eNOTA
BLS BASIC
CPR-CHOKING-AED
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Sekalung penghargaan dan terima kasih kepada semua rakan dan sahabat yang
turut sama berkongsi risalah dan sumber ilmu untuk penghasilan nota ini.
Semoga usaha dan kerjasama sebegini akan berterusan untuk kemajuan bersama.
NAMA:
MYKAD:
ORGANISASI:
TARIKH KURSUS:
yang berdaftar dan termaktub dalam Seksyen 7 Akta Pertubuhan 1966 di bawah
dan profesional bagi melengkapi keperluan industri dan negara. Modul dan silibus
DROWNING IS SILENT
1/ CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
2/ CHOKING
3/ AUTOMATED EXTENAL DEFIBRILATOR
Anatomi Jantung
Sistem Kardiovaskular
Organ —> Jantung dan Salur Darah
Fungsi —> Menghantar darah ke seluruh badan
Mengangkut gas-gas respiratori
Anatomi Paru-Paru
Sistem Respiratori
Organ —> Hidung, Salur Darah dan Paru-paru
Fungsi —> Membekal oksigen
Menyingkir karbon dioksida
Pertukaran gas
Mengekal kestabilan persekitaran
Inhale Air atau udara yang disedut masuk mengandungi 21% Oksigen, di mana
hanya 3% - 5% yang diguna-pakai oleh paru-paru.
Exhale Air atau udara yang dibuang mengandungi kira-kira 16% - 18% Oksigen.
Berapa peratuskah ‘Used Air’ atau udara yang telah diguna-pakai yang
diperlukan oleh mangsa?
Teknik:
Penyelamat membuat HEMBUSAN untuk
memasukkan UDARA ke dalam PARU-PARU dengan
kaedah;
1. Mulut ke Mulut
2. Mulut ke Hidung
3. Mulut ke Hidung dan Mulut
Teknik:
Penyelamat membuat TEKANAN secara
Disokong oleh:
Teknik:
Penyelamat menggunakan satu kaedah pemulihan pernafasan yang dilakukan
dengan DUA PERGERAKAN, iaitu HEMBUSAN dan TEKANAN JANTUNG
secara bergilir-gilir.
7. KELEBIHAN CPR
- Pertukaran udara banyak
- Boleh bantu dengan cepat
- Tidak perlu peralatan khas
- Seorang penyelamat
- Tangan penyelamat bebas-gerak
- Hasil dengan segera
8. MASALAH CPR
- Dada tidak turun naik
- Penutupan mulut yang bocor
- Tekanan tidak tepat dan kuat
- Pemuntahan
- Pendarahan
a) Kematian Klinikal
b) Kematian Otak
- Sel-sel otak mulai mati antara 4 hingga 6 minit selepas denyutan jantung dan
pernafasan terhenti.
- Selepas 10 minit, semua sel-sel otak akan mati.
Guidelines 2005
❖ DANGER (BAHAYA)
❖ RESPONSE (TINDAKBALAS)
❖ AIRWAY (SALURAN PERNAFASAN)
❖ BREATHING (PERNAFASAN)
❖ CIRCULATION (PEREDARAN)
Guidelines 2011
❖ DANGER (BAHAYA)
❖ RESPONSE (TINDAKBALAS)
❖ CIRCULATION (PEREDARAN)
❖ AIRWAY (SALURAN PERNAFASAN)
❖ BREATHING (PERNAFASAN)
❖ DEFIBRILLATION (AED)
Guidelines NCORT
❖ DANGER (BAHAYA)
❖ RESPONSE (TINDAKBALAS)
❖ SHOUT (MINTA TOLONG)
❖ AIRWAY (SALURAN PERNAFASAN)
❖ BREATHING (PERNAFASAN)
❖ CIRCULATION (PEREDARAN)
❖ DEFIBRILLATION (AED)
❖ DANGER (BAHAYA)
- Pastikan keselamatan anda.
- Pastikan mangsa anda.
- Alihkan bahaya dari mangsa.
- Alihkan mangsa dari bahaya.
- Kurangkan pergerakan.
❖ RESPONSE (TINDAKBALAS)
- Panggil dan kejutkan mangsa.
- Tiada tindakbalas dari mangsa.
❖ BREATHING (PERNAFASAN)
- Tekap mulut anda ke atas mulut mangsa.
- Beri 2 x hembusan perlahan.
- Picit hidung semasa hembus.
- Lihat dada naik dan turun.
❖ CIRCULATION (PEREDARAN)
- Denyutan jantung – periksa nadi karotik sebelah
trakea dengan 2 jari.
- Ada nadi, ada denyutan jantung.
- Tiada nadi, tiada denyutan jantung.
- Beri 30x tekanan, 2x hembusan (Push Hard, Push Fast).
Early defibrillation is an essential step in the chain of survival for victims of cardiac
arrest. It is advocated for use by lay rescuers.
Recommendation
• Defibrillation (AED and/or Manual) training shall be part of BLS course content.
• Rescuers shall be taught to attach the defibrillator as soon as it is available, with
minimal interruptions to chest compression.
• Chest compression should immediately resume after 1 shock.
Recommendation
A portable device that checks the heart rhythm and can send an electric shock to
the heart to try to restore a normal rhythm.
The electrodes send information about the person's heart rhythm to a computer in
the AED.
The computer analyzes the heart rhythm to find out whether an electric shock is
needed.
If a shock is needed, the AED uses voice prompts to tell you when to give the
shock, and the electrodes deliver it.
Electrocardiograph – VF, VT
• Follow the adult BLS sequence as described in the basic life support chapter.
• Do not delay starting CPR unless the AED is available immediately.
• Check for puddles or water near the person who is unconscious.
• Move him or her to a dry area, and stay away from wetness when delivering
shocks (water conducts electricity).
• Turn on the AED's power.
• The device will give you step-by-step instructions. You'll hear voice prompts and
see prompts on a screen.
• Expose the person's chest.
• If the person's chest is wet, dry it. AEDs have sticky pads with sensors called
electrodes.
• Apply the pads to the person's chest.
• Place one pad on the right center of the person's chest above the nipple.
• Place the other pad slightly below the other nipple and to the left of the ribcage.
• It is important that this pad is placed sufficiently and that it is clear of any breast
tissue.
• Make sure the sticky pads have good connection with the skin.
• Clean the skin before applying the sticky pads (e.g chest hair, medication patch,
metal necklaces, body piercings).
• Move the defibrillator pads at least 8cm away from implanted devices
(pacemaker or implantable cardioveter defibrillator).
• If more than one rescuer is present, continue CPR while the AED is switched on.
• If you are alone, stop CPR and switch on the AED.
• Stay clear and ensure that nobody touches the victim while the AED is analysing
the victim’s heart rhythm.
• The AED will let you know when to deliver the shock.
• Stand clear of the person and make sure others are clear before you push the
AED's "shock" button.
• Push the shock button as directed
• Continue as directed by the voice / visual prompts of the AED.
• Minimise, as far as possible, interruptions in chest compression.
If No Shock Is Indicated