KULIAH 2
Materi:
1. Gas ideal dan dan gas nyata
2. Hukum gas ideal dan teori kinetika gas
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GAS: Sifat tidak tergantung
dari komposisi kimianya
GAS
IDEAL NYATA
Gas Ideal
Gas ideal adalah suatu gas yang memiliki sifat-sifat sebagai
berikut :
• Jumlah partikel gas banyak sekali tetapi tidak ada gaya
tarik menarik (interaksi) antar partikel
• Setiap partikel gas selalu bergerak dengan arah
sembarang atau bergerak secara acak
• Ukuran partikel gas dapat diabaikan terhadap ukuran
ruangan. Atau bisa dikatakan ukuran partikel gas ideal
jauh lebih kecil daripada jarak atar partikel
• Bila tumbukan yang terjadi sifatnya lenting sempurna
• Partikel gas terdistribusi merata pada seluruh ruang
dengan jumlah yang banyak
• Berlaku hukum Newton tentang gerak
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G A S I D EA L D A N G A S N YATA
Suatu gas dikatakan ideal jika mengikuti
persamaan pada hukum gas ideal.
Namun, didapatkan, bahwa gas yang kita jumpai,
yakni gas nyata, tidak secara ketat mengikuti
hukum gas ideal.
Hukum gas ideal berlaku pada gas yang memiliki
massa jenis dan tekanan yang tidak terlalu besar
serta temperatur tidak mencapai titik didih
(temperatur rendah).
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SIFAT - SIFAT G A S
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Tekanan
Force
Pressure = Area
(force = mass x acceleration)
Units of Pressure
Barometer
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Gambar Barometer Torricelli.
Manometer
Manometer digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan dalam
suatu bejana atau ruang tertutup.
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Hukum gas ideal dan
teori kinetika gas
Hukum-
Hukum-hukum Gas
1. Hukum Boyle:
Pada suhu konstan, volume sejumlah gas
berbanding terbalik dengan tekanannya.
V ∞ 1/P
V = Volume Gas
P = Tekanan Gas
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Boyle’s Law
P α 1/V
P x V = constant Constant temperature
Constant amount of gas
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
P x V = constant
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
P1 = 726 mmHg P2 = ?
V1 = 946 mL V2 = 154 mL
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2 Hukum charles
2. Hukum Charles
Pada tekanan tetap, volume sejumlah gas
tertentu berbanding lurus dengan suhu (K) .
V∞T
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A sample of carbon monoxide gas occupies 3.20 L at 125
0C. At what temperature will the gas occupy a volume of
V1 /T1 = V2 /T2
V1 = 3.20 L V2 = 1.54 L
T1 = 398.15 K T2 = ?
T1 = 125 (0C) + 273.15 (K) = 398.15 K
V2 x T1 1.54 L x 398.15 K
T2 = = = 192 K
V1 3.20 L
3. Hukum Gay-Lussac
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3. Hukum Gay-Lussac
P∞T
P1 = 1.20 atm P2 = ?
T1 = 291 K T2 = 358 K
P1 P2
=
T1 T2
T2
P2 = P1 x = 1.20 atm x 358 K = 1.48 atm
T1 291 K
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4. Hukum Kombinasi Gas
PV/T = konstan
P1V1/T 1= C’’’
P2V2/T 2= C’’’
5. Hukum Avogadro
Pada tekanan dan temperatur tertentu,
volume tertentu akan mengandung jumlah
mol gas yang sama.
V ~n
Dari hukum Boyle, Charles dan Avogadro
dapat terlihat bahwa volume merupakan
fungsi dari jumlah mol, tekanan dan
temperatur. Dengan menggunakan
matematika yang sederhana dapat
diturunkan hubungan sebagai berikut :
P . V = n . R. T
Persamaan ini dikenal dengan nama
Persamaan Keadaan bagi Gas Ideal.
