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
‫ﻚ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻝ ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Ketentuan Seputar Golongan yang Wajib Membayarnya‬‬
‫‪2. Penjelasan Bentuknya‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 189 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

3. Keumuman Cakupan Kaffarah

4. Bila Dua Orang Bertabrakan Lalu Keduanya Meninggal
5. Bila Dua Kuda Bertabrakan Lalu Keduanya Mati
6. Jika Tabrakan Terjadi pada Kondisi Salah Satu Berjalan, Sedang Satu yang
Lain Diam
7. Kalau Tiga Orang Melempar Manjanîq yang Mengakibatkan Kematian
8. Kalau Lebih dari Tiga Orang Melempar Manjanîq yang Mengakibatkan
Kematian

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻘﺴﺎ ﻣ
ﺔ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Qasamah
‫ﻗﹶﺎ‬‫ﺘ ﹶﻔﺮ‬‫ﺮ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ‬‫ﻧ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻠﻘﹶﺎ ِﻗ‬‫ﻬ ٍﻞ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺪ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺼ ﹶﺔ‬
 ‫ﺤﻴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺞ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ‬
ٍ ‫ﺧﺪِﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻓ‬‫ﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹾﺜ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃﺑِﻲ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻬ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻯ‬‫ﺭﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻨ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬)) :n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬،ِ‫ﺩ ِﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴﻬ‬‫ﻮﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻬﻞٍ ﻓﹶﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺪ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺨ ِﻞ ﹶﻓ ﹸﻘِﺘ ﹶﻞ‬
 ‫ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﻨ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻥ‬‫ﻳﻤ‬‫ﺩ ِﺑﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴﻬ‬‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﺮﹸﺋ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ )) ﹶﻓ‬:‫؟ ﹶﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬‫ﺤ ِﻠﻒ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻩ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬:‫ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‬.((‫ِﺘ ِﻪ‬‫ﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻢ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺟ ٍﻞ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭﻛﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺟ ٍﻞ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺅ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭِﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻰ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺪ ﹶﻗﺘِﻴ ﹲﻞ ﻓﹶﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻤﺘ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬.‫ﺒ ِﻠ ِﻪ‬‫ﻦ ِﻗ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬n ‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﻩ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺩ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬.‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻡ ﹸﻛﻔﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ ﹶﻗ‬:‫ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‬.((‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ِﻣ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﻤِﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ُﺀ‬‫ﻭِﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ‬،‫ﺒﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻫ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺭ‬‫ﻧﺼ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺙ ﹶﻛﻤ‬
‫ﻮ ﹲ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹲﺓ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻒ‬
ِ ‫ﺤ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬،‫ﻳﺔﹸ‬‫ﻢ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ ﹶﻜﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﹶﻓ‬‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻧ‬،‫ﺑ ِﺮﺉ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺣﻠﹶ‬ ‫ﺤ ِﻠﻔﹸﻮﺍ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬،‫ﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﱡﻮﺍ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،ٍ‫ﺍ ِﺣﺪ‬‫ﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺴﻤ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،ِ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‬
ِ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻡ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻴ ِﻤ‬‫ﺍ ِﺑ‬‫ﺿﻮ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹾﻟ‬
.‫ﺉ‬
 ‫ﺑ ِﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﺣ‬‫ﺎ ﻭ‬‫ﻳﻤِﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﺙ ﺣ‬
‫ﻮ ﹲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹲﺓ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﹶﻟ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Hadits yang Merupakan Dasar Hukumnya
3. Syarat Terjadinya
4. Konsekuensi dan Cara Pelaksanaannya

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪190‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫د‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْﺤﺪو
‬
‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Hudud‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮﱘِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻘِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻧ‪‬ﺎِﺋ‪‬ﺒﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴ‪ ‬ﺪ ﹶﻓِﺈﻥﱠ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻒ ﻋ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ٍﻢ ﺑﺎِﻟﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪ِ ‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜﻠﱠ ٍ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻲ‬
‫ﺠ ِﻠ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ((‪ .‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ِ)) :n‬ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹾﻠ ِﺪ ﺧ‪‬ﺎﺻ‪ ‬ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺭﻗِﻴ ﹶﻘ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﻦ‪ِ ‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹾﻠ ِﺪ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪ِ ‬ﺮ ﹶﻗ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺓِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣﻜﹶﺎ‪‬ﺗِﺒ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣِﺘ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬ﺟﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻗِﻴ ِﻖ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪ ‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Syarat Orang yang Dikenai Hudud‬‬
‫‪3. Penegakan Hudud Adalah Wewenang Imam atau Wakil Imam‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Penegakan Had Seorang Tuan terhadap Budaknya Serta‬‬
‫‪Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪5. Had Seorang Budak Adalah Seperdua Had Orang Bebas‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Keguguran Had terhadap Orang yang Rujuk dari Iqrâr-nya‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺠﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺘ‪‬ﻘﹶﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﹶﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺟﺪِﻳ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻠﻖٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﺠ ﹾﻠ ِﺪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﺍﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺮِﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺪ‪ ‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺛﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻗﹶﺎِﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﹾ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺟ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﻧِﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻠ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﺯ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ] ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ[ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻠﻲ‪ z ‬ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ِﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ﹸﺃﺧ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮﺃﹶ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ((‪ .‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟِﻠﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺪﺗ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺸِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣﺪِﻳﹶﺜ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺪ ِﺑِﻨﻔﹶﺎﺱٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﹰﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﻋِﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹲﻥ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺩ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻐ ٍ‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Beberapa Ketentuan dalam Hal Mencambuk‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 191 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

2. Laki-laki Dicambuk dalam Keadaan Berdiri, Sedangkan Perempuan

Dicambuk dalam Posisi Duduk
3. Tentang Mencambuk Orang Sakit

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﺤﺪ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺭ‬‫ﻕ ِﻣﺮ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻰ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺯﻧ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﻫ‬ ‫ﺎِﺋ‬‫ﻂ ﺳ‬
‫ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹲﻞ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻗ‬‫ﺎﻟﹶﻰ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ ِﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ‬
‫ﺭﹸﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻬ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬‫ﺧﻒ‬ ‫ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬‫ﺧﻒ‬ ‫ﺪﹸﺃ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺖ ﹸﻛﱡﻠﻬ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮ ِﻓ‬‫ﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺍ‬‫ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻗ‬
ٍ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﻨ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺩ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍﺟ‬ ،‫ﺍ ِﺣﺪ‬‫ ﻭ‬‫ﺤﺪ‬
 ‫ﹶﻓ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﻫ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬
ٍ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺡ‬
ٍ ‫ﻭ ِﻃ ﹶﺊ ﻓِﻲ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ِﻩ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺷ‬‫ﻪ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﻳ ٍﺔ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺎ ِﺭ‬‫ﻰ ِﺑﺠ‬‫ﺯﻧ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟﻮ‬ ،ِ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺒﻬ‬‫ﺩ ﺑِﺎﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺤﺪ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﱢ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺼ ِﻪ ِﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﺨﻠِﻴ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻝ ﹶﻏ ِﺮ ِﳝ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ‬‫ﻦ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻟ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻪ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ ٍﻝ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﻦ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻕ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
.‫ﺤﺪ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬
1. Bila Seseorang Melanggar Beberapa Hudud, Had Bunuh Telah
Menggugurkan Hudud yang Lain
2. Had Hanya Diterapkan Sekali terhadap Orang yang Berzina dan Mencuri
Berulang Kali yang Belum Pernah Di-had
3. Bila Seseorang Melanggar Beberapa Had Selain Had Bunuh, Penerapan
Seluruh Had Dimulai dengan yang Teringan
4. Hudud Tertolak Karena Adanya Syubhat Serta Beberapa Contoh
Pembahasannya

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻑ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺹ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻗﺼ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﹶﺄ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻡ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺠﹶﺄ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺮ ِﻡ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺎ ِﺭ‬‫ﺍ ﺧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻰ ﺣ‬‫ﻦ ﹶﺃﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺰ ِﻭ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺍ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃﺗ‬ ،ِ‫ﻪ ﻓِﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ِ‫ﻲ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻓ‬‫ﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻡ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻚ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ‬ ،‫ﺎﺭِﻱ‬‫ﻳﺸ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺎِﻳ‬‫ﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟ ِﻜ‬،‫ﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬
.‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺍ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻦ ﺩ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪192‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫‪1. Tentang Penegakan Hudud di Tanah Haram‬‬

‫‪2. Tentang Penegakan Hudud di Negeri Harby‬‬

‫ﺰﻧﻰ‬
‫ب ﺣ
ﺪ اﻟ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Had Zina‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺑﻪِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺒ ٍﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺑ ٍﺮ ِﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ٍﺓ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻠ ﹸﻜﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻏﻠﹶﺎﻡٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻓ ِﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰّﺍﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻔﹶﺎ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ )) :n‬ﺧﺬﹸﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺼﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻋ‪‬ﺎﻡٍ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣِﺎﹶﺋ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐﺮِﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪ ‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺑِﺎﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﻋ‪‬ﺎﻡٍ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺒ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟِﺒ ﹾﻜ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣِﺎﹶﺋ ٍﺔ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐﺮِﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻦ‪ ‬ﺳﺒِﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪‬ﻋﻨ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹸﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻋﻨ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺒ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِﻧﻜﹶﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ﹸﻎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻃﺊﹶ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰﺔ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻔﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻢ((‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﹾ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑ ِﺬ ﹾﻛ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺣﻘِﻴ ﹶﻘِﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ِﺭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻝ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺑﻪِ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤِﻴ ٍ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺘ‪ِ ‬ﻔﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ِﺑ ِﺰﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﻠ ٍ‬
‫ﺼﻔﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺠِﻴﺌﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪‬ﺍ ٍﺭ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﻭ ٍﻝ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪1. Definisi Pezina‬‬
‫‪2. Ketentuan Had bagi Pezina Muhshan dan Bukan Muhshan‬‬
‫‪3. Definisi Muhshan‬‬
‫‪4. Pembuktian Perzinaan Adalah dengan Dua Hal‬‬
‫‪5. Pertama: Berdasarkan Pengakuan Pezina‬‬
‫‪6. Kedua: Berdasarkan Empat Saksi‬‬

‫ف‬
‫ب ﺣ
ﺪ ا ْﻟ ﻘ ﺬ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫’‪Bab Had Qadzaf ‘Tuduhan‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻃﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ِﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺓﹸ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺛﻤ‪‬ﺎِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭﻣ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹶﺎ ِﻋ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ ﹶﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻔﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ﹸﻎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫﻮ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘﺬﹸﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹾ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻃﹶﺎﹶﻟﺒ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋﻔﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﺟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹰﺔ ﺑِ ﹶﻜ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ٍﺓ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻗ ﹶﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 193 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

