3
5-6 Mhs dapat Spekt Dapat menjelaskan: Tutorial Text- Studi
menjelaskan rosko 1.absorpsi radiasi IR , book, kasus
prinsip- pi IR 2.penanganan sampel diskusi, artikel-
prinsip dan 3.spembacaan spektra IR latihan artikel
t i
teori soall t k it
terkait
spektroskopi
IR dalam
penentuan
struktur
7-8 Mhs dapat Spekt Dapat menjelaskan: Tutorial Textbook, Studi
menjelaskan rosko 1.prinsip-prinsip spektroskopi MS ,diskusi, artikel- kasus
prinsip- pi MS 2.prinsip-prinsip fragmentasi latihan artikel
prinsip dan 3.efek isotop dan aturan nitrogen soal terkait
teori spek- 4.indeks kekurangan hidrogen
troskopi MS 5.perbedaan metoda ionisasi sampel
dalam penen- 6.prinsip GC-MS
tuan struktur 7.Latihan membaca spektra massa
9 Mhs telah Idem Idem dari minggu ke 1-8 UTS Textbook, Tes
mampu men- dari bahan tulis
jelaskan ke- mingg 4 perkuliah
terkaitan kon- u ke 1 an, ar-
sep
p diberikan -8 tikel-ar-
di minggu 1-8 tikel ter-
kait
4
10-11.5 Mhs dapat Spektrosko Dapat menjelaskan: Tutorial, Textbook, Studi
menjelaskan pi 1H-NMR 1.fenomena resonansi diskusi, latihan artikel-artikel kasus
prinsip- 2.peralatan dan soal terkait
prinsip dan penanganan sampel
teori 3.pergeseran kimia
spektroskopi 4.macam medan magnet
1H NMR imbasan
dalam 5.Mencacah proton,
penent an
penentuan kopling spin
spin-spin
spin
struktur 6.penggunaan D2O
7.Latihan membaca
spektra 1H NMR
8.Penentuan struktur
dengan data rumus
molekul, IR dan 1H NMR
11.5- Mhs dapat Spektrosko Dapat menjelaskan: Tutorial, Textbook, Studi
13.5 menjelaskan pi 13C- 1.perbedaan prinsip diskusi, latihan artikel-artikel kasus
prinsip- NMR dengan spektroskopi 13C soal terkait
prinsip dan NMR
teori 13
2.tipe spektra C NMR
spektroskopi 3.penentuan karbon metin,
13C dalam metilena dan metil
penentuan 4.Latihan membaca
struktur p
spektra 13C NMR
6
MIXED OF COMPOUNDS in RESOURCES
OH
OH
HO
H HO O
H OH O
O OH O
OH
O OH HO OH
HO OH
O OH
H O CH3
OH OH O
OH
HO OH
OH
O O O
O
HO OH
OH
O
OH O
OH
HO OH HO O
O O
OH 7
OH O HO
OH O
7
8
8
9
9
The basic structure of testosterone ((malehor mone)) and
estradiol (female hormone) is identical.
Both are steroids with four fused carbon rings, but they
diff in
differ i the
th functional
f ti l groups attached
tt h d to
t the
th rings.
i
These then interact with different targets in the body.
10
KIMIA ANALISA SENYAWA ORGANIK
C C OH
H2 H2
2-feniletanol
11
11
The processes commonly used for The
separation and purification of organic
compounds are
((1)) Extraction with solvents
(2) Chromatography
((3)) Distillation
(4) Fractional
((5)) Crystallisarion
y
(6). Structures Elucidation
12
TAHAP -TAHAP PEMISAHAN
Anti
A ti HIV
Pemisahan Senyawa antikanker
antimikrobial
antitumor
Ekstraksi : FFraksinasi,
k i i
Maserasi antimalaria
Perkolasi Pemurnian,
sokletasi Kristalisasi Uji biologi
S-1
EKSTRAK SENYAWA S-2
SAMPEL
MURNI
Heksan K. vakum cair
K cair, S-2
S 2
Benzena K. kolom grafitasi
CHCl3 Uji kemurnian,
K. kolom flash Elusidasi struktur,
Etil asetat
Aseton K sistem radial,
K. radial Data spektroskopi
Metanol K. lapis tipis preparatif
K. lapis tipis 13 C C OH
H2 H2
2-feniletanol
13
JENIS EKSTRAKSI
natural sources
14
EKSTRAK PADAT
EVAPORASI
15
PELARUT
15
Kromatogram KLT hasil fragsinasi
16
16
Titik Leleh
Kristal
17
17
PENENTUAN STRUKTUR
DATA FISIKA
¾TITIK LELEH
¾KELARUTAN
¾UJI KUMURNIAN
SPEKTROSKOPI
UJI KEMURNIAN
klt dengan
g variasi eluen (kepolaran)
( p )
Kristal
Uji titik leleh Δ ± 10
ANALISA UNSUR
The Emperical formula of a compounds
is the simplest formula which expresses
percentage composition (C1H1Cl3)n
(FM = [EM]n)
S k
Spektrum M
Massa (MS)
19
ANALISIS SENYAWA
Analisa unsur
Kemurnian senyawa, Komposisi
unsur Rumus empiris
unsur, empiris,
Rumus molekul =
(sama RE atau n x RE)
20
REAKSI-REAKSI KIMIAWI
1. Reaksi ozonolisis
2. Penyabunan digunakan unt mengkonversi
molekul rumit jadi sederhana
3. Identifikasi gugus fungsi dg uji reaksi kimia
(bromin permanganat untuk kejenuhan;
(bromin,
cermin perak Tollen untuk aldehid dan keton)
4. Ferri sianida untuk gugus fenol
21
5. Alkilasi, asetilasi untuk alkohol, dll
21
Setelah diketahui gugus fungsi dari reaksi
kimia maka dapat mengkonversi senyawa yang
kimia,
unknown tersebut to known compound
Contoh :
Aldehida :
dioksidasi denga KMnO4, maka gugus R pada
aldehid sama dg R pada asam hasil reaksi
H OH
KMnO4
RC O RC O
22
Jika R ≠ maka timbul masalah ?
