POLITEKNIK PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN Hal.

- v
NEGERI P O N T I A
NAK TEKNOLOGI MEKANIK

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 1.1 Susunan alat diatas meja kerja .................................................................. 2
Gambar 1.2 Susunan alat di lemari ............................................................................... 2
Gambar 1.3 Ragum meja .............................................................................................. 3
Gambar 1.4 Jenis ragum ............................................................................................... 3
Gambar 1.5 Posisi Penjepitan benda kerja..................................................................... 4
Gambar 1.6 Tinggi pemasangan ragum pada meja....................................................... 4
Gambar 1.7 Posisi kaki saat mengikir............................................................................ 5
Gambar 1.8 Gerakan Badan dan Lutut........................................................................... 5
Gambar 1.9 Memegang kikir......................................................................................... 5
Gambar 1.10 Memegang Kikir Kecil............................................................................. 6
Gambar 1.11 Tekanan pada kikir................................................................................... 6
Gambar 1.12 langkah penggoresan................................................................................ 7
Gambar 1.13 Komponen jangka.................................................................................... 8
Gambar 1.14 Blok penggores ...................................................................................... 8
Gambar 1.15 Penitik...................................................................................................... 9
Gambar 1.16 Stamp/cap................................................................................................. 10
Gambar 1.17 Cara mengecap......................................................................................... 10
Gambar 1.18 Kunci pas.................................................................................................. 11
Gambar 1.19 Kunci Ring............................................................................................... 11
Gambar 1.20 Kunci ring gigi geser................................................................................ 12
Gambar 1.21 Kunci ring lengkung................................................................................. 12
Gambar 1.22 Kunci ring kepala fleksibel...................................................................... 12
Gambar 1.23 Kunci ring belah...................................................................................... 12
Gambar 1.24 Kunci ring khusus ................................................................................. 12
Gambar 1.25 Kunci ring dengan pipa pemanjang.......................................................... 12
Gambar 1.26 Kunci Kombinasi..................................................................................... 12
Gambar 1.27 Beberapa buah socket .............................................................................. 13
Gambar 1.28 Pemanjang socket..................................................................................... 13
Gambar 1.29 Adaptor..................................................................................................... 13
Gambar 1.30 Tangkai pemutar socket........................................................................... 13
Gambar 1.31 Kunci L.................................................................................................... 13
Gambar 1.32 Kunci hexagonal fleksibel........................................................................ 13
Gambar 1.33 Kunci L saku............................................................................................ 14
Gambar 1.34 Kunci hexagonal bulat............................................................................. 14
Gambar 1.35 Kunci hexagonal lurus............................................................................. 14
Gambar 1.36 Kunci sok pipa......................................................................................... 14
Gambar 1.37 Kunci L hexagonal dengan pengarah .......................................................... 14
Gambar 1.38 Kunci Busi................................................................................................ 14
Gambar 1.39 Kunci penahan roda ................................................................................ 14
Gambar 1.40 Kunci Pukul.............................................................................................. 14

Hadimi, Rina Dwi Yani DAFTAR GAMBAR

 POLITEKNIK PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN Hal. - v
NEGERI P O N T I A
NAK TEKNOLOGI MEKANIK

Gambar 1.41 Kunci Inggris............................................................................................ 15

Gambar 1.42 Kunci pipa “stillson”................................................................................ 15
Gambar 1.43 Kunci pipa straight................................................................................... 15
Gambar 1.44 Kunci Pipa tapak kaki.............................................................................. 15
Gambar 1.45 Kunci pipa rantai...................................................................................... 16
Gambar 1.46 Kunci pipa sabuk...................................................................................... 16
Gambar 1.47 Kunci Pipa Dalam.................................................................................... 16
Gambar 1.48 Kunci momen lengan neraca........................................................................ 16
Gambar 1.49 Kunci momen gigi geser.............................................................................. 16
Gambar 1.50 Kunci momen jam ukur............................................................................ 16
Gambar 1.51 Kunci kait muka....................................................................................... 17
Gambar 1.52 Kunci kait pena........................................................................................ 17
Gambar 1.53 Kunci kait “hook”.................................................................................... 17
Gambar 1.54 Kunci kait socket...................................................................................... 17
Gambar 1.55 Kunci kait khusus..................................................................................... 17
Gambar 1.56 Obeng Lurus............................................................................................. 17
Gambar 1.57 Obeng kembang sudut 30° dan 45°.......................................................... 18
Gambar 1.58 Obeng bengkok dan obeng beban berat........................................................ 18
Gambar 1.59 Obeng gigi geser...................................................................................... 18
Gambar 1.60 Obeng ketok............................................................................................... 18
Gambar 1.61 Obeng set yang dapat dibalik................................................................... 19
Gambar 1.62 Obeng penjepit slang................................................................................... 19
Gambar 1.63 Obeng khusus........................................................................................... 19
Gambar 1.64 Tang pemegang yang dapat disetel............................................................... 19
Gambar 1.65 Tang pemegang mur................................................................................. 20
Gambar 1.66 Tang instalasi gas dan tang kombinasi..................................................... 20
Gambar 1.67 Tang pemotong ujung.............................................................................. 20
Gambar 1.68 Tang pemotong beban berat..................................................................... 20
Gambar 1.69 Tang pemotong sisi.................................................................................. 21
Gambar 1.70 Tang ujung datar...................................................................................... 21
Gambar 1.71 Tang ujung bulat...................................................................................... 21
Gambar 1.72 Tang pengupas kabel................................................................................ 21
Gambar 1.73 Tang pengerut............................................................................................ 22
Gambar 1.74 Tang ring penahan dalam......................................................................... 22
Gambar 1.75 Tang ring penahan luar................................................................................ 22
Gambar 1.76 Tang pengecil diameter............................................................................ 22
Gambar 1.77 Tang las.................................................................................................... 23
Gambar 1.78 Tang pembentuk dan pelipat.................................................................... 23
Gambar 1.79 Tang tempa............................................................................................... 23
Gambar 1.80 Tang pelubang.......................................................................................... 23
Gambar 2.1 Alat ukur penggaris.................................................................................... 27
Gambar 2.2 Panjang benda segaris dengan bagian skala............................................... 27
Gambar 2.3 Panjang benda tidak segaris dengan bagian skala...................................... 27
Gambar 2.4 Cara pemakaian penggaris dengan balok penahan..................................... 28

Hadimi, Rina Dwi Yani DAFTAR GAMBAR

 POLITEKNIK PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN Hal. - v
NEGERI P O N T I A
NAK TEKNOLOGI MEKANIK

Gambar 2.5 Posisi mata saat membaca skala................................................................. 28

