INDEKS HARGA DAN INFLASI LKPD

Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik

(LKPD)

BAB IV
INDEKS HARGA, INFLASI, PERMINTAAN & PENAWARAN UANG

Nama : _____________________________
Kelas : _____________________________
No Absen : _____________________________
Tanggal : _____________________________

I. Kompetensi Dasar

3.4 Menganalisis indeks harga dan inflasi.

II. Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi

Setelah melakukan proses pembelajaran dengan mengerjakan latihan pada lembar kerja ini,
peserta didik diharapakan dapat :

3.4.1. Menjelaskan pengertian indeks harga

3.4.2. Menjelaskan tujuan penghitungan indeks harga
3.4.3. Menjelaskan macam-macam indeks harga
3.4.4. Menganalisis metode penghitungan indeks harga
3.4.5. Menjelaskan pengertian inflasi, penyebab inflasi
3.4.6. Menjelaskan jenis-jenis inflasi
3.4.7. Menjelaskan cara menghitung inflasi
3.4.8. Menjelaskan dampak inflasi
3.4.9 Menganalisis cara mengatasi inflasi (secara garis besar)
3.4.10 Menjelaskan teori permintaan dan penawaran uang
3.4.11 Menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi permintaan uang
3.4.12 Menganalisis secara kritis informasi dan data-data yang diperoleh serta membuat
kesimpulan tentang indeks harga dan inflasi

III. Alat dan Bahan

1. Buku Teks Pelajaran Ekonomi Kelas XI, ESIS

2. Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik

IV. Cara Kerja

1. Bacalah buku teks pelajaran materi Indeks Harga, Inflasi, Permintaan dan penawaran
uang.
2. Kerjakan soal-soal pada tempat yang disediakan dengan tepat dan benar.
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V. Materi

A. INDEKS HARGA
Salah satu cara menghitung laju inflasi secara kuantitatif adalah menggunakan indeks harga.
Indeks harga dapat diartikan sebagai kumpulan data berupa harga-harga secara berurutan,
yang berfungsi untuk menentukan perubahan harga rata-rata yang berlaku pada suatu
periode tertentu. Angka indeks adalah angka relatif yang diyatakan dalam persentase.
Biasanya untuk kesederhanaan bentuk persentase bias dihilangkan. Ada tiga kemungkinan
dalam perhitungan indeks harga, yaitu :
 Jika Indeks harga > 1 atau 100%, berarti harga mengalami kenaikan
 Jika Indeks harga < 1 atau 100%, berarti harga mengalami penurunan
 Jika Indeks harga = 1 atau 100%, berarti harga tetap (tidak naik dan tidak turun)

Perhitungan Indeks harga

1. Indeks Harga tidak Tertimbang Metode Agregatif Sederhana.
Rumusnya
adalah ......................................................................................................................................
......
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

2. Angka Indeks Tertimbang Metode agregatif sederhana

Rumusnya adalah
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

3. Angka Indeks Tertimbang Metode Laspeyres

Rumusnya adalah
.............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

4. Angka Indeks Tertimbang Metode Paasche

Rumusnya adalah
.............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

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5. Angka Indeks Tertimbang Metode Drobisch and Bowley

Rumusnya adalah
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

Perhatikan tabel dibawah ini

2008 2009
Product P Q P Q
Rice 2.000 2.500 2.100 2.600
Sugar 4.000 3.000 3.800 3.500
Flour 3.000 2.000 2.800 2.500
Fish 8.000 1.500 9.000 2.000

Menggunakan semua indeks, hitunglah angka indeks untuk tahun 2009

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B. INFLASI
Inflasi adalah
....................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
Rumus Laju Inflasi : ______________________ x 100

1. Sebab-sebab timbulnya inflasi.

 ......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
2. Jenis-jenis inflasi
 ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
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3. Teori Inflasi
 ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
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 ......................................................................................................................................
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4. Dampak inflasi terhadap perekonomian
 ......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
5. Cara Mengatasi Inflasi.
 Kebijakan Moneter artinya mempengaruhi jumlah uang yang beredar
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

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......................................................................................................................................
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 Kebijakan Fiskal artinya kebijakan mengatur pendapatan dan pengeluaran negara
(APBN)
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 Kebijakan non moneter dan non fiskal
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6. Deflasi
Deflasi adalah
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C. PERMINTAAN DAN PENAWARAN UANG

1. Pengertian Uang
Uang adalah
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Uang sebagai alat tukar harus memiliki syarat-syarat sebagai berikut:
 .....................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
2. Fungsi Uang
Fungsi uang dibagi menjadi dua macam, yaitu fungsi asli dan fungsi turunan
 Fungsi .............................., meliputi : .............................................................................
 Fungsi .............................., meliputi : .............................................................................
3. Jenis-jenis uang
 Berdasarkan bahan (material), uang dibedakan menjadi ;
.....................................................................................................................................
 Berdasarkan Lembaga atau badan pembuatnya, uang dibedakan menjadi:

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.....................................................................................................................................
 Berdasarkan Nilainya, Uang dibedakan menjadi:
.....................................................................................................................................
 Berdasarkan Kawasan / Daerah berlakunya, uang dibedakan menjadi :
......................................................................................................................................

4. Permintaan dan Penawaran Uang

Permintaan uang adalah sejumlah uang tertentu yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat
untuk melakukan transaksi dalam perdagangan atau tujuan tertentu. Permintaan uang
datang dari 4 pihak, yaitu : pihak perseorangan / konsumen, pihak pengusaha /
produsen, pihak investor / penanam modal dan pihak pemerintah (dapat bertindak
sebagai produsen, konsumen dan pengatur)
JM Keynes menyatakan bahwa motif masyarakat memegang uang adalah untuk
memenuhi tiga keinginan, yaitu :
 .....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
5. Penawaran Uang
Penawaran uang adalah sejumlah uang tertentu yang disediakan oleh pemerintah atau
bank untuk dapat dimiliki oleh masyarakat. Penawaran uang dapat mempengaruhi
tingkat harga, tingkat bunga dan tingkat kegiatan ekonomi suatu Negara. Oleh karena itu
pertambahan penawaran uang dalam perekonomian perlu dikendalikan. Tugas tersebut
dipegang oleh Bank Sentral.
6. Faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan uang.
 ......................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
7. Faktor yang mempengaruhi penawaran uang
 ......................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
 ......................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
 .....................................................................................................................................
8. Teori Kuantitas Uang
Teori kuantitas uang merupakan teori yang mengemukakan hubungan langsung antara
perubahan jumlah uang yang beredar dengan perubahan harga barang. Hubungan

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tersebut dapat dikemukakan bahwa harga barang berbanding lurus dengan jumlah uang
yang beredar. Teori kuantitas tersebut dikemukakan oleh Irving fisher, dengan rumus
sebagai berikut :
MV=PT
Keterangan :
M = jumlah uang yang beredar
P = tingkat harga rata-rata
barang V = kecepatan
perputaran uang
T = jumlah barang yang diperdagangkan

9. Nilai Uang
 Nilai nominal yaitu
...............................................................................................................................
 Nilai Intrinsik yaitu
...............................................................................................................................
 Nilai Internal yaitu
...............................................................................................................................
 Nilai Eksternal yaitu
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10. Uang yang beredar dalam masyarakat

 M1 adalah
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...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
 M2 adalah
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11. Uang inti (reserve money) merupakan inti dari proses penciptaan uang, baik bagi
penciptaan uang kartal maupun uang giral. Tanpa ada uang inti, tidak akan ada
uang kartal maupun uang giral.
Jadi uang inti dapat didefinisikan sebagai berikut :
 saldo rekening korang (giro) milik bank-bank umum atau masyarakat pada Bank
Indonesia dan
 uang tunai yang dipegang baik bank-bank umum maupun oleh masyarakat
umum
12. Sistem Standar Moneter
Standar moneter adalah
...........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
Standar uang dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu :
 Standar kertas adalah sitem keuangan dimana uang kertas berlaku sebagai
alat tukar/ alat pembayaran yang sah dan tak terbatas, akan tetapi tidak
ditukarkan dengan emas dan perak pada bank sirkulasi.
 Standar logam (Metalisme)

13. Beberapa Istilah yang berhubungan dengan Uang

Inflasi adalah
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Deflasi adalah

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 Devaluasi adalah
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 Revaluasi adalah
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 Apresiasi adalah
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 Depresiasi adalah
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 Sanering adalah
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NILAI PARAF GURU CATATAN

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