1. Syarat Penegakan Hukum Cambuk Delapan Puluh Kali terhadap

Penuduh
2. Tentang Orang yang Meng-qadzaf Perempuan yang Di-li’ân dan Anak
Perempuan Tersebut
3. Tentang Orang yang Meng-qadzaf Sekelompok Orang dengan Satu
Kalimat

‫ﺮ‬

‫ب ﺣ
ﺪ ا ْﻟ ﻤ ْﺴ
ﻜ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Had Muskir ‘Hal yang Memabukkan’
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ ِﻠﻴ‬ ‫ ِﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ‬،‫ﺪﺓﹰ‬ ‫ﺟ ﹾﻠ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺑ ِﻌ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺤﺪ‬
 ‫ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ ِﻠ‬ -‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻜ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﹶﻛِﺜ‬‫ﺎِﻟﻤ‬‫ﺍ ﻋ‬‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﺨﺘ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛﹸﺜ‬ ‫ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ﹶﺃ‬- ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻜ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺷ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺎِﻧ‬‫ﺮ ﹶﺛﻤ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺑ ِﻌ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻭﹶﺃﺑ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺑ ِﻌ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬n ‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺟ ﹶﻠ‬ :‫ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ،‫ﺑ ِﻌﲔ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﺒ ﹶﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻋ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻮﻟِﻴ‬ ‫ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ ﹶﻠ‬ z
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﺕ ﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ ِﻣ‬‫ﻦ ﹶﺃﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﲑ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ‬
‫ﺼ‬ِ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍ ٌﺀ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ ِﺇﹶﻟﻲ‬‫ﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ ﹲﺔ‬‫ﺳﻨ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱞﻞ‬
‫ﺕ‬
ٍ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟ ﹶﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ))ﻟﹶﺎ‬:n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬:‫ﺩ ﹶﺓ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻯ ﹶﺃﺑ‬‫ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ ِﻟﻤ‬،ٍ‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺟ ﹶﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺰ‬
.‫ﺪ ﻣِﺎﹶﺋ ﹰﺔ‬ ‫ﺠ ﹶﻠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ّ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﻓِﺈ‬‫ﺮﹶﺃِﺗ ِﻪ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫِﻧﻬ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺍ‬‫ﺎ ِﺭ‬‫ﻳ ﹶﻄﹶﺄ ﺟ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬.((‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺩ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻓِﻲ‬
1. Syarat Penegakan Had terhadap Pemabuk
2. Jumlah Cambukan dalam Had Muskir
3. Keumuman Cakupan Muskir pada Anggur dan Selainnya
4. Definisi dan Ketentuan Ta’zir
5. Adakah Batasan Terbanyak dalam Ta’zir?
6. Tentang Orang yang Menggauli Budak Perempuan Istrinya dengan Seizin
Istrinya
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪194‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺮ ﻗ
ﺔ‬
‫ب ﺣ
ﺪ اﻟ ﺴ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Had Pencurian‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ﺩِﻳﻨ‪‬ﺎ ٍﺭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻴﻦِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺩﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺭﻕِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪‬ﺎﻭِﻱ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎﻝِ‪،‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪‬ﻯ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻗ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻒ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤﻨ‪‬ﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮﺯِ‪ ،‬ﹸﻗ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ِ ‬ﺮ ﹶﻗ ﹸﺔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺣِﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘﻄﹶ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟﻞٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎِﻟﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻟِﻠﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻴﻦِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳﻄﹶﺎِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﻋِﺘﺮ‪‬ﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ﹾﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘﻂﹾ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ﹾﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﻕ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﺎِﻟﻔﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹸﻗ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪1. Syarat-Syarat Penegakan Had Potong Tangan‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪Batasan Tangan yang Dipotong‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪Tentang Menahan Darah yang Mengucur dari Potongan Tangan‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪Tentang Orang yang Mencuri pada Kali Kedua‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪Tentang Orang yang Mencuri pada Kali Ketiga‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪Dua Syarat Pembuktian Terjadinya Pencurian‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫‪Tentang Pensyaratan Adanya Tuntutan dari Korban Pencurian‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪Bila Korban Telah Menghibahkan/Menjual Barang Curian kepada‬‬
‫‪Pencuri‬‬
‫‪9. Bila Terjadi Kekurangan pada Barang Curian‬‬
‫‪10. Kewajiban Pengembalian Barang Curian Setelah Had Ditegakkan‬‬

‫ب ﺣ
ﺪ ا ْﻟ ﻤﺤﺎ
رﺑ
ﻴ ﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Had Muhâribûn‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺀ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹸﻭﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،.‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺱ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺮﺿ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻟِﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻞ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ِﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻠﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺬ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻣﻘﹶﺎ ٍﻡ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤﻨ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻗ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 195 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺩ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﺓ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺒﻞﹶ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹶﻗ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻦ ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻲ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ ِﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹰﻻ‬‫ ﹶﺬ ﻣ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹾﻞ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺒِﻴ ﹶﻞ‬‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺴ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﹶﺃﺧ‬
.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌﻔﹶﻰ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﲔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
 ‫ﺩ ِﻣﻴ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ‬
ِ ‫ﺤﻘﹸﻮ‬
 ‫ﻭﹸﺃ ِﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﹶﻰ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬
1. Definisi Muhâribûn
2. Rincian Bentuk Had Muhâribîn Serta Tingkatan-Tingkatannya
3. Tentang Muhâribûn yang Bertaubat Sebelum Ditangkap
4. Tentang Harta yang Pernah Dirampas oleh Muhâribûn yang Telah
Bertaubat

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬،ِ‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﺇ ﹾﺫِﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻨ ِﺰﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺳﻠﹶﺎﺣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﳝﻪ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺎﹶﻟ‬‫ﻭ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺮِﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺽ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻋ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬

‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻬِﻴ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻊ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻓ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ،ِ‫ﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬
 ‫ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﻓ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬،ِ‫ﻊ ِﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ ِﻞ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺑﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹾﻓ‬

‫ﻴِﺘ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ٍﻥ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻧﺴ‬‫ﺍ ِﺭ ِﺇ‬‫ﻊ ﻓِﻲ ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍﻃﱠ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬
 ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌﻬ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹾﻓ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﻬِﻴ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺎﹶﻟ‬‫ﻦ ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،[‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬
 ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻗﹶﺎِﺗ ِﻠ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ]

‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻣ‬‫ﻋﻬ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻩ ﻓﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹲﻥ‬‫ﻧﺴ‬‫ ِﺇ‬‫ﻋﺾ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،ِ‫ﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬
 ‫ﻪ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ ٍﺓ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘﹶﺄ‬‫ﻪ ِﺑ ِﻌﺼ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻓ‬
 ‫ﺤ ِﻮ ِﻩ ﹶﻓ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺹ ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺼ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ِﻣ‬

.‫ﺎ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬
 ‫ﻩ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﻳ‬‫ﺖ ﹶﺛﻨ‬
 ‫ﺴ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ‬
 ‫ﹶﻓ‬

1. Definisi Shâ`il
2. Kebolehan untuk Melawan Shâ`il Serta Ketentuannya
3. Tentang Dhamân Bila Shâ`il Meninggal
4. Tentang Kesyahidan dan Dhamân untuk Korban Shâ`il yang Terbunuh
5. Bila Shâ`il Berupa Binatang
6. Tentang Dhamân terhadap Kerugian yang Terjadi Karena Membela Diri
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 196 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ل ا ْﻟﺒﺎﻏ
ﻴ ﻦ‬

‫ب
ﻗﺘﺎ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Pembunuhan Bâghîn/Bughât
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹾﻓ ِﻌ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻢ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻣ ِﻬ‬‫ﻧ ﹸﺔ ِﺇﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻌﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،ِ‫ﺼِﺒﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﹶﻟ‬‫ﻭ ﹶﻥ ِﺇﺯ‬‫ﻳﺮِﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻡ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺎ ِﺭﺟ‬‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
،‫ﺍ‬‫ﺷﻬِﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻊ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻓ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ،ِ‫ﺍ ِﻓﻊ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻲ َﺀ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺎِﻟ ِﻬ‬‫ﻒ ﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﺗ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻠ ِﻬ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺁ ﹶﻝ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﻗ‬،ِ‫ﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﺑﻪ‬‫ﺪ ِﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ ِﻞ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ِﺑﹶﺄ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹸﻛﻔﱢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻞ‬‫ﻢ ﹸﻏﺴ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺔﹲ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ ﹸﺫﺭ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻰ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺴﺒ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎﻝﹲ‬‫ﻢ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺢ‬
ٍ ‫ﺟﺮِﻳ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻻ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺪِﺑ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻊ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻳ‬
‫ﺎ ﹶﻝ‬‫ﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺣ‬‫ﺒﻐ‬‫ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻭﻣ‬ ،ٍ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﻭ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺲ ﹶﺃ‬
ٍ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺏ ِﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻒ ﺣ‬
 ‫ﺗ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻴ ِﻦ ﻓِﻴﻤِﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺮِﻳ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬
 ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،ِ‫ﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻠﱢ‬‫ﻭﺻ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻢ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻛ ِﻤ ِﻬ‬‫ﺣ ﹾﻜ ِﻢ ﺣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺾ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻨ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﻴ ِﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻓ ِﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺝ ﹶﻟ‬
ٍ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻭ ﺧ‬ ‫ﻳ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﺯﻛﹶﺎ ٍﺓ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻋ ِﻪ ِﻣ‬‫ﻣِﺘﻨ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
.‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﺣ ﹾﻜ ِﻢ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺾ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻨ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
1. Definisi Baghîn/Bughât
2. Kewajiban Kaum Muslimin untuk Membantu Imam/Pemimpin untuk
Melawan Bughât
3. Bila Perlawanan Mengakibatkan Pembunuhan dan Perugian Harta Kaum
Bughât
4. Tentang Kesyahidan Orang yang Ikut Membantu Imam untuk Melawan
Bughât
5. Beberapa Etika dalam Hal Memerangi Kaum Bughât
6. Tiada Dhamân pada Perugian Materi yang Terjadi dalam Peperangan
7. Tentang Harta yang Diambil oleh Kaum Bughât
8. Tentang Putusan Hakim dari Kaum Bughât

