ALASAN JEPANG MEMPERKUAT HUBUNGAN DENGAN INDIA

DALAM SPECIAL STRATEGIC AND GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP

Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1

SKRIPSI

OLEH:

RITA NURJANAH

201510360311164

PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019
ii
iii
 BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI

Nama : Rita Nurjanah

NIM : 201510360311164
Jurusan : Hubungan Internasional
Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Judul Skripsi : Alasan Jepang Memperkuat Hubungan dengan India dalam
Special Strategic and Global Partnership.
Pembimbing : 1. Haryo Prasodjo, S.IP., MA
2. Tonny Dian Effendi, S.Sos., M.Si
Kronologi Bimbingan:

iv
v
 ABSTRAKSI

Rita Nurjanah, 2019, 201510360311164, Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Program Studi Hubungan
Internasional, Alasan Jepang Memperkuat Hubungan dengan India dalam
Special Strategic and Global Partnership, Pembimbing I: Haryo Prasodjo, S.
IP., MA, Pembimbing II: Tonny Dian Effendi, S.Sos., M.Si.
Penelitian ini membahas tentang alasan Jepang memperkuat hubungannya
dalam special strategic dan global partnership dengan India yang dilakukan pada
2014. Special strategic dan global partnership sendiri merupakan bentuk
kemitraan yang mewadahi permasalahan dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh kedua
Negara, terutama yang terjadi di abad 21 ini.
Dalam tulisan ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian eksplanatif-
kualitatif dan teori Model Adaptif dari Rosenau guna menjelaskan beberapa
alasan Jepang dalam kemitraan ini yang berasal dari eksternal, internal maupun
leadership.
Adapun penulis menemukan alasan Jepang yang berasal dari faktor eksternal
berupa munculnya kebijakan Modinomics, aktivitas militer Tiongkok dan
aktivitas nuklir Korea Utara, kemudian faktor internal berupa krisis energi Jepang
pasca bencana nuklir Fukushima dan faktor leadership berupa usulan amandemen
artikel 9 oleh Shinzo Abe. Melihat alasan tersebut, bentuk adaptasi Jepang dalam
teori Rosenau dikategorikan ke dalam bentuk acquisition.
Kata kunci: India, Jepang, Model adaptif, Special strategic dan global
partnership.

vi
 ABSTRACT

Rita Nurjanah, 2019, 201510360311164, University Muhammadiyah of

Malang, Faculty of Sosial and Political Sciences, Courses of International
Relations, Japan’s Motives to Strength its Relationship with India on Special
Strategic and Global Partnership, Main Advisor: Haryo Prasodjo, S. IP.,
MA, Co-Advisor: Tonny Dian Effendi, S.Sos., M.Si.
This research discusses Japan‟s motives to strengthen its relationship with
India in Special Strategic and Global partnership which was conducted on 2014.
Special Strategic and Global Partnership itself is a partnership that
accommodates the issues and challenges faced by Japan and India, especially
those that occur in the 21st century.
In this paper, the author uses explanative-qualitative method and Adaptive
Model theory from Rosenau to explain Japan‟s motives in this partnership that
comes from external, internal and leadership.
The authors found Japan's motives that come from external faktors those are
the emergence of Modinomics policies, China's military activities and North
Korea's nuclear activities, then internal faktors is Japan's energi crisis after
Fukushima nuclear disaster and leadership faktors in the form of a proposed
amendment to article 9 by Shinzo Abe. Seeing this motives, Japanese adaptation
model in Rosenau's theory are categorized as acquisition model.
Keywords: Adaptive Model Theory, India, Japan, Special Strategic and
Global Partnership

Malang, 26 August 2019

Researcher

Rita Nurjanah
Acknowledgement,
Main Advisor Co-Advisor

vii
 MOTTO

“Kesempatan untuk meningkatkan kemampuanmu,

bisa saja hari ini, besok atau lusa. Bahkan mungkin
saja tahun depan atau setelah kau berumur 30 tahun.
Namun jika kau berpikir kesempatan itu takkan datang,
maka hal itu juga takkan pernah datang”.
– Oikawa Tooru, Haikyuu!!-

viii
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kepada Allah SWT atas segala berkah dan ridha-Nya, sehingga
penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Alasan Jepang dalam Special
Strategic and Global Partnership dengan India”. Skripsi ini merupakan tugas
akhir penulis sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu
Politik di Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Dalam penyelesaian proses penulisan skripsi ini, tentunya terdapat bantuan
dari berbagai pihak, sehingga penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:
1. Kedua orangtua saya Bapak Sumanto dan Ibu Tri Susilowati yang
senantiasa memberikan doa dan dukungan yang tidak terputus kepada
penulis. Dan juga kakak saya Evi Maria Ulfah, yang senantiasa
memberikan semangat agar penulis segera menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
Dukungan mereka tidak dapat penulis definisikan.
2. Kepada diri saya sendiri yang telah berjuang dan mengorbankan berbagai
hal demi terselesaikannya skripsi ini.
3. Bapak Haryo Prasodjo, S. IP., MA, selaku dosen pembimbing I, yang telah
mengarahkan penulis sejak mata kuliah SHI, serta senantiasa menekankan
penulis untuk memahami kembali kerangka teori Model Adaptif dan
sejarah hubungan Jepang-India.
4. Bapak Tonny Dian Effendi, S.Sos., M.Si, selaku dosen pembimbing II,
yang selalu menekankan penulis untuk terus memperbaiki hasil analisa
serta menambahkan beberapa referensi yang berkaitan dengan
pemerintahan Jepang.
5. Ibu Shannaz Mutiara Deniar, MA, selaku dosen penguji I dan Ibu Syasya
Yuania Fadila Mas‟udi, M.StratSt, selaku dosen penguji II yang telah
memberikan banyak masukan kepada penulis demi perbaikan skripsi ini.
6. Seluruh Bapak/Ibu Dosen Prodi Hubungan Internasional Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang, atas ilmu bermanfaat yang telah diberikan
selama penulis berkuliah.

ix
7. Kepada Diana Puspitasari, sahabat yang telah menjadi tempat tukar pikiran
mengenai hal-hal tentang Jepang, serta tempat penulis menyampaikan
keluh kesah dalam proses penyelesaian skripsi.
8. Kepada HI angkatan 2015, khususnya teman-teman saya dari HI-C,
khususnya Adilah, Ummu, Disty, Rafhan dan Malfa, yang di awal sempat
saya anggap sebagai penghambat skripsi saya, namun ternyata selama dua
bulan ini telah membantu membangun kembali kepercayaan diri penulis
dengan pujian-pujian kecilnya.
9. Kepada teman baik KKN 104, Firda dan Nida yang selama beberapa bulan
ini telah mendengarkan keluhan penulis, meskipun terkadang malah
menertawainya.
10. Kepada teman-teman di IKABAMA UMM, khususnya rekan band saya,
Monalista, yang menjadi tempat penulis untuk menghibur sejenak dari
penat proses pengerjaan skripsi.
11. Kepada perusahaan mie instan merk apapun, karena telah menghasilkan
produk mie instan yang menemani penulis hampir di setiap tengah malam
ketika penulis lapar di tengah pengerjaan skripsi.
12. Serta pihak lain yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata
sempurna, sehingga penulis terbuka untuk menerima saran yang
membangun demi perbaikan ke depannya. Semoga tulisan ini dapat
memberikan manfaat bagi pembacanya.

Malang, 26 Agustus 2019

Penulis Skripsi,

Rita Nurjanah

x
 DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ……………............................................................................i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN…………………………………………………….. ii

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ........................................................ iv

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

ABSTRAKSI ...................................................................................................... vi

ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... vii

MOTTO............................................................................................................ viii

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ ix

DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xiv

DAFTAR BAGAN ............................................................................................ xv

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ xvi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................. xvii

BAB I .................................................................................................................. 1

PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 5

1.3. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................. 5

1.3.1. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................ 5

1.3.2. Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................. 6

1.3.2.1. Manfaat Akademis ........................................................................... 6

1.3.1.2. Manfaat Praktis ........................................................................... 6

1.4. Penelitian Terdahulu .............................................................................. 6

1.5. Kerangka Teori .................................................................................... 21

xi
 1.5.1. Adaptive Model dalam Politik Luar Negeri ................................... 21

1.6. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................ 25

1.6.1. Tingkat Analisa dan Variabel Penelitian ........................................... 25

1.6.2. Jenis Penelitian ................................................................................. 26

1.6.3. Teknik Analisa Data ......................................................................... 26

1.6.4. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................................ 27

1.7. Ruang Lingkup ................................................................................. 27

1.7.1. Batasan Waktu.................................................................................. 27

1.7.2. Batasan Materi.................................................................................. 27

1.8. Hipotesa .............................................................................................. 28

1.9. Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................... 28

BAB II ............................................................................................................... 32

SEJARAH PERJALANAN HUBUNGAN JEPANG-INDIA DAN

PERKEMBANGANNYA DI ABAD KE-21 ...................................................... 32

2.1. Sejarah Hubungan Jepang-India Sebelum Kemerdekaan India ................. 32

2.2. Sejarah Hubungan Bilateral Jepang-India Setelah Kemerdekaan India ..... 35

2.3. Perkembangan Hubungan Bilateral Jepang dan India di Abad ke 21 ........ 38

2.3.1. Hubungan Jepang dan India Global Partnership Tahun 2001 ........... 39

2.3.2. Hubungan Jepang dan India Tahun 2005 - 2008................................ 44

2.3.3. Hubungan Special Strategic and Global Partnership Jepang dengan

India 2014 .................................................................................................. 49

BAB III.............................................................................................................. 67

ANALISIS ALASAN JEPANG MEMPERKUAT HUBUNGAN DENGAN

INDIA DALAM SPECIAL STRATEGIC AND GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP .......... 67

3.1. Faktor Eksternal Jepang pada Penguatan Hubungan dengan India dalam
Special Strategic and Global Partnership....................................................... 67

xii
 3.1.1. Munculnya Kebijakan Modinomics yang Sejalan dengan Abenomicss
................................................................................................................... 68

3.1.2. Aktivitas Agresif Tiongkok di Kawasan Asia ................................... 73

3.1.3. Aktivitas Pengembangan Nuklir Korea Utara.................................... 80

3.2. Faktor Internal Jepang pada Penguatan Hubungan dengan India dalam
Special Strategic and Global Partnership....................................................... 84

3.2.1. Kerusakan Sumber Energi Nuklir Pasca Gempa dan Tsunami Jepang
2011 ........................................................................................................... 85

3.3. Pengaruh Leadership Shinzo Abe pada Penguatan Hubungan dengan India
dalam Special Strategic and Global Partnership ............................................ 91

3.3.1. Usulan Amandemen Artikel 9 oleh Shinzo Abe ................................ 91

3.4. Analisis Model Adaptive Rosenau terhadap Alasan Jepang Memperkuat

Hubungan dengan India dalam Special Strategic and Global Partnership ...... 99

BAB IV ........................................................................................................... 104

KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................................ 104

4.1. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 104

4.2. Saran ..................................................................................................... 105

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 106

xiii
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. 1 Tabel Posisi Penelitian....................................................................... 15

Tabel 1. 2. Bentuk Adaptif Kebijakan Luar Negeri............................................. 23

Tabel 2. 1. Timeline Hubungan Jepang-India di Abad ke 21............................... 65

Tabel 3. 1 Skema Modinomics ........................................................................... 70

xiv
 DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 1. 1 Kerangka Model Adaptif Rosenau .................................................... 23

Bagan 1. 2 Kerangka Berpikir Penelitian ............................................................ 25

Bagan 3. 1 Skema Adaptasi Jepang dalam Special Strategic and Global

Partnership .............................................................................. ………….102

xv
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 3. 1 Grafik Anggaran Pertahanan Tiongkok hingga tahun 2014 ........... 74

Gambar 3. 2 Aktivitas Tiongkok di Perairan Sekitar Jepang ............................... 75

Gambar 3. 3 Peta persengketaan Tiongkok ......................................................... 77

Gambar 3. 4 Peta Persengketaan Laut Tiongkok Selatan .................................... 78

Gambar 3. 5 Peta gempa bumi Jepang ................................................................ 86

Gambar 3. 6. Diagram sumber energi Jepang 2010 ............................................. 88

Gambar 3. 7. Diagram sumber energi Jepang 2014 ............................................. 88

Gambar 3. 8. Target sumber energi Jepang 2030 ................................................ 89

xvi
 DAFTAR SINGKATAN

3E+S = Energi Security, Economic Efficiency Environment+Safety

ARF = ASEAN Regional Forum

ASEAN = Association South-Easr Asian Nations

CBIC = Chennai-Bengaluru Industrial Corridors

CCT = Clean Coal Technology

CTBT = Comprehensive Nuclear Test Banned Treaty

DMIC = Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridors

EAS = East Asia Summit

FDI = Foreign Direct Investment

GDP = Gross National Product

IIFCL = India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited

LNG = Liquified Natural Gas

METI = Ministry Economc, Trade and Industry

NIMZ = National Investment Manufacture Zone

NPT = Non-Proliferation Nuclear

ODA = Official Development Assistance

PBB = Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa

RCEP = Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

ReCAAP = Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and

Armed Robbery

SAARC = South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

SEZ = Special Economic Zone

xvii
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