17/09/2020

Mata Kuliah:
Elemen Mesin (15P02209)

Materi 4:
Sambungan Keling

Disampaikan Oleh :
Dr.Ir.Basyirun, S.Pd.,M.T., IPM. ASEAN Eng.
Dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Kejuruan (S2) Pascasarjana dan
Jurusan Teknik Mesin (S1), Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) 1

Pokok Bahasan:
a. Paku keling dan lubang ,
b. Konstruksi dan kalkulasi sambungan-
keling

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Sambungan Paku keling (Riveted Joints)

Sambungan dengan menggunakan paku keling merupakan jenis sambungan

tetap karena sambungan ini bila dibuka harus merusak paku keling.
Pemakaian Sambungan paku keling untuk:
1.Sambuangan kuat (Jembatan , Crane).
2.Sambungan kuat dan rapat (Boiler, tangki).
3.Sambungan pengikat (Bodi pesawat terbang).

Keuntungan dari sambungan Paku keling.

a.Kontruksi sederhana dan relatif murah.
b.Pemeriksaan kualitasnya lebih mudah.

Jenis pembebanan Sambungan paku keling.

a.Pembebanan tangensial.
b.Pembebanan Eksentrik.

Jenis-jenis Paku keling.

a. Solid Rivet b. Blind Rivet

Cara pengelingan yang paling sederhana

Sambungan paku keling Pembebanan Tangensial

a. Kampuh berimpit (Lap Joint)

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b.Kampuh bilah (butt joint)

Perhitungan Sambungan paku keling Kampuh berimpit (Lap joint)

d Luas penampang
paku A=П/4 d2
F t
F
t

Bila Gaya F bekerja pada paku akan mengalami

F b F
teg.geser sebesar ζg = F/A.
A = luas penampang paku = Π/4 d2, sehingga
F = ζg . П/4 .d2.
F F
d Bila pada paku mengalami teg.geser, maka pada
pelat akan mengalami teg.tarik sebesar:

Paku mengalami σt = F/A.

teg.geser A = Luas penampang pelat yang akan putus.
A = (b – d) t, Sehingga:
σt = F/ (b – d) t, dimana b = lebar pelat.
t = tebal pelat

Tegangan Tumpu (σs)

Pelat akan mengalami

teg. tumpu

F
F

Teg.tumpu timbul akibat gaya yang bekerja pada paku (F),

gaya ini mengakibatkan sambungan menjadi longgar.

Sambungan kampuh berimpit dengan jumlah paku yang banyak.

p p
P = jarak antar paku
F b P = 3d + 5 mm.
F
p
t b = lebar pelat. t = tebal pelat,
d = diameter paku keling

Besarnya gaya yang diterima oleh paku F = ζg . A . n, dimana n = jumlah paku.

F = ζg. П/4. d2 . n

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Besarnya Teg. Tarik yang diterima oleh pelat.

σt = F/A
A = luas penampang terlemah dari pelat setelah dipasang paku.
= (b – n.d) t, sehingga:

σt = F/(b – n.d)t
= F/(b – 3.d) t
Besarnya tegangan tumpu yang diterima oleh pelat (σs)

σs = F/d.t.n

Susunan sambungan paku kampuh berimpit (lap joint)

Kampuh Bilah Ganda (Butt-joint)

Luas penampang paku yang terkena

geser A= 2. Π/4 . d2

Bila Gaya F bekerja pada paku akan mengalami teg.geser

sebesar ζg = F/2. A.
A = luas penampang paku =2. Π/4 d2, sehingga
F = ζg . 2. П/4 .d2.

Bila pada paku mengalami teg.geser, maka pada pelat akan

mengalami teg.tarik sebesar:
σt = F/A.
A = Luas penampang pelat yang akan putus.
A = (b – d) t, Sehingga:
σt = F/ (b – d) t, dimana b = lebar pelat.
t = tebal pelat

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Untuk jumlah paku yang banyak

b=lebar pelat
F F
t = tebal pelat

Besarnya gaya yang diterima oleh paku F = ζg .2. A . n, dimana n = jumlah paku.
F = ζg. 2.П/4. d2 . n
F = ζg. 2.П/4. d2 . 6

Besarnya Teg. Tarik yang diterima oleh pelat.

σt = F/A
A = luas penampang terlemah dari pelat setelah dipasang paku.
= (b – n.d) t, sehingga:

σt = F/(b – n.d)t
= F/(b – 3.d) t

Susunan sambungan paku kampuh bilah (butt- joint)

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Paku Keling (Riveted joints)

Type of rivet heads

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Type of riveted joints

Following are the two types of riveted joints, ependig upon
the way in which the plates are :
1. Lap joint

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2. Butt joint

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Failures of riveted joint

A fiveted joint may fail in the following ways:
1. Tearing of the plate at an edge
2. Tearing of the across row of rivets
3. Shearing of the rivets
4. Crushing of rivets

1. Tearing of the plate at an edge

A joint may fail due to tearing of the plate at an edge as shown in picture
this can be avoided by keeping the
margin (m) = 1,5 d, where d is the
diameter or rivet

2. Tearing of the across row of rivets

Due to the tensile stress in the main plates, the main plate or
cover plates may tear off across a row of rivets as shown
in picture.

In such cases, we consider only a pitch length of the plate,

since every rivet is responsible for that much length of
plate only

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The resistance offered by the plate against tearing

is known as tearing resistance or tearing value
of the plate.
Let:
p = Pitch of the rivets (jarak antar keling)
d = diameter of the rivets (diameter keling)
t = Thickness of the plate (tebal plat)
fs = Permissible tensile stress (tegangan
tarik yg diizinkan)

We know that tearing area per pitch length :

At = (p – d).t

Kerusakan pd sambungan keling dapat

terjadi karena Sobekan (tearing) seperti
gbr diatas.

Tearing area per pitch length:

At = (p-d)t

Tarikan/gaya yg dibutuhkan agar terjadi

sobekan pada plat per pitch length:
Pt = ft . At
ft (p-d)t

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3. Shearing of the rivets/Kerusakan sambungan keling

karena Geseran (Shearing)

Ket:
d = diameter of the rivets (diameter keling)
fs = Permissible tensile stress (tegangan tarik yg
diizinkan)
n = Jumlah paku Keling per pitch length

Shearing area for Single Shear: AS  d2

4
Shearing area for Double Shear : A 2x d2
S
4

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Ketahanan geser atau Tarikan/gaya yg

dibutuhkan agar terjadi geseran(Shearing) pada
plat per pitch length:

Utk Single shear : PS  d2.fS.n

4
Utk Double Shear Secara teoritik :

PS 2. d2.fS.n
4

4. Chrushing of the rivets/Kerusakan sambungan plat disebabkan

krn patahnya atau hancurnya (Crushing) paku keling.

Ket:
d = diameter of the rivets (diameter keling)
fc = Permissible tensile stress (tegangan tarik yg diizinkan)
n = Jumlah paku Keling per pitch length

A d.t
t = tebal plat
Crushing area per rivet: S
Total Crushing area: AS n.d.t
Gaya/tarikan yg menyebabkan paku keling patah: Pc n.d.t.fc

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Efficiency of the Riveted joint

Diketahui Kekuatan dari riveted joint:
1. Tarikan/gaya yg dibutuhkan agar terjadi sobekan pada
plat per pitch length: Pt
2. Tarikan/gaya yg dibutuhkan agar terjadi
geseran(Shearing) pada plat per pitch length, Utk Single
shear : PS
3. Gaya/tarikan yg menyebabkan paku keling patah: PC

Kekuatan Plat (tanpa Keling/un-riveted) : P = p . t. ft

Jadi Efesiensi sambungan Paku Keling:

 nilai_terendah
_dr: Pt ,PS,or_PC
p.t.ft

Contoh Soal:
1. Carilah Efesiensi dari sambungan Keling dg:
a. Sambungan Single riveted lap, tebal plat 6 mm dg
diameter keling 2 cm dan Pitch of rivets : 5 cm
b. Sambungan Double riveted lap, tebal plat 6 mm dg
diameter keling 2 cm dan Pitch of rivets : 6,5 cm

dengan Asumsi:
- Tegangan Tarik yg di izinkan pd Plat (ft) = 1200
kg/cm2
- Tegangan Geser yg di izinkan pd Keling (fs) = 900
kg/cm2
- Tegangan Crushng yg di izinkan pd Keling (fc) = 1800
kg/cm2

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Jawab:
a. Single riveted lap joint :
1. Ketahanan sobekan pd Plat (Pt ) = ft .(p-d).t
Pt = 1200 kg/cm2 .(5 cm – 2 cm) . 0,6 cm
= 2160 kg
2  d .f .n
2. Ketahanan Geser pd Keling (Ps) = S
4
Ps .(2cm)2.900kg/cm2 2,827kg
4
3. Ketahanan Crushing pd Keling (PC) = d . t. fc
PC = 2 cm . 0,6 cm . 1800 kg/cm2 = 2160 kg