‫ﺮ ﺗ
ﺪ‬
ْ ‫ب ﺣ ْﻜ
ﻢ ا ْﻟ ﻤ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Hukum Murtad
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ ﹶﻝ ﺩِﻳ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ )) :n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹶﻗ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺀ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬‫ﺎﻝِ ﻭ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﹶﺎ ِﻡ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﺗﺪ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮِﻳﻜﹰﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ‬
َ ‫ﺪ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺑِﺎﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺗ‬،‫ﺏ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹸﻞ‬‫ ﹾﻘ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻳ‬ ((‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﹸﻮ‬‫ﻓﹶﺎ ﹾﻗ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 197 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ‬
ِ‫ﺏﺍ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺪ ِﻛﺘ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴّﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻧِﺒ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺳﺒ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻮﹶﻟ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛﺬﱠ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻪ‬‫ﺳﺒ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
َ‫ﺏﺍ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛﺬﱠ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻭﹶﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﻣﻤ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﺗﺪ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ِﺪ ﺍ‬،ِ‫ﺤ ِﺮ ِﳝﻪ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﻤ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻇ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﻞﱠ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،ِ‫ﺳﻠﹶﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺗﺪ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ‬ ،ِ‫ﺎ ِﻗﻞ‬‫ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‬‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﻡ ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﹶﺎ‬ ‫ ِﺇ‬‫ﺼﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹾﻞ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬،‫ﻑ ﹶﺫِﻟﻚ‬
 ‫ﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺕ ﻭ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﺍ ِﺟﺒ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺨﻔﹶﻰ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﹶﺎ ِﻣ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻜ ِﻔﻲ ﻓِﻲ ِﺇ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹸﻗِﺒ ﹶﻞ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺖ ِﺭﺩ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻦ ﺛﹶ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﺑﻠﹸﻮ ِﻏﻪ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﺛﹰﺎ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹾﻞ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﹶﻟ‬
‫ﺪ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻘ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،ِ‫ﺤ ِﻮﻩ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻀ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻓﺮِﻳ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ‬
ٍ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭ ِﻛﺘ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻧِﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺤ ِﺪ‬
‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻩ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹸﻛ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬،ِ‫ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺤﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃﻥﱠ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ُ ‫ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ‬ ‫ِﺇﹶﻟ‬
‫ﺍ ِﺭ‬‫ﺤﻘﹶﺎ ِﺑﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻥ‬‫ﻭﺟ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﺰ‬‫ﺗﺪ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬‫ﺤﺪ‬
 ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ ِﺑﻤ‬‫ﻳ ِﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﺎ‬‫ﺎﺻ‬‫ﺏ ﺧ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺚ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﺑ ِﻌ ﹶ‬ n ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺤﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬
.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﺩ ِﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻕ ﺳ‬
 ‫ﺮﻗﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺳِﺘ‬ ‫ﺯ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳﺠ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ِﺗﻬِﻤ‬‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ِﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻗ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻭِﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻕ‬
 ‫ﺮﻗﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺳِﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﺮﻗﹶﺎ ﹸﻗ‬ ‫ﺳِﺘ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺰ ﺍ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺴِﺒﻴ‬
 ‫ﺏ ﹶﻓ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
1. Definisi Murtad
2. Kewajiban untuk Membunuh Orang Murtad
3. Menawarkan kepada Orang Murtad untuk Bertaubat Sebanyak Tiga Kali
Sebelum Dibunuh
4. Beberapa Hal yang Memurtadkan
5. Tentang Udzur Kejahilan terhadap Pembatal-Pembatal Keislaman
6. Tentang Anak Kecil yang Murtad
7. Tentang Orang Murtad yang Kembali Memeluk Islam Serta Ketentuan
Keislamannya
8. Tentang Suami-Istri yang Murtad Kemudian Melarikan Diri ke Negeri
Harby, Lalu Ditawan oleh Kaum Muslimin

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪198‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫د‬
‫ﺠﻬﺎ
‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْ
‬
‫
‬
‫‪Kitab Jihad‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻒ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ِﻛﻔﹶﺎ‪‬ﻳ ٍﺔ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜﻔِﻲ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﹶﺃﺑِﻲ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹶﻄﻮ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘﻄِﻴ ٍﻊ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ٍﻎ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ٍﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻭ‪ ‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓِﻲ‬
‫ﷲ((‪ .‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﺃﻱ‪‬؟ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻀﻞﹸ؟ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ِ)) :‬ﺇﳝ‪‬ﺎ ﹲﻥ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ :n‬ﹶﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪ :z‬ﺳِﺌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻀﻞﹸ؟ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ )) :‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ :n‬ﹶﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﺳﺒِﻴ ِﻞ ﺍﷲِ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺣﺞ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ((‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺑِﻲ ‪‬ﺳﻌِﻴ ٍﺪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺳِﺌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ((‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ﲟ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺳﺒِﻴ ِﻞ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏﺰ‪ِ ‬ﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐﺰ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﹶﺎ ِﺟﺮٍ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻘﹶﺎِﺗ ﹸﻞ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﻠِﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﻡٍ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺳﺒِﻴ ِﻞ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ِ )) :‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﻁ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑﻌ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺑﻄﹰﺎ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻡ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻗﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِ‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻡ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺳﺒِﻴ ِﻞ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ِﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻩ((‪ .‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ِ )) :‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﺠﻬ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫِﻧ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪ ‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻗ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻔﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ((‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺣﻲ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮﺣ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹾﻘ ِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹲﺓ ﻃﹶﺎ ِﻋ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻦ‪ِ ‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﲑ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻔﹶﺎ ِﺟﹶﺌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﻭ‪ ‬ﻳﺨ‪‬ﺎﻓﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮ ٍﻙ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ِﺔ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ]ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﺣِﺘﻄﹶﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻜ ِﺮ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ٍ‬
‫ﺝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ٍﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻳﺨ‪‬ﺎﻓﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺗﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﺩ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ[ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﺫ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘﺺ‪ِ ‬ﺑﻪِ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹲﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺟ‪‬ﻮ ِﻋ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ِﺪ ِﻩ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪ ‬ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨﻢِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ِﺪﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻨِﻴ ِﻖ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻗﺘ‪‬ﺎﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﻬﻢ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﹶﺃﻏﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺑﻨِﻲ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜﻔﱠﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺒﻴِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻِﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻘﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣﻘﹶﺎِﺗﻠِﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺫﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭﻳ‪ ‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻄ ِﻠﻖِ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻏﹶﺎﺭ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹶﺎِﺗﻠﹸﻮﺍ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ ﻓﹶﺎ ٍﻥ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻨ‪‬ﻮ ﹲﻥ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﻫ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 199 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺮﻗﱠ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ‬ ،‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤﲔ‬

 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺢ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬
 ‫ﺻ ﹶﻠ‬
 ‫ﺭ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨﺘ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺍ ِﺀ ﻭ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻔﺪ‬‫ﻕ ﻭ‬
ِ ‫ﺮﻗﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺳِﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟِﺎ‬‫ﺘ ِﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻝ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻯ ﺍﻟﺮ‬‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻓِﻲ ﹸﺃﺳ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻯ ِﻣ‬‫ﺘﺮ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺎِﻟ ِﻐﲔ‬‫ﻮﺍ ﺑ‬‫ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻧ‬ ‫ ٍﻡ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬‫ﺤﺮ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﺣ ٍﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺫﻭِﻱ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﻲ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ ﹶﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﺔﹲ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻏﻨِﻴ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺎ ٍﻝ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻢ ِﺑﻤ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﹶﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺰ ِﻭ ِﻩ ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ‬ ‫ﲔ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﻏ‬
 ‫ﺘ ِﻌ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻴﺌﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻲ ﺷ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﻄ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹸﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ ﹾﻔﺮِﻳﻖ‬‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﺑِﺎﻟﺘ‬
 ‫ ﺍﹾﻟﻔﹶ‬‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻼ ِﻓ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺨﹶ‬ِ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﺑ‬‫ﺭ ِﺣ ٍﻢ ﹶﻓﺒ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺫﹸﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃﻧ‬
‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﺒِﻴ ِﻞ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻓِﻲ‬
ٍ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،ِ‫ﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻴِﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻭ ٍﺓ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﻂ ِﻟ‬
‫ﻌ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻪ ﻣ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺎ ِﺣ‬‫ﻢ ﺻ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻢ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻝ ﺍﻟﹾ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺏ ِﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻭﻣ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺒِﻴﺴ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻊ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ ِﻬ‬
‫ﻤ ٍﻦ‬ ‫ ِﺔ ِﺑﹶﺜ‬‫ ِﻋﻴ‬‫ﺪ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻩ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‬ ،ِ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺁ ِﺧ ِﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺐ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻤِﻨ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ‬ ‫ﻩ ِﺑﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹸﺬ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ِﻋ ﹾﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻗ‬ ،ِ‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺒﻞﹶ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻗ‬
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺍ‬‫ﺍ ُﺀ ﻣ‬‫ﲑ ﹶﺃﺩ‬
ِ ‫ﻌﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﺳ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ِ‫ﺍ ﻣ‬‫ﻯ ﹶﺃ ِﺳﲑ‬‫ﺘﺮ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻩ‬‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻲ ٍﺀ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ ِﺑ‬‫ﺧ ﹶﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‬ ،ِ‫ﻤِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻩ ِﺑﹶﺜ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹸﺬ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺣِﺒ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﹶﻓ ِﻠﺼ‬
.‫ِﺑ ِﻪ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Hukum Fardhu Kifayah pada Asal Syariat Jihad
3. Beberapa Kondisi yang Membuat Hukum Jihad Menjadi Fardhu ‘Ain
4. Syarat-Syarat Orang yang Diwajibkan untuk Berjihad
5. Tentang Keafdhalan Jihad di Atas Ibadah Sunnah
6. Perang di Lautan Lebih Afdhal daripada Perang di Daratan
7. Kewajiban untuk Berjihad di Belakang Imam yang Baik atau yang Fajir
8. Syariat Tentang Memerangi Musuh Terdekat
9. Tentang Ribâth Selama Empat Puluh Malam
10. Beberapa Keutamaan Ribâth
11. Tentang Meminta Izin kepada Orang Tua untuk Berjihad
12. Perihal Mengikutsertakan Perempuan ke Negeri Musuh
13. Seputar Meminta Bantuan kepada Orang-Orang Kafir
14. Penegasan Jihad dengan Izin Imam Serta Beberapa Keadaan yang
Memperkecualikan
15. Beberapa Etika Saat Pasukan Berada di Negeri Harby
16. Tentang Menyerang Orang Kafir pada Waktu Malam
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 200 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

17. Tentang Melempar Manjanîq

18. Tentang Memerangi Orang-Orang Kafir Sebelum Mengajak Mereka
untuk Memeluk Islam
19. Beberapa Golongan yang Tidak Boleh Dibunuh dalam Peperangan
20. Empat Hak Imam terhadap Tawanan Perang Serta Kewajiban Imam
untuk Memilih Hak yang Paling Bermashlahat
21. Tawanan Perang yang Dijadikan Sebagai Budak atau Ditebus dengan
Harta Adalah Ghanimah
22. Sebagian Hukum Tentang Tawanan Perang yang Memiliki Hubungan
Rahim
23. Tentang Pemberian yang Diterima Seseorang Guna Pelaksanaan Jihad
24. Tentang Harta Kaum Muslimin yang Ditemukan di Negeri Harby
25. Tentang Pembelian Tawanan dari Musuh

‫ل‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﺄ ْﻧﻔﺎ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Anfâl
:‫ﺏ‬
ٍ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 ‫ﻲ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬ ،‫ﺤﻖ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻬ ِﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻲ ﺍﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬
((‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻼ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ‬
‫ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻗﺘِﻴ ﹰ‬‫ﻦ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ )) :n ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬ ‫ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ‬،ِ‫ﺱ ِﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺗ ِﻠﻪ‬
ٍ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺨﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﹶﻏ‬‫ﻤ ﹾﻘﺘ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ :‫ﺎ‬‫ﺪﻫ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺨ ٍﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻣ ﹾﺜ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹶﻏ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﻝ ِﻗﻴ‬‫ﻪ ﺣ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻦ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺤ ﱡﻘ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭِﺇﻧ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻪ ﺑِﺂﹶﻟِﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺡ‬
ٍ ‫ﻭ ِﺳﻠﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
ٍ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻦ ِﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ ﻣ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
.‫ﺘﺎ ِﻝ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﻉ ِﻣ‬
ٍ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻠ‬ n ‫ِﺒﻲ‬‫ﻋﻄﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ ﹶﻛﻤ‬،ٍ‫ﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺎ ًﺀ ِﻣ‬‫ﲔ ﹶﻏﻨ‬
 ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ‬
 ‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍ ﹸﳌ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻏﻨ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
 ‫ﻨﻔﱢ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﻣ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃﻥﹾ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‬
.‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺮﹶﺃ ﹰﺓ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍ‬
ٍ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻴ‬‫ﻫ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻌ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻩ ِﺑِﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ َﺀ‬‫ﻴ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺟ‬ ‫ ﹶﻟ‬z ‫ﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻪ ﹶﺃﺑ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﱠ ﹶﻠ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،ٍ‫ﺍ ِﺟﻞ‬‫ﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
ٍ ‫ﻢ ﻓﹶﺎ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺮ ٍﺩ‬ ‫ﻡ ﺫِﻱ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻛ‬
:‫ﺎ ِﻥ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ ﺑِﺎﻟﺸ‬‫ﺤﻖ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ ﻣ‬:‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪201‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺸ ٍﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ ِﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻛﺬﹶﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ‪ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻖ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ِﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲﺓ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﱡﺜ ﹸﻠﺚﹶ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ َﺀ ِﺓ ‪‬ﺳ ِﺮﻳ‪ ‬ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﺶ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪ِ ‬ﺮﻳ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻄﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ِ ‬ﺮﻳ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪ ‬ﹶﻗﺴ‪ ‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Tiga Bentuk Anfâl Secara Global‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Salab Serta Ketentuannya‬‬
‫?‪4. Kapan Seseorang Berhak Mendapatkan Salab‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Tanfîl dari Amir‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Anfâl yang Didapatkan dengan Syarat Serta Penjelasan Dua Bentuknya‬‬
‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺦ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺒِﻴ ِﺪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜﻔﱠﺎﺭِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌﻄِﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ﹶﻏﻨ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻠ ﹸﻎ‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺦ‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ِﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﹶﺎ ِﺭﺱٍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻏﺰ‪‬ﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺑِﺎﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺟ ِﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺟﻞٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟﻔﹶﺎ ِﺭ ِ‬
‫ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Syariat Radhkh Serta Ketentuannya‬‬
‫‪2. Jika Budak Berperang dengan Menggunakan Kuda Tuannya‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻐﻨﺎ
ﺋ
ﻢ و
ﻗ ْﺴ ﻤ
ﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Ghanimah dan Pembagiannya‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤ ‪‬ﺮّﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﺍﺟ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻠِ ِﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ِﻔﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ِﻣﻤ‪ ‬ﻦ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪ ِﻩ ﹸﻛﻞﱠ ﻋ‪‬ﺎﻡٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄِﺋﻤ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪202‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻫﻢ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﺳ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍﻝِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ِﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ِﻣﻤ‪ ‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻼ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٌﺀ ﻗﹶﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹶﺎِﺗ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﺷ ِﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ]ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ[ ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻮِﻧ ِﻪ ﻓﹶﺎ ِﺭﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ]ﻣ‪‬ﺎ[ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎ ِﺟ ٍﺰ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﻛﹶﺎ ِﻓﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺶ ‪‬ﺳﺮ‪‬ﺍﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺶ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺸ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ٍﺩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘﻀِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻔ ِﻈﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻘ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﺮ ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟِﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﻧ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﻨِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻏِﻨ ‪‬ﻤﺖ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﺸ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻏِﻨﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﹸﺃ ِﺑِﺈ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ٍﻢ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺎﻟﹶﻰ‬
‫ﺴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺨﻤ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪‬ﺎِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻝ ِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺳﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ِ ‬ﻟ ﹶﺬﻭِﻱ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﻮ ﻫ‪‬ﺎ ِﺷ ٍﻢ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺼ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺡ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﻮِﻟ ِﻪ ‪ ،n‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ﹸﻞ ﺣ‪‬ﻆﱢ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ‪‬ﻧﹶﺜ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻴﻦِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴﺘ‪‬ﺎﻣ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻔ ﹶﻘﺮ‪‬ﺍﺀَ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛﲔِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻏِﻨﻴ‪ ‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﻄﱠ ِﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬﻢٍ‪ ،‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻟِﻠﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺟ ِﻞ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠﻔﹶﺎ ِﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺿﺦِ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺝ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧﻔﹶﺎ ِﻝ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺨ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒِﻴﻞِ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣِﺒ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ n‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌﻞﹶ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎﻥِ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻭ‪‬ﻯ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮِﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣِﺒ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺟ ِﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﺎﻥِ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﺑ‪ٍ ‬ﺔ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﹶ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪1. Dua Jenis Ghanimah‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Ghanimah Berupa Tanah‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Ghanimah Berupa Harta Selain Tanah‬‬
‫?‪4. Siapa yang Berhak Mendapatkan Ghanimah‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Orang yang Tidak Berhak Mendapatkan Ghanimah‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Keberhakan Utusan Amir untuk Mendapatkan Ghanimah‬‬
‫‪7. Tentang Keberhakan Pasukan untuk Berserikat Bersama Sariyyah Guna‬‬
‫‪Mendapatkan Ghanimah dan Sebaliknya‬‬
‫‪8. Cara Pembagian Ghanimah‬‬
‫‪9. Tentang Khumus dan Lima Golongan yang Berhak Mendapatkannya‬‬
‫‪10. Perbedaan antara Pasukan Penunggang Kuda dan Pasukan Pejalan Kaki‬‬
‫‪11. Ketentuan dan Pembagian Kuda‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪203‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫‪12. Kalau Seseorang Mengikutsertakan Lebih dari Satu Kuda dalam‬‬

‫‪Peperangan‬‬
‫‪13. Tentang Kendaraan Selain Kuda‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻴ ٍﻞ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﺭﻛﹶﺎﺏٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺃ ِﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻗﺘ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻝ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺰﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﹶﺎ ِﻓﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﺿ‪‬ﺎﻻ‪ ‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺮِﻳ ِﻖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓِﻲ ﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈ ‪‬ﺳﻠﹶﺎ ِﻡ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻣﺼ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﺇ ﹾﺫ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‪‬ﺎ ِﻡ ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹸﻭ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠﺼ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪ ‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Tentang Fai` Serta Ketentuannya‬‬
‫`‪2. Penyaluran Harta Fai‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Menemukan Orang Kafir yang Tersesat di Negeri Islam‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Sekelompok Orang (yang Tidak Memiliki Kekuatan) Mencuri‬‬
‫‪Harta Orang Kafir di Negeri Harby Tanpa Seizin Imam Mereka‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﺄﻣﺎ
ن‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Jaminan Keamanan‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮِﺑﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪)) :n‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺆ ِﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘﻜﹶﺎ ﹶﻓﹸﺄ‬
‫ﻼ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃﺓﹰ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺨﺘ‪‬ﺎ ٍﺭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮّﺍ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ٍﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ‬
‫ﲑﺓِ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ِﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ‬ﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺁﺣ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ِ ‬ﻋﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺔ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻌ‪‬ﻰ ِﺑ ِﺬﻣ‪ِ‬ﺘ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ((‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ِﺩﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧﻠﱠﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ِﺳﲑ‪‬ﺍ ِﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺠﻤِﻴ ِﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜﻔﱠﺎﺭِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺩ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎِﻧ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﹸﺃﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑِﺈﺯ‪‬ﺍِﺋﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‪‬ﺎ ِﻡ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﻓﹶﺎ ُﺀ‬
‫ﺚ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹰﻻ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹸﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﹾ ‪‬ﻮﻓﹶﺎ ُﺀ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻃﹸﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴﻬِﻢ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 204 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

1. Definisinya
2. Syarat Keabsahannya
3. Tentang Jaminan Keamanan dari Individu dalam Negara
4. Tentang Jaminan Keamanan Seorang Amir
5. Tentang Jaminan Keamanan Seorang Imam kepada Seluruh Orang Kafir
6. Tentang Orang yang Memasuki Negeri Kafir dengan Jaminan Keamanan
7. Tentang Orang Kafir yang Membebaskan Tawanan dengan Syarat
Pengiriman Harta kepada Mereka