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6. Ideal Gas Equation
PV = nRT
Satuan
Jika P = atm P = Pa
V=L V = m3
n = mol n = mol
R = 0,082 L.atm.K-1.mol-1 R = 8,314 J.K-1.mol-1
T=K T=K
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What is the volume (in liters) occupied by 49.8 g of HCl at
STP?
T = 0 0C = 273.15 K
P = 1 atm
PV = nRT
1 mol HCl
nRT n = 49.8 g x = 1.37 mol
V= 36.45 g HCl
P
L•atm
1.37 mol x 0.0821 x
mol•K
273.15 K
V=
1 atm
V = 30.6 L
dRT
Mr = d is the density of the gas in g/L
P
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A 2.10-L vessel contains 4.65 g of a gas at 1.00 atm and
27.0 0C. What is the molar mass of the gas?
dRT 4.65 g
d= m =
g
Mr = V 2.10 L
= 2.21 L
P
g L•atm
2.21 x 0.0821mol•K x 300.15 K
L
Mr =
1 atm
Mr =54.6 g/mol
Gas Stoichiometry
L•atm
0.187 mol x 0.0821 x 310.15 K
nRT mol•K
V= = = 4.76 L
P 1.00 atm
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7. Hukum Dalton
7. Hukum Dalton
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Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
V and T
are
constant
P1 P2 Ptotal = P1 + P2
nART
PA = nA is the number of moles of A
V
nBRT nB is the number of moles of B
PB =
V
nA nB
PT = PA + PB XA = XB =
nA + nB nA + nB
PA = XA PT PB = XB PT
ni
Pi = Xi PT mole fraction (Xi) =
nT
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A sample of natural gas contains 8.24 moles of CH4, 0.421
moles of C2H6, and 0.116 moles of C3H8. If the total
pressure of the gases is 1.37 atm, what is the partial pressure
of propane (C3H8)?
Pi = Xi PT PT = 1.37 atm
0.116
Xpropane = = 0.0132
8.24 + 0.421 + 0.116
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Gas diffusion is the gradual mixing of molecules of one gas with
molecules of another by virtue of their kinetic properties.
√
r1 Mr2
=
r2 Mr1
NH4Cl
NH3 HCl
17 g/mol 36 g/mol
√
r1 t2 Mr2
= =
r2 t1 Mr1
r1 2
r1 = 3.3 x r2 M2 = (r )
2
x M1 = (3.3)2 x 16 = 174.2
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TEORI KINETIKA GAS
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Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
1. A gas is composed of molecules that are separated from each
other by distances far greater than their own dimensions. The
molecules can be considered to be points; that is, they possess
mass but have negligible volume.
2. Gas molecules are in constant motion in random directions,
and they frequently collide with one another. Collisions
among molecules are perfectly elastic.
3. Gas molecules exert neither attractive nor repulsive forces on
one another.
4. The average kinetic energy of the molecules is proportional to
the temperature of the gas in kelvins. Any two gases at the
same temperature will have the same average kinetic energy
KE = ½ mu2
• Charles’ Law
P α collision rate with wall
Collision rate α average kinetic energy of gas molecules
Average kinetic energy α T
PαT
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Kinetic theory of gases and …
• Avogadro’s Law
P α collision rate with wall
Collision rate α number density
Number density α n
Pαn
urms = √ 3RT
Mr
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10. Deviations from Ideal Behavior/ Gas Nyata
Repulsive Forces
1 mole of ideal gas
PV = nRT
PV = 1.0
n=
RT
Attractive Forces
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Van der Waals equation
nonideal gas
2
( P + anV2 )(V – nb) = nRT
}
corrected corrected
pressure volume
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Persamaan Gas Nyata
an 2
P + 2 (V − nb ) = nRT
V
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b. Suhu Gas Ideal
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Adapun kecepatan efektif atau Vrms (rms = root mean
square) didefinisikan sebagai akar dari rata-rata kuadrat
kecepatan yang dirumuskan:
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