DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................. i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................... ii
LEMBAR CATATAN KHUSUS.......................................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................. xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR.............................................................................................. xii
INTISARI ............................................................................................................... xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang ............................................................................. 1
1.2. Kapasitas Rancangan Pabrik ........................................................ 2
1.2.1 Kebutuhan di Indonesia........................................................ 2
1.2.2 Ketersediaan Bahan Baku.................................................... 4
1.2.3 Kapasitas Komersial Pabrik................................................. 5
1.3. Pemilihan Lokasi Pabrik............................................................... 5
1.3.1 Faktor Utama........................................................................ 5
1.3.2 Faktor Penunjang.................................................................. 8
1.4. Tinjauan Pustaka .......................................................................... 9
1.4.1 Macam-macam Proses.......................................................... 9
1.4.2 Kegunaan Dioctyl Therepthalate.......................................... 14
1.4.3 Sifat Fisik dan Kimia............................................................ 15
1.5. Tinjauan Secara Umum................................................................. 18
1.5.1 Tahap Persiapan................................................................... 18
1.5.2 Tahap Reaksi........................................................................ 19
1.5.3 Tahap Reparasi..................................................................... 20
1.5.3 Tahap Purifikasi................................................................... 21

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BAB II DESKRIPSI PROSES ......................................................................... 22
2.1. Spesifikasi Bahan Baku dan Produk ............................................ 22
2.2. Konsep Reaksi ............................................................................. 22
2.2.1 Dasar Reaksi......................................................................... 22
2.2.2 Kondisi Operasi.................................................................... 23
2.2.3 Tinjauan Termodinamika..................................................... 23
2.2.4 Menentukan Reaksi Reversible atau Irreversible................. 25
2.2.5 Tinjauan Kinetika................................................................. 27
2.3. Proses........................................................................................... 28
2.4. Diagram Alir Proses ..................................................................... 31
2.5. Diagram Alir Neraca Massa.......................................................... 31
2.6. Diagram Alir Neraca Panas........................................................... 37
2.6. Layout Pabrik................................................................................ 47

BAB III SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN.............................................................

3.1 Accumulator......................................................................................51
3.2 Accumulator 02.................................................................................52
3.3 Belt Conveyor 01...............................................................................53
3.4 Belt Conveyor 02...............................................................................54
3.5 Blower 01 ..........................................................................................55
3.6 Bucket Elevator 01 ...........................................................................56
3.7 Bucket Elevator 02 ...........................................................................57
3.8 Condenser 01.....................................................................................58
3.9 Condenser 02 ....................................................................................59
3.10 Condenser 03 ..................................................................................60
3.11 Cooler 01 ........................................................................................61
3.12 Cooler 02 ........................................................................................62
3.13 Cooler 03 ........................................................................................63
3.14 Cooler 04 ........................................................................................64

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3.15 Decanter 01 .....................................................................................65
3.16 Decanter 02 .....................................................................................66
3.17 Evaporator 01 ..................................................................................67
3.18 Filter Press 01 .................................................................................68
3.19 Heater 01 .........................................................................................69
3.20 Heater 02 .........................................................................................70
3.21 Heater 03 .........................................................................................71
3.22 Heater 04 .........................................................................................72
3.23 Heater 05 .........................................................................................73
3.24 Hooper 01 .......................................................................................74
3.25 Mixing Tank 01 ..............................................................................75
3.26 Mixing Tank 02 ..............................................................................76
3.27 Neutralizer Tank 01 ........................................................................77
3.28 Reaktor ............................................................................................78
3.29 Rotary Cooler ..................................................................................79
3.30 Rotary Dryer ...................................................................................80
3.31 Screw Conveyor ..............................................................................81
3.32 Silo ..................................................................................................82
3.33 Tangki .............................................................................................83
3.34 Tangki 02 ........................................................................................84
3.35 Tangki 03 ........................................................................................85
3.36 Tangki 04 ........................................................................................86
3.37 Tangki 05 ........................................................................................87
3.38 Vaporizer ........................................................................................88
3.39 Pompa 01 ........................................................................................89
3.40 Pompa 02 ........................................................................................90
3.41 Pompa 03 ........................................................................................91
3.42 Pompa 04 ........................................................................................92
3.43 Pompa 05 ........................................................................................93

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 3.44 Pompa 06 ........................................................................................94
3.45 Pompa 07 ........................................................................................95
3.46 Pompa 08 ........................................................................................96
3.47 Pompa 09 ........................................................................................97
3.48 Pompa 10 ........................................................................................98
3.49 Pompa 11 ........................................................................................99
3.50 Pompa 12 ........................................................................................100