1. Pada era 60 an, penemuan komputer dan
equipment
i t spektroskopi
kt k i oleh
l h ahli
hli fisika,
fi ik
membantu siencetist Natural products Chemists
menentukan struktur senyawa-senyawa
y y y
yang
g
komplek atau rumit
2 Spektroskopi UV,
2. UV IR
IR, 1H-
1H-, 13C-NMR (D
(D, 2D
2D, 3D)
3D),
dan MS dapat diaplikasikan untuk penentuan
struktur.
23
23
The Source of Organic
g Compounds
p
sunlight
6 CO2 + 6 H2O 6 O2 + C6H12O6
glucose
cellulose&
starch
animals
fuel &
coal &
consumer
petroleum
goods
24
Copyright© 1999, Michael J. Wovkulich. All rights reserved.
There are millions
Th illi off organic
i compounds d known.
k Wh t’
What’s
responsible for this? (1) Carbon can form single, double, and triple
bonds with many elements, most importantly H, N, O, P, S, and the
halogens.
g ((2)) Carbon can form chains and rings.
g
chain
ring
double
bond
single Penicillin
bond
26
SPEKTRUM UV
27
27
HO O
OH O
28
28
29
29
30
30
EMPERICAL and MOLECULAR FORMULAE
Step 1.
Divide the % composition of each element by its resprective atomc weight
C 10,06 / 12 = 0,84 H 0,84 / 1 = 0,84 Cl 89,10 / 35,5 = 2,51
Step 2.
Divide these numbers by smallest number (in this case 0,84)
C 0,84 / 0,84 = 1 H 0,84 / 0,84 = 1 Cl 2,51 31
/ 0,84 = 3
31
E M F Con’t ..
when
h n = 1,1 2,
2 3 etc.
t
When n= 1, the molecular formula coincides with the
empirical formula. It follows from the above relation that
Whence
32
E M F Con’t ..
Probl. 1.
Percentage composition of an organic substance as determined by analysis was
Rumus Empiris
(C2H3Cl3O2)n
33
33
E M F Con’t ..
Exp. 1.
Exp 1 An organic compound has been found to possess the
empirical formula CH2O and the molecular weight 90. Give its
molecular formula (C= 12 H= 1; 0 = 16)
34
34
The molecule weight of a compounds is the weight of one molecule of it as compared
to the weight of an atom of hydrogen as 1.
The methods commonlyy employed
p y for determiation of molecular
weight of organic substance are :
35
35
PEMURNIAN
Crystallization
1 S
1. Solid
lid organic
i compoundsd produced
d d in
i the
th
laboratory usually need to be purified.
2 The most common technique involves
2.
Recrystallizing the sample from an
appropriate Solvent.
3. The Recrystallization process is a
relatively slow and selective formation of
crystals from a solvent
solvent.
36
4. Precipitation is a rapid and nonselective
process; thus not used to purify samples.
samples
36
Recryst….. Con’t
37
Recrystallization (Con’t
38
Recrystallization (Con’t
B
Solubiliity
Temperature
The “C” curve is a good solvent39:
g y soluble at room temperature
Solute sparingly
Solute very soluble at elevated temperature
39
Recrystallization (Con’t
40
40
Recrystallization (Con’t
Upon cooling,
g the “Melted” solute will “Oil” out
forming an insoluble mass that is not purified
f. The solvent should not react with the solute
g. Compounds with functional groups that can form
hydrogen bonds (-OH, -NH-, -COOH, -CONH-) 41 will
y y (p
be more soluble in hydroxylic (polar)) solvents such
as Methanol and Water.
41