SEL MEMBRAN, EPITELIAL,

DAN ABSORPSI OBAT

NI LUH DEWI ARYANI

 PENDAHULUAN
SEL • NUKLEUS:
tempat DNA (informasi genetik)

• SITOPLASMA:
JARINGAN cairan aqueous, tempat terjadinya proses biokimia

• MEMBRAN SEL:
mengelilingi dan mencegah sitoplasma agar tidak
ORGAN bercampur dengan sekelilingnya

SEMIPERMEABEL

SEL EPITELIAL
•Mengelilingi jaringan & organ→”membran luar organ atau
jaringan”
•Bound organ
•Tempat proses transpor, sekresi dan barrier organ tertentu
 OBAT

MELINTASI JARINGAN & EPITELIAL

TEMPAT APLIKASI (ABSORPSI): INTERSELULAR
INTRASELULAR

SIRKULASI SISTEMIK /
SITOPLASMA SEL TERTENTU

TARGET ORGAN

STRUKTUR & FUNGSI

MEMBRAN SEL & JARINGAN EPITEL
 STRUKTUR & FUNGSI
MEMBRAN SEL
ANATOMI KOMPOSISI FUNGSI TEBAL
Selaput oKhondroitin H2SO4 oKomponen Utama ?
Membran oAsam Hialuronat Jaringan Konvektif
oElastin oKomponen

oAsam Sialat
Adsorpsi

Membran oProtein oLapisan hidrofilik o25 A

Sel oTrigliserida oLapisan lipofilik o35 A
Kholesterol Lesitin (barrier bimolecular)
(fosfolipida )
oProtein oLapisan Hidrofilik o25 A
 MEMBRAN BIOLOGIK :

➢ PERMUKAAN MEMBRAN SEL YANG

BERPERAN SEBAGAI “ BARRIER ”
ANTARA UNIT MORFOLOGIK DENGAN
UNIT FUNGSIONAL DI DALAM SEL
 MODEL STRUKTUR MEMBRAN

Langmuir Troughs
Model Bilayer
Model Davson-Danielli
Model Singer-Nicolson
Glikoprotein disekresi oleh sel = “dinding sel”
Model Fluid Mosaic
Extra-cellular Matrix
Pada sel hewan
 Langmuir Troughs
Gorter and Grendel→1925
Model Bilayer
Model Davson-Danielli
Model Singer-Nicolson
Model Fluid Mosaic
Extra-cellular Matrix
 Model Fluid Mosaic

1.Lipids
t.u phospholipids & cholesterol
→lipid fluidity - viscous vs. fluid

2.Proteins
a) Integral (intrinsic) proteins
- denatured upon release
b) Peripheral (extrinsic)
- easily extractable
 Struktur Fosfolipid

POLAR HEAD: NONPOLAR HEAD:

-CHOLINE (PC) 12-24 ATOM KARBON
SIFAT AMPIFILIK -SERINE (PS)
-ETHANOLAMINE (PE)
-INOSITOL (PI)
 KOLESTEROL:
MENSTABILKAN MEMBRAN
SIFAT DINAMIKA MEMBRAN:
lipid fluidity - viscous vs. fluid

FAKTOR:
TEMPERATUR TRANSISI

RANTAI HIDROKARBON
ASAM LEMAK DI
FOSFOLIPID
-TIDAK JENUH (LOW)
- JENUH (HIGH)
 MISEL & LIPOSOM:
Bentuk Lain dari konfigurasi Lipid
STRUKTUR FOSFOLIPID →MISEL DAN LIPOSOM
MISEL → TERBENTUK BILA RASIO JUMLAH LIPID RELATIF LEBIH
SEDIKIT DIBANDING AIR
 Asymmetry of Lipid Bilayer
➢ Outside:
⚫ more
phosphatidylcholine
(red)
➢ Inside:
⚫ more
phosphatidylserine
(green)
➢ Glycolipids:
⚫ only on outside face
(blue)
 MEMBRAN PROTEIN
➢ INTEGRAL PROTEIN→BERTANGGUNGJAWAB TERHADAP
PERPINDAHAN MOLEKUL DARI DAN KELUAR SEL
➢ PERIPHERAL PROTEIN