Gambar 2.6 Penggunaan penggaris untuk benda berdiameter....................................... 28
Gambar 2.7 Alat pita ukur ( roll meter)......................................................................... 29
Gambar 2.8 Pengukuran jangka sorong pada berbagai posisi..................................... 30
Gambar 2.9 Jangka sorong dengan pembacaan nonius, jam ukur &digital............................ 30
Gambar 2.10 Cara membaca skala jangka sorong ketelitian 0,05 mm.................................. 31
Gambar 2.11 Kongkol penggores.................................................................................. 32
Gambar 2.12 Mikrometer luar dan mikrometer dalam................................................. 32
Gambar 2.13 Bagian dari mikrometer........................................................................... 33
Gambar 2.14 Laras skala ukuran mikrometer................................................................ 33
Gambar 2.15 Cara membaca skala mikrometer............................................................ 34
Gambar 2.16 Berbagai macam pengukuran dengan mikrometer................................. 34
Gambar 2.17 Jam ukur (dial indicator)......................................................................... 35
Gambar 2.18 Pengecekan sumbu mesin bubut dengan jam ukur................................ 35
Gambar 2.19 Alat ukur siku dan cara penggunaannya.................................................. 35
Gambar 2.20 Alat ukur sudut......................................................................................... 36
Gambar 2.21 Busur derajat............................................................................................ 36
Gambar 2.22 Pengukur sudut universal......................................................................... 36
Gambar 2.23 Alat ukur mal radius................................................................................. 37
Gambar 2.24 Pengukuran dengan mall radius luar dan dalam...................................... 37
Gambar 2.25 Mal Ulir ................................................................................................... 37
Gambar 3.1 Simbol-simbol penekukan......................................................................... 42
Gambar 3.2 Perhitungan penekukan.............................................................................. 43
Gambar 3.3 Meja Plat.................................................................................................... 44
Gambar 3.4 Berbagai macam landasan....................................................................... 45
Gambar 3.5 landasan dari potongan baja................................................................... 47
Gambar 3.6 Landasan tangan....................................................................................... 47
Gambar 3.7 Batang penahan kepala............................................................................... 48
Gambar 3.8 Batang Pembentuk kepala........................................................................... 48
Gambar 3.9 Kombinasi batang dan pembentuk kepala.................................................. 48
Gambar 3.10 Cara mengunakan alat pengeling......................................................... 49
Gambar 3.11 Hasil pengelingan tidak rapat................................................................... 49
Gambar 3.12 Batang paku mengembang....................................................................... 50
Gambar 3.13 Paku keling tidak lurus.......................................................................... 50
Gambar 3.14 Paku mengembang pada celah sambungan.............................................. 50
Gambar 3.15 Kepala penutup kelingan miring.............................................................. 50
Gambar 3.16 Paku keling bengkok................................................................................ 51
Gambar 3.17 Pinggiran logam bengkok........................................................................ 51
Gambar 3.18 Domed Head............................................................................................ 51
Gambar 3.19 Countershunk Head(1200)........................................................................ 51
Gambar 3.20 Alat Pengeling.......................................................................................... 52
Gambar 3.21 Solder dengan panas gas propan ................................................................. 53
Gambar 3.22 Solder dengan daya 250 watt....................................................................... 53
Gambar 3.23 Solder listrik daya 60 sampai 120 watt......................................................... 53

Hadimi, Rina Dwi Yani DAFTAR GAMBAR

 POLITEKNIK PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN Hal. - v
NEGERI P O N T I A
NAK TEKNOLOGI MEKANIK

Gambar 3.24 Solder listrik daya 30 sampai 60 watt........................................................... 53

Gambar 3.25 Solder listrik dengan arus tinggi untuk pemanasan cepat........................ 53
Gambar 3.26 Solder tanpa sumber pemanas langsung.................................................. 53
Gambar 3.27 Ujung solder berbentuk titik dan kepalanya berbentuk piramid......................... 53
Gambar 3.28 Ujung solder berbentuk garis ...................................................................... 53
Gambar 3.29 Las titik tanpa pendingin air..................................................................... 54
Gambar 3.30 las titik dengan pendingin air................................................................... 54
Gambar 4.1 Mesin gerinda silindris............................................................................... 57
Gambar 4.2 Mesin Gerinda datar................................................................................... 58
Gambar 4.3 Batu gerinda............................................................................................... 58
Gambar 5.1 Skematis mesin bubut dan nama bagian-bagiannya................................... 68
Gambar 5.2 Kepala tetap................................................................................................ 68
Gambar 5.3 Eretan......................................................................................................... 69
Gambar 5.4 Kepala lepas............................................................................................... 69
Gambar 5.5 Poros pengantar.......................................................................................... 70
Gambar 5.6 (1) Proses bubut rata, (2) bubut permukaan, dan (3) bubut tirus........................70
Gambar 5.7 Proses pemesinan yang dapat dilakukan pada mesin bubut.............................. 70
Gambar 5.8 Perhitungan membubut tirus...................................................................... 71
Gambar 5.9 Membubut tirus dengan eretan atas............................................................ 72
Gambar 5.10 Perbandingan putaran sumbu benda dan transporteur............................. 73
Gambar 5.11 Kemungkinan susunan roda gigi.............................................................. 77
Gambar 5.12 Geometri pahat bubut............................................................................... 78
Gambar 5.13 Pemasangan pahat bubut.......................................................................... 78
Gambar 5.14 Pahat diatas sumbu................................................................................... 78
Gambar 5.15 Pahat dibawah sumbu................................................................................. 79
Gambar 5.16 Bagian-bagian dari pahat bubut............................................................... 79
Gambar 5.17 Bentuk-bentuk pahat bubut...................................................................... 80
Gambar 5.18 Panjang permukaan benda kerja yang disayat setiap putaran............................. 81
Gambar 6.1 Mesin sekraf vertikal.................................................................................. 86
Gambar 6.2 Mesin Sekraf horizontal............................................................................. 87
Gambar 6.3 Mesin Sekraf Eretan ( planner).................................................................. 87
Gambar 6.4 Bagian utama mesin sekrap........................................................................ 88
Gambar 6.5 Arah penyayatan benda kerja..................................................................... 89
Gambar 6.6 Mekanisme langkah mesin sekrap............................................................. 89
Gambar 6.7 Prinsip Pemotongan................................................................................... 90
Gambar 6.8 Bentuk pahat sekrap................................................................................... 92
Gambar 6.9 Sudut asah pahat......................................................................................... 92
Gambar 6.10 Pahat HSS dan Carbride........................................................................... 92
Gambar 6.11 Pemasangan pahat yang benar dan yang kepanjangan................................... 92
Gambar 7.1 Mesin frais.................................................................................................. 96
Gambar 7.2 Column and knee milling machines........................................................... 96
Gambar 7.3 Bed type milling machines......................................................................... 97
Gambar 7.4 Mesin Frais khusus...................................................................................... 97
Gambar 7.5 Arbor.......................................................................................................... 98

Hadimi, Rina Dwi Yani DAFTAR GAMBAR

 POLITEKNIK PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN Hal. - v
NEGERI P O N T I A
NAK TEKNOLOGI MEKANIK

Gambar 7.6 Cutter.......................................................................................................... 99

Gambar 7.7 Kepala pembagi.......................................................................................... 100
Gambar 7.8 Meja putar.................................................................................................. 101
Gambar 7.9 Proses frais vertikal.................................................................................... 101
Gambar 7.10 Proses frais horizontal.............................................................................. 101
Gambar 7.11 Proses frais rata (surface/slab milling)..................................................... 103
Gambar 7.12 Cara pencekaman benda kerja yang benar dan salah............................... 104
Gambar 7.13 Cara pencekaman benda kerja yang benar dan salah............................... 105
Gambar 7.14 Proses frais roda gigi dengan mesin frais horizontal............................... 106
Gambar 7.15 Kepala pembagi dan pengoperasiannya................................................... 108
Gambar 8.1 Baji .............................................................................................................111
Gambar 8.2 Sudut bebas muka....................................................................................... 111
Gambar 8.3 Sudut bebas pahat....................................................................................... 111
Gambar 8.4 Sudut bebas mata gergaji........................................................................... 111
Gambar 8.5 Sudut bebas pahat bubut............................................................................ 112
Gambar 8.6 Sudut bebas pisau frais............................................................................... 112
Gambar 8.7 Sudut kemiringan dan bidang geser........................................................... 112
Gambar 8.8 Bagian pahat............................................................................................... 112
Gambar 8.9 Pahat ceper................................................................................................. 113
Gambar 8.10 Penggunaan pahat ceper........................................................................... 113
Gambar 8.11 Pahat tepi ................................................................................................ 113
Gambar 8.12 Penggunaan pahat tepi............................................................................. 113
Gambar 8.13 Pahat potong............................................................................................. 113
Gambar 8.14 Penggunaan pahat potong........................................................................ 113
Gambar 8.15 Pahat alur.................................................................................................. 114
Gambar 8.16 Penggunaan pahat alur............................................................................. 114
Gambar 8.17 Kikir......................................................................................................... 114
Gambar 8.18 Bentuk kikir.............................................................................................. 114
Gambar 8.19 Gigi pahatan Gigi Frais............................................................................ 115
Gambar 8.20 Gigi frais.................................................................................................. 115
Gambar 8.21 Kikir gigi tunggal..................................................................................... 115
Gambar 8.22 Kikir gigi ganda....................................................................................... 115
Gambar 8.23 Tingkatan kikir......................................................................................... 116
Gambar 8.24 Bagian gergaji tangan............................................................................... 117
Gambar 8.25 Bentuk daun gergaji................................................................................. 117
Gambar 8.26 Penyerongan daun gergaji........................................................................... 117
Gambar 8.27 Ukuran mata gergaji................................................................................. 118
Gambar 8.28 Gunting lurus............................................................................................ 119
Gambar 8.29 Gunting pelikan........................................................................................ 119
Gambar 8.30 Gunting pelat Amerika............................................................................. 119
Gambar 8.31 Gunting pelat bentuk Universal............................................................... 119
Gambar 8.32 Gunting plat bentuk Amerika................................................................... 119
Gambar 8.33 Gunting bentuk ideal................................................................................ 120
Gambar 8.34 Gunting plat bentuk.................................................................................. 120

Hadimi, Rina Dwi Yani DAFTAR GAMBAR

 POLITEKNIK PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN Hal. - v
NEGERI P O N T I A
NAK TEKNOLOGI MEKANIK

Gambar 8.35 Gunting bangku........................................................................................ 120

Gambar 8.36 Bagian mata bor spiral............................................................................ 121
Gambar 8.37 Sudut ujung dan sudut alur....................................................................... 122
Gambar 8.38 Bibir pemotong........................................................................................ 122
Gambar 8.39 Kecepatan potong mata bor...................................................................... 123
Gambar 8.40 Bor senter................................................................................................. 124
Gambar 8.41 Ukuran bor senter..................................................................................... 124
Gambar 8.42 Countersink 7 bibir pemotong.................................................................. 124
Gambar 8.43 Countersink dengan 1 bibir pemotong..................................................... 124
Gambar 8.44 Contoh pengerjaan countersink................................................................ 125
Gambar 8.45 Bagian Counter Bor................................................................................. 126
Gambar 8.46 Counter Bor dengan pengarah.................................................................. 126
Gambar 8.47 Pengerjaan counterbore dengan mata bor................................................ 126
Gambar 8.48 Type dan bagian peluas............................................................................ 127
Gambar 8.49 Reamer dengan 8 gigi............................................................................. 128
Gambar 8.50 Peluas alur lurus....................................................................................... 128
Gambar 8.51 Peluas alur helix....................................................................................... 129
Gambar 8.52 Peluas pin tirus 1:50................................................................................. 129
Gambar 8.53 Peluas pin tirus 1:10................................................................................. 129
Gambar 8.54 Peluas yang dikembangkan...................................................................... 130
Gambar 8.55 Peluas mesin alur lurus............................................................................ 130
Gambar 8.56 Peluas mesin alur helix............................................................................ 130
Gambar 8.57 Peluas kupas helix 45-600........................................................................ 130
Gambar 8.58 Peluas kupas mesin 1:50.......................................................................... 131
Gambar 8.59 Peluas tirus morse.................................................................................... 131
Gambar 8.60 Peluas kupas morse.................................................................................. 131
Gambar 8.61 Peluas kupas............................................................................................. 131
Gambar 8.62 Peluas mesin yang dikembangkan........................................................... 131
Gambar 8.63 Peluas yang dapat diatur.......................................................................... 132
Gambar 8.64 Tap tangan................................................................................................ 133
Gambar 8.65 Macam-macam tap................................................................................... 134
Gambar 8.66 Tap mesin................................................................................................. 134
Gambar 8.67 Tap alur serong kiri.................................................................................. 134
Gambar 8.68 Tap alur serong kanan.............................................................................. 134
Gambar 8.69 Tap khusus............................................................................................... 134
Gambar 8.70 Pemegang tap........................................................................................... 135
Gambar 8.71 Lubang pengetapan.................................................................................. 135
Gambar 8.72 Pemotong ulir belah................................................................................. 136
Gambar 8.73 Pemotong ulir belah................................................................................. 136
Gambar 8.74 Mur pemotong ulir................................................................................... 136
Gambar 8.75 Pemotong ulir mesin otomatis.................................................................. 137

Hadimi, Rina Dwi Yani DAFTAR GAMBAR