LAPORAN
KEUANGAN
ANALISIS Laporan Keuangan
Urgensi analisis laporan keuangan
SLIDE 2
BENTUK Analisis Laporan Keuangan
Cross Section
Horisontal / Analysis
Time-series Analysis) (comparison with
Industry)
SLIDE 3
01 LAPORAN KEUANGAN
SLIDE 4
LAPORAN Keuangan
keuangan
SLIDE 5
LAPORAN Keuangan
Aset
Pendapatan Kontribusi
Pemilik
Liabilitas
SLIDE 6
LAPORAN Keuangan
• PSAKNo.1 menyatakan bahwa laporan keuangan yang
SLIDE 7
LAPORAN Posisi Keuangan
SLIDE 8
LAPORAN Posisi Keuangan
Contoh Laporan Neraca
SLIDE 9
LAPORAN Laba Rugi
tertentu.
SLIDE 10
LAPORAN Laba Rugi
1. Revenue
2. Expense
3. Gain
4. Loss
SLIDE 11
1. Sales or Revenue
LAPORAN Laba Rugi 2. Cost of Goods Sold
Gross Profit
3. Selling Expenses
Format Standar Laporan 4. Administrative or General Expenses
Laba Rugi 5. Other Income and Expense
Income from Operations
6. Financing costs
Income before Income Tax
7. Income Tax
Income from Continuing Operations
8. Discontinued Operations
Net Income
9. Non-Controlling Interest
10. Earnings Per Share
SLIDE 12
LAPORAN Laba Rugi
SLIDE 13
LAPORAN Laba Rugi Komprehensif
SLIDE 14
LAPORAN Laba Rugi Komprehensif
SLIDE 15
LAPORAN Perubahan Ekuitas
5. Retained Earnings
20%
6. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 20%
SLIDE 16
LAPORAN Perubahan Ekuitas
SLIDE 17
LAPORAN Perubahan Ekuitas
SLIDE 18
LAPORAN Arus Kas
▪ Menggambarkan perubahan historis dalam kas
Investing 2. Investasi
Activities
3. Pembiayaan / Pendanaan
Financing
Activities
SLIDE 19
LAPORAN Arus Kas
Provides information to help assess:
1. Entity’s ability to generate future cash flows.
Operating 2. Entity’s ability to pay dividends and meet
Activities obligations.
Investing
Activities 3. Reasons for the difference between net income
and net cash flow from operating activities.
Financing 4. Cash and non-cash investing and financing
Activities transactions during the period.
SLIDE 20
LAPORAN Arus Kas
SLIDE 21
LAPORAN Arus Kas
▪ Laporan Arus Kas dari Aktivitas Operasi dapat
disusun melalui dua metode yang berbeda
SLIDE 22
LAPORAN Arus Kas
ARLINGTON LAWN CARE
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended December 31, 2006
($ in thousands) Direct
Cash flows from Operating Activities
Cash received from customers $ 78 Method
Cash paid for administrative expenses (25)
Net cash flows from operating activities $ 53
SLIDE 24
LAPORAN Arus Kas
SLIDE 25
LAPORAN Arus Kas
SLIDE 26
CATATAN Atas Laporan Keuangan
dalam menafsirkannya.
SLIDE 27
CATATAN Atas Laporan Keuangan
SLIDE 28
CATATAN Atas Laporan Keuangan
SLIDE 29
COMMON SIZE
02 FINANCIAL STATEMENT
SLIDE 30
ANALISIS Common Size
SLIDE 31
ANALISIS Common Size
SLIDE 32
ANALISIS Common Size
SLIDE 33
ANALISIS Common Size
SLIDE 34
ANALISIS Common Size
SLIDE 35
ANALISIS Common Size
SLIDE 36
FINANCIAL RATIO
03 ANALYSIS
SLIDE 37
ANALISIS Rasio Keuangan
1) Liquidity Ratio
4) Profitability Ratio
SLIDE 38
ANALISIS Rasio Keuangan
▪ Shannon Pratt (2005) mengklasifikasikan secara berbeda
▪ Terdiri dari:
2) Activity Ratio
3) Risk Analysis
SLIDE 39
A
LIQUIDITY RATIO
SLIDE 40
LIQUIDITY Ratio
SLIDE 41
LIQUIDITY Ratio
1) Current Ratio
SLIDE 42
LIQUIDITY Ratio
1) Likudititas Piutang
2) Likudititas Persediaan
✓ Inventory Turnover
SLIDE 43
LIQUIDITY Ratio
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
SLIDE 44
LIQUIDITY Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 Receivable $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = Inventories $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
Current Assets $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Ter m $
60
0
Land $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Income Statement
PT. Jurangmangu Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
Sales $ 1,450 Acc. Depreciation $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
COGS $ 875 Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
Gross Profit $ 575 Total Assets $ 2,530 TotalTotal
Liabilities
Equityand Equity $$2,530
1,700
SLIDE 45
LIQUIDITY Ratio
SLIDE 46
LIQUIDITY Ratio
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 − 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 − 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑑 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒
𝑄𝑢𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑 − 𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
Income Statement
PT. Jurangmangu
Sales $ 1,450
COGS $ 875
Gross Profit $ 575
SLIDE 47
LIQUIDITY Ratio
SLIDE 48
LIQUIDITY Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = Receivable $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 Inventories $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
Current Assets $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Land $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
Income Statement Share Premium
Acc. Depreciation $ (600) $ 600
PT. Jurangmangu
Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
Sales $ 1,450
CO GS $ 875 Total Equity $ 1,700
Gross Profit $ 575 Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
SLIDE 49
LIQUIDITY Ratio
365
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 =
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 =
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 ÷ 365
SLIDE 50
LIQUIDITY Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
365 Receivable $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 =
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
Inventories $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
Current Assets $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Land $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
Income Statement
Acc. Depreciation $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
PT. Jurangmangu
Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
Sales $ 1,450
CO GS $ 875 Total Equity $ 1,700
Gross Profit $ 575 Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
SLIDE 51
LIQUIDITY Ratio
𝐶𝑂𝐺𝑆
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 =
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦
SLIDE 52
LIQUIDITY Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
𝐶𝑂𝐺𝑆 Receivabl $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 =
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 e
Inventories $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
Current Assets $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Land $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Income Statement Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
PT. Jurangmangu
Acc. Depreciation $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
Sales $ 1,450
Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
CO GS $ 875
Total Equity $ 1,700
Gross Profit $ 575
Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
Operating Expense $ 200
Depreciation $ 45
Total Expense $ 245
$875
Other Revenue and Income - Inventory Turnover = $625
= 1.4 times
Net Operating Income $ 330
Interest Expense $ 60
Income Before Tax $ 270
Income Tax (40%) $ 108
Net Income $ 162
SLIDE 53
LIQUIDITY Ratio
365
𝐷𝑎𝑦 ′ 𝑠 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 =
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
SLIDE 54
LIQUIDITY Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
365 Receivable $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝐷𝑎𝑦 ′ 𝑠 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 =
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 Inventories $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
Current Assets $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Land $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
Income Statement
Acc. Depreciation $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
PT. Jurangmangu
Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
Sales $ 1,450
CO GS $ 875 Total Equity $ 1,700
Gross Profit $ 575 Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
SLIDE 55
B
CAPITAL
STRUCTURE RATIO
SLIDE 56
CAPITAL Structure Ratio
SLIDE 57
CAPITAL Structure Ratio
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑡
𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
SLIDE 58
CAPITAL Structure Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑡 Receivable $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = Inventories $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 Current Assets $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Land $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
Income Statement Acc. Depreciation Share Premium
$ (600) $ 600
PT. Jurangmangu
Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
Sales $ 1,450
CO GS $ 875 Total Equity $ 1,700
Gross Profit $ 575 Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
SLIDE 59
CAPITAL Structure Ratio
SLIDE 60
CAPITAL Structure Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
Receivable $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 (𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑇)
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑 = Inventories $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒
Current Assets $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Land $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
Income Statement
Acc. Depreciation $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
PT. Jurangmangu
Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
Sales $ 1,450
COGS $ 875 Total Equity $ 1,700
Gross Profit $ 575 Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
SLIDE 61
C
ASSET
MANAGEMENT
EFFICIENCY RATIO
SLIDE 62
ASSET Management Efficiency Ratio
menghasilkan pendapatan?”
SLIDE 63
ASSET Management Efficiency Ratio
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 =
𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡
pendapatan?”
SLIDE 64
ASSET Management Efficiency Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 Receivabl $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = e
𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
Inventories $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Current Assets
Income Statement Land $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
PT. Jurangmangu Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
Sales $ 1,450 Acc. Depreciation $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
CO GS $ 875 Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
Gross Profit $ 575 Total Equity $ 1,700
Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
Operating Expense $ 200
Depreciation $ 45
Total Expense $ 245
Other Revenue and Income -
Net Operating Income $ 330 1,450
Interest Expense $ 60
𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = = 1.12 times
1,300
Income Before Tax $ 270
Income Tax (40%) $ 108
Net Income $ 162
SLIDE 65
ASSET Management Efficiency Ratio
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡
SLIDE 66
ASSET Management Efficiency Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 Receivabl $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = e
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
Inventories $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Current Assets $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Income Statement Land $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
PT. Jurangmangu Plant and Equipment $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
Sales $ 1,450 Acc. Depreciation $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
CO GS $ 875 Fixed Assets $ 1,700
Total Equity
Gross Profit $ 575
Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
Operating Expense $ 200
Depreciation $ 45
Total Expense $ 245
Other Revenue and Income -
Net Operating Income $ 330 1,450
Interest Expense $ 60
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = = 0.57 times
2,530
Income Before Tax $ 270
Income Tax (40%) $ 108
Net Income $ 162
SLIDE 67
D
PROFITABILITY
RATIO
SLIDE 68
PROFITABILITY Ratio
▪ Menjawab pertanyaan: “Apakah perusahaan dapat menghasilkan
menghasilkan penjualan?
SLIDE 69
PROFITABILITY Ratio
SLIDE 70
PROFITABILITY Ratio
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 =
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
penjualannya
▪ Rasio yang lebih tinggi berarti profitabilitas yang lebih besar dan
manajemen perusahaan
SLIDE 71
PROFITABILITY Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 Receivable $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 =
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 Inventories $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
Current Assets $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Land $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Income Statement Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
PT. Jurangmangu Acc. Depreciation $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
Sales $ 1,450 Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
COGS $ 875
Total Equity $ 1,700
Gross Profit $ 575
Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
Operating Expense $ 200
Depreciation $ 45
Total Expense $ 245
Other Revenue and Income -
Net Operating Income $ 330 575
Interest Expense $ 60
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = = 39.66%
1,450
Income Before Tax $ 270
Income Tax (40%) $ 108
Net Income $ 162
SLIDE 72
PROFITABILITY Ratio
▪ Rasio yang tinggi berarti profitabilitas yang lebih besar dan kontrol
yang lebih baik atas biaya pokok penjualan dan biaya operasional
SLIDE 73
PROFITABILITY Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑢 𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑇 Receivable $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 =
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 Inventories $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
Current Assets $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Land $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Income Statement Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
PT. Jurangmangu Acc. Depreciation $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
Sales $ 1,450 Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
COGS $ 875
Total Equity $ 1,700
Gross Profit $ 575
Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
Operating Expense $ 200
Depreciation $ 45
Total Expense $ 245
Other Revenue and Income -
Net Operating Income $ 330 330
Interest Expense $ 60 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = = 22.80%
1,450
Income Before Tax $ 270
Income Tax (40%) $ 108
Net Income $ 162
SLIDE 74
PROFITABILITY Ratio
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 =
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
▪ Rasio yang lebih tinggi berarti profitabilitas yang lebih besar dan
SLIDE 75
PROFITABILITY Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 Receivable $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 =
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 Inventories $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