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﺎِﺋِﺒﻪ‬‫ﻭ ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻡ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻣ‬‫ﺪﻫ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳﺠ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤ ﹶﺔ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬
 ‫ﺼ ﹶﻠ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺭﹶﺃﻯ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜﻔﱠﺎ ِﺭ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻬ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗﺠ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹸﻛﻔﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺒ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﺬ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻬ ِﺪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺧ‬ ،ِ‫ﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﲔ ﺩ‬
 ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ِﺣﻤ‬
‫ﺤﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺍ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺎ ِﺭ ﺩِﻳِﻨ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺩ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺇِ ﹾﻇﻬ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻬ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺅ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎ ِﺷﺮ‬‫ﺰ ﹶﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺁ‬
.‫ﺤ ِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻠ ٍﺪ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻗﹸﻮِﺗ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜﻔﱠﺎ‬‫ﺮ ﹸﺓ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ ﹶﻘ ِﻄ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺫِﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ِﻟ‬
1. Syariat dan Ketentuan Muhâdanah
2. Hanya Imam atau Wakilnya yang Boleh Membuat Akad Muhâdanah
3. Konsekuensi Keberadaan Muhâdanah
4. Bila Khawatir Kalau Orang Kafir Melanggar Perjanjian
5. Bolehkah Membeli Orang Kafir (yang Terikat dengan Muhâdanah) yang
Ditawan oleh Orang Kafir Lain?
6. Kewajiban dan Ketentuan Hijrah
7. Hijrah Disyariatkan Sepanjang Masih Ada Orang Kafir yang Diperangi
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 205 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﺰ ﻳ
ﺔ‬
ْ ‫ب ا ْﻟ
ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Jizyah
‫ﺍ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﻦ ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻯ‬‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬‫ ﻭ‬،ِ‫ﺍﺓ‬‫ﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﻥ ِﺑﺎﻟﺘ‬‫ﻦ ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴﻬ‬‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﺎﺏ‬‫ﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜﺘ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﺔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﻣ‬‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺆ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬
،‫ﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺎﹸﻟ‬‫ﻡ ِﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻡ ِﺇﺟ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬‫ﻰ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠﺒ‬‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤﻠﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺔ‬‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﺍ َﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻮﺍ ﹶﺃﺩ‬‫ﺰﻣ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺱ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ ﻭ‬،ِ‫ﻧﺠِﻴﻞ‬‫ﺑِﺎﻟﹾِﺈ‬
‫ﻭ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺸﺮ‬
 ‫ﻭ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹲﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻂ ﹶﺃ‬
ِ ‫ﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻣ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﺩ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻴ ﹲﺔ ﻭ‬‫ﺎِﻧ‬‫ﻮ ِﺳ ِﺮ ﹶﺛﻤ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‬ ‫ ِﻣ‬،ٍ‫ﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺱ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬
ِ ‫ﺭﹾﺃ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻓِﻲ‬‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺆ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺯ ِﻣ ٍﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺦ ﻓﹶﺎ ٍﻥ‬
ٍ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﺮﹶﺃ ٍﺓ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺻِﺒﻲ‬
 ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﺔ‬‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﺟ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺭﻫ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺩ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻪ ﺍﹾﺛﻨ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻦ ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻣﻤ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ِﺩ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺮ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍﺗ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﺗ ِﺮ ﹶﻛِﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺕ ﹸﺃ ِﺧ ﹶﺬ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻣ‬ ،‫ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮِﺑﻬ‬‫ﻭﺟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﹶ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺟ ٍﺰ‬‫ﲑ ﻋ‬
ٍ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻓ ِﻘ‬ ‫ﺒ ٍﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺸﺮ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ ﹸﺃ ِﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ‬‫ﺮِﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺟ‬‫ﺎ ﺗ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺧ ﹶﻞ ِﺇﹶﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،ِ‫ﺸﺮ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻪ ِﻧ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺩ ﹸﺃ ِﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ ﻋ‬‫ﺑ ﹶﻠ ِﺪ ِﻩ ﹸﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﻏ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﻞﱠ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺍ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺏ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺩ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺤ ِﻮ ِﻩ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻭ ِﻗﺘ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬،ِ‫ﺣﻜﹶﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻤﻠﱠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺔ‬‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﺍ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺎ ِﻋ ِﻪ ِﻣ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟِﺘﺰ‬‫ﻣِﺘﻨ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎ‬
.‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﺍ ِﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻢ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺩ‬ ‫ﺐ ِﺑ ِﻬ‬
 ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﺬ‬ ‫ﻀ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ ﹾﻘ‬‫ﻭﺃﹸﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﺩ ِﻩ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺎِﺋ ِﻪ‬‫ﺪ ِﻧﺴ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺾ‬
 ‫ﺘ ِﻘ‬‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎﹸﻟﻪ‬‫ﻭﻣ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Pemungutan Jizyah Adalah dari Ahli Kitab
3. Tentang Pemungutan Jizyah dari Orang-Orang Majusi
4. Keharaman untuk Memerangi Orang Kafir yang Membayar Jizyah
5. Jizyah Dipungut pada Setiap Awal Tahun
6. Tentang Kadar Jizyah yang Dipungut
7. Beberapa Jenis Orang Kafir yang Tidak Dikenakan Jizyah
8. Keguguran Jizyah bagi Orang Kafir yang Memeluk Islam
9. Tentang Pemungutan Jizyah dari Warisan Orang Kafir
10. Pungutan terhadap Kafir Dzimmy yang Berdagang di Selain Negerinya
11. Pungutan terhadap Kafir Harby yang Berdagang di Negeri Islam
12. Tentang Ahludz Dzimmah yang Membatalkan Perjanjian

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 206 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ء‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟْﻘﻀﺎ‬


Kitab Qadha
‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﻪ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹸﻃ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﺢ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺼ ﹸﻠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﺎﺀ‬‫ﺘﻔﹶﻰ ﺑِ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﻀ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻜ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻠ‬ ،ٍ‫ﻳﺔ‬‫ﺽ ِﻛﻔﹶﺎ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ ِﻠﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺮﻭ ِﻃ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹸﻛ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ‬
 ‫ﻩ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻓ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﺟ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،ِ‫ﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹸﺔ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﺟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻢ ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ [‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫] ِﻣ‬
‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،ِ‫ﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻬﺪِﻱ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ ﹰﺔ ِﻣﻤ‬‫ ِﺪﻳ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻫ‬ .‫ﻮ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ِﺭ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺯ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳﺠ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻋﹶﺎِﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻋ‬‫ﺘ ﹶﻜﻠﱢﻤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺼﲑ‬
ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﻤِﻴﻌ‬
‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻓِﻲ‬ ،‫ﺎﻥﹸ‬‫ﻀﺒ‬
 ‫ﻮ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹸﻜ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،ِ‫ﻧﺔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﻣ‬‫ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﻠﹾﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ ِﻪ ﺷ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺷﻜِ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹸﺃ‬،‫ﺤﻖ‬
 ‫ﻌ ِﺮ ﹶﻓ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻮ ِﻝ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﲔ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﺨ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹸﻝ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍ ﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺑ‬‫ﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ِﻢ‬
 ‫ﺲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺠ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺨ ﹸﺬ ﻓِﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻳ‬ ،‫ﻱ‬
ِ ‫ﹾﺃ‬‫ﺳﺘِﻴﻔﹶﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ ٍﻝ‬‫ﺣ‬
.‫ﺏ‬
ِ ‫ﺨﻄﹶﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺲ ﻭ‬
ِ ‫ﺠ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬
1. Definisinya
2. Hukumnya
3. Kewajiban Imam untuk Mengangkat Qadhi Secukupnya
4. Hukum Orang yang Diminta untuk Menjadi Qadhi
5. Syarat-Syarat Qadhi
6. Keharaman Seorang Qadhi untuk Menerima Risywah
7. Tentang Penerimaan Hadiah
8. Keharusan Seorang Qadhi untuk Memberi Hukum Berlandaskan
Pengetahuannya Tentang Kebenaran
9. Tentang Memusyawarahkan Hukum kepada Orang-Orang yang Berilmu
Lagi Amanah
10. Ketidakbolehan Seorang Qadhi untuk Memberi Hukum Saat Marah dan
Tidak Bisa Berpikir Jernih
11. Ketidakbolehan untuk Memasang Pintu-Pintu pada Majelis Hukum
12. Kewajiban Qadhi untuk Berlaku Adil
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪207‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﺻ ﻔ
ﺔ ا ْﻟ ﺤ ْﻜ
ﻢ‬
‫ب
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Sifat Perhukuman‬‬
‫ﺤﺮِﻳﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﺭ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻊ ﺍﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﻮ‪‬ﻯ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ﻓﹶﺎﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻴ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋﻘﹶﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪‬ﻋِﻰ ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺩﻳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﻤ ِﻪ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ؟ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ ‬ﺣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪‬ﻋِﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻗِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻏﹶﺎِﺋ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺫﻛﹶ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹸﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗﺴ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔﹲ؟ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ]ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ[‪،‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ِﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴﻘﹸﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪّﻋِﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ :n‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑﺮِﻯ َﺀ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻳﻤِﻴ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﺈِ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪّﻋ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﹶﺎﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺩﻣ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ِﺭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻝ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪‬ﻋِﻲ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﺪ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻘﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪّﻋِﻲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ ‬ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﺪ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹾﻟﹶﺄﺣ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ِﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻜﹸﻮ ِﻡ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺎﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﹾ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ﹸﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺼﻒِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻣﺪ‪‬ﻋِﻲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻔﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ﹸﻗ ِ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪّﻋِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴﺪِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﻳ‪ِ ‬ﺪ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻟﻐ‪ ‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻘﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻛﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﻑ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭِﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺕ ﻛﹶﺎﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻤﲔِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫?‪1. Apa yang Qadhi Lakukan Saat Kedua Belah Pihak Telah Hadir‬‬
‫‪2. Kedetilan Qadhi dalam Mendengarkan Penyampaian Kedua Belah Pihak‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 208 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

3. Penyimpulan Qadhi terhadap Keterangan Kedua Belah Pihak

4. Tiga Keadaan yang Qadhi Lakukan Bila Terjadi Pengingkaran Secara
Global
5. Keadaan Pertama: Bila Barang Berada di Tangan Pihak Tertuntut
6. Tiga Tahapan yang Qadhi Lakukan pada Keadaan Pertama:
a. Meminta Bayyinah kepada Pihak Penuntut
b. Meminta Sumpah kepada Pihak Tertuntut Bila Pihak Penuntut Tidak
Memiliki Bayyinah
c. Meminta Sumpah kepada Pihak Penuntut Bila Pihak Tertuntut
Menolak untuk Bersumpah
7. Bila Kedua Belah Pihak Memiliki Bayyinah
8. Bila Pemegang Barang Mengakui bahwa Barang Tersebut Adalah Milik
Orang Lain
9. Keadaan Kedua: Jika Barang Berada di Tangan Kedua Belah Pihak
10. Keadaan Ketiga: Kalau Barang Berada di Tangan Pihak Ketiga

‫ض اﻟ ﺪﻋﺎو
ى‬

‫ب ﻓ
ﻲ ﺗﻌﺎ ر‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Pertentangan Tuntutan
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﻬ‬‫ﺍ ِﻛ‬‫ﺎ ﺭ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ ﹰﺔ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺍﺑ‬‫ﺎ ﺩ‬‫ﺯﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ .‫ﺴ ِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ِﻟﻠﹶﺎِﺑ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﺧ ﹲﺬ ِﺑ ﹸﻜﻤ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺁ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﹾﺂ‬‫ﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎِﺑ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﻗﻤِﻴﺼ‬‫ﺯﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ‬
‫ﺎ ِﻥ‬‫ﺎِﻧﻌ‬‫ﻉ ﺻ‬
 ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ٍﻥ‬ ،‫ﻲ ﹶﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ‬‫ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﻉ ِﻟﹶﺄ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ٌﺀ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻭ ِﺑﻨ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬‫ﺭﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺯﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻲ ﹶﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹲﻞ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺣ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﺎ ِﻝ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺢ ﻟِﻠﺮ‬
 ‫ﺼ ﹸﻠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺝ ﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﻓﻠِﻠﺰ‬
ِ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺵ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎ ِﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻗﻤ‬‫ﻭﺟ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺰ‬
 ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ .‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎ ِﺣِﺒﻬ‬‫ﻋ ٍﺔ ِﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻨ‬
ِ ‫ﺩﻛﱠﺎ ٍﻥ ﻓﹶﺂﹶﻟ ﹸﺔ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﺵ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻗﻤ‬
،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﺢ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺼ ﹸﻠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻣ‬ ،ِ‫ﺎﺀ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺢ ﻟِﻠﻨ‬
 ‫ﺼﻠﹸ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﹶﺃ ِﺓ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺍ ِﺑِﺒﻨ‬‫ﻌﻘﹸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺎ[ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﹸﻮ ﹰﻻ ] ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺎِﺋ ِﻬﻤ‬‫ﺍ ِﺑِﺒﻨ‬‫ﻌﻘﹸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎِﺋﻄﹰﺎ‬‫ﺎ ﺣ‬‫ﺯﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﻬ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬‫ﺽ ﻭ‬
ِ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬
 ‫ﺎ ِﺣ‬‫ﻉ ﺻ‬
 ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ‬
ِ ‫ ﹾﻘ‬‫ ﹾﻔ ِﻞ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬‫ ﻭ‬‫ﻌ ﹸﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﹾ‬
 ‫ﺎ ِﺣ‬‫ﻉ ﺻ‬
 ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﻮ ﹶﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻩ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
 ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺧ ِﺮ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻗِﻴ ِﻪ‬‫ﻭﺑ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻪ‬ ّ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺁ ِﺧ ﹲﺬ ِﺑ ﹸﻜ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﻗﻤِﻴﺼ‬‫ﺯﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻂ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ‬
ِ ‫ﺎِﺋ‬‫ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪209‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ﻑ‬
‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﺩِﻳِﻨ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻤ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺃﹶ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺩِﻳِﻨ ِﻪ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣِ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ِﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻣِﻴّ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ ﹶﺬِﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧﺖ‪ِ ‬ﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫﻤِﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠﻢِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﺩِﻳِﻨ ِﻪ ﻓِﺎﹾﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺩّﻋ‪‬ﻰ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮِﻳ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﹶﺃﻥﱢ ‪‬ﺷﺮِﻳ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻧﺼِﻴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻮ ِﺳﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻪِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌِﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٌﺀ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﻮ ِﺳ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇِ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻧﺼِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻥ َﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻮ ِﺳﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِﺮ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺑ‪‬ﺎﻗِﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻰ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺐ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣِﺒ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺣِﻴ‪‬ﻨِﺌ ٍﺬ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍﺷ‪‬ﺘﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻧﺼِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺿِﻲ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﻮ ِﺳﺮ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺗﺤ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟﻔﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇِﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ِﻩ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ِﺮﹾﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﻤﹶﺎ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮّ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺎﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑ ِﺰﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺓٍ‪،‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ ِﺑﻘﹶﻮِﻟ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻟﹶﺄ ﹶﻥّ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﻘِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ﻟﹶﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟﻪ‪ِ ‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟِﺎ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧّ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻠّ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮِﺗ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ] ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ[ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠﺜﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﺠِﻴﺰ‪‬ﺍ ِﻋ ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﻛ ﹶﻠّﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗﺎﹶﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﺑِﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧﺮِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ِﺑ ِﻌ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ‪ :‬ﺑ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﹸﺛ ﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﺎﹶﻡ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﻴِﻴِﻨ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪] :‬ﹶﺃﺑِﻲ[ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﺭِﻱ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺃ ﹾﻗ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Beberapa Contoh Pertentangan Tuntutan Serta Cara Penyelesaiannya‬‬

‫ب اﻟﻘﺎﺿ
ﻲ‬
‫ب ﺣ ْﻜ
ﻢ
ﻛﺘﺎ
‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Hukum Tulisan Qadhi‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ِﻤ ِﻪ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ‬
‫ﺐ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢّ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪّﻋِﻲ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻏﹶﺎِﺋ ٍ‬
‫ﺐ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻐ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ِﺑﺸ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻟﹶﺎ ِﻥ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺤﻜﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ]ِﺑ ِﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻗﺒ‪‬ﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﹶﺎﺿِﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻠ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﻐ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻗﻀ‪‬ﺎ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮِﺗﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻥّ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ِﻛﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑِﻲ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹸﻓﻠﹶﺎ ٍﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻗﺮِﻯ َﺀ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺰ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹶﺎِﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻞ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻤ ﹶﻞ ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺰ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻜﺘ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻜّﺎ ِﻣ ِﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎﺿِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻖّ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ِﻤ ِﻪ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻗﺒ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﻛﺘ‪‬ﺎِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ ِﻛﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisi Tulisan Qadhi‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 210 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

2. Tentang Menjatuhkan Vonis terhadap Pihak yang Tidak Hadir Bila

Penuntut Memiliki Bayyinah
3. Kemestian untuk Menjalani Konsekuensi Tulisan Qadhi (Tentang Vonis
terhadap Pihak yang Tidak Hadir) yang Ditujukan ke Negeri Pihak
Tersebut
4. Tentang Persyaratan Dua Saksi dalam Pembenaran Tulisan Qadhi
5. Tentang Penerimaan Tulisan Qadhi, Walaupun Qadhi Penerima Tulisan
Telah Meninggal/Diganti
6. Tentang Penerimaan Tulisan Qadhi, Walaupun Qadhi Penulis Telah
Meninggal/Diganti
7. Tentang Penerimaan Tulisan Qadhi dalam Hudud dan Qishash

‫ب ا ْﻟ
ﻘ ْﺴ ﻤ
ﺔ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Qismah ‘Pembagian’
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠ‬،ِ‫ﻮﺽ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﺩّ ِﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ ٍﺭ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻦ ِﻗ‬ ‫ﻤ ِﻜ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻲ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬ ،ٍ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﺟﺒ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹸﺔ ِﺇ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ ِﻗ‬:‫ﺎ ِﻥ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬
‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺘِﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺮّ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻨ ٍﺔ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ‬‫ﺒﻴ‬‫ﺎ ِﺑ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻩ ِﻣ ﹾﻠ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﻋ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴ ِﻪ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺛ‬ ‫ﻋ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻛ‬‫ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ‬‫ﻪ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﺑ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﻦ ِﻗ‬ ‫ﺮِﻳ ﹶﻜ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ ]ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﺍ ِﺭ ِﻫﻤ‬‫ﻦ ِﺇ ﹾﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻴّ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗ‬‫ﻀ‬
ِ ‫ﺖ ِﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾ ﹶﻘ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻭﹶﺃﹾﺛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﺤﺎِﻝ ﹸﻗ‬
 ‫ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻓِﻲ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠﺒ‬ ،ِ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ‬
.[‫ﻨ ٍﺔ‬‫ﺑﻴ‬
‫ﻭ ﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻮ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﺼِﻴِﺒ ِﻪ ﻓِﻴﻤ‬‫ﺎ ِﺑ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻊ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺘ ِﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﺑﹶﺄ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ ﻳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ‬‫ﻤ ﹸﺔ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻲ ِﻗ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻫ‬ ،‫ﺍﺿِﻲ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ ِﻗ‬:‫ﺍﻟﹶﺜّﺎﻧِﻲ‬
‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﺜ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﺷ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ ﹶﻟﻬ‬‫ﺤﻖ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ ﻟﹶﺎ‬‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤ ﹸﺔ ِﺇ ﹾﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ‬‫ ﻭ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﺒ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ِﺇ‬‫ﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺽ ِﻣ‬
ٍ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ ِﻋ‬‫ﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﻌﺪِﻳ ﹸﻠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ ِﻜ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻒ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ﹾﻗ‬ ‫ﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺯ ِﻗ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗﺠ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﺻ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﺭ‬‫ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻤ‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻴ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭ ِﻥ ﹶﻛ‬‫ﻮﺯ‬‫ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺯﻧ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻜِﻴ ِﻞ‬‫ﺯ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗﺠ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﺎ ِﺧﻴ‬‫ﻓِﻴﻬ‬
‫ﺭّﺏ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣِﻦ‬ ،‫ﺠﺰ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﱠ ﹾﻠ ِﻖ ﹶﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ ِﺣ‬‫ﻦ ﺻ‬ ‫ﺽ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻋ‬‫ﻭﻓِﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹾﻗﻔﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ ﹶﻃ ﹾﻠﻘﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬،ٍ‫ﻮﺽ‬ ‫ ِﻋ‬‫ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓِﻴﻬ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
 ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻡ ِﺑ ﹶﺬِﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﹸﺃﹾﻟ ِﺰ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻲ ٍﺀ ﺻ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺝ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍ ُﺀ ﺃﹸ ﹾﻗ‬‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬
ِ ‫ﺪﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ‬ ،‫ﺎﺯ‬‫ﻒ ﺟ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ ﹾﻗ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
.‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻚ ﻛﹶﺎِﺗ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹰﻻ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻛ ِﻢ‬‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ِﺳ‬
1. Definisinya
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 211 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

2. Dua Bentuknya
3. Pertama: Pembagian Secara Ijbâr
4. Kedua: Pembagian Secara Tarâdhy
5. Tentang Ifrâz ‘Pengkhususan’ dalam Qismah
6. Tentang Ketiadaan Syuf’ah dan Khiyâr dalam Qismah
7. Hal-hal yang Boleh Di-qismah
8. Tentang Qismah pada Waqaf
9. Tentang Undian dalam Qismah
10. Syarat Keadilan pada Orang yang Membagi dan Menulis Qismah

2y1
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪212‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ت‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺸﻬﺎدا
‬
‫
‬
‫)‪Kitab Syahadat (Persaksian‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬
‫ﺽ ِﻛﻔﹶﺎ‪‬ﻳﺔٍ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺳﻮ‪‬ﻯ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺸّﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﺩ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺅﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪ ‬ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬

‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺎﻟﹶﻰ‪
G
F
E
D
C
B
o :‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ٍﺭ ِﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻌِﻴ ِﺪ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﺮِﻳ ِ‬

