Cell junctions. Both animals and plants have cell junctions that allow molecu
to pass readily between adjacent cells without crossing plasma membra
Tahap-tahap pensinyalan/percakapan sel
1.Penerimaan : pendeteksian sinyal dr luar sel oleh
protein membran sel sebagai reseptor
2.Transduksi : pengikatan molekul sinyal mengubah
protein reseptor mengawali proses transduksi
memicu respons seluler spesifik
3.Respons : respons seluler aktif
Mis: stimulasi hormon LH pd sel luteal produksi progesteron
Receptor
Activation
of cellular
response
Relay molecules in a signal transduction pathway
Signal
Ada 3 tipe sinyal interseluler, yi:
1. Parakrin sel mengekskresi substansi yg
mempengaruhi sel sekitarnya
2. Sinaptik pensinyalan pd sel sel saraf dimana
sel saraf melepaskan molekul neurotransmiter
ke sinapsis.
3. Endokrin/hormonal Sel di satu bagian
tubuh mengirimkan hormon mll aliran darah
utk mempengaruhi bagian/organ lain.
I
I. PARAKRIN:
sejumlah mediator (first messenger) yg dihasilkan sel
ttt memberi-kan sinyal khusus kpd sel sasaran yg
berada disekitarnya
Mediator yg termasuk parakrin sitokin (contoh:
limfokin, kimokin, growth factor)
II. SINAPSIS DAN NEUROTRANSMITER :
Target cell
Electrical signal
along nerve cell
triggers release of
neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter
Secretory
diffuses across
vesicle
synapse
Local regulator
diffuses through
extracellular fluid Target cell
is stimulated
(b) Synaptic signaling. A nerve cell releases
(a)Paracrine signaling. A secreting cell acts on neurotran-smitter molecules into a synapse,
nearby target cells by discharging molecules of a stimulating the
local regulator (a growth factor, for example) into target cell.
the extracellular fluid.
III. ENDOKRIN
Hormone travels
in bloodstream
(c) Hormonal signaling. Specialized to target cells
endocrine cells secrete hormones
into body fluids, often the blood.
Hormones may reach virtually all
body cells.
Target
cell
Sistem endokrin diperlukan utk mengatur aktivitas
berbagai jenis sel sasaran yg berbeda dg
menggunakan berbagai jenis mediator (hormon)
diangkut dlm sirkulasi darah dg cara yg spesifik
Signal-binding site
Segment that
interacts with
G proteins
GDP
G-protein GDP GTP
CYTOPLASM (inactive) Enzyme
Activated
enzyme
GTP
GDP
Pi
Cellular response
Figure 11.7
RESEPTOR ION CHANNEL
RESEPTOR TIROSIN KINASE
Penyampaian sinyal melalui second messenger :