Proses 𝚫𝑾 𝚫𝑼 𝚫𝑸
𝑨→𝑩
𝑩→𝑪
𝑪→𝑫
𝑫→𝑬
Total
b) ∮ 𝒅𝑾 < 𝟎
A ke B = Isobarik
𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅(𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝐴 )
= 𝑛𝑅(2𝑇0 − 𝑇0 )
= 𝑛𝑅𝑇0
B ke C = Isokhorik
𝑊=0
C ke D = Isobarik
𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅(𝑇𝐷 − 𝑇𝐶 )
= 𝑛𝑅(2𝑇0 − 4𝑇0 )
= −2𝑛𝑅𝑇0
D ke A = Isokhorik
𝑊=0
𝚫𝑾 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍:
Δ𝑊 = (𝑛𝑅𝑇0 ) + 0 + (−2𝑛𝑅𝑇0 ) + 0
= −nRT0
∮ 𝑑𝑊 = ∮ −𝑛𝑅𝑇0
Hasil integralnya akan < 0 atau minus (TERBUKTI)
c) ∮ 𝒅𝑸 < 𝟎
A ke B = Isobarik
𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝐴 )
= 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (2𝑇0 − 𝑇0 )
= 𝑛𝐶𝑃 𝑇0
B ke C = Isokhorik
𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐶 − 𝑇𝐵 )
= 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (4𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 )
= 2𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0
C ke D = Isobarik
𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (𝑇𝐷 − 𝑇𝐶 )
= 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (2𝑇0 − 4𝑇0 )
= −2𝑛𝐶𝑃 𝑇0
D ke A = Isokhorik
𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐴 − 𝑇𝐷 )
= 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 )
= −𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0
𝚫𝑸 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍:
Δ𝑄 = (𝑛𝐶𝑃 𝑇0 ) + (2𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0 ) + (−2𝑛𝐶𝑃 𝑇0 ) + (−𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0 )
= nT0 (𝐶𝑉 − 𝐶𝑃 ) dengan 𝐶𝑉 − 𝐶𝑃 = −𝑅
= −𝑛𝑅𝑇0
∮ 𝑑𝑊 = ∮ −𝑛𝑅𝑇0
∮ 𝑑𝑄 = ∮ 𝑑𝑊
𝒅𝑸
e) ∮ 𝒅𝑺 = ∮ 𝑻 = 𝟎
𝑑𝑄 𝑇 𝑑𝑠
∮ =∮
𝑇 𝑇
= ∮ 𝑑𝑠
1 𝑝
=∮ 𝑑𝑈 + 𝑑𝑉
𝑇 𝑇
1 𝑝
= ∮ (0) + (0)
𝑇 𝑇
= ∮0
=0
1.3 Rekapitulasi
Proses 𝚫𝑾 𝚫𝑼 𝚫𝑸
𝑛𝑅Δ𝑇 𝑛𝐶𝑉 Δ𝑇 𝑛𝐶𝑃 Δ𝑇
𝑛𝑅(𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝐴 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝐴 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝐴 )
𝑨→𝑩
𝑛𝑅(2𝑇0 − 𝑇0 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (2𝑇0 − 𝑇0 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (2𝑇0 − 𝑇0 )
𝑛𝑅𝑇0 𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0 𝑛𝐶𝑃 𝑇0
𝑛𝐶𝑉 Δ𝑇 𝑛𝐶𝑉 Δ𝑇
𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐶 − 𝑇𝐵 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐶 − 𝑇𝐵 )
𝑩→𝑪 0
𝑛𝐶𝑉 (4𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (4𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 )
2𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0 2𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0
𝑛𝑅Δ𝑇 𝑛𝐶𝑉 Δ𝑇 𝑛𝐶𝑃 Δ𝑇
𝑛𝑅(𝑇𝐷 − 𝑇𝐶 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐷 − 𝑇𝐶 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (𝑇𝐷 − 𝑇𝐶 )
𝑪→𝑫
𝑛𝑅(2𝑇0 − 4𝑇0 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (2𝑇0 − 4𝑇0 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (2𝑇0 − 4𝑇0 )
−2𝑛𝑅𝑇0 −2𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0 −2𝑛𝐶𝑃 𝑇0
𝑛𝐶𝑉 Δ𝑇 𝑛𝐶𝑉 Δ𝑇
𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐴 − 𝑇𝐷 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐴 − 𝑇𝐷 )
𝑫→𝑬 0
𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 )
−𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0 −𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0
Total −𝑛𝑅𝑇0 0 𝑛𝑇0 (𝐶𝑉 − 𝐶𝑃 )
Proses 𝚫𝑾 𝚫𝑼 𝚫𝑸