Current Assets $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Land $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Income Statement Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
PT. Jurangmangu Acc. Depreciation $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
Sales $ 1,450 Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
COGS $ 875
Total Equity $ 1,700
Gross Profit $ 575
Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
Operating Expense $ 200
Depreciation $ 45
Total Expense $ 245
Other Revenue and Income -
Net Operating Income $ 330 162
Interest Expense $ 60 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = = 11.20%
1,450
Income Before Tax $ 270
Income Tax (40%) $ 108
Net Income $ 162
SLIDE 76
PROFITABILITY Ratio
SLIDE 77
PROFITABILITY Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑢 𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑇 Receivabl $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 e $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
Inventories $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Current Assets $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Income Statement Land $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
PT. Jurangmangu Plant and Equipment $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
Sales $ 1,450 Acc. Depreciation $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
COGS $ 875 Fixed Assets Total Equity $ 1,700
Gross Profit $ 575
Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
Operating Expense $ 200
Depreciation $ 45
Total Expense $ 245
Other Revenue and Income -
Net Operating Income $ 330 330
Interest Expense $ 60 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 = = 13.04%
2,530
Income Before Tax $ 270
Income Tax (40%) $ 108
Net Income $ 162
SLIDE 78
PROFITABILITY Ratio
SLIDE 79
PROFITABILITY Ratio
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
▪ Common Equity dalam rasio ini mencakup saham biasa (par value
SLIDE 80
PROFITABILITY Ratio Statement of Financial Position
PT. Jurangmangu
Cash $ 175 Account Payable $ 130
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 = Receivabl $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 e $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
Inventories $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
Current Assets $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Income Statement Land
PT. Jurangmangu Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
Sales $ 1,450 Acc. Depreciation $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
COGS $ 875 Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
Gross Profit $ 575 Total Equity $ 1,700
Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
Operating Expense $ 200
Depreciation $ 45
Total Expense $ 245
Other Revenue and Income -
Net Operating Income $ 330 162
Interest Expense $ 60 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = 9.53%
1,700
Income Before Tax $ 270
Income Tax (40%) $ 108
Net Income $ 162
SLIDE 81
PROFITABILITY Ratio 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 apakah net income atau net operating
𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 = income?
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
SLIDE 84
MARKET Value Ratio
1) Price-Earning Ratio
2) Market-to-Book Ratio
SLIDE 85
MARKET Value Ratio
𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 ∗
sahamnya
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
∗) 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
SLIDE 86
MARKET Value Ratio
𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒
2011 $$
2012 $$$$$
▪ Rasio PER-nya yang lebih tinggi menunjukan bahwa pasar
2013 $$$
bersedia membayar lebih terhadap pendapatan atau laba
2014 $$$$$
suatu perusahaan, serta memiliki harapan yang tinggi
2015 $$$$
terhadap masa depan perusahaan tersebut sehingga
2015 $$$$$$
bersedia untuk menghargainya dengan harga yang lebih
tinggi
SLIDE 87
Statement of Financial Position
MARKET Value Ratio Cash
PT. Jurangmangu
$ 175 Account Payable $ 130
Receivable $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
Inventories $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
▪ Diketahui harga pasar saham per lembar = $20
Current Assets $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
▪ Rata-rata jumlah saham yang beredar = 100 Land $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
Acc. Depreciation $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
Income Statement Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
PT. Jurangmangu
Total Equity $ 1,700
Sales $ 1,450
COGS $ 875 Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
Gross Profit $ 575
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
Operating Expense $ 200 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 =
Depreciation $ 45 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
Total Expense $ 245
Other Revenue and Income - 162
Net Operating Income $ 330 = = $1.62
100
Interest Expense $ 60
Income Before Tax $ 270
Income Tax (40%) $ 108 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 20
Net Income $ 162 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = = = 12.35
𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 1.62
SLIDE 88
MARKET Value Ratio
𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒
2011 $$
▪ Menunjukkan perbandingan antara nilai pasar saham
2012 $$$$$
perusahaan dengan nilai buku (akuntansi) nya.
2013 $$$
▪ Rasio yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan bahwa investor
2014 $$$$$
menempatkan nilai rupiah yang lebih tinggi pada masing-
2015 $$$$
masing rupiah dari investasinya di perusahaan
2015 $$$$$$
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
SLIDE 89
MARKET Value Ratio
𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒
2011 $$
2012 $$$$$
▪ Menunjukkan penilaian saham perusahaan relatif terhadap
2013 $$$
investasi yang dilakukan oleh pemegang saham di perusahaan.
2014 $$$$$
▪ Rasio yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan bahwa investor
2015 $$$$
menempatkan nilai rupiah yang lebih tinggi pada masing-
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
SLIDE 90
Statement of Financial Position
MARKET Value Ratio Cash
PT. Jurangmangu
$ 175 Account Payable $ 130
Receivabl $ 430 Short Term Notes $ 100
e $ 625 Current Liabilities $ 230
▪ Diketahui harga pasar saham per lembar = $20
Inventories $ 1,230 Bond Payable (Long Term $ 600
▪ Rata-rata jumlah saham yang beredar = 100 Current Assets $ 1,000 Total Liabilities $ 830
Land
Plant and Equipment $ 900 Ordinary Shares $ 300
Income Statement Acc. Depreciation $ (600) Share Premium $ 600
PT. Jurangmangu Fixed Assets $ 1,300 Retained Earning $ 800
Sales $ 1,450 Total Equity $ 1,700
COGS $ 875
Total Assets $ 2,530 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 2,530
Gross Profit $ 575
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
Operating Expense $ 200 𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 =
Depreciation $ 45 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
Total Expense $ 245
Other Revenue and Income - $1,700
Net Operating Income $ 330 = = $17
100
Interest Expense $ 60
Income Before Tax $ 270
Income Tax (40%) $ 108 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 $20
Net Income $ 162 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = = = 1.18
𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 17
SLIDE 91
FINANCIAL RATIO
04 ACCORDING TO
PRATT (2005)
SLIDE 92
ANALISIS Rasio Keuangan
▪ Shannon Pratt (2005) mengklasifikasikan secara berbeda
▪ Terdiri dari:
2) Activity Ratio
3) Risk Analysis
SLIDE 93
A
SHORT TERM
LIQUIDITY
MEASURES
* menurut Pratt (2005)
SLIDE 94
SHORT Term Liquidity Measures
rasio seperti:
1) Current Ratio
SLIDE 95
SHORT Term Liquidity Measures
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
SLIDE 96
B
ACTIVITY RATIO
SLIDE 97
ACTIVITY Ratio
menggunakan asetnya
2) Inventory Turnover
SLIDE 98
ACTIVITY Ratio
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 =
[𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 ] ÷ 2
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 =
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 =
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
▪ Penyebut bisa berupa rata-rata nilai piutang, bisa juga saldo akhir
akhir piutang tahun ini ditambah saldo akhir piutang tahun lalu,
SLIDE 100
ACTIVITY Ratio 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 =
𝐶𝑂𝐺𝑆
[𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 ] ÷ 2
𝐶𝑂𝐺𝑆
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 =
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦
SLIDE 101
ACTIVITY Ratio
Sales
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 =
Current assets − Current liabilities
Sales
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 =
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 ÷ 2
▪ Rasio penjualan yang tinggi terhadap modal kerja bersih dihasilkan dari perputaran
SLIDE 102
ACTIVITY Ratio 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 =
Sales
𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡
Sales
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 =
𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝐹𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 ÷ 2
Sales
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡
Sales
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 ÷ 2
dengan modal kerja bersih minimal. Ukuran yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan
SLIDE 103
C
RISK ANALYSIS
SLIDE 104
RISK Analysis
kelas tersebut
SLIDE 105
RISK Analysis
langsung
SLIDE 106
RISK Analysis
▪ Mengukur risiko aliran pendapatan yang diterima oleh penyedia
di perusahaan tersebut
SLIDE 107
BUSINESS Risk
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑘 (coefficient of variation of earnings) =
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
▪ Dapat diukur dengan membagi standar deviasi dari nilai net income
SLIDE 108
BUSINESS Risk
% 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑘 (degree of operating leverage) =
% 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
struktur dimana biaya tetap (fixed cost) besar (dominan) dari total cost
income.
