DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ......................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .......................................................................... ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TUGAS AKHIR .............................. iii
PRAKATA ........................................................................................................ iv
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xiii
INTISARI .......................................................................................................... xiv
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ xv

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................ 1

1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ....................................................... 1
1.2 Perumusan Masalah .............................................................. 1
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................. 1
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................ 2
1.5 Batasan Masalah ................................................................... 2

BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DAN LANDASAN TEORI................. 3

2.1. Tinjauan Pustaka.................................................................... 3
Kardiyono Tjokrodimulyo, “Teknologi Beton 1996”…….
2.2 Landasan Teori ..................................................................... 4
2.2.1 Terminologi Beton ...................................................... 4
2.2.2 Macam – Macam Beton .............................................. 5
2.2.3 Material Penyusun Beton ............................................ 10
2.2.4 Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kekutan Beton .............. 17
2.2.5 Karateristik Beton ....................................................... 21
2.2.6 Sifat-Sifat Beton Segar ............................................... 22

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BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN............................................................. 32
3.1 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................ 32
3.2. Alat dan Material .................................................................. 32
3.2.1 Material yang digunakan ............................................. 32
3.2.2 Alat-alat yang digunakan ............................................. 34
3.3 Proses Penelitian ................................................................... 42
3.3.1 Pengujian Agregat Halus ............................................ 42
3.3.2 Pengujian Agregat Kasar ............................................ 48
3.3.3 Penyusunan Mix Design .............................................. 59

BAB IV. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................... 72

4.1. Pengujian Material ................................................................ 72
4.1.1 Pengujian agregat halus ............................................. 72
4.1.2 Pengujian agregat Kasar ............................................ 73
4.2. Pengujian Slam Tes .............................................................. 75
4.3. Hasil Pengujian Sifat Mekanik Beton ................................... 76
4.3.1 Hasil pengujian kuat tekan beton ............................... 76
4.1.2 Hasil Pengujian kuat Tarik belah ............................... 78
4.1.3 Hasil pengujian kuat lentur balok .............................. 80

BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN..................................................... 83

5.1. Kesimpulan............................................................................ 83
5.2. Saran...................................................................................... 83

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Gradasi Agregat Kasar ukuran maksimal 10 mm, 20 mm, dan 40 mm
...................................................................................................... 12
Tabel 2.2. Tabel Gradasi Agregat Halus ........................................................ 14
Tabel 2.3. Perbandingan Kuat tekan Beton Pada Berbagai Umur (Satuan
Mpa) .....................................................................................................
... 19
Tabel 2.4. Tabel Perbandingan Kuat tekan Beton Dengan Fas 0,5 dan Jenis
semen Serta Agregat Kasar Yang Biasa Dipakai Di Indonesia .... 25
Tabel 2.5. Tabel Persyaratan Faktor Air Semen Untuk Berbagai Macam
Pembetonan ................................................................................... 25
Tabel 2.6. Tabel Nilai Slump menurut ACI .................................................... 26
Tabel 2.7. Tabel Perkiraan Kadar Air Bebas Permeter Kubik Beton (liter)
Untuk beberapa tingkat kemudahan pekerjaan adukan ................ 27
Tabel 2.8. Tabel Kebutuhan Semen Minimum dan Untuk Berbagai Pembetonan
dan Lingkungan Khusus ............................................................... 28
Tabel 2.9. Tabel Contoh (Mix Design) .......................................................... 31

Tabel 3.1 Tabel Berat Jenis Pasir Serayu ...................................................... 44

Tabel 3.2 Tabel Hasil Uji Gradasi Agregat Agak Halus Pasir Serayu .......... 46
Tabel 3.3 Tabel Hasil Pengujian Kadar Lumpur Pasir Serayu....................... 48
Tabel 3.4 Tabel BJ kerikil 10mm ................................................................. 50
Tabel 3.5 Tabel BJ kerikil 20mm ................................................................. 50
Tabel 3.6 Tabel BJ kerikil 40mm ................................................................. 50
Tabel 3.7 Tabel Gradasi 10mm, 20mm, 40mm ............................................. 51
Tabel 3.8 Tabel Pengujian Gradasi 10mm .................................................... 51
Tabel 3.9 Tabel Trial 1 Agregat 20 mm......................................................... 52
Tabel 3.10 Tabel Trial 2 Agregat 20 mm......................................................... 53
Tabel 3.11 Tabel Gradasi Agregat 40 mm Trial 1............................................ 54
Tabel 3.12 Tabel Gradasi Agregat 40 mm Trial 2............................................ 55

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Tabel 3.12 Tabel Gradasi Agregat 40 mm Trial 2............................................ 55
Tabel 3.13 Tabel Gradasi Agregat 40 mm Trial 3............................................ 56
Tabel 3.14 Tabel Daftar Gradasi dan Berat Benda Uji..................................... 58
Tabel 3.15 Tabel Hasil uji keausan agregat kasar............................................ 59
Tabel 3.16 Tabel Persyaratan factor air semen maksimum untuk berbagai
pembetonan.................................................................................... 65
Tabel 3.17 Tabel Nilai slam menurut ACI........................................................ 65
Tabel 3.18 Tabel Perkiraan kadar air bebas per meter kubik beton (liter)....... 67
Tabel 3.19 Tabel Kebutuhan semen minimum untuk berbagai
pembetonan dan lingkungan khusus.............................................. 67
Tabel 3.20 Tabel Mix design masing-masing ukuran agregat.......................... 71

Tabel 4.1 Nilai Slam Adukan ........................................................................ 76

Tabel 4.2 Hasil Uji Kuat Tekan Beton Agregat 10 mm Umur 28 Hari.......... 77
Tabel 4.3 Hasil Uji Kuat Tekan Beton Agregat 20 mm Umur 28 Hari.......... 77
Tabel 4.4 Hasil Uji Kuat Tekan Beton Agregat 40 mm Umur 28 Hari.......... 77
Tabel 4.5 Hasil Uji Kuat Tarik Belah Beton Agregat 10 mm Umur 28
Hari................................................................................................. 79
Tabel 4.6 Hasil Uji Kuat Tarik Belah Beton Agregat 20 mm Umur 28
Hari................................................................................................. 79
Tabel 4.7 Hasil Uji Kuat Tarik Belah Beton Agregat 40 mm Umur 28
Hari................................................................................................. 79
Tabel 4.8 Hasil Uji Kuat Lentur Beton Agregat 10 mm Umur 28 Hari......... 81
Tabel 4.9 Hasil Uji Kuat Lentur Beton Agregat 20 mm Umur 28 Hari......... 81
Tabel 4.10 Hasil Uji Kuat Lentur Beton Agregat 40 mm Umur 28 Hari......... 81

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Beton ringan................................................................................... 5

Gambar 2.2 Beton Non Pasir ............................................................................ 6
Gambar 2.3 Beton Hampa ................................................................................ 6
Gambar 2.4 Beton Bertulang ............................................................................ 7
Gambar 2.5 beton Pra-tegang ........................................................................... 7
Gambar 2.6 Beton Pra-cetak ............................................................................. 8
Gambar 2.7 Beton Massa .................................................................................. 8
Gambar 2.8 Beton Siklop ................................................................................. 9
Gambar 2.9 Beton Serat .................................................................................... 9
Gambar 2.10 Grafik Gradasi Agregat Kasar Maks. 10mm................................. 12
Gambar 2.11 Grafik Gradasi Agregat Kasar Maks. 20mm................................. 13
Gambar 2.12 Grafik Gradasi Agregat Kasar Maks. 40mm ................................ 13
Gambar 2.13 Grafik Zona I Pasir Kasar ............................................................. 15
Gambar 2.14 Grafik Zona II Pasir sedang (agak Kasar) .................................... 15
Gambar 2.15 Grafik Zona III Pasir Agak Halus ................................................. 16
Gambar 2.16 Grafik Zona IV Pasir Halus .......................................................... 16
Gambar 2.17 Hubungan Faktor Air Semen Dengan Kepadatan..........................18
Gambar 2.18 Grafik hubungan antara kuat tekan dan factor air semen untuk
benda uji silinder ........................................................................... 24
Gambar 2.19 Hubungan fas terhadap agregat 10mm ......................................... 29
Gambar 2.20 Hubungan fas terhadap agregat 20mm ......................................... 29
Gambar 2.21 Hubungan fas terhadap agregat 40mm ......................................... 29
Gambar 2.22 Grafik Hubungan Atara Kuat Tekandan FAS Untuk Benda
Uji Silinder .................................................................................... 30

Gambar 3.1 Semen Gresik ................................................................................ 32

Gambar 3.2 Agregat Halus ............................................................................... 32
Gambar 3.3 Agregat Maksimum 40 mm .......................................................... 33