➢ CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR: HISTAMIN RESEPTOR,

PROSTAGLANDIN,DSB

➢ GLYCOPROTEIN→INTEGRAL PROTEIN CARRYING

POLYSACCHARIDES →RESPONSIBLE FOR IMUNOLOGICAL
BEHAVIOUR

➢ GLYCOCALYX→GLYCOLIPID ANCHOR→ FIBRONECTIN

(PERIPHERAL PROTEIN)→CONTAIN EXTRACELULUAR PROTEIN
SUCH AS COLLAGEN, POLYSACCHARIDA→ INTERSELUAR
BINDING & TISSUE FORMATION
 Association of Proteins with the Cell
Membrane
PROTEIN may be linked to the membrane by a glycolipid or
phospholipid anchor.
 EPITHELIA
➢ epithelium is a tissue composed of a layer of cells.
Epithelium can be found lining internal (e.g. endothelium,
which lines the inside of blood vessels) or external (e.g.
skin, cornea) free surfaces of the body.
➢ The outermost layer of our skin is composed of dead
squamous epithelial cells, as are the mucous
membranes lining the inside of mouths and body
cavities. Other epithelial cells line the insides of the
lungs, the gastrointestinal tract, the reproductive and
urinary tracts, and make up the exocrine and endocrine
glands.
➢ Functions of epithelial cells include secretion, absorption
and protection. Epithelial cells sit on a basal lamina
(formerly called a basement membrane).
 Classification
Epithelial cells are classified by the following three factors:
➢ Shape
⚫ Squamous
⚫ Cuboidal
⚫ Columnar

➢ Stratification (number of layers)

⚫ Simple:
⚫ Stratified:
⚫ Pseudostratified:
⚫ Transitional:

➢ Specialization
⚫ Keratinization / Cornification:
⚫ Ciliated:
⚫ Brush border / Microvilli:
⚫ Stereocilia:
 Examples
➢ Simple squamous:
⚫ Found in blood vessels & lymph channels (called endothelium) and
body cavities (called mesothelium)
➢ Keratinized stratified squamous:
⚫ Found in human skin (specifically, the dead superficial layer)
➢ Stratified squamous:
⚫ Found in human oesophagus
➢ Simple cuboidal:
⚫ Found in thyroid follicles
➢ Stratified cuboidal:
⚫ Exclusively found in sweat gland ducts
➢ Ciliated simple columnar:
⚫ Found in intestine and kidney (specifically, distal convoluted tubule)
➢ Stratified columnar:
⚫ Ducts of submandibular glands
➢ Transitional:
⚫ Specialized to distend (stretch) as the urinary bladder fills
 CELL JUNCTIONS
➢ EPITHELIAL CELL ARE BONDED BY CELL JUNCTIONS
(PREVENT DIFFUSION OF SOLUT AROUND THE CELL):
⚫ TIGHT JUNCTIONS

• MAINTAINING THE SELECTIVE BARRIER FUNCTION OF

CELL SHEET
• IMPERMEARBLE TO COLLOIDAL PARTICLE, SMALL
PARTICLE, AND ION, AND POSSIBLY EVEN TO WATER
⚫ GAP JUNCTIONS
• MOLECULES UP TO 1200 DALTONS CAN PASS FREELY
THROUGH GAPS, BUT MACROMOLECULES CANNOT
⚫ DESMOSOMES
• SMALL STRUCTURE WHICH BOND ADJACENT CELL
TOGETHER → spot, bel, and hemidesmosomes
 MEKANISME TRANSPORT
MEKANISME KARAKTERISTIK CONTOH

Difusi pasif pKa, P, pH, perbedaan Asam-basa

konsentrasi, , luas lemah,
area dan ketebalan nonelektrolit
membran, D
Absorpsi d. pori~ 7Ǻ, Elektrolit BM
konvektif (pori) perpindahan pelarut, < 150-400,
perbedaan tekanan ion muatan
hidrostatik, luas berlawanan
permukaan, tebal dgn sal. pori
membran, jumlah pori,
viskositas, muatan
listrik
 MEKANISME ABSORPSI
MEKANISME KARAKTERISTIK CONTOH
Transport Aktif Pembawa, melawan Na, K, I-,
perbedaan kons, Fe2+,
kejenuhan, spesifik, Ca2+,monosa
competitive inh., karida, asam
amino,
poisoning of carrier
testosteron,
estradiol
Difusi Pembawa, Vitamin B12
Terfasilitasi kejenuhan, spesifik,
competitive inh.,
poisoning of carrier,
dgn perbedaan
kons.
 MEKANISME TRANSPORT
MEKANISME KARAKTERISTIK CONTOH

Transport Pencaplokan Fat, Vit A,D,

visikular : molekul obat E. K
Pinositosis
Pasangan Ion Komplek bag. Anion Amm.
organik dgn kation Kuartener,
membran asam sulfonat
 MUCUS
CELL EPITHELIAL→ DIFFERENT TYPE & FUNCTION

MUCOSAL CELL → SECRETES MUCUS → MUCUSAL EPHITHELIUM OR SIMPLE MUCOSA

FUNCTIONS OF MUCUS: Component ?

- Restricted the penetration of large molecules
- Prevent the tissue from dehydrating
- Keep surface clean by its continuous removal
- Lubricates the passage material

MUCUS: 95%WATER→ INTIMATES CONTACT WITH HIDROPHILIC

SURFACE.
Small particle < 600 um→ buried in the surface & held securely since
the stickness of the mucus →mucus secreted particle→ move away
Small particle pass/ diffuse through mucus easly, large molecules more
slowy

MUCOADHESIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS