CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Pengertian, Rumus, dan Contoh 4 Tipe Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentence  digunakan untuk membuat kalimat pengandaian dalam Bahasa Inggris.

Conditional sentence ini ada beberapa jenis, penggunaannya tergantung pada fungsi kalimatnya.

Pada dasarnya, conditional sentence terdiri dari 2 klausa, if clause dan main clause.

Bentuk tenses kedua klausa ini bisa berubah berdasarkan jenis conditional sentence yang kamu

pakai. Ada 4 tipe conditional sentence. Yuk pelajari lebih lanjut masing-masing tipenya dari

penjelasan di bawah ini!

Conditional Tipe 0
Conditional sentence ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan fakta atau kebenaran umum yang

sudah pasti. Misalnya, jika kamu memanaskan air, air itu akan mendidih. Sudah pasti terjadi

bukan? 

Untuk conditional tipe ini, rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut: 

If + simple present tense, simple present tense

Contoh:

 If you heat water, it boils. (Jika kamu memanaskan air, airnya akan mendidih.)

 If you freeze water, it becomes ice. (Jika kamu membekukan air, airnya akan menjadi es.)

Conditional Tipe 1
Conditional tipe 1 digunakan untuk menggambarkan situasi yang mungkin atau diandaikan

terjadi di masa depan dan memiliki kemungkinan yang besar untuk benar-benar terjadi.

Rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut:

If + simple present tense, simple future

Contoh:

 If you study, you will pass the exam. (Jika kamu belajar, kamu akan lulus ujian.)

 If you wash your hands, you won’t get sick. (Jika kamu cuci tangan, kamu tidak akan

sakit.)

Dalam kedua kalimat di atas, berarti ada kemungkinan situasi tersebut tidak terjadi. Misalnya

kalaupun belajar, bisa saja tetap tidak lulus. Atau walaupun cuci tangan, tetap bisa sakit. Namun,
masih ada kemungkinan besar bahwa kamu akan lulus ujian (kalimat pertama) dan tidak sakit

(kalimat kedua). 

Conditional Tipe 2
Berbeda sedikit dari conditional tipe 1, conditional tipe 2 digunakan untuk menggambarkan

situasi yang tidak realistis atau memiliki kemungkinan yang sangat kecil untuk terjadi. Misalnya

membayangkan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin atau berangan-angan. Rumus conditional tipe 2

adalah sebagai berikut: 

If  + past tense, would + infinitive

Contoh: 

 If I were you, I would rest right now. (Jika aku adalah kamu, aku akan beristirahat

sekarang.)

 If you owned a theme park, what would you do? (Jika kamu mempunyai taman hiburan,

apa yang akan kamu lakukan?)

Dalam kalimat pertama, jelas situasi tersebut tidak realistis. Tidak mungkin ‘aku’ bisa menjadi

‘kamu’. Dalam kalimat kedua, ada kemungkinan ‘kamu’ akan memiliki taman hiburan, tapi

kemungkinan tersebut sangat kecil. 

Yang juga perlu diperhatikan adalah penggunaan ‘were’ dalam kalimat pertama. Kamu mungkin

bertanya, I bukannya pakai ‘was’ ya? Nah, dalam conditional sentence tipe 2, semua subjek baik

itu tunggal atau jamak semuanya menggunakan were. Jadi was sama sekali tidak dipakai ya. 

Kata would juga bisa diganti dengan beberapa auxiliary verb lainnya seperti could atau might. 

Conditional Tipe 3
Kalau dari conditional tipe 1 dan 2 membicarakan kondisi yang belum terjadi, conditional tipe 3

digunakan untuk merujuk ke masa lalu dan berandai-andai bagaimana situasi saat ini bisa berbeda

jika yang terjadi di masa lalu berbeda. Rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut:

If + past perfect, would have + V3

Contoh:

 If I had done my homework, I would have been able to play now. (Jika saja saya sudah

mengerjakan PR saya, saya sekarang bisa bermain.)

  If she hadn’t tried, she wouldn’t have gotten the scholarship. (Jika saja dia tidak mencoba,

dia tidak akan mendapatkan beasiswa.)

Artinya, klausa utama dalam kedua kalimat di atas tidak benar-benar terjadi. ‘Saya’ tidak bisa

bermain sekarang karena nyatanya belum mengerjakan PR. ‘Dia’ nyatanya mendapatkan

beasiswa karena dia telah mencoba.

Kalau dirangkum, rumus keempat tipe conditional sentences adalah sebagai berikut:

Type If Clause Main Clause

0 simple present tense simple present tense

1 simple present tense simple future

2 simple past tense would + V1

3 past perfect tense would have + V3

Exercises

Part 1
Choose one of the options that you think is the best answer!

1. If I … (finish) my assignment tonight, I will go to Mall with my friends.

A. Finish
B. Finishes
C. Would finish
D. Had finished
E. Finishing

2. If you cook vegetables for long time, they … (lose) their nutrients.
A. Lose
B. Loses
C. Had lose
D. Would lose
E. Lost

3. I would never lend to you if I … (know) before.

 A. Know
B. Knows
C. Knew
D. Had known
E. Known

4. If we … (wake up) earlier, we would have reached school.

A. Wake up
B. Woke up
C. Woken up
D. Had woken up
E. Will wake up

5. Dinda would buy tens luxury houses if she … (win) the lottery.
A. Win
B. Wins
C. Won
D. Had won
E. Winning

6. If the Sun rises on the west, the world … (end)

A. End
B. Ends
C. Ended
D. Will end
E. Would end

7. They … (bring) the cake if the baker had finished it.

A. Brought
B. Had brought
C. Would brought
D. Would have brought
E. Will bring

8. Ramadhan will be so silent if Corona … (not;leave) soon.

A. Not leave
B. Don’t leave
C. Doesn’t leave
D. Had left
E. Leaves

9. If today is your birthday, I … (give) you present.

 A. Give
B. Gives
C. Will give
D. Would give
E. Gave

10. Nothing is going to change my love for you if you always … (love) me too.
A. Love
B. Loves
C. Loving
D. Will love
E. Loved

11. If Rafli gets score more than 90, his mom … (buy) PS 4 for him.
A. Buy
B. Buys
C. Will buy
D. Would buy
E. Bought

12. Dinda would erase all policies she hated if she … (be) a president.
A. Was
B. Being
C. To be
D. Were
E. Is

13. If my brother … (study) hard, he would have passed the exam well.
A. Studies
B. Had study
C. Had studied
D. Have studied
E. Will study

14. Indonesian people would be safe from corona if they … (keep) healthy environment.
A. Keep
B. Kept
C. Keeping
D. Had kept
E. Would keep

15. You will never earn money if you just … (stay) at home doing nothing.
 A. Stay
B. Stays
C. Stayed
D. Staying
E. Had stayed

16. 2020 graders would do UNBK if corona … (go) away.

A. Goes
B. Went
C. Gone
D. Had gone
E. Go

17. If my brother and I finish the homework this evening, we … (watch) TV tonight.
A. Can watch
B. Could watch
C. Can be watched
D. Could be watched
E. Could have watched

18. They … (win) the match if the had trained harder.

A. Won
B. Had won
C. Would won
D. Would have won
E. Win

19. If I were rich, I … (collect) many branded bags.

A. Collected
B. Would collect
C. Had collected
D. Would collected
E. Will collect

20. The cock crows if morning … (come).

A. Come
B. Comes
C. Came
D. Had come
E. Will come
Part 2
Conditional Type 0 and 1
Change each verb in the bracket into correct form!

1. Avatar will make peace the 4 worlds if Avatar … (master) 4 elements.

2. If you eat, you … (feel) full.

3. There will be no mercy if you always … (do) this again.

4. Will you marry me if I … (have) much money?

5. My laptop … (work) well if the battery is full charge.

6. If you close your eyes, you … (not; see) anything.

7. If we have good character, everyone … (like) us.

8. Shinta will not wear her dress if the tailor … (not;finish) it.

9. You (earn) money if you don’t have job.

10. It … (light) if you turn the light on.

Part 3
Conditional Type 2
Change each verb in the bracket into correct form!

1. If you were a president, this country … (shatter).

2. Tiara would date you if you … (get) much inheritance.

3. Desy … (buy) many expensive sport cars if she won the lottery.

4. If Corona didn’t exist, the world … (keep) in peace.

5. If Dono … (have) a girlfriend, he would be vain.

6. My father would leave my mother if she … (cheat) from him.

7. The world war IV would happen if some countries … (fight) each other.
8. If we ate all the pizza last night, we … (get) stomacache.

9. I would lend you some money if I … (have) it.

10. Bill … (slap) Liza if she hung out with other guy.

Part 4
Conditional Type 3
Change each verb in the bracket into correct form!

1. If they had trained hard before, they … (win) the match.

2. Kelly would have cooked the soup if she … (not;sleep) in the living room.

3. If we … (publish) this, we would have been popular.

4. If my laptop had had high-end features, I … (download) all the big size game.

5. Beny would have joined that team if he … (pass) the test well.

6. If Dinda … (bring) an umbrella, she wouldn’t have got wet.

7. Your boyfriend … (reject) your calls if you had replied his text message fast.

8. Would you have given her apologies if she … (ask) forgiveness?

9. If Doni had seen the doctor, he … (feel) better now.

10. If we had passed this season, we … (go) for holiday.

Part 5
Mix Exercise (extended)
Change each verb in the bracket into correct form!

1. If we had left the house earlier, they………………. (be; negative) so late

getting to the ship.
2. If I finish the assignment before Saturday, I………………..(submit) it to my
lecturer.
3. If I had seen the concert, I………………..(tell) you about it last night.
4. Had Juki not interfered in his brother’s marital problems,
there…………………(be) peace between them.
5. She would give you the money if she……………………(have) it.
6. They would call you immediately if they………………….(need) help.
7. Had my mother arrived at the sale early, she……………….(find) a better
dress.
8. If you have enough time, please…………………..(clean) your room before
you go to school.
9. They could go for a drive if today…………………(be) Sunday.
10. If I win the prize, it will be because I………………………(write) very well.
11. If your sister………………….(buy) that chocolate for you, will you be happy?
12. If she…………………..(decide) earlier, she could have left on the morning
flight.
13. Had I known his address, I…………….(write) him a letter.
14. If the roofer doesn’t come soon, the rain………………………(leak) inside.
15. My cat always sleeps if it……………………(watch) drama on TV.
16. If you………….(see) John tonight, please ask him to call his mother.
17. If I……………(do) a good job, I would get the raise.
18. My lecturer will not accept my work if I…………….(submit) it in late.
19. If we had known her, we……………………(talk) to her.
20. They would understand it if you……………….(explain) it to them more
slowly.
21. I……………..(rich), I would travel around the world.
22. She would have understood her English teacher if she………………(speak)
slowly.
23. If my headache disappeared, I……………………(play) tennis this morning.
24. If today………………….(be) Sunday, we could go to the beach.
25. We……………….(go) tonight if we didn’t have to study.
26. If the fireman hadn’t arrived earlier, they…………………(save; negative) the
house.
27. Peter……………..(pass) the examination if he studied well.
28. Roni could win the competition if he…………………(practice) more.
29. We wouldn’t know that our parents came if my teacher………………..(tell;
negative) us.
30. Don’t expect too much if you………………(want) to be happy.
31. Had I known that Desti was a liar, I………………(tell) my secret.
32. If she………………(know) there was a test, she would have prepared for it
well.
33. We……………..(do) our work if our computer had not broken down.
34. If he…………….(be) more confident during the interview, he might have the
job he wanted.
35. They would have lost their bag if they…………………..(leave) it in the hotel.
ANSWER KEY

Part 1

1. A 11. C

2. A 12. D

3. C 13. C

4. D 14. B

5. C 15. A

6. B 16. B

7. D 17. A

8. C 18. D

9. C 19. B

10. A 20. B

Part 2

1. masters
2. feel
3. do
4. have
5. will work
6. can not
7. will like
8. doesn’t finish
9. will not earn / won’t earn
10. lights

Part 3

1. would shatter
2. got
3. would buy
4. would keep
5. had
6. cheated
7. fought
8. would get
9. had
10. would slap
Part 4

1. would have won

2. hadn’t slept
3. had published
4. would have downloaded
5. had passed
6. had brought
7. would have rejected
8. had asked
9. would have felt
10. would have gone

Part 5

1. would not have been

2. can submit
3. would have told
4. would have been
5. had
6. needed
7. would have found
8. clean
9. were
10. write
11. buy
12. had decided
13. would have written
14. leaks
15. watches
16. see
17. did
18. submit
19. would have talked
20. explained
21. were
22. had spoken
23. could play
24. were
25. would go
26. would not have saved
27. would pass
28. practiced
29. did not tell
30. want
31. would not have told
32. had known
33. had done
34. were
35. had left