MODUL PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS

CHAPTER 9:

HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT

Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris

Program Lintas Minat/Peminatan

Kelas XI Semester 2

SMA NEGERI 1 KARANGANOM

KLATEN

JAWA TENGAH

2021/2022
 PEMERINTAH PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
DINAS PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN
SMA NEGERI 1 KARANGANOM
2021-2022

CHAPTER 9
HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT

TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN:
1. Siswa dapat menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan
teks hortatory exposition lisan dan tulis, terkait isu aktual

2. Siswa dapat membedakan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks hortatory
exposition lisan dan tulis sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya

3. Siswa dapat menyusun teks hortatory exposition lisan dan tulis, terkait isu aktual, dengan memperhatikan
fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan, secara benar dan sesuai konteks
Unlike Analytical Exposition Text, Hortatory Exposition Text presents Recommendation in the end of
paragraph of Hortatory Exposition Text. In this Recommendation, the author tries to invite and persuade the
reader to do something. This is very different from the Analytical Exposition which puts Reiteration or rewrites
the main idea of the text as the closing of the text without invitation or recommendation.
(Hortatory Exposition ada bagian rekomendasi atau saran di bagian akhir, sedangkan Analytical Exposition
hanya menyajikan argumen saja. Dari sisi argumen, Hortatory menyajikan fakta/hasil survey/ penelitian yang
lebih kuat dan meyakinkan.)

Hortatory exposition is a text which represents the attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something
or act in certain way.

That is the simple definition of hortatory exposition text, if you are still difficult to understand this text. Let’s
look at the generic structure and language feature.

Generic structure of Hortatory Exposition

# Thesis (General Statement)
The writer point of view about the topic discussed. (menyajikan topic atau pokok bahasan yang ditekankan)
# Arguments
Series of argument which strengthen the thesis stated before. (They can be from researches, studies or data)
(beberapa paragraph yang berisi argumen dan seringkali menyajikan lebih banyak hasil survey/ hasil
penelitian/ fakta yang kuat untuk meyakinkan pembaca)
# Recommendation
The writer gives recommendation, suggestion or solution to the reader.
(berada di akhir teks, berisi rekomendasi atau saran untuk pembaca)

Purpose of Hortatory Exposition

Hortatory exposition is used to persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the
case or be done.

Language feature of Hortatory Exposition

1. Using action verb
2. Using a mental process, e.g., think, feel, understand, etc.
3. Using Simple present tense
4. Using Modal auxiliaries: Should, ought to, had better
5. Using compound and complex sentences
6. There are several arguments that begin with (words to link): firstly, secondly, thirdly, however, …
7. Sometimes, it contains recommendation that begins with:
– In my opinion, it’s better …
– I think … should ….
– I think … should be ……
– For these reasons …. Should …
SIMPLE, COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCE

SIMPLE SENTENCE
- A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb. (subject and predicate)
(simple sentence atau kalimat sederhana hanya terdiri dari satu subjek dan predikat atau kata kerja saja)
- It expresses a single complete thought that can stand on its own.
(berisi satu ide atau pemikiran komplit dan bisa berdiri sendiri—atau tidak menimbulkan ambigu/ keanehan)

Examples:
1. The baby cried for food.
The baby is cute
^ There is a subject and a verb that expresses a complete thought.
^ “is cute” is the predicate or verb in form of “to be + adjective”
(bentuk predikat atau verb tidak harus kata kerja tetapi bisa juga gabungan to be + kata sifat, atau juga bisa
to be + kata keterangan--adverb)
2. Professor Maple’s intelligent students completed and turned in their homework.
^ A simple sentence does not necessarily have to be short. It can have adjectives. In this case, there are two
verbs “completed” and “turned in.” However, the sentence expresses one complete thought and therefore
is a simple sentence.
(simple sentence juga bisa terdiri dari dua klausa. Dua klausa tidak selalu termasuk ke dalam compound
sentence karena pada contoh ini subjek kalimat sama, jadi masih dikategorikan simple sentence. Tapi, jika
subjek beda maka sudah masuk compound sentence.
Professor Maple’s intelligent students completed their homework. → klausa pertama
Professor Maple’s intelligent students turned in their homework. → klausa kedua

Dua klausa di atas masih berbagi subjek yang sama yaitu Professor Maple’s intelligent students dan
dihubungkan konjungsi “and”)

3. Megan and Ron ate too much and felt sick.

^ Although there are two subjects and two verbs, it is still a simple sentence because both verbs share the
same subjects and express one complete thought.
(Contoh di atas bisa dijabarkan seperti ini;
Megan and Ron ate too much. → klausa pertama
Megan and Ron felt sick. → klausa kedua
Kedua klausa tersebut masih mempunyai subjek yang sama yaitu Megan and Ron)

COMPOUND SENTENCE
- A compound sentence has two independent clauses. An independent clause is a part of a sentence that
can stand alone because it contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
(Compound sentence terdiri dari dua klausa independent atau klausa yang bisa berdiri sendiri. Layaknya
klausa, syarat minimalnya adalah adanya subjek dan predikat atau kata kerja)
- Basically, a compound contains two simple sentences.
- These independent clauses are joined by a conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
(Konjungsi yang sering menghubungkan klausa yang ada di compound sentence yaitu for, and, nor, but, or,
yet, so)
Examples:
1. The shoplifter had stolen clothes, so he ran once he saw the police.
^ Both sides of the conjunction “so” are complete sentences. “The shoplifter had stolen clothes” can stand
alone and so can “he ran once he saw the police.” Therefore, this is a compound sentence.
(maksud dri dua klausa independen/ bisa berdiri sendiri adalah ketika dipisah maka tidak ada ambigu atau
keanehan pada klausa tsb.
The shoplifter had stolen clothes → tetap bisa menjadi satu ide atau gagasan yang bisa berdiri sendiri
he ran once he saw the police. → begitu pun dengan klausa ini, bisa berdiri sendiri tanpa harus bergabung
dengan klausa lain.
Dua klausa diatas dihubungkan dengan konjungsi “so”)
2. They spoke to him in Spanish, but he responded in English.
^ This is also a compound sentence that uses a conjunction to separate two individual clauses.

Complex Sentences
- A complex sentence is an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A dependent
clause either lacks a subject or a verb or has both a subject and a verb that does not express a complete
thought.
(complex sentence terdiri dari satu klausa independen dan satu atau lebih klausa dependen. Klausa
dependen adalah kebalikan dari independen, artinya tidak bisa berdiri sendiri.)
- A complex sentence always has a subordinator (as, because, since, after, although, when) or relative
pronouns (who, that, which, whose).
(biasanya ditandai dengan subordinator seperti di atas)
Examples:
1. After eating lunch at The Cheesecake Factory, Tim went to the gym to exercise.
^ The independent clause is ‘Tim went to the gym to exercise.” The subordinating clause before the comma
is dependent clause. If someone were to say “after eating lunch at The Cheesecake Factory,” it would be an
incomplete sentence.
Jika dipisah maka klausa dependen akan terlihat ambigu dan tidak bisa berdiri sendiri serta terkesan masih
ada yang kurang dari klausa tsb.
After eating lunch at The Cheesecake Factory → klausa dependen
Klausa ini perlu bantuan dari klausa lain untuk berdiri.
Tim went to the gym to exercise. → klausa independen
Tanpa klausa lain pun, klausa independen di atas sudah komplit secara arti dan bisa berdiri sendiri

2. My father knows where Uncle Sam lives.

^ The subject is “my father”, the verb is “know” and the object is “where uncle Sam lives”. The first clause
(My father knows) is an independent clause; it means the clause can stand by itself without needing the
other clause. The second clause (where Uncle Sam lives) is a dependent clause; it means it cannot stand by
itself and need independent clause.
My father knows → klausa independen
where Uncle Sam lives → klausa dependen

3. The woman who taught Art History 210 was fired for stealing school supplies.
^ The dependent clause in this sentence is “who taught Art History 210” because if removed, the rest of the
sentence would stand as an independent clause. “Who taught Art History 210” is an adjective clause that
provides necessary details about the subject, woman.
The woman was fired for stealing school supplies → klausa independen

who taught Art History 210 → klausa dependen

Compound-Complex Sentences
- A compound-complex sentence has two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
(compound-complex sentence terdiri dari dua klausa independen dan paling tidak satu klausa dependen)
Examples:
1. After the two soccer players lost their game, they joined their other teammates for lunch, and they went
to the movies.
^ If we remove the dependent clause “after the two soccer players lost their game,” we have a compound
sentence. The dependent clause makes this sentence compound-complex.
2. The man believed in the system, and he knew that justice would prevail after the murderer was sent to
jail.

NOUN CLAUSE
Noun clause atau klausa kata benda merupakan kata benda yang berwujud klausa. Untuk itu syarat
minimumnya adalah adanya subjek dan predikat atau kata kerja.
Biasanya kata benda dalam bahasa Inggris hanya berwuju kata atau kumpulan kata saja;
- Bird, book, Jane, Tom, car → kata benda yang berwujud satu kata saja
- The bird, a black book, the expensive car → kata benda yang berwujud frasa kata benda atau kumpulan kata
yang membentuk kata benda
Nah, noun clause atau klausa kata benda singkatnya adalah kata it yang digantikan oleh suatu klausa
Misalkan:
I like it.
I like what you wear. → what you wear = it (artinya apa yang kamu kenakan, hal ini mengacu pada benda
yang dipakai seseorang)

Do you her address?

Do you know where she lives? → her address = where she lives

Our teacher has explained it.

Our teacher has explained that water boils at 100°C.

We will talk about the agenda.

We will talk about if our parentS don’t approve the tour.

Tips: Jangan samakan Noun clause dengan kalimat tanya saat Noun clause muncul dengan menggunakan /
diawali dengan question words seperti what, where, who, when, where, how ataupun why. Susunan tetap
seperti kalimat biasa (positif atau negative tergantung kalimatnya.)
→ kalimat tanya: Where does she live? (does keluar dari verb “live” dan berada sebelum subjek, ini adalah
tipikal dari bentuk kalimat tanya)
Noun clause: I want to tell you where she lives (does masuk ke verb live, maka dari itu ditambah “s”,
berada setelah subject “she”)
Noun clause juga bisa juga diawali dengan that, if ataupun whether.
Posisi noun clause bisa berada di subjek ataupun objek:
- I know where he lives.
Posisi noun clause ada di objek.
Subjek: I,
Verb: know.
- Where he lives is misterious
What he does stuns me.
Noun clause pada dua kalimat di atas berada di posisi subjek.
Subjek : Where he lives
Verb: stuns
To be: is
Objek: me
mysterious (berupa adjective)
Example of Hortatory Exposition Text!
Implementing Health Protocols
Structure in the midst of Pandemic Linguistic Features
(title)
Thesis People start to abandon the habit of wearing masks The simple present tense
and keep their distance amid the pandemic that has been Complex sentence
going on for nearly nine months. Is it okay to ignore the Simple sentence
health protocols? The answer is absolutely no. We should
keep obeying the health protocols because the pandemic
is not over yet.
Arguments In the early pandemic, most of the people are Words to link the arguments
discipline in obeying the health protocols such as wearing The simple present tense
mask, washing hands, and keeping a distance. These days, Complex sentence
there is a pandemic fatigue where people are tired of Simple sentence
being restricted for months in this pandemic.
However, this phenomenon cannot be a reason for us
to ignore the health protocols. It is because there is no
cure yet which to combat the ferocity of the coronavirus.
The most important thing that we can do is stick to health
protocols so that we can break the chain of virus spread.
In addition, CDC or Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention recommends us to wear mask since it can
prevent us from getting or spreading the virus.
Recommenda Therefore, we need to continue to protect ourselves Modals to express suggestion
tion from exposure to the virus for the good of ourselves and or recommendation
others. To overcome fatigue in the midst of a pandemic, Words showing mental
we can try to keep in touch with the people closest to us process
so that we will not feel bored. We should remember that Simple sentence
everyone can be exposed to viruses and vaccines still Complex sentence
cannot be used, so it is important to always implement Compound-complex sentence
health protocols, especially when there is an urgent
matter that requires us to leave the house.
(source: www.kompas.com)
EXERCISE
Analyze the text below by using the same way or the same table as the example above!
(lengkapi analisis di dalam table dengan meneruskan analisis dari minggu lalu, kemudian upload file ke kolom
tugas di Google Calssroom kalian masing-masing))
Watch your Kids While Watching TV

Television becomes one of the most important devices which take place in almost houses. It can unite all
members of the family as well as separate them. However, is it important to know what your kids are
watching? The answer is, of course, absolutely “Yes” and that should be done by all parents. Television can
expose things you have tried to protect the children from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism and
so on.
Recently, a study of certain scientists in Europe demonstrated that spending too much time on watching
TV during the day or at bedtime often causes bed-time disruption, stress, and short sleep duration. Kids
normally need 6 until 7 hours to sleep at night. However, if they continue to watch TV until late at night, it will
eventually affect their mental and health.
Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time spent for
watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive. Some TV
shows has adult ratings and if those shows display violence and inappropriate actions from the actors or
actresses, kids tend to imitate or, at the least, they will keep that in their memories until they become
adolescence.
Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being
inactive and overweight. Kids who are really enjoying some of their favorite TV shows decide to have snacks
while watching them. This behavior can lead to be an overweight because kids keep eating while doing
nothing in return.
Considering some facts above, protecting your children with right steps would be a perfect start to avoid
unwanted effects. You could limit television viewing to one-two hours each day. You should never allow your
children to have a TV set in their own bedrooms. TV rating is an important thing to notice; therefore you
should always review the rating of TV shows which your children watch. The last step, will be watching
television with your children and discussing what is happening in the show.