Direct and Indirect Speech / Reported Speech (Present Tense - Past Tense)

Reported speech atau indirect speech adalah dua hal yang sama yang mungkin kita kenal dalam
istilah Bahasa Indonesia sebagai kalimat tidak langsung. Reproted sendiri berasal dari kata report
yang berarti melaporkan atau menyampaikan. Dan itu sekaligus menjelaskan fungsi dari reported
speech itu sendiri yaitu untuk menyampaikan kembali kalimat yang diucapkan oleh seseorang.
Sebagai contoh misal Billy mengatakan "I like fried chicken for lunch." lalu beberapa saat
kemudian ada seseorang yang bertanya kepada kita apa yang Billy katakan? dan kita menjawab
Billy said he liked fried chicken for lunch. Maka itulah yang disebut dengan reported speech
atau kalimat tidak langsung.
Kita tidak mengubah kalimat atau makna dari apa yang telah orang lain katakan untuk disampaikan
kembali, kita hanya merubah beberapa kata saja yang memang hal tersebut telah diatur.
Pada saat kita ingin merubah kalimat langsung (reported speech) menjadi kalimat tidak langsung
ada beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan seperti:
1. Perubahan bentuk tenses.
2. Penggunaan Personal Pronoun.
3. Perubahan beberapa adverb (kata keterangan) tertentu.
Beberapa contoh perbuahan Adverb dalam reported speech adalah:
KALIMAT LANGSUNG - KALIMAT TIDAK LANGSUNG
Today - That day
Now - Then / at that moment
Tomorrow - The following day / the next day / a day later
Yesterday - The previous day / the day before
Last week - The week before / the previous week
Last month - The month before / the previous month
Last year - The year before / the previous year
Next week - The week later / the following week
Next month - The month later / the following month
Next year - The year later / the following year
Here - There
This – That
Direct and Indirect Speech / Reported Speech Simple Present Tense menjadi Simple Past
Tense
Apabila seseorang mengatakan sebuah kalimat dalam bentuk kalimat langsung menggunakan
Simple Present Tense maka kita harus mengubah kalimat tersebut ke dalam bentuk reported speech
dengan menggunakan Simple Past Tense.

Kalimat tidak langsung (Indirect speech) Simple Past Tense verbal

Rumus yang digunakan:
(+) SOMEONE SAID + SUBJECT + VERB 2 + OBJECT
(-) SOMEONE SAID + SUBJECT + DIDN'T + VERB 1 + OBJECT

Contoh kalimat:
Surya: "I practice tennis every Saturday afternoon with my dad."
Surya said He practiced tennis every Saturday afternoon with his dad.

Mrs. Lucy: "I water my flowers every morning."

Mrs. Lucy said she watered her flowers every morning.

Melly: "I usually sit here with Yadi.

Melly said she usually sat there with Yadi.

Lisa: "I don't bring my lunch box today."

Lisa said she didn't bring her lunch box that day.

Henry: "My uncle doesn't smoke any cigarette."

Henry said his uncle didn't smoke any cigarette.
Kalimat tidak langusng (Indirect speech) Simple Past Tense nominal
Rumus yang digunakan:
(+) SOMEONE SAID + SUBJECT + WAS / WERE + OBJECT
(-) SOMEONE SAID + SUBJECT + WASN'T / WEREN'T + OBJECT

Contoh Kalimat:
Intan and Murni: "We are at Nindy's house today."
Intan and Murni said they were at Nindy's house that day.

Dad: "Mr. Farid is kind to everyone in his neighborhood."

Dad said Mr. Farid was kind to everyone in his neighborhood.

Carl: "I am not ready to face Mr. Fernando alone."

Carl said he wasn't ready to face Mr. Fernando alone.

Becky: "The students are not in the classroom."

Becky said the students weren't in the classroom.
Perubahan Personal Pronoun: