PENGAUDITAN 1

Chapter 4 :
TUJUAN DAN TANGGUNG
JAWAB AUDIT

Oleh :
M.Riduan Abdillah SE,M.Si, Akt, CA
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2-1
 AGENDA PEMBAHASAN
Apa Itu Tujuan Audit Laporan
Keuangan ?

Apa Saja Tanggung Jawab

Manajemen?

Bagaimana Tanggung Jawab Auditor ?

Asersi Manajemen (Management

Assertion)

Bagaimana Mencapai Tujuan Audit

(Objective Audit)
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2-2
 TUJUAN PENGAUDITAN
LAPORAN KEUANGAN
PSA 02 (SA 110) MENYATAKAN :

“Tujuan pengauditan umum atas laporan keuangan

oleh auditor independen merupakan
pemberian opini atas kewajaran di
mana laporan tersebut telah disajikan secara wajar ,
dalam segala hal yang material, posisi keuangan,
hasil usaha dan arus kas, sesuai dengan
prinsip-prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku umum di
Indonesia”
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2-3
 TANGGUNG JAWAB
MANAJEMEN
Tanggung jawab untuk menerapkan
kebijakan akuntansi yang memadai, menjaga
kecukupan pengendalian internal &
menyajikan laporan keuangan yang wajar
terletak pada manajemen, BUKAN
AUDITOR.

Note :
Bapepam-LK : “mengharuskan CEO dan CFO perusahaan publik utk
mengesahkan laporan keuangan yang dilaporkan ke Bapepam-LK
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2-4
 TANGGUNG JAWAB
MANAJEMEN

Jika manajemen berkeras terhadap

pengungkapan laporan keuangan yang
dianggap oleh auditor tidak dapat diterima,
maka auditor dapat menerbitkan opini tidak
wajar (adverse) atau opini wajar dengan
pengecualian (qualified) atau menarik diri dari
kontrak kerja.

©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2-5

 TANGGUNG JAWAB
AUDITOR
PSA 1 (SA 110) REVISI, MENYATAKAN BAHWA :

1.Auditor memiliki tanggung jawab untuk merencanakan dan

menjalankan audit untuk memperoleh keyakinan yang memadai
mengenai apakah laporan keuangan telah bebas dari salah saji material
yang disebabkan oleh kesalahan atau pun kecurangan.

2.Karena sifat dari bahan bukti audit dan karakteristik kecurangan, auditor
harus mampu mendapatkan keyakinan yang memadai, namun bukan
absolut, bahwa salah saji material telah dideteksi.

3.Auditor tidak memiliki tanggung jawab untuk merencanakan dan

menjalankan audit untuk mendapatkan keyakinan yang memadai bahwa
kesalahan penyajian yang disebabkan oleh kesalahan maupun
kecurangan, yang tidak signifikan terhadap laporan keuangan telah
terdeteksi.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2-6
 TANGGUNG JAWAB
AUDITOR

1. Salah saji material VS tidak material PSA 1 (SA 110)

2. Keyakinan Memadai
3. Kesalahan VS Kecurangan (PSA 70 (SA 316))
4. Skeptisme Profesional (PSA 04 (SA 230))

©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2-7

 Auditor bertanggung jawab atas kepastian
yang layak, tetapi tidak absolut,
karena beberapa alasan :
1. Sebagian bukti audit diperoleh dari pengujian sampel
populasi seperti piutang usaha atau persediaan.

2. Penyajian akuntansi mengandung estimasi yang

kompleks, yang melibatkan sejumlah ketidakpastian
serta dapat dipengaruhi oleh peristiwa-peristiwa di masa
depan.

3. Laporan keuangan yang disusun penuh oleh kecurangan

sering kali sangat sulit, bahkan tidak mungkin untuk
dideteksi oleh auditor, terutama bila ada kolusi di
kalangan manajemen perusahaan.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2-8
 Transaction Flow Example
Ledgers,
Transactions Journals Trial Balance,
and Financial
Sales Statements
Sales
journal
General ledger
and subsidiary
records
Cash Cash receipts
receipts journal
General ledger
trial balance
Acquisition
Acquisitions Financial
of goods
journal statements
and services
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2-9
 Transaction Flow Example
Ledgers,
Transactions Journals Trial Balance,
Cash and Financial
Cash Statements
disbursements
disbursements
journal General ledger
and subsidiary
records
Payroll
Payroll
services and
journal
disbursements General ledger
trial balance
Allocation
General Financial
and
journal statements
adjustments
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 10
 Balance and Transactions
Affecting Balances Example
Accounts Receivable (in
Beginning thousands)
$ 17,521
balance
Sales $144,328 $137,087 Cash receipts