‫‪] n
N
M
L
K
J

I
H‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.[١٣٥ :‬‬

‫ﺸﻬ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗﺴ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﺇﻟﹶﺎ ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ‪‬ﺭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪‬ﺍ ٍﺭ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﻭ ٍﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪّﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻮ ِﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑﺸ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ٍﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭِﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ٍﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﺜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ﺹ ﻛﹶﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﻜﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪‬ﻭ ِﺩ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﻝ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﻳ ِﻦ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻤّﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄّ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻝ ﻓِﻲ ﻏﹶﺎِﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﹶﺜّﺎِﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﻴّ ِﺔ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﲑ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﺎ ِﺀ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﻛﹶﺎﹶﻟ ِﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﻏ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮّ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻖ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻮﻟﹶﺎ‪‬ﻳ ِﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺰ ِﻝ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨّ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ﹶﻄّﻠﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪ -‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟﻠﹶﺎ ِﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ٍﺓ‬
‫ﺏ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬ﺪّ ِﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍِﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄّ ِﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺎﻝﹸ‪ ،‬ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟ ِﻮﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ُﺀ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻓﺠ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃﺑِﻲ ِﺇﻫ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪‬ﻰ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪ ‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﻝٍ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟِﻠﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒﻲ‪ n ‬ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻜﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺒﺮِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ ﻓِﻴﻪ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺎﺀِ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﺄﹶﺥ ِِﻟﹶﺄﺧِﻴ ِﻪ‬
‫ﻉ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎ ِﺳ ِﻢ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺿ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﻔﹶﺎ ِﻋ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺨﻔِﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺪِﻳ ِﻘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﺻ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮِﺋﻴ‪‬ﺎﺕِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﻰ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴﻘﱠ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺪِﻳ ِﻖ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺮ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻲ‬
‫ﺤ ٍﻖّ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ﹾﻞ ﻟِﻠﺸ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫ ِﺪ‪ :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺗﻈﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮﺕ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺇ‪‬ﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻘﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ِﻗﺼ‪‬ﺎﺹٍ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ‬
‫ﺐ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻮﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺓِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺫﹶِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻛﹶﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪ِ ‬ﺓ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨّ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻗ ﹾﻠِﺒ ِﻪ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﻩ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺗ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺑِﺘ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ِ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎ ِﺫ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 213 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

1. Definisinya
2. Hukum Penyandangan dan Penunaiannya
3. Syahadat Ditunaikan Bila Dimungkinkan dan Tanpa Ada Bahaya
4. Empat Hal yang Dipersaksikan
5. Pertama: Perzinaan dan Ketentuan Persaksiannya
6. Kedua: Harta dan Maksud Penggunaannya Serta Ketentuan
Persaksiannya
7. Ketiga: Sesuatu yang Secara Umum Diketahui oleh Laki-Laki Selain dari
Dua Hal di Atas Serta Ketentuan Persaksiannya
8. Keempat: Hal yang Tidak Diketahui Secara Umum oleh Laki-Laki Serta
Ketentuan Persaksiannya
9. Tentang Persaksian Budak
10. Tentang Persaksian Pelaku terhadap Perbuatannya
11. Perihal Persaksian Seseorang untuk Saudaranya
12. Seputar Persaksian Seseorang untuk Kawannya
13. Tentang Persaksian Orang Tuli Tentang Hal-Hal yang Dia Lihat
14. Perihal Persaksian Orang Buta Tentang Suara yang Dia Dengar
15. Seputar Persaksian Orang yang Mencuri Dengar
16. Tentang Persaksian Orang yang Mendengar Pengakuan Akan Suatu Hak
17. Perihal Persaksian Berupa Berita yang Istifâdhah
18. Penerimaan Persaksian Orang Fasik Setelah Dia Bertaubat

‫ﺮ د ﺷﻬﺎ د ﺗ ﻪ‬

 ‫ب ﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Orang yang Persaksiannya Ditolak
‫ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ‬‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻝ‬‫ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‬‫ﺠﻬ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻓﹶﺎ ِﺳ ٍﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﻛﹶﺎ ِﻓ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹾﻘ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﺍِﺋ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺯ‬ ‫ﺻِﺒﻲ‬
 ‫ﺩ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻬ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹸﻞ‬‫ﺗ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﹶﻟﺎ‬
،‫ﺎ ﹶﻟﻪ‬‫ﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻬ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،ِ‫ﺗِﺒﻪ‬‫ﻣﻜﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﺒ ِﺪ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ ٍﺪ ِﻟ‬‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﺎ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺍِﻟ ٍﺪ‬‫ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻬ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻓ ٍﻊ‬‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺩ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ ﹾﻔﻌ‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪214‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺻﻲ‪ ‬ﻓِﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﻛِﻴ ِﻞ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻭﻛِﻴ ﹲﻞ ﻓِﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻲ‪ ‬ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ِﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣِﺒﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﺰ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻠﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻭ َﺀ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻑ ٍﺑ ﹶﻜ ﹾﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﻐ‪ ‬ﹶﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ﻓِﻴﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻭ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﻭ‪‬ﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﻭ ٍ‬
‫ﻚ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺷﺮِﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸّﺮِﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭِﺗ ِﻪ ﻟِﻠ‪‬ﻨّﺎ ِﻇﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤّﺎ ٍﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ِ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮﺓِ ‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ِﺷ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﻛﹶﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻮﻫ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺡ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘّ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻛ ﱡﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ٍﺓ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘّ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ِﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﲔ ﹸﻗ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﻭ‪‬ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑﹶﺄﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺷ ِﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑﹶﺄﹾﻟ ٍ‬
‫ﺡ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘّ ‪‬ﻌﺪِﻳ ﹸﻞ ﹸﻗﺪ‪ ‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮﺽٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺮ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺐ‪ .‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫ ِﺪ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑِﹶﺄﹾﻟ ٍ‬
‫ﺸّﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺓﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺷ ِﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ِﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﺛﻨ‪‬ﺎﻥِ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﻞ ِﺳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠﻔﹸﻮﺍ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻜﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ‬
‫ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺒِﻴ ٍﻊ‪ .‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱠﺰﻣ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ِﺔ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Rincian Orang-Orang yang Persaksiannya Ditolak‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Persaksian yang Sebagiannya Dicurigai‬‬
‫‪3. Perihal Persaksian Dua Orang terhadap Jarh, Ta’dîl, Terjemahan, dan‬‬
‫‪Selainnya‬‬
‫‪4. Bila Jarh dan Ta’dîl Bertentangan‬‬
‫‪5. Jika Salah Seorang Saksi Berucap “Seribu”, Sedangkan Saksi Lain Berkata‬‬
‫”‪“Dua Ribu‬‬
‫‪6. Kalau Salah Seorang Saksi Berucap “Seribu dari Hasil Pinjaman”,‬‬
‫”‪Sedangkan Saksi Lain Berkata “Seribu dari Hasil Penjualan‬‬
‫‪7. Bila Beberapa Saksi Saling Berselisih Tentang Tempat, Waktu, atau Sifat‬‬

‫ﺮﺟﻮ
ع ﻋ ْﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ب اﻟ ﺸﻬﺎ د
ة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺸﻬﺎ د
ة واﻟ ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫‪Bab Syahadat di Atas Syahadat Serta Rujuk terhadap Hal‬‬
‫‪Itu‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺻ ِﻞ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎﺿِﻲ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸّﻬ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺓ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ِﻛﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﻞ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺗِﻲ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﻓﹸﻼﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻋ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ ِﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ِﻮ ِﻩ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏﹶﻴ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 215 Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh

‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺩ ِﺓ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﻬ‬
 ‫ﻢ ِﺑ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹶﻜ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻰ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﺻ ِﻞ ﻭ‬
 ‫ﻮ ِﺩ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬‫ﺷﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﹶﻟ ِﺔ ﻓِﻲ‬‫ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ ِﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﱐ ِﺑ ﹶﻜﺬﹶﺍ‬
ِ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻨﺪِﻱ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ِﻋ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺩ ِﺓ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸّﻬ‬
 ‫ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻊ ﹶﻗﺒ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻢ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻀ ِﻬ‬
ِ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺙ ِﻣ‬
‫ﺪ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺩِﺗ ِﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻬ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﹾ‬
 ‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻭ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﺻ ِﻞ‬
 ‫ﺩ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺷﻬ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬
.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻢ ِﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹶﻜ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬
1. Kebolehan Syahadat di Atas Syahadat
2. Syarat Kebolehan Syahadat di Atas Syahadat
3. Keharusan untuk Mengetahui Keadilan pada Saksi-Saksi dan Cabang
4. Tidak Menerima Persaksian Saksi Cabang Jika Saksi Asal Hadir
5. Bila Terjadi Hal yang Menahan Penerimaan Persaksian Saksi Asal

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
Pasal
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﹶﻟﻬ‬‫ﻊ ﹶﻗﺒ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻪ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺙ ِﻣ‬
‫ﺪ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬‫ ﻭ‬،‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ِﻢ ﹸﻗِﺒ ﹶﻠﺖ‬
 ‫ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺺ ﹶﻗ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺩ ﻓِﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪ ﹶﻓﺰ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻬ‬ ‫ﺪ ﹸﻝ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ّ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻰ ﹶﻏ‬‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺾ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ ﹶﻘ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺩِﺗ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﻬ‬
 ‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ِﻢ ِﺑ‬
 ‫ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻊ ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺆﺛﱢﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻟ‬‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ِﻢ ِﺑﻬ‬
 ‫ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺙ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬
‫ﺪ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬ ،‫ﺩّﺕ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍِﺋﻬ‬‫ﹶﺃﺩ‬
،‫ﻴّﺎ‬‫ﻢ ِﺑ ِﻤ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ ِﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﺩِﺗ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﻬ‬
 ‫ﺕ ِﺑ‬
 ‫ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎ‬‫ﻣ ﹸﺔ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻢ ﹶﻏﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،ِ‫ﺎﺹ‬‫ﺍﻟ ِﻘﺼ‬‫ﻭ ِﺩ ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺳﺘِﻴﻔﹶﺎ ُﺀ ِﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻨ ِﻊ ﺍ ِﻻ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ،‫ﺘﻪ‬‫ﻌﻠﹶﻴ ِﻪ ِﺣﺼ‬ ‫ﻢ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻊ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ‬،‫ﺪ ِﺩ ِﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻚ ﺑ‬
 ‫ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹸﻥ ﹶﺫِﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻦ ِﻣ ﹾﺜ ِﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻗِﻴ‬
.‫ﺡ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﳉ‬
‫ﺵﺍﹸ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹶﺔ‬‫ﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ ﹶﻏ ِﺮ‬.‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧ ﹶﻄ ﹾﺄﻧ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬:‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‬ ،‫ﺎﺹ‬‫ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻘﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ ِﻬ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ ﹶﻓ‬.‫ﺎ‬‫ﺪﻧ‬ ّ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ :‫ﺎ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‬‫ﺮﺣ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻼ ﹶﺃ‬
‫ﺘ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺩ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺸﻬ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
1. Tentang Orang Rujuk dari Persaksiannya
2. Tentang Seorang Saksi yang Sebelumnya Adil, Kemudian Terjatuh ke
dalam Kefasikan
3. Tentang Penerimaan Vonis, Meskipun Saksi Rujuk Setelah Vonis Itu,
Kecuali dalam Hudud dan Qishash
4. Tentang Para Saksi yang Rujuk Setelah Vonis Dijatuhkan
5. Ketentuan Penanggungan Kerugian terhadap Para Saksi yang Rujuk
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ 216 Imam Ibnu Qudamah t