BAB IV UTILITAS DAN LABORATORIUM................................................101

4.1. Utilitas .........................................................................................101
4.1.1 Unit Penyediaan dan Pengolahan Air................................... 101
4.2. Unit Penyediaan Steam................................................................. 110
4.2.1 Steam Pemanas..................................................................... 110
4.2.2 Total Kebutuhan Steam........................................................ 111
4.3 Unit Penyediaan Listirk ................................................................ 111
4.3.1 Listrik Untuk Peralatan........................................................ 111
4.3.2 Listrik Untuk Penerangan .................................................... 112
4.3.3 Total Kebutuhan Listrik....................................................... 113
4.4 Unit Pengadaan Bahan Bakar ....................................................... 114
4.4.1 Bahan Bakar Boiler ............................................................. 114
4.5 Laboratorium ................................................................................ 115
4.5.1 Program Kerja Laboratorium .............................................. 116
4.5.2 Alat-alat utama Laboratorium ............................................. 117
4.6 Pengendalian Mutu .......................................................................... 118
4.7 Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja................................................... 118

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BAB V MANAJEMEN PERUSAHAAN .......................................................120
5.1. Bentuk Perusahaan ....................................................................... 120
5.2. Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan ...................................................121
5.3. Tugas dan Wewenang ..................................................................123
5.3.1 Pemegang Saham ................................................................123
5.3.2 Dewan Komisaris ................................................................123
5.3.3 Dewan Direksi .....................................................................123
5.3.4 Direktur Teknik dan Produksi .............................................124
5.3.5 Direktur Pemasaran dan Keuangan .....................................125
5.3.6 Direktur Kepegawaian dan Umum .....................................126
5.4 Status Karyawan dan Sistem Penggajian .....................................128
5.5 Sistem Kerja .................................................................................128
5.5.1 Karyawan Reguler ..............................................................129
5.5.2 Karyawan Shift ...................................................................129
5.6 Penentuan Jumlah Karyawan .......................................................130
5.7 Penggolongan Jabatan ..................................................................133

BAB VI EVALUASI EKONOMI......................................................................135

6.1 Perhitungan Biaya ........................................................................... 135
6.1.1 Capital Invesment ..................................................................137
6.1.2 Manufacturing Cost ...............................................................135
6.2 Analisa Kelayakan ...........................................................................137
6.3 Penaksiran Harga Peralatan .............................................................139
6.4 Dasar Perhitungan ...........................................................................140
6.5 Hasil Perhitungan ............................................................................141
6.6 Perhitungan Analisa Kelayakan ......................................................144
6.7 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................145

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN A PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA
LAMPIRAN B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS
LAMPIRAN C PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI ALAT
LAMPIRAN D PERHITUNGAN UTILITAS
LAMPIRAN E PERHITUNGAN ANALISA EKONOMI

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 DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Kebutuhan Dioctyl Terephtalate pada tahun 2009-2021.................... 2
Tabel 1.2 Kapasitas Komersil Pabrik ................................................................. 5
Tabel 1.3 Perbandingan Proses Pembuatan DOTP............................................. 13
Tabel 4.1 Total Kebutuhan Bahan Penunjang di Unit Utilitas ........................... 101
Tabel 4.2 Kebutuhan Air Pendingin ................................................................... 102
Tabel 4.3 Kontrol Parameter pada Air Umpan Boiler ........................................ 104
Tabel 4.4 Total Kebutuhan Air ........................................................................... 107
Tabel 4.5 Kebutuhan Saturated Steam 160oC .................................................... 111
Tabel 4.6 Total Kebutuhan Steam ...................................................................... 111
Tabel 4.7 Kebutuhan Listrik Peralatan ............................................................... 111
Tabel 4.8 Total Kebutuhan Listrik ..................................................................... 114
Tabel 4.9 Total Kebutuhan Bahan Bakar ........................................................... 111
Tabel 5.1 Jam Kerja Karyawan Shift ................................................................. 129
Tabel 5.2 Jadwal Kerja Masing-masing Regu..................................................... 130
Tabel 5.3 Perincian Jumlah Karyawan ............................................................... 131
Tabel 5.4 Perincian Tingkat Pendidikan ............................................................ 133
Tabel 6.1 Phsycal Plant Cost (PPC)................................................................... 141
Tabel 6.2 Fixed Capital (FC) ............................................................................. 141
Tabel 6.3 Direct Manufacturing Cost (DMC)..................................................... 142
Tabel 6.4 Indirect Manufacturing Cost (IMC) ................................................... 142
Tabel 6.5 Fixed Manufacturing Cost (FMC)...................................................... 142
Tabel 6.6 Manufacturing Cost (MC) .................................................................. 143
Tabel 6.7 Working Capital (WC) ....................................................................... 143
Tabel 6.8 General Expenses (GE) ...................................................................... 143
Tabel 6.9 Total Product Cost (PC) ..................................................................... 143

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1. Grafik Kebutuhan Dioctyl Terephtalate di Indonesia ...................... 3

Gambar 1.2. Peta Lokasi Pabrik ........................................................................... 9
Gambar 2.1. Tata Letak Pabrik Pembuatan Dioctyl Terephthalate ...................... 48
Gambar 2.2. Gambar Tata Letak Pabrik Pembuatan Dioctyl Terephthalate ........ 50
Gambar 5.1 Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan ....................................................... 122
Gambar 4.2 Kebutuhan Air Pendingin ................................................................ 102
Gambar 4.3 Kebutuhan Air Pendingin ................................................................ 102
Gambar 6.1 Grafik Analisa Kelayakan Ekonomi.................................................
146

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