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Informasi
Seperti halnya reaksi kimia biasa, persamaan reaksi redoks harus disetarakan. Ada
3 hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam menyetarakan reaksi redoks, yaitu:
a. Jumlah atom di ruas kiri = jumlah atom di ruas kanan
b. Jumlah muatan atom di ruas kiri = jumlah muatan atom di ruas kanan
c. Sebagian besar reaksi redoks berlangsung dalam bentuk larutan dan pada
suasana asam atau basa sehingga ion H+ dan OH- serta molekul H2O yang
terlibat dalam reaksi, diikutsertakan dalam penulisan sebagai pereaksi dan hasil
reaksi
Ada dua cara menyetarakan reaksi redoks, yaitu metode bilangan oksidasi dan metode
setengah-reaksi (ion elektron)
Mengingat Kembali
1. Apa yang kalian ketahui mengenai reaksi redoks?
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c. Setarakan jumlah perubahan bilangan oksidasi untuk reaksi oksidasi dan
reduksi, dengan cara menambahkan koefisien!
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e. Setarakan jumlah muatan dengan menambahkan!
• Ion H+ jika reaksi dalam suasana asam
• Ion OH- jika ewaksi dalam suasana basa
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PENYETARAKAN REAKSI REDOKS MELALUI REAKSI-SETENGAH
Wacana
Perhatikan reaksi pembentukan kalsium oksida (CaO) dari kalsium dan oksigen
dibawah ini:
2Ca (s) + O2 (g) 2CaO (s)
Kalsium Oksida adalah senyawa ionik yang tersusun atas ion Ca2+ dan O2-. Dalam
reaksi pertama, dua atom Ca memberikan atau memindahkab empat elektron kepada
dua atom O (dalam atom O2)
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2. Pada dua reaksi nomor 1 sebutkan mana reaksi yang berperan sebagai oksidasi
atau reduksi
Oksidasi: .......................................................................................................
Reduksi: ........................................................................................................
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4. Jumlahkan lah kedua reaksi setengah yang telah kalian buat!
Oksidasi: ...........................................................................................
Reduksi: ...........................................................................................
Keseluruhan: ...........................................................................................
5. Tahapan reaksi pada soal nomor 4 disebut reaksi keseluruhan. Jelaskan yang di
maksud dengan reaksi keseluruhan yang dapat kamu ketahui dari soal nomor 4?
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a. Dalam larutan asam
Reaksi dibawah ini digunakan untuk menentukan konsentrasi ion sulfit dalam air
limbah dari pabrik kertas. Tuliskan persamaan yang setara untuk reaksi redoks
pada larutan asam ini.
SO32– (aq) + MnO4– (aq) SO42– (aq) + Mn 2+ (aq)
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Keseluruhan: ...........................................................................................
e. Sederhanakanlah reaksi keseluruhan, tidak boleh mengandung spesi yang sama
di kedua sisi.
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Keseluruhan: ...........................................................................................
5. Tambahkan sejumlah ion OH – yang sama dengan jumlah ion H+ pada kedua sisi
reaksi keseluruhan
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6. Sisi pada reaksi keseluruhan yang mengandung ion H+ dan ion OH– digabungkan
menjadi bentuk H2O. Jika molekul H2O sekarang muncul di kedua sisi,
hilangkan sejumlah yang sama dari setiap sisi (menyederhanakan H2O) dan
menyisakan H2O hanya di satu sisi.
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LATIHAN
1. Setimbangkan persamaan reaksi dalam larutan basa berikut ini!
Cr2O72+ + H2S Cr3+ + S
2. Buat setimbang reaksi oksidasi ion plumbit, Pb(OH)3 – menjadi plumbum
dioksida dengan oksidator ion hipoklorit dalam suasana basa berikut ini:
3. Pb(OH)3 – + OCl – PbO2 + Cl –