Run time (waktu standar) utk memproses satu unit mel. tiap
operasi
Lead time tiap operasi
1.4. Work Center Master File:
Nomor work center
Kapasitas
Efisiensi
Utilisasi
Waktu tunggu
Order quantity
Kuantitas diselesaikan
Kuantitas skrap
Due date
Prioritas
Informasi biaya
IV. 6 Fungsi Utama
Production Activity Control
Work order
tracking
Job Mesin
A B C D E
Job I 2 3 1 5 0
Job II 2 0 5 4 1
Job III 2 1 0 3 2
Job IV 5 0 2 3 1
Job V 0 3 1 2 2
Contoh 2 Assignment Method (Loading)
Sequencing Rule:
FCFS (First Come First Served)
• FCFS = {A, B, C, D, E}
Job Processing Flow Due date Lateness
time (days) Time (days)
A 6 6 8 0
B 2 8 6 2
C 8 16 18 0
D 3 19 15 4
E 9 28 23 5
28 77 11
FCFS Performances:
a. Ave. compl. time = Sum of tot. flow time/Number of jobs= 77/5 =15.4 days.
b. Utilization = Total proc. time/Sum of total flow time = 28/77 = 36.4%
c. Ave. number of jobs in the system = Sum of total flow time/Total proc. time = 77/28 = 2.75 jobs.
d. Ave. job lateness = Total late days/Number of jobs = 11/5 = 2.2 days.
2. SPT (Shortest Processing Time)
SPT = {B, D, A, C, E}
SPT Performances:
a. Ave. compl. time = Sum of tot. flow time/Number of jobs= 65/5 =13 days.
b. Utilization = Total proc. time/Sum of total flow time = 28/65 = 43.1%
c. Ave. number of jobs in the system = Sum of total flow time/Total proc. time = 65/28 = 2.32 jobs.
d. Ave job lateness = Total late days/Number of jobs = 9/5 = 1.8 days.
3. EDD (Earliest Due Date)
EDD = {B, A, D, C, E}
EDD Performances:
a. Ave. compl. Time = Sum of tot. flow time/Number of jobs= 68/5 =13.6 days.
b. Utilization = Total proc. time/Sum of total flow time = 28/68 = 41.2%
c. Ave. number of jobs in the system = Sum of total flow time/Total proc. time = 68/28 = 2.43 jobs.
d. Ave job lateness = Total late days/Number of jobs = 6/5 = 1.2 days.
4. LPT (Longest Processing Time)
LPT = {E, C, A, D, B}
LPT Performances:
a. Ave. compl. time = Sum of tot. flow time/Number of jobs= 103/5 =20.6 days.
b. Utilization = Total proc. time/Sum of total flow time = 28/103 = 27.2 %
c. Ave. number of jobs in the system = Sum of total flow time/Total proc. time = 103/28 = 3.68 jobs.
d. Ave job lateness = Total late days/Number of jobs = 48/5 = 9.6 days.
Summary FCFS, SPT, EDD, dan LPT:
Kesimpulan:
1. SPT adl yg terbaik utk meminimumkan job flow time dan ave. number of jobs in
system. Kelemahannya, pekerjaan yang berdurasi lama tdk diprioritaskan. Itu
mempengaruhi pertimbangan customers.
2. FCFS kurang bagus utk semua kriteria. Tapi menguntungkan dan adil di mata
customers yang merasa didahulukan jika lebih dulu datang.
3. EDD, meminimumkan max tardiness yg penting bila penalty tinggi. EDD bagus bila
lateness hal yang penting.
Guidelines Umum Scheduling
SPT paling bermanfaat untuk “shop” yang paling padat (highly congested).
Meminimumkan “mean flow time”, “mean number of jobs in the system
Metode SLACK berjalan baik untuk aktivitas normal, atau bila sistem tidak
“overly constrained”
DDATE baik untuk yang sedikit terlambat
Keterlambatan bisa terjadi, tapi terlambatnya tidak lama
LPT untuk subkontrak, dimana pekerjaan besar dan lama dikerjakan in-house
dan pekerjaan pendek keluar
FCFS untuk demand bagi “low capacity level” dan easy to apply
Tdk digunakan SPT utk pekerjaan rakitan. Gunakan DDATE.
Monitoring
Gantt Chart
Memperlihatkan rencana aktivitas dan
penyelesaiannya dalam skala waktu
Input/Output Control
Memonitor input dan output dari tiap work
center.
Gantt Chart
Key:
Job 32B Completed
Activity
3 Behind schedule
Planned
Job 23C Activity
Facility
2 Ahead of schedule
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 Days
Today’s Date
VI. Input/Output Control
Work
Input Output
Center
Note:
Planned work input ke WC tidak boleh lebih dari planned work output.
Bila input > output terjadi backlog pada WC, dan lead time meningkat
pada pekerjaan di hulu. Selanjutnya, bila pekerjaan menumpuk di WC,
macet, terjadi inefisiensi proses, dan flow of work ke WC di hilir jadi
sporadis (kacau).
Catatan:
• Output lebih kecil dr rencana – problem kapasitas di WC cukup serius.
• Input juga sama, problem kapasitas untuk mengisi WC.
• Proses kontrol harus mencari problem di hulu dan menyesuaikan
input dan kapasitas.
SOLUSI: Apakah menaikkan kapasitas di bottleneck, or kurangi inputnya.
Questions?
APICS Dictionary
Ilustrasi: Basic tools for Shop Floor Control