Materi 3

Ketrampilan Menghadapi Tes

Kegiatan Basic Study Skill

Fakultas Sains dan Teknik
Universitas Nusa Cendana
2022

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 KETERAMPILAN MENGHADAPI TES

A. Tips Mengikuti Tes ACT

Tes ACT merupakan tes standard yang dipakai secara umum ketika
seseorang mau memasuki Perguruan Tinggi. Pada umumnya, Ada 4 (empat) mata
pelajaran yang biasanya diujikan, yaitu: Bahasa Inggris, Bahasa Indonesia,
Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA).

Tips umum:
 Jawablah pertanyaan yang paling mudah terlebih dahulu, kemudian yang sedang
dan terakhir yang sulit.
 Usahakan menjawab pertanyaan secepat mungkin. Jangan menjawab satu
pertanyaan lebih dari satu menit.
 Selalu Perhatikan waktu anda yang tersisa.
 Jawablah semua pertanyaan dengan baik, perhatikan dalam petunjuk soal
apakah jawaban salah akan mengurangi skor anda atau tidak.
 Anda hanya diperbolehkan untuk memilih satu jawaban yang paling benar.
Jangan membuat dua jawaban atau lebih untuk satu soal.
 Gunakan kertas ujian anda sebagai kertas buram apabila diperlukan.
 Pertimbangkan semua jawaban sebelum anda memilih salah satu diantaranya.
Gunakan proses eliminasi untuk membantu anda memilih jawaban yang paling
benar.

English Section Tips

 Consider the writing style used for each section. The correct answer choice will
be the one that works best with the writing style used.
 When asked a question about something that is underlined, consider how the
underlined portion fits with the rest of the section.
 Examine each answer choice to see how it differs from the others.
 For items that include "No Change" as an answer choice, choose this as your
answer only if you are sure none of the other answer choices are correct.
 Reread the underlined portion with your answer choice to be sure it is correct.

Reading Section Tips

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 Read the passage carefully before you read the questions.
 Focus on the main ideas in the passage. Underline these. Don't get lost in the
details.
 Try to identify how ideas in the passage are connected.
 Refer back to the passage as you answer each question.

Tips Mengerjakan Soal Matematika

 Kerjakan soal sebelum anda melihat jawaban pilihan. Setelah selesai anda
kerjakan, pilihlah jawaban yang sesuai dengan hasil pekerjaan anda. Jika tidak
ada jawaban yang cocok, ulangi mengerjakan soal tersebut.
 Tidak semua soal harus anda kerjakan menggunakan kalkulator. Beberapa soal
jauh lebih baik dikerjakan secara manual, dan bahkan ada beberapa soal yang
tidak memerlukan perhitungan.
 Pada umumnya, lebih banyak soal yang berhubungan dengan alasan daripada
perhitungan. Jika anda terlibat dari perhitungan yang rumit, segeralah anda
keluar dari pekerjaan tersebut.
 Yakinkan diri anda bahwa pilihan anda masuk diakal. Perhitungan yang keliru
akan mengarahkan anda untuk memilih jawaban yang salah.
 Check kembali pekerjaan anda sebelum anda meninggalkan kelas.

Tips Mengerjakan Soal Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

 Given the complexity of the passages, it may help to make some simple notes as
you read them.
 Cross out irrelevant information.
 Don't be overly concerned with any technical terminology. Technical terms usually
have little to do with the correct answer choice.
 Be watchful for conflicting viewpoints in some of the passages.

Writing Section Tips

 Organization of your response is very important. Use a five-paragraph essay that
includes an introduction, supporting paragraphs, and a conclusion.
 Plan your response before you begin to write it.
 Stay with the topic throughout your response.
 Vary your sentence structure and word choices.
 Use specific examples wherever possible.

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 Write legibly.
 If you have time, check your grammar, usage, punctuation, and spelling.
These tips can help you get the most out your knowledge, skills, and abilities
when you take the ACT.