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Gambar 3.4 Agregat Maksimum 20 mm........................................................... 33
Gambar 3.5 Agregat Maksimum 10 mm........................................................... 33
Gambar 3.6 Timbangan Kapasitas 2,5 Kg ........................................................ 34
Gambar 3.7 Timbangan Kapasitas 15 Kg ......................................................... 34
Gambar 3.8 Timbangan Kapasitas 20 Kg.......................................................... 35
Gambar 3.9 Timbangan Kapasitas 50 Kg.......................................................... 35
Gambar 3.10 Sendok Semen ............................................................................... 36
Gambar 3.11 Satu Set Alat Uji Slam .................................................................. 36
Gambar 3.12 Concrete Mixer ............................................................................. 37
Gambar 3.13 Cetakkan Silinder .......................................................................... 37
Gambar 3.14 Cetakkan Balok ............................................................................. 38
Gambar 3.15 Tempat Adukan Beton / Nampan ................................................. 38
Gambar 3.16 Gelas Ukur .................................................................................... 39
Gambar 3.17 Mesin Oven ................................................................................... 39
Gambar 3.18 Pengujian Kuat Tekan ................................................................... 40
Gambar 3.19 Pengujian Tarik Belah .................................................................. 40
Gambar 3.20 Pengujian Kuat Lentur................................................................... 41
Gambar 3.21 Sekop ............................................................................................ 41
Gambar 3.22 Mesin Abrasi ................................................................................ 42
Gambar 3.23 Proses Penimbangan Piknometer + Air + Pasir ............................ 44
Gambar 3.24 Saringan Untuk Uji Gradasi .......................................................... 45
Gambar 3.25 Mesin Yang Digunakan Untuk Mengayak ................................... 46
Gambar 3.26 Cawan Yang digunakan Untuk Pengujian Kadar Lumpur ........... 48
Gambar 3.27 Hubungan FAS dan Kuat Tekan Rata-rata ................................... 66
Gambar 3.28 Proporsi Agregat Halus Pada AGregat 10 mm ............................. 67
Gambar 3.29 Proporsi Agregat Halus Pada AGregat 20 mm ............................. 68
Gambar 3.30 Proporsi Agregat Halus Pada AGregat 40 mm ............................. 68
Gambar 3.31 Grafik Hubungan Kuat Tekan dan Faktor Air Semen Untuk
Benda Uji Silinder Agregat 10 mm .............................................. 69
Gambar 3.31 Grafik Hubungan Kuat Tekan dan Faktor Air Semen Untuk
Benda Uji Silinder Agregat 10 mm .............................................. 70

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Gambar 3.32 Grafik Hubungan Kuat Tekan dan Faktor Air Semen Untuk
Benda Uji Silinder Agregat 20 mm .............................................. 70
Gambar 4.1 Grafik Gradasi Pasir....................................................................... 72
Gambar 4.2 Grafik Gradasi Agregat Maksimum 10 mm.................................. 74
Gambar 4.3 Grafik Gradasi Agregat Maksimum 20 mm.................................. 74
Gambar 4.4 Grafik Gradasi Agregat Maksimum 10 mm.................................. 75
Gambar 4.5 Grafik Rata-rata Nilai Slam .......................................................... 75
Gambar 4.6 Hasil Uji Sampel Kuat Tekan ....................................................... 78
Gambar 4.7 Hasil Uji sampel Tarik Belah ........................................................ 80
Gambar 4.8 Hasil Uji Sampel Kuat Tekan ....................................................... 78

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 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Lembar Asistensi.

Lampiran 2 Surat Keputusan Tugas Akhir.
Lampiran 3 Foto Kegiatan Penelitian.

xiii
 PENGARUHH UKURAN MAKSIMUM BUTIR AGREGAT KASAR
TERHADAP WORKABILITY DAN SIFAT MEKANIK BETON

Oleh:
M. Miftahul Mubin 1)
F. Eddy Poerwodihardjo 2) Iwan Rustendi 3)
1)
Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wijayakusuma Purwokerto
2) 3)
Dosen pengajar fakultas Teknik Universitas Wijayakusuma Purwokerto
Program Studi Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Wijayakusuma
Purwokerto
Jln. Beji Karangsalam No. 25, Banyumas, Jawa Tengah
INTISARI

Sifat agregat yang paling berpengaruh adalah permukaan dan ukuran

maksimumya, permukaan yang halus pada kerikil dan kasar pada batu pecah
berpengaruh pada lekatan dan besar tegangan saat retak-retak beton mulai
terbentuk. Oleh karena itu kekasaran permukaan berpengaruh terhadap bentuk
kurve dan regangan-regangan beton, dan terhadap kekuatan betonnya. Pada
penelitian ini benda uji dari masing-masing butir maksimum agregat 10mm, 20
mm dan 40 mm, di uji lalu di bandingkan nilai slam dan sifatmekanik betonnya.
Pengujian slam untuk adukan beton didapat nilai slam agregat maksimum 10 mm
dengan nilai slam rat-rata 5,9 cm, agregat 20 mm nilai slam rata-ratanya 4,23 cm,
dan agregat maksimum 40 mm nilai slam rata-rata 2,83 cm. Dari nilai slam rata-
rata pengujian maka diambil kesimpulan bahwa agregat maksimum 10 mm adalah
nilai slam terbesar dan paling mudah dikerjakan (workable) sedangkan agregat
maksimum 40 mm adalah yang relatif susah dikerjakan. Pengujian kuat tekan
beton menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar ukuran butir agregat kuat tekannya
semakin besar, hal ini terlihat dari jumlah rata-rata kenaikkan kuat tekannya.
Benda uji yang menggunakan agregat maksimum 10 mm ke 20 mm sebesar 0,88
MPa atau sebesar 3,08 % dan agregat maksimum 20 mm ke 40 mm sebesar 2MPa
atau sebesar 3,60 %. Ukuran butir agregat mempengaruhi sifat mekanik benda uji
meskipun dengan persentase yang kecil dan tipe retak benda uji hancur. Pengujian
kuat tarik beton pada tabel menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan tarik beton mengalami
kenaikan antara agregat maksimum 10 mm ke 20 mm 0,2 MPa atau sebesar 0,21
% dan agregat 20 mm ke 40 mm sebesar 0,4 MPa atau sebesar 0,24 %. Tipe retak
benda uji terbelah 2 bagian. pengujian kuat lentur beton menunjukkan bahwa kuat
lentur beton mengalami kenaikan antara agregat 10 mm ke agregat 20 mm sebesar
0,20MPa atau sebesar 0,020 % dan agregat maksimum 20 mm ke agregat
maksimum 40 mm 0,1MPa atau sebesar 0,024 %, dengan titik belah hasil
pengujian pada bagian tengah dan tipe retak benda uji terbelah pada bagian tengah
balok. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan ukuran butir maksimum
agregat mempengaruhi workability dan sifat mekanik beton meskipun dengan
presentase yang rendah.

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Kata kunci: Pengaruh ukuran maksimum agregat, Workability, Sifat Mekanik
Beton.

ABSTRACT

The most influential aggregate properties are the surface and the maximum
size, the smooth surface of the gravel and the roughness of the broken stone affect
the adhesion and stress when concrete cracks begin to form. Therefore surface
roughness influences the shape of the concrete curves and strains, and the
strength of the concrete. In this study the specimens of each of the maximum
10mm, 20 mm and 40 mm aggregate grains were tested and then compared the
slump values and the mechanical properties of the concrete. Slump test for
concrete mortar obtained a maximum aggregate slam value of 10 mm with an
average slump value of 5.9 cm, 20 mm aggregate slump value averaged 4.23 cm,
and a maximum aggregate of 40 mm an average slump value of 2.83 cm . From
the average slump value of the test, it can be concluded that a maximum
aggregate of 10 mm is the largest and easiest workable slump value while a
maximum 40 mm aggregate is relatively difficult to work with. Concrete
compressive strength testing shows that the greater the aggregate grain size the
greater the compressive strength, this is evident from the average number of
compressive strength increases. Specimens using a maximum aggregate of 10 mm
to 20 mm were 0.88 MPa or 3.08% and a maximum aggregate of 20 mm to 40 mm
was 2MPa or 3.60%. Aggregate grain size affects the mechanical properties of
the test specimens even with a small percentage and the type of cracked specimens
destroyed. The test concrete tensile strength in the table shows that the tensile
strength of concrete has increased between a maximum aggregate of 10 mm to 20
mm 0.2 MPa or of 0.21% and 20 mm to 40 mm aggregate of 0.4 MPa or of
0.24%. The crack type of the test piece is divided into 2 parts. Concrete flexural
test shows that the flexural strength of concrete has increased between 10 mm
aggregate to 20 mm aggregate by 0.20MPa or 0.020% and maximum 20 mm
aggregate to maximum 40 mm 0.1MPa or 0.024% aggregate, with the split point
of the test results in the middle and crack type of the test object split in the middle
of the beam. From the results of research that has been carried out the maximum
aggregate grain size affects the workability and mechanical properties of concrete
even with a low percentage.

Keywords: Effect of aggregate maximum size, Workability, Concrete Mechanical

Properties

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