SLIDE 110
FINANCIAL Risk
▪ Pada saat profit tinggi, terdapat jumlah yang banyak tersisa
saham.
SLIDE 111
FINANCIAL Risk
% 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠 (𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒)
𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 =
% 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑇
financial leverage
BALANCE SHEET
LEVERAGE RATIO
SLIDE 113
BALANCE Sheet Leverage Ratio
▪ Tujuan umum analisis struktur modal atau balance sheet
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡
SLIDE 115
EQUITY to Total Asset
▪ Equity to Total Asset, atau disebut juga Equity Ratio, dihitung
asetnya.
perusahaan
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡
SLIDE 116
LONG-TERM Debt to Total Capital
SLIDE 117 *) jika ada utang berbunga pada current liabilities, maka harus dikeluarkan dulu
EQUITY to Total Capital
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
Equity to Total Capital =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 − 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 ∗
SLIDE 118 *) jika ada utang berbunga pada current liabilities, maka harus dikeluarkan dulu
FIXED ASSET to Equity
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
Debt to Equity =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
Debt to Equity =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 − 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡
SLIDE 120 *) RMA Annual Statement Studies menggunakan pendekatan dengan mengeluarkan intangible asset
E
INCOME
STATEMENT
COVERAGE RATIO
* menurut Pratt (2005)
SLIDE 121
INCOME Statement Coverage Ratio
SLIDE 122
TIMES Interest Earned
𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑇
Times Interest Earned =
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒
𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑇𝐷𝐴
Times Interest Earned =
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒
SLIDE 123
EBITDA = Earning Interest before Interest, Tax, Depreciation/Amortozation
COVERAGE of Fixed Charge
𝐸𝐵𝐼𝑇 + 𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑃𝑎𝑦𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
Cover𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 =
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 + 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑡 + 𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑦𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
SLIDE 124
F
INCOME
STATEMENT
PROFITABILITY
RATIO
* menurut Pratt (2005)
SLIDE 125
INCOME Statement Profitability Ratio
SLIDE 126
G
RETURN ON
INVESTMENT RATIO
SLIDE 127
RETURN on Investment Ratio
SLIDE 128
RETURN on Equity
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
(𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑡 + 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑡−1)
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
2
SLIDE 129
RETURN on Equity
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
= 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 x 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
x
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
SLIDE 130
RETURN on Investment
investasi pada pemilik (penyedia kapital berupa saham), maka rasio ini
saham)
SLIDE 131
RETURN on Investment 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 + 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 (1 − 𝑇𝑎𝑥 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)
𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
SLIDE 132
RETURN on Total Asset
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 + 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 (1 − 𝑇𝑎𝑥 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)
𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡
SLIDE 133
H
ASSET UTILIZATION
RATIO
SLIDE 134
ASSETS Utilization Ratio
▪ Assets utilization ratio (rasio pemanfaatan aset) mengukur seberapa
bisnisnya
SLIDE 135
Terima
kasih
SLIDE 136