Sales returns
$ 1,242 and allowances

Charge-off of
$ 3,323 uncollectible
accounts

Ending balance $ 20,197

©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 11
 Management Assertions

1. Assertions about classes of transactions and

events for the period under audit

2. Assertions about account balances a period end

3. Assertions about presentation and disclosure

©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 12

 Management Assertions for
Each Category of Assertions
Assertions About Classes Assertions About Assertions About
of Transactions and Events Account Balances Presentation and Disclosure
Occurrence Existence Occurrence and rights
and obligations
Completeness Completeness Completeness
Accuracy Valuation and Accuracy and
allocation valuation
Classification Classification and
understandability
Cut-off
Rights and
obligations
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 13
 Management Assertions and
Transaction-related Audit Objectives
Hillsburg Hardware Company :
As Applied to Sales
Management Assertions Transactions
General Transaction- Specific Sales Transaction-
About Classes of related Audit related Audit Objectives
Transactions and Events Objectives
Occurrence Occurrence Recorded sales are for
shipments made to
nonfictitious customers
Completeness Completeness Existing sales
transactions are recorded
Accuracy Accuracy Recorded sales are for
the amount of goods
shipped and are correctly
billed and recorded
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 14
 Management Assertions and
Transaction-related Audit :Objectives
Hillsburg Hardware Company
As Applied to Sales
Management Assertions Transactions
General Transaction- Specific Sales Transaction-
About Classes of related Audit related Audit Objectives
Transactions and Events Objectives
Accuracy Posting and Sales transactions are
summarization properly included in the
master file and are
correctly summarized
Classification Classification Sales transactions are
properly classified
Cut-off Timing Sales transactions are
recorded on the correct
dates.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 15
 Management Assertions and
Transaction-related Audit Objectives
Hillsburg Hardware Company:
As Applied to
Inventory
General
Management Assertions Balance- Specific Balance-related Audit
About Account Balances related Audit Objectives Applied to Inventory
Objectives
Existence Existence All recorded inventory exists
at the balance sheet date
Completeness Completeness All existing inventory has
been counted and included
in the inventory summary

©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 16

 Management Assertions and
Transaction-related Audit Objectives
Hillsburg Hardware Company:
As Applied to
Inventory
General
Management Assertions Balance- Specific Balance-related Audit
About Account Balances related Audit Objectives Applied to Inventory
Objectives Inventory quantities on the
Valuation and Accuracy
allocation client’s perpetual records
agree with items physically
on hand
Prices used to value
inventories are materially
correct
Extensions of price times
quantity are correct and
details are correctly added
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 17
 Management Assertions and
Transaction-related Audit Objectives
Hillsburg Hardware Company:
As Applied to
Inventory
General
Management Assertions Balance- Specific Balance-related Audit
About Account Balances related Audit Objectives Applied to Inventory
Objectives
Valuation and Classification Inventory items are properly
allocation classified as to raw
materials, work in process,
and finished goods
Cut-off Purchase cutoff at year end
is proper
Sales cutoff at year end is
proper

©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 18

 Management Assertions and
Transaction-related Audit Objectives
Hillsburg Hardware Company:
As Applied to
Inventory
General
Management Assertions Balance- Specific Balance-related Audit
About Account Balances related Audit Objectives Applied to Inventory
Objectives
Valuation and Detail tie-in Total of inventory items
allocation agrees with general ledger
Realizable Inventories have been written
value down where net realizable
value is impaired
Rights and obligations Rights and The company has title to all
obligations inventory items listed
Inventories are not pledged
as collateral
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 19
 Management Assertions and
Transaction-related Audit Objectives
Hillsburg Hardware Company:
As Applied to
Inventory
General
Management Assertions Balance- Specific Balance-related Audit
About Account Balances related Audit Objectives Applied to Inventory
Objectives
Valuation and Classification Inventory items are properly
allocation classified as to raw
materials, work in process,
and finished goods
Cutoff Purchase cutoff at year end
is proper
Sales cutoff at year end is
proper

©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 20

 Management Assertions and
Transaction-related Audit Objectives
Hillsburg Hardware Company:
As Applied to
Inventory
General
Management Assertions Balance- Specific Balance-related Audit
About Account Balances related Audit Objectives Applied to Inventory
Objectives
Valuation and Detail tie-in Total of inventory items
allocation agrees with general ledger
Realizable Inventories have been written
value down where net realizable
value is impaired
Rights and obligations Rights and The company has title to all
obligations inventory items listed
Inventories are not pledged
as collateral
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 21
 Management Assertions and Presentation and
Disclosure-related Audit Objectives
Hillsburg Hardware Company:
As Applied to Notes
Payable
General
Management Presentation-
Assertions About and Disclosure- Specific Presentation and
Presentation and related Audit Disclosure-related Audit Objectives
Disclosure Objectives Applied to Notes Payable

Occurrence Occurrence Notes payable as described in

and rights and and rights and the
obligations obligations footnotes exist and are
obligations of the company
Completeness Completeness All required disclosures related
to notes payable are included in
the financial statement footnotes

©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 22

 Management Assertions and Presentation and
Disclosure-related Audit Objectives
Hillsburg Hardware Company:
As Applied to Notes
Payable
General
Management Presentation-
Assertions About Specific Presentation and
and Disclosure-
Presentation and Disclosure-related Audit Objectives
related Audit
Disclosure Applied to Notes Payable
Objectives
Valuation and Valuation and Footnote disclosures related to
allocation allocation notes payable are accurate.
Classification Classification Notes payable are appropriately
and and classified as to short-term and
understandabilit understandabilit long-term obligations and
y y related financial statement
disclosures are understandable
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 23
 How Audit Objectives Are
Met
The auditor must obtain sufficient
appropriate
audit evidence to
support all
Management assertions
in the financial statements.
So, ....
An audit process has four specific
phases
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 24
 Four Phases of a Financial
Statement Audit
Perform
Plan and design analytical
Phase I an audit Phase III procedures and
approach tests of details
of balances

Perform tests of
Complete the
controls and
Phase II Phase IV audit and issue
substantive tests
an audit report
of transactions

©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 25

 End of Chapter 4

©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 2 - 26