B. Kata-kata/Kalimat Petunjuk Dalam Soal Essai Tes

Kebanyakan soal-soal essai tidak disajikan dalam bentuk pertanyaan, tetapi
soal-soal essai tersebut disajikan dalam bentuk pernyataan dengan kata-kata/kalimat
petunjuk. Kata-kata/kalimat petunjuk ini memberikan arahan kepada anda tentang
apa yang akan anda lakukan ketika anda mau menulis jawaban anda. Perhatikan
kata-kata/kalimat petunjuknya dan yakinkan diri anda tentang apa yang akan anda
kerjakan terhadap soal tersebut.
Berikut ini merupakan kata-kata/kalimat petunjuk yang sangat sering digunakan
dosen ketika mereka membuat soal essai tes.
1. Menganalisa: menyuruh anda memerinci sesuatu ke dalam bagian-bagiannya,
dan menunjukkan bagaimana bagian-bagian tersebut berhubungan satu dengan
yang lainnya membentuk suatu kesatuan.
2. Membandingkan: Menyuruh anda membedakan apakah sesuatu itu berbeda atau
sama dengan yang lainnya.
3. Membedakan: Menyuruh anda untuk membedakan sesuatu dengan yang lainnya.
4. Mendefinisikan: menyuruh anda untuk menjelaskan pengertian sesuatu secara
singkat.
5. Mendeskripsikan: Menyuruh anda untuk menggambarkan sesuatu dalam bentuk
kalimat.
6. Membuat Diagram: Menyuruh anda mengillustrasikan sesuatu dengan
menggambarkannya dan membuat label pada bagian-bagiannya.
7. Mengevaluasi: Menyuruh anda untuk menilai sesuatu.
8. Menjelaskan: Menyuruh anda memberikan fakta dan alasan sehingga sesuatu itu
jelas dan dapat dimengerti

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C. Multiple-Choice Tests
Many of the tests you take in school will be multiple-choice tests. Here are two types
of items you will often find on multiple-choice tests.
1. An incomplete statement followed by several answer choices.
In this type of item, the missing part of the statement can be anywhere in the
statement. You must circle the letter that represents the answer choice that correctly
completes the statement. Usually there are four answer choices represented by the
letters a, b, c, and d. Sometimes there are more than four answer choices.

Here is an example of this type of item:

The first president of the United States, ____, was known as the "Father of his
country."
a. Thomas Jefferson
b. Abraham Lincoln
c. George Washington
d. Theodore Roosevelt
You should circle "c" to show that George Washington was the first president of the
United States.

2. A question followed by several answer choices.

In this type of item, you must circle the letter that represents the answer choice that
correctly answers the question.
Here is an example of this type of item:
How many states make up the United States of America?
a. 48
b. 52
c. 46
d. 50
You should circle "d" to show that 50 is the correct answer choice for this question.
Sometimes, one of the answer choices is "all of the above." In the following example,
"e" is the correct answer choice because all of the foods shown are dairy products.
Which of the following foods are dairy products?
a. milk
b. ice cream
c. Yogurt

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 d. cream cheese
e. all of the above

Other times, one of the answer choices is "none of the above." In the following
example, "b" is the correct answer choice because Argentina is the only country
listed that is in South America. For "e" to be correct, none of the countries listed could
be in South America.
______ is a country in South America.
a. Russia
b. Argentina
c. Mexico
d. Japan
e. none of the above

Guidelines When Taking Multiple-Choice Tests

Here are some guidelines that will help you correctly answer multiple-choice items.
1. Circle or underline important words in the item. This will help you focus on the
information most needed to identify the correct answer choice.
2. Read all the answer choices before selecting one. It is just as likely for the last
answer choice to be correct as the first.
3. Cross out answer choices you are certain are not correct. This will help you
narrow down the correct answer choice.
4. Look for two answer choices that are opposites. One of these two answer
choices is likely to be correct.
5. Look for hints about the correct answer choice in other items on the test.
The correct answer choice may be part of another item on the test.
6. Look for answer choices that contain language used by your teacher or
found in your textbooks. An answer choice that contains such language is
usually correct.
7. Do not change your initial answer unless you are sure another answer
choice is correct. More often than not, your first choice is correct.
8. Choose "all of the above" if you are certain all other answer choices in the
item are correct. Do not choose "all of the above" if even just one of the other
answer choices is not correct.

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9. Choose "none of the above" if you are certain all other answer choices in
the item are incorrect. Do not choose "none of the above" if even just one of the
other answer choices is correct.
Knowing how multiple-choice items are constructed and using these guidelines will
help you improve your score on a multiple-choice test.

D. SAT Test Taking Tips

The SAT is the most popular standardized test used for admission into colleges and
universities in the United States. It includes three sections: math, critical reading, and
writing.
General Tips
 In each section of the SAT, the questions start out easy and become increasingly
difficult. Answer the questions that are easiest for you first.
 Be careful about guessing. For most questions, you don't lose a point for omitting
an answer, but you do lose a fractional point for a wrong answer.
 Don't spend more than one or two minutes on any one question.
 Mark the test book in any way that will help you.
 Keep track of time.
 Bring water and healthy snacks to renew your mental and physical energy during
breaks.

Math Section Tips

Most of the items in the math section are multiple-choice questions.
 Use a calculator as needed. (Be sure to bring a calculator.)
 Use the test booklet for scratch work.
 If stuck, try substituting the numbers given as answer choices for the variables in
the question.

Other questions require that you come up with your own answers and fit them into a
grid.
 Since there is no penalty for wrong answers here, take your best guess if you
can't figure out the answer.
 The answer cannot be a negative number. Do the problem again if you come up
with a negative number.

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 The answer cannot be a mixed number. If your answer is a mixed number,
convert it to an improper fraction or a decimal.

Critical Reading Section Tips

Some of the questions require you to read a sentence containing one or two blanks.
You are required to select the answer choice that correctly completes the sentence.
 Read the sentence and try to complete it before looking at the answer choices. If
what you come up is one of the answer choices, select it as your answer.
 Read all the answer choices before selecting one. Don't just select the first one
you come to that you think might be correct.
 Be especially careful when sentences include negative words (e.g., not) or
prefixes (e.g., un). These change the meaning of a sentence.
 When a sentence contains two blanks, do not select an answer choice unless you
are certain that both words in the answer choice are correct.
Other questions require you to read a passage and select the correct answers to
questions about the passage.
 Read the passage before reading the questions.
 As you read a passage look for the main ideas. You can always go back to look
for details.
 Pay the most attention to the first and last sentence in a paragraph.
 Some passages are presented in pairs. In this case, read the introduction first to
see how the passages are related.

Writing Section Tips

This section includes multiple-choice questions. Some require you to improve
sentences, others to find errors in sentences, and others to improve paragraphs.
 Select an answer choice that seems simple and clear. Do not select an answer
choice that seems awkward and very complicated.
 It is particularly important to read the questions and answer choices in this section
very carefully.
This section also requires you to write a short, persuasive essay on an assigned topic
within 25 minutes.
 Because the score for your essay is based on the reader's overall impression,
express your ideas clearly using examples to back them up.
 The standard five-paragraph essay is the best format to use.

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 Keep your writing as simple as possible. Don't be too "wordy."
 Focus on the organization of the essay rather than perfect grammar and spelling.
 Avoid the use of slang.
Nothing can take the place of math, reading, and writing skills. But these tips
can help you make the most of your skills when taking the SAT.

E. The DETER Strategy for Taking Tests

To do well on a test, you must have good knowledge of the information that is being
tested. But you must also have a strategy for taking the test that allows you to show
what you know. The DETER strategy can help you do your best on any test. Each
letter in DETER reminds you what to do.

D = Directions
 Baca petunjuk soal dengan baik.
 Tanya kepada dosen atau pengawas ujian bila ada hal-hal yang belum anda
mengerti tentang petunjuk soal.
 Dengan mengikuti petunjuk soal anda bisa mengerjakan soal dengan baik.
 Jika anda tidak mengikuti petunjuk soal, anda tidak akan mampu
mendemonstrasikan apa yang sudah anda tahu.

E = Examine
 Examine the entire test to see how much you have to do.
 Only by knowing the entire task can you break it down into parts that become
manageable for you.
T = Time
 Once you have examined the entire test, decide how much time you will spend on
each item.
 If there are different points for items, plan to spend the most time on the items
that count for the most points.
 Planning your time is especially important for essay tests where you must avoid
spending so much time on one item that you have little time left for other test
items.

E = Easiest
 Kerjakan terlebih dahulu soal yang paling mudah.

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 Jika anda mendapat soal yang sulit pada permulaan tes, abaikan hal tersebut
dan teruskan ke soal yang anda anggap mudah. Bila soal yang anda anggap
mudah sudah selesai anda kerjakan barulah anda mengerjakan soal-soal yang
sulit.

R = Review
 Jika anda mengatur waktu anda dengan baik dan benar, pastilah anda
mempunyai waktu sisa. Gunakan waktu yang tersisa ini untuk mereview
jawaban anda. Buatlah jawaban anda sekomplit dan seakurat mungkin.
 Review kembali petunjuk tes untuk meyakinkan apakah sudah semua soal anda
jawab sesuai dengan petunjuk soal.
Dengan menggunakan strategi DETER ini, akan membantu anda mengerjakan test
dan akan mendapatkan skor yang lebih baik.

F. Test Anxiety
WHAT IS TEST ANXIETY?
Too much anxiety about a test is commonly referred to as test anxiety. It is perfectly
natural to feel some anxiety when preparing for and taking a test. In fact, a little
anxiety can jump start your studying and keep you motivated. However, too much
anxiety can interfere with your studying. You may have difficulty learning and
remembering what you need to know for the test. Further, too much anxiety may
block your performance during the test. You may have difficulty demonstrating what
you know during the test.
HOW DO I KNOW IF I HAVE TEST ANXIETY?
You probably have test anxiety if you answer YES to four or more of the following:
1. I have a hard time getting started studying for a test.
2. When studying for a test, I find many things that distract me.
3. I expect to do poorly on a test no matter how much or how hard I study.
4. When taking a test, I experience physical discomfort such as sweaty palms, an
upset stomach, a headache, difficulty breathing, and tension in my muscles.
5. When taking a test, I find it difficult to understand the directions and questions.
6. When taking a test, I have difficulty organizing my thoughts.
7. When taking a test, I often "draw a blank."
8. When taking a test, I find my mind wandering to other things.
9. I usually score lower on a test than I do on assignments and papers.

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10. After a test, I remember information I couldn't recall during the test.

WHAT CAN I DO ABOUT TEST ANXIETY?

Here are some things you can do before, during, and after a test to reduce your test
anxiety.
1. Use good study techniques to gain cognitive mastery of the material that will be
covered on the test. This mastery will help you to approach the test with
confidence rather than have excessive anxiety. Employ the tips we provide at
Study Habits.
2. Maintain a positive attitude as you study. Think about doing well, not failing. Think
of the test as an opportunity to show how much you have learned.
3. Go into the test well rested and well fed. Get enough sleep the night before the
test. Eat a light and nutritious meal before the test. Stay away from junk foods.
4. Stay relaxed during the test. Taking slow, deep breaths can help. Focus on
positive self-statements such as "I can do this."
5. Follow a plan for taking the test such as the DETER strategy we describe at A
Strategy for Taking Tests. Don't panic even if you find the test difficult. Stay with
your plan!
6. Don't worry about other students finishing the test before you do. Take the time
that you need to do your best.
7. Once you finish the test and hand it in, forget about it temporarily. There is
nothing more you can do until the graded test is returned to you. Turn your
attention and effort to new assignments and tests.
8. When the graded test is returned to you, analyze it to see how you could have
done better. Learn from your mistakes and from what you did well. Apply this
knowledge when you take the next test.
You have to know the material to do well on a test. You have to control test anxiety to
show what you know.

G. True/False Tests
True/false tests seem easy. All you have to do is read a statement and decide
whether the statement is true or false. At the very worst, you have a 50-50 chance of
being right. But would you be pleased with a test grade of 50? Of course you
wouldn’t.

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True/false tests are a lot more difficult than they seem to be. They test very specific
factual knowledge. Nothing can replace having the knowledge. But even if you do
have the knowledge, there are some guidelines you should follow to make sure you
demonstrate your knowledge.
Guidelines When Taking True/False Tests
Here are some guidelines that will help you correctly answer true/false items.
1. Choose True for an item only when you are certain that the entire statement
is true. This is especially important when the item contains more than one "fact."
Read the following statement:
Milk, cheese, and butter are all in the dairy food group.
This statement is true because all three of these foods are part of the dairy food
group.
Now read this changed statement:
Milk, lettuce, and butter are all in the dairy food group.
This statement is false because while milk and butter are in the dairy food group,
lettuce is not.
2. Be very careful when a statement contains a negative word such as not or a
negative prefix such as un as in the word unfriendly. A negative word or
prefix completely changes the meaning of a statement.
Read the following two statements:
Directions given by teachers should be very clear.
Directions given by teachers should be very unclear.
The first statement is true, while the second is false. At a quick glance, they two
statements might seem the same. It is always important to read a statement
carefully. It is especially important to do this when the statement contains a
negative word or prefix.
3. When a statement contains two negative words and/or prefixes, cross out
both. Two negatives typically make a positive, but in a very confusing way.
Read the following statement:
Eating a balanced diet is not unhealthy.
This statement is true, but in a confusing way.
Now read the same statement with the negatives crossed out.
Eating a balanced diet is not unhealthy.
The statement has now become:

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 Eating a balanced diet is healthy.
It is now a much easier statement to understand as true.
4. An absolute statement is usually false. An absolute statement contains words
such as the following: all, none, always, every, never, only, and no. Each of these
words suggests that there are no exceptions.
Read the following statement:
The official language of all the countries in South America is Spanish.
This statement is false because of the absolute word all. Spanish is the official
language of 9 of the 13 countries in South America. The exceptions are Brazil
(Portuguese), French Guiana (French), Guyana (English), and Suriname (Dutch).
5. A qualified statement is usually true. A qualified statement contains words
such as the following: some, many, usually, most, sometimes, may, and often.
These words allow for exceptions.
Read the following statement:
The official language of most of the countries in South America is Spanish.
This statement is true because of the qualified word most.
6. If you are uncertain whether a statement is true or false, take your best
guess unless there is a penalty for wrong answers. If you have absolutely no
clue, choose True as your answer. Research has shown that true/false tests
typically contain more true statements than false statements. This is because
teachers typically use tests not only to assess what you have learned, but to
reinforce what you have learned.
True/false tests can be tricky. Use these guidelines to do your best.

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