‫ب ا ْﻟ ﻴﻤ
ﻴ
ﻦ ﻓ
ﻲ اﻟ ﺪﻋﺎو
ى‬

 ‫ﺑﺎ‬
Bab Sumpah dalam Penuntutan
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳﺠ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ ﻛﹶﺎ ِﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ﺴ ِﻠﻤ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
 ‫ﺎِﻟ‬‫ﺍ ٌﺀ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‬‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﹶﻰ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﲔ ﺑِﺎ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﻤ‬‫ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻕ ِﻫ‬
ِ ‫ﺤﻘﹸﻮ‬
 ‫ﻋ ﹸﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺸﺮ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﻤ‬‫ﹶﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬،‫ﺒﺖ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎ ﹸﻥ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠﻬ‬‫ﻳﻤ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬‫ ﻭ‬.‫ﲔ‬
ٍ ‫ﻳ ِﻤ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻫ ٍﺪ‬‫ﻰ ِﺑﺸ‬‫ ﹶﻗﻀ‬n ّ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻨِّﺒ‬‫ﻳ ِﻤﲔٍ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻥﱠ ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ ِﻫ ٍﺪ‬‫ﺎ ِﺑﺸ‬‫ﺎِﺑﻬ‬‫ﺳﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﻝ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﺎ ُﺀ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﻀ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺲ ﹶﺃ‬
 ‫ﻤ ﹾﻔ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺤ ﹶﻠ‬
 ‫ﺎ ِﻫ ٍﺪ ﹶﻓ‬‫ ِﺑﺸ‬‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺲ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ ﹾﻔ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬ ،ِ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ﹾﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ ِﺮ ِﻩ ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‬ ‫ﻌ ِﻞ ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِﻲ ِﻓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﻤ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
‫ﻌﻠﹶﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ٍﺔ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠﻤ‬
 ‫ﻯ ِﻟ‬‫ﻋﻮ‬ ّ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﺤ ﹶﻠﻔﹸﻮﺍ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﲔ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﻤ‬‫ﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻒ ﹶﻓ‬
 ‫ﺤ ِﻠ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ‬ ،‫ﺒﺖ‬‫ﺖ ﹶﺛ‬
ِ ‫ﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺭﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﺣ‬‫ﻰ ﻭ‬‫ﺩّﻋ‬ ‫ﻭِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬‫ﺿﻮ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺃﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺒ ﹾﻞ ِﻣ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻘ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺠﻤِﻴ ِﻌ ِﻬ ٍﻢ ﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺪ ﹰﺓ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﺣ‬‫ﺎ ﻭ‬‫ﻳﻤِﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
 ‫ﺣ ِﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫ ﹶﺃﻧ‬:‫ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ،‫ﻳ ِﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ‬‫ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﻭ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﷲ ِﻣ‬
ِ‫ﻕﺍ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﻘﹸﻮ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻓِﻲ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﹶﺎ‬ ،‫ﺩ ِﻣﻲ‬ ‫ ﻟِﺂ‬‫ﻖ‬‫ﲔ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﺣ‬
 ‫ﻴ ِﻤ‬‫ﻉ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺸ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻳ ِﻤﲔ‬ ّ‫ﺣ ٍﻖ‬ ‫ﻌﻠﹶﻴ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ‬ ‫ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﹶﻓ‬‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﹸﻮﻗﹰﺎ‬
.‫ﺕ‬
ِ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺩ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺒ‬‫ﻭ ِﺩ ﻭ‬‫ﺤﺪ‬
 ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
1. Sumpah yang Disyariatkan Adalah dengan Nama Allah
2. Tentang Kebolehan Seorang Saksi Bersama Sumpah
3. Perihal Penyampaian Sumpah dengan Pemastian, Kecuali dalam
Menafikan Suatu Perbuatan
4. SeputarSeorang Mayit atau Muflis yang Hanya Memiliki Satu Saksi
5. Seorang yang Dituntut Harus Bersumpah untuk Setiap Orang (dalam
Sekelompok Penuntut)
6. Bila Pihak Penuntut Mengajukan Beberapa Tuntutan, Pihak yang
Dituntut Harus Bersumpah untuk Setiap Tuntutan yang Dia Ingkari
7. Adanya Syariat Sumpah pada Setiap Hak Anak Adam
8. Tidak Disyariatkan Sumpah pada Hak-Hak Allah
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪217‬‬ ‫‪Pedoman Ilmu Fiqh‬‬

‫ب ا ْﻟ
ﺈ ْﻗﺮا
ر‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‬
‫’‪Bab Iqrâr ‘Pengakuan Akan Suatu Hak‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺳﻜﹸﻮﺗ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤ ٍﻖّ ﹸﺃ ِﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﺑﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺳ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮّﺷِﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜ ﹶﻠّ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺼﹰ‬‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻔﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻐ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆﺟ‪ ‬ﹶﻠﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺟﻴ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﺣ‪‬ﺎﻟﱠﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺯﻳ‪‬ﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻞ ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺢّ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ﹾﺜﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑِ ِﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﹰ‬‫ﺼ ِﻔ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭ ِﻩ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇِ ِﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺜﻨ‪‬ﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻤّﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ ﹶﻞّ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺼ ِﻔ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺑ ﹶﻜﻠﹶﺎ ٍﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨِﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ِﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺜﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻜﹸﻮ ٍ‬
‫ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻘﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻲ‪ ‬ﺩﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢّ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺩِﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ‪ .‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹾﻞ ﻗﹶﻮﹸﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮّ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ﹶﻗ ﱡﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ﹲﺔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ِﻤ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﲑ ِﻩ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴِ‬‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﻞ ﹸﻗِﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﻞﱠ ﻣِﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪1. Definisinya‬‬
‫‪2. Ketentuan Seputar Orang yang Iqrâr-nya Diterima‬‬
‫‪3. Beberapa Ketentuan Seputar Istitsnâ` dalam Iqrâr‬‬
‫‪4. Orang yang Ber-iqrâr dengan Hal yang Mujmal, Kemudian Menafsirkan‬‬
‫‪Hal Tersebut‬‬

‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫‪Pasal‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺃ ِﺫ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍ ﹶﳌ ﹾﺄﺫﹸﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘّ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜ ﹶﻠّ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ ِﺇ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻏ ِ‬
‫ﳊ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓِﻲ ِﺇ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺒﺪِ‪،‬‬
‫ﻚﺍﹸ‬
‫ﻕ ﹸﺃ ِﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺑِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ِ ‬ﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹾﻞ ِﺇ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻃﻠﹶﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻗﺼ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻔِﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺃ ِﺫ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠّ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺑ ِﺬ ‪‬ﻣِّﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ ِﻌ ‪‬ﺘﻖِ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳّﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﺄﺫﹸﻭﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟِﺘّﺠ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫]ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﺪِﻳ ِﻖ ﺳ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ِﺮ‬
‫ﺙ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭ ٍ‬
‫ﺽ ﺍ ﹶﳌ ‪‬ﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ﺑِﺎﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ِﻟﹶﺄﺟ‪‬ﻨِﺒ ٍﻲّ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺮِﻳ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺢّ ِﺇ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭﺛﹰﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﲑ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭ ٍ‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﻏﹶ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﲑ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭ ٍ‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﻓﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ِ ‬ﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭ ٍ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺗ ِﺮ ﹶﻛ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺩ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﱢ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺢ‪ِ ‬ﺇ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺑﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭﺙٍ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ﹶﳌﻴ‪‬ﺖِ ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻭﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺅﻩ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﹶﻟّﺎ ﺃﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪218‬‬ ‫‪Imam Ibnu Qudamah t‬‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭﻓﹶﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪّﻳ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘّ ِﺮ ﹶﻛ ِﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺫِﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ ‬ﺟﻤِﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺭﹶﺛ ِﺔ ِﺑﺪ‪‬ﻳ ٍﻦ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮﺭ‪ِ‬ﺛ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭﻣِﺎﹶﺋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫ ٍﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑﻤِﺎﹶﺋ ٍﺔ ﺩ‪‬ﻳﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺣﻘﱢﻪِ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺧﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭ ِﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮّ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩِﺗ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺧِﻴﻪِ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃﺑِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ ِﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﻻ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ِﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ِﻠ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ِﺮ ِﱘ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪّ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟِﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪ ‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢّ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩّﻋ‪‬ﻰ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣﺜﹾ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻣِﺎﹶﺋ ﹰﺔ ﻓﹶﺎﺩ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻣِﺎﹶﺋ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃﺑِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻠّ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭّ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺷ‪ ‬ﻲ َﺀ ﻟِﻠﹶﺜّﺎﻧِﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﻭّ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩّﻋ‪‬ﺎﻫ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺴِ‬
‫ﺠ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟﻤِﺎﹶﺋ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ِﻠ ٍ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪّ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍ ِﻻ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭّ ِﻝ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻲ َﺀ ﻟِﻠﹶﺜّﺎﻧِﻲ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣﻬ‪‬ﺎ؛ ِﻟﹶﺄﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮّ‪‬ﺗﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻴ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪّ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟِﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢّ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩّﻋ‪‬ﺎﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺩِﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺑِﺈ ﹾﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭ ِﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Iqrâr Tertolak dari Orang yang Bukan Mukallaf, Kecuali Hal yang‬‬
‫‪Diizinkan untuk Anak Kecil‬‬
‫‪2. Tentang Iqrâr Safîh‬‬
‫‪3. Tentang Iqrâr Budak‬‬
‫‪4. Tentang Iqrâr Orang Sakit kepada Orang Lain atau Ahli Warisnya‬‬
‫‪5. Tentang Melunasi Utang Pewaris‬‬
‫‪6. Tentang Ahli Waris yang Mengakui Adanya Utang/Tanggungan Pewaris‬‬

‫‪2y1‬‬
‫ﺤِﺒ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬‫ﺤﻤ‪ٍ ‬ﺪ ﻭ‪‬ﺁِﻟ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪ِ ‬ﺪﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺁ ِﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻜﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
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