Value Added
Things the customer is willing to
pay for
Keuntungan VSM:
• VSM berguna karena VSM merupakan “peta” visual
dari setiap proses yang melibatkan aliran material dan
informasi satu rantai nilai produk.
12 wk
3,000 units
Spot weld
C/T = 30 sec
plating 3 shifts
Finished
2% scrap rate = 1 day goods
Process Vendor Data box Inventory
Mon
and
Wed
Weekly Schedule
Daily Daily
4
19
Value Stream Mapping Symbols
Note:
C/T = Cycle Time
C/O = Change over or setup time (Time to switch from one type of item to another)
Lot size = Batch
Avail = Available number of seconds per day = 7.5 hours = 7.5 x 60 x 60 = 27,000 seconds per day
Uptime = Percentage of uptime
Contoh 3 - Manufacturing Process Map
Contoh 4 - Value Stream Map for an industrial air-conditioning
installation service
Sales Operations
office planning Cash
Forecasts Invoice management
status
Job-tracking confirmations
Completion
confirmation
27,600 sec
= = 60 seconds
460 pieces
4.2. FLOW (Continuous Flow)
Batch and Push Processing
Continuous Flow
A B C
4.3. PULL (Konsep Supermarkets dalam VSM)
• Untuk mengganti stok, lean manufacturing menggunakan
konsep Supermarket kecil yang dikelola dengan baik serta
menyediakan sebuah “inventory buffer” yang kecil,
sehingga mudah diisi dan diambil bila diperlukan.
Supplying Customer
Process Process
New product Withdrawn product
Supermarket
Konsep Supermarket (Supermarket Pull System)
1) Customer process goes to supermarket - withdraws what it needs when it needs it.
2) Supplying process produces to replenish what was withdrawn.
Supplying Customer
Process Process
Supermarket
FLOW
Supermarket
FIFO FIFO
Supermarket FLOW
Build to Supermarket or to Shipping?
To Supermarket
To Shipping
Customer
Customer
Assembly
Shipping
Assembly Shipping
Supermarket
4.5. LOAD LEVEL PRODUCTION (HEIJUNKA)
C C B B AAA C C B B AAA
downtimes
Expected
Setup
Setup
Setup
Product A Product B Product C
EPEI
downtimes
Expected
Setup
Setup
Setup
Setup
Setup
Setup
Product A Product B Product C Product A Product B Product C
EPEI
downtimes
Expected
EPEI
4.6. PITCH (Pitch Batch Size)
“Sejumlah barang yang dilepas ke Pacemaker untuk dioperasikan
setiap Pitch cycle”.
• Faktor-factor yang dipertimbangkan dalam memilih “Pitch Batch Size” (yang
menentukan ‘Pitch time increment’)
• “Delivery unit" yang dikirim ke ‘end customer’. (e.g. pallet size, case size, the
waktu rata-rata dokter memeriksa pasien, dll).
• Dalam suatu mixed environment, ‘Pitch time increment’ sebaiknya tidak lebih
kecil dari waktu terpanjang (longest time) memproduksi satu "delivery unit"
dari tiap item pada product family.
• Batch size yang dikirim diantara proses-proses. (Inter-process transport
penting bila produk yang dikelola besar)
• Monitor kemajuan (progress) paling kurang 4 kali per shift — jadi Pitch
biasanya 2 jam atau kurang dari 2 jam.
• Yang terbaik adalah bila ‘Pitch’ digenapkan mendekati ‘increment Takt Time’.
Contoh 8 - Pitch Batch Size (produk manufaktur):
Jawab:
Jawab: