UPDATE 2020
(Covid-19 Pandemic & AHA 2020)
Oleh :
Yudi Elyas
ICU RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta
Curiculum Vitae
Nama : Ns. Yudi Elyas, S.Kep
NIRA : 31730118302
Lama Bekerja : 16 Tahun
Riwayat Jabatan : 1. Ka. Ruang ICU bedah Jantung PJT RSCM
2. Supv. ICCU,ICU bedah jantung, RR PJT RSCM
Jabatan Saat ini : PJ Pelayanan Ruang Intensif RSCM Jakarta
Tlp / Instagram : 081316006831 / @YUDI ELYAS
Pendidikan :
• Ners Keperawatan FIK UI
• Pendidikan ICU Bedah Jantung (CCNP) Institute Jantung Negara (IJN) Malaysia
Pelatihan : Trainer :
Organisasi :
• Kardiologi Dasar • BLS & ACLS Certified by AHA • PPNI
• Intensive Care Unit (ICU) • Basic Trauma Cardiac Life Support • HIPERCCI DKI (Pengurus)
• BLS & ACLS AHA 2015 (BTCLS) • INKAVIN (Anggota)
• TOT BLS & ACLS AHA • Pelatihan ICU (RSCM & HIPERCCI) • Provider BTCLS
• Asesor Keperawatan • Pelatihan Code Blue system di RS
• TOT Keperawatan • Pelatihan Interpretasi EKG
• Seminar & Workshop Keperawatan
Lingkup Pokok Bahasan
BLS in
History Cardiac
BLS Covid-19
Of BLS Arrest
Pandemic
The History Of CPR
1700s
The History Of CPR
1800s
Today…???
Henti Jantung
Keadaan terhentinya aliran darah dalam sistem sirkulasi
tubuh akibat terganggunya efektivitas kontraksi jantung saat
sistolik
Cardiac Arrest / Henti Jantung
Asistole
Gbr EKG pada saat terjadi serangan jantung , sekitar 60%-70% adalah irama
Ventricular Fibrilasi (VF)
CHAINS OF SURVIVAL
(The History)
Luar
Rumah Sakit
Chain of Survival AHA 2020
CPR
CPR
CPR
2020
Anjuran Larangan
1. Kompresi dada dengan 1. Kompresi dada dengan
kecepatan 100 – 120x/ kecepatan < 100 x / mnt atau
menit > 120 x/ menit
2. Kompresi dada dengan 2. Kompresi dada dengan
kedalaman minimal 2 inchi kedalaman kurang dari 5 cm atau
(5 cm) lebih dari 6 cm
3. Dada rekoil penuh setelah 3. Bertumpu di atas dada di antara
setiap kali kompresi kompresi yang dilakukan
4. Minimalkan jeda dalam 4. Kompresi berhenti lebih dari 10
kompresi detik
5. Memberikan ventilasi yang 5. Memberikan ventilasi berlebihan
cukup (2 nafas buatan (mis: terlalu banyak nafas buatan
setelah 30 kompresi, setiap atau memberikan nafas buatan
1 nafas buatan (diberikan dengan kekuatan berlebihan)
dalam 1 detik inspirasi dan
1 detik ekspirasi ) cukup
sampai dada terangkat
Sumber: http://ecgguidelines.heart.org/wp-content/upload/2015-AHA-Guidelines-Highlights-Indonesia.pdf
Basic Life Support Algoritme
Danger
Response
Call / Shout For Help
Circulation
Airway
Breathing
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Pastikan keamanan
– Aman Penolong
– Aman Lingkungan
– Aman Pasien
A • Alert
V • Verbal
P • Pain
U • Unresponsive
Code Blue,..!!!
Intra Hospital
Aktifkan “CODE BLUE SYSTEM”
AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR
(AED)
UPDATED
Hands-Only CPR
(Compression-Only CPR)
Atur Posisi
• Pasien telentang di atas
permukaan yang keras & datar
• Posisi penolong:
o Berlutut disamping pasien
o Berdiri disamping tempat
tidur pasien
Letakkan tumit telapak tangan
pada pertengahan dada
(seperdua bawah sternum)
dengan telapak tangan ditumpuk
dengan jari ditautkan.
Posisi tangan pada
lower half of sternum
2020
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020
American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency
Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI:
(10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
UPDATED
2015
Lakukan kompresi
Kedalaman minimal 5-6 cm
Kecepatan 100 – 120 kali/menit
Full Chest Recoil
?
• Mouth to Barrier Device
• Mouth to Nose
• Mouth to Stoma
• Bag Valve Mask
Tidak lebih dari 10 detik
.
Pulse Oximetry Waveform
X
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart
Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142,
Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
CPR in COVID-19 patients has a low
survival rate
• The overall 30-day survival rate for COVID-19 patients receiving CPR was 4
(2.9%) patients, but only 1 (0.7%) had a favorable neurologic outcome at 30
days and just 18 (13.2%) patients achieved return of spontaneous circulation
(ROSC). These figures are from a study of 136 COVID-19 patients who
received CPR at a hospital in Wuhan, China.
• As is true in most studies of COVID-19, two-thirds of the patients were male,
and 105 (77%) were greater than 60 years old. The arrest was due to
respiratory issues in 119 patients, cardiac in 10, and other in 7.
• A rapid response team responded to all resuscitations—23 (17%) occurring in
intensive care units. In all, 132 had witnessed cardiac arrests. The initial
rhythm detected was asystole in 118 patients, ventricular
fibrillation/tachycardia in 8, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in 6;
• ROSC occurred in 11 (9%) with asystole, 6 (75%) with V fib/tach, and 1
(16.7%) with PEA.
https://www.physiciansweekly.com/cpr-in-covid-19-patients-has-a-low-survival-rate/
Basic Life Support (BLS) in Covid-19
RJP Dengan Pasien Terpasang Sungkup Oksigen
Pada Kasus Covid-19
In Prone Position… How To Do CPR..??
CPR in Prone Position
• 2010 AHA Guidelines (2015 AHA
Not Reviewed)
When the patient cannot be placed
in the supine position, it may be
reasonable for rescuers to provide
CPR with the patient in the prone
position, particularly in hospitalized
patients with an advanced airway
in place
(Class IIb, LOE C).
CPR in Prone Position
CPR
• 2 hands Together
• Put Hands on T 7 from scapula
• While performing a prone CPR, it is important to
ensure high-quality CPR
Defibrilator
• Defibrillator should be applied using maximum
energy discharge and should be shocked at the
end of expiration with the lowest positive end
expiratory pressure to minimize the chest
impedance.
• One of which is the one electrode technique
placed to the left lower sternal border and the
other posteriorly below the scapula.
• Successful electrical defibrillation has been
reported in patients having spinal surgery in the
prone position
Kesimpulan
• BHD merupakan tatalaksana awal dari kondisi henti jantung
• BHD yang baik dengan melakukan tindakan dengan high quality
CPR
• Keberhasilan menolong pasien yang henti jantung dilanjutkan
dengan bantuan hidup lanjut (BHL)
• RS harus memiliki system untuk melakukan tatalaksana
kegawatan di RS yaitu dengan sistem Code Blue
• Dalam tatalaksana kegawatan pada pasien dengan PDP & Positif
Covid-19 diperlukan kewaspadaan tinggi dan APD yang sesuai
Daftar Pustaka
2020