Jadi Kekuatan Sambungan = nilai yg terendah = 2160 kg

Kekuatan Plat (P) = p . T. ft = 5 cm . 0,6 cm . 1200 kg/cm2

= 3600 kg

Jadi Efesiensi Single riveted lap joint :  2160

kg0,6.....
or60%
3600
kg
b. Double riveted lap joint:
1. Ketahanan sobekan pd Plat (Pt ) = ft .(p-d).t
Pt = 1200 kg/cm2 .(6,5 cm – 2 cm) . 0,6 cm
= 3240 kg  d .f .n
2
2. Ketahanan Geser pd Keling (Ps) = S
4
Ps  .(2cm)2.900kg/cm2.25654
kg
4
3. Ketahanan Crushing pd Keling (PC) = d . t. fc . n
PC = 2 cm . 0,6 cm . 1800 kg/cm2 . 2 = 4320 kg

Jadi Kekuatan Sambungan = nilai yg terendah = 3240 kg

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Kekuatan Plat (P) = p . T. ft

= 6,5 cm . 0,6 cm . 1200 kg/cm2
= 4680 kg

Jadi Efesiensi Double riveted lap joint :

 3240
kg0,69.....
or69%
4680
kg

Contoh Soal:
2. Sebuah Double riveted double cover butt joint, tebal plat 20
mm dg diameter keling 25 mm dan Pitch of rivets : 100 mm
dengan Asumsi:
- Tegangan Tarik yg di izinkan pd Plat (ft) = 120 N/mm2
- Tegangan Geser yg di izinkan pd Keling (f S) = 100 N/mm2
- Tegangan Crushng yg di izinkan pd Keling (f C) = 150 N/mm2
Carilah Kekuatan pd Sambungan paku Keling diatas dan
Efesiensinya?

Jawab:
1. Tearing resistance of the Plat (Pt ) = ft .(p-d).t
Pt = 120 N/mm2 .(100mm – 25mm) . 20mm
= 180000 N  d2.f .n.2
2. Shearing resistance of the rivets (Ps) = S
4
Ps  .(25mm)2.100N/ mm2.2.2196300
N
4

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3. Crushing resistance of the rivets (PC) = d . t. fc . n

PC = 25 mm . 20 mm . 150 N/mm2 . 2 = 150000 N

Jadi strength of the joint = nilai yg terendah

=150000 N

Strength of the un-riveted plate (P) = p . t. ft

= 100 mm . 20 mm . 120 N/mm2
= 240000 N

Jadi Efesiensi Sambungan:

 150000
N 0,625.....
or62,5%
240000
N

TUGAS

1. A single riveted lap joint is made in 1,5 cm thick plates

with 2 cm diameter rivets. Determine the strength of the
joint, if the pitch of rivets is 6 cm. take:
ft = 1200 kg/cm2
fs = 900 kg/cm2 & fc = 1600 kg/cm2

2. Two plates 16 cm thick are joined by a double riveted lap

joint. The pitch of each row rivets is 9 cm. the rivets are
2,5 cm in diameter. The permissible stresses are as
follows:
ft = 1400 kg/cm2 , fs = 1100 kg/cm2 & fc = 2400 kg/cm2
Find the effidiency of the joint?

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3. A single riveted double cover butt joint is made in 10 mm

thick plates with 20 mm diameter rivets with a pitch of 60
mm, Calculate the efficiency of the joint, if:
ft = 100 N/mm2 , fs = 80 N/mm2 & fc = 160 N/mm2

4. A double riveted double cover butt joint is made in 1,2

cm thick plated with 18 mm diameter rivets. Find the
efficiency of the joint for a pitch of 8 cm, if:
ft = 1150 kg/cm2 , fs = 800 kg/cm2 & fc = 1600 kg/cm2

RIVETED JOINT
ECCENTRIC LOADED RIVETED JOINT
An eccentric load riveted joint is shown in picture.
The eccentric loading results in secondary shear caused by the
tendency of force to twist the joint abaout the centre of gravity in
addition to direct shear or primary shear

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Ket:
P = Beban Eksentrik pd Sambungan paku Keling
e = Jarak antara Beban dengan centroid of the rivet system =
centre of Gravity (G)
A = luas daerah persilangan tiap-tiap rivet
x1,x2,x3, ….= jarak antar rivet dari OY
y1,y2,y3,… = jarak antar rivet dari OX

x A1x1 A2x2 A3x3 ...  Ax1 Axn2.A

Ax3 ...
A1 A2 A3 ..
x x1 x2 x3 ...
n
y  y1 y2 y3 ...n = Jumlah Paku Keling
n

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Besarnya Beban/Gaya Geser Langsung (Ps) pd tiap-tiap Keling:

Ps  P
n
Besarnya Momen = P . e.
Sedangkan:
F1,F2,F3, …= Secondary shear load pd Keling 1, 2, 3, …
l1, l2, l3, … = Jarak radial 1, 2, 3, … dg centre of Gravity (G)
Shg:
F1  F2  F3 ...
l1 l2 l3

F2 F1.l2
l1 F3 F1 l3
l1

Shg Momen yg terjadi:

P . e = F1l1 + F2l2 + F3l3 + …

P.eF1l1 F1 l2 l2 F1 l3 l3 ...

l1 l1

P.e F1 l12 l22 l32 ...
l1

Jadi Resultan Gaya antar Keling (R);


R F2 PS2 2.F.PS.cos

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Contoh Soal:
Plat bracket dibebani
(P) = 5000 kg
Tebal plat bracket = 25 mm
Semua Paku Keling ukurannya
Sama.
Jarak antar Keling (C) = 10 cm
Load Arm (e) = 40 cm
Tegangan Geser (fs) = 650 kg/cm2
Tengan patah (Crushing Stress = fC) = 1200 kg/cm2

Carilah ukuran Paku Keling yg bisa digunakan untuk sambungan

konstruksi di atas?

Jabarkan Gaya-gaya yang terjadi:

Dimana :
x = Jarak Center of Gravity dg OY

y = Jarak center of gravity dg OX

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Shg:
x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
n
x 01020202000 10cm
7
y  y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7
Dan

n
y  20202010001011,43cm
7
Jadi dr Sumbu OY ke G jaraknya 10 cm dan dr Sumbu OX jaraknya
11,43 cm
Sedangkan Beban/Gaya geser langsung pd tiap-tiap Keling:

Ps  P 5000714,3kg
n 7

Sedangkan Momen yg terjadi = P . e = 5000 . 40 = 200000 kg.cm

dan
l1 l3  102 (2011,43)2  173,513,17cm
l2 2011,438,57cm
l4 l7  102 (11,4310)2  102,0510,1cm
l5 l6  102 11,432  23115,2cm
P.e F1 (l12 l22 l32 l42 l52 l62 l72)
l1
P.e F1 (2l12 l22 2l42 2l52)
l1
200000  F1 (2.13,172 8,572 2.10,12 2.15,22)
13,15
200000 .13,15F1.(34773,5204,1462)
F1  200000 .13,152420 kg
1086 ,6

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F1 2420 kg
F2 F1 l2 2420. 8,571575kg
l1 13,17
F3 F1 l3 F1 2420 kg
l1
F4 F1 l4 2420. 10,1 1855
kg
l1 13,17
F5 F1 l5 2420. 15,2 2793
kg
l1 13,17
F6 F1 l6 F5 2793 kg
l1
F7 F1 l7 F4 1856 kg
l1

Pada Keling 3 dan 4:

cos 10 10 0,76

l3 13,17
cos1 10 10 0,99
l4 10,1

R3  F32 PS2 2.F3.PS.cos

R3  2420 2
714,32 2.2420.714,3.0,76
R3 3000kg

R4  F42 PS2 2.F4.PS.cos1

R4  1856 2
714,32 2.1856.714,3.0,99
R4 2565kg

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Krn Beban Maksimum pada Keling 3 maka:

.d2.f R
S 3
4
d2  R3.4 3000
.4 5,88
.fs .650
d  5,882,42cm
Atau dpt diambil diameter Keling = 2,4 cm
Dibuktikan apakah pd Keling 3 terdapat beban Maksimum yg tidak
melebih crushing stress-nya:

Crushing  Max
_Stress .Load  R3
Crushing _Area d.t
Crushing  3000500kg/cm2
_Stress
2,4x2,5

TUGAS
A bracket is riveted is riveted to a column by 6 rivets of equal size
as.
Diketahui:

Load (P) = 4 digit terakhir dr NIM anda

Load Arm (e) = 6 digit terakhir dr NIM anda

If:
Maximum shear stress (fs) in the
Rivet is limited to 150 N/mm2

Determine the diameter of the rivet?

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