𝑨→𝑩
𝑩→𝑪
𝑪→𝑫
𝑫→𝑨
Total
b. ∮ 𝒅𝑾 > 𝟎
A ke B = Isokhorik
𝑊=0
B ke C = Isobarik
𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅(𝑇𝐶 − 𝑇𝐵 )
= 𝑛𝑅(4𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 )
= 2𝑛𝑅𝑇0
C ke D = Isokhorik
𝑊=0
D ke A = Isobarik
𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅(𝑇𝐴 − 𝑇𝐷 )
= 𝑛𝑅(𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 )
= −𝑛𝑅𝑇0
𝚫𝑾 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍:
Δ𝑊 = 0 + (2𝑛𝑅𝑇0 ) + 0 + (−𝑛𝑅𝑇0 )
= nRT0
∮ 𝑑𝑊 = ∮ 𝑛𝑅𝑇0
A ke B = Isohorik
𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝐴 )
= 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (2𝑇0 − 𝑇0 )
= 𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0
B ke C = Isobarik
𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (𝑇𝐶 − 𝑇𝐵 )
= 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (4𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 )
= 2𝑛𝐶𝑃 𝑇0
C ke D = Isohorik
𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐷 − 𝑇𝐶 )
= 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (2𝑇0 − 4𝑇0 )
= −2𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0
D ke A = Isobarik
𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (𝑇𝐴 − 𝑇𝐷 )
= 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 )
= −𝑛𝐶𝑃 𝑇0
𝚫𝑸 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍:
Δ𝑄 = (𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0 ) + (2𝑛𝐶𝑃 𝑇0 ) + (−2𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0 ) + (−𝑛𝐶𝑃 𝑇0 )
= nT0 (𝐶𝑃 − 𝐶𝑉 ) dengan 𝐶𝑃 − 𝐶𝑉 = 𝑅
= 𝑛𝑅𝑇0
∮ 𝑑𝑊 = ∮ 𝑛𝑅𝑇0
d. ∮ 𝒅𝑸 = ∮ 𝒅𝑾
∮ 𝑑𝑄 = ∮ 𝑑𝑊
∮ 𝑛𝑅𝑇0 = ∮ 𝑛𝑅𝑇0 (𝑻𝑬𝑹𝑩𝑼𝑲𝑻𝑰)
𝒅𝑸
e. ∮ 𝒅𝑺 = ∮ =𝟎
𝑻
𝑑𝑄 𝑇 𝑑𝑠
∮ =∮
𝑇 𝑇
= ∮ 𝑑𝑠
1 𝑝
=∮ 𝑑𝑈 + 𝑑𝑉
𝑇 𝑇
1 𝑝
=∮ (0) + (0)
𝑇 𝑇
= ∮0
=0
Proses 𝚫𝑾 𝚫𝑼 𝚫𝑸
𝑛𝐶𝑉 Δ𝑇 𝑛𝐶𝑉 Δ𝑇
𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝐴 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝐴 )
𝑨→𝑩 0
𝑛𝐶𝑉 (2𝑇0 − 𝑇0 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (2𝑇0 − 𝑇0 )
𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0 𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0
𝑛𝑅Δ𝑇 𝑛𝐶𝑉 Δ𝑇 𝑛𝐶𝑃 Δ𝑇
𝑛𝑅(𝑇𝐶 − 𝑇𝐵 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐶 − 𝑇𝐵 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (𝑇𝐶 − 𝑇𝐵 )
𝑩→𝑪
𝑛𝑅(4𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (4𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (4𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 )
2𝑛𝑅𝑇0 2𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0 2𝑛𝐶𝑃 𝑇0
𝑛𝐶𝑉 Δ𝑇 𝑛𝐶𝑉 Δ𝑇
𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐷 − 𝑇𝐶 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐷 − 𝑇𝐶 )
𝑪→𝑫 0
𝑛𝐶𝑉 (2𝑇0 − 4𝑇0 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (2𝑇0 − 4𝑇0 )
−2𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0 −2𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0
𝑛𝑅Δ𝑇 𝑛𝐶𝑉 Δ𝑇 𝑛𝐶𝑃 Δ𝑇
𝑛𝑅(𝑇𝐴 − 𝑇𝐷 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇𝐴 − 𝑇𝐷 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (𝑇𝐴 − 𝑇𝐷 )
𝑫→𝑨
𝑛𝑅(𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑉 (𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 ) 𝑛𝐶𝑃 (𝑇0 − 2𝑇0 )
−𝑛𝑅𝑇0 −𝑛𝐶𝑉 𝑇0 −𝑛𝐶𝑃 𝑇0
Total 𝑛𝑅𝑇0 0 𝑛𝑇0 (𝐶𝑃 − 𝐶𝑉 )
2.4 Menghitung efisiensi daruan
Δ𝜔𝑁𝑒𝑡𝑡
𝜂=
Δ𝑄+
nRT0
=
(n CV 𝑇0 + 2𝑛 𝐶𝑃 𝑇0 )
nRT0
=
nT0 (𝐶𝑉 + 2𝐶𝑃 )
R
=
CV + 2𝐶𝑃