Coby Harmon
Beberapa istilah telah disesuaikan dengan PSAK
University of California, Santa Barbara
Westmont College
4-1
Laporan Laba Rugi dan BAB 4
Informasi Terkait
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda diharapkan mampu untuk:
1. Mengidentifikasi penggunaan 4. Menjelaskan pelaporan
dan keterbatasan laporan laba perubahan dan kesalahan
rugi. akuntansi.
2. Jelaskan isi dan format laporan 5. Jelaskan laporan ekuitas
laba rugi. terkait.
3. Diskusikan bagaimana
melaporkan berbagai pos
pendapatan.
4-2
PREVIEW OF CHAPTER 4
Intermediate Accounting
IFRS 3rd Edition
Kieso ● Weygandt ● Warfield
4-3
Tujuan Pembelajaran 1
Laporan Laba Rugi Mengidentifikasi kegunaan dan
keterbatasan laporan laba rugi.
Kegunaan
Mengevaluasi kinerja masa lalu.
4-4 LO 1
Laporan Laba Rugi
Keterbatasan
Perusahaan menghilangkan item yang
tidak dapat diukur dengan andal.
Pengukuran pendapatan
melibatkan penilaian.
4-5 LO 1
Laporan Laba Rugi
Kualitas Laba
Perusahaan memiliki insentif untuk mengelola penghasilan
penurunan liabilitas
4-7 LO 2
Unsur-Unsur Laporan Laba Rugi
Laba meliputi pendapatan dan keuntungan.
Pendapatan - kegiatan rutin dari perusahaan
Keuntungan – dapat atau tidak dapat muncul dari
kegiatan rutin.
timbulnya liabilitas
4-9 LO 2
Unsur-Unsur Laporan Laba Rugi
4-10 LO 2
Laporan Laba 1. Sales or Revenue
2. Cost of Goods Sold
Rugi
Gross Profit
3. Selling Expenses
Komponen
4. Administrative or General Expenses
Antara
5. Other Income and Expense
Perusahaan umumnya Income from Operations
menyajikan beberapa 6. Financing costs
atau semua bagian dan
Income before Income Tax
semua total ini dalam
7. Income Tax
laporan laba rugi.
Income from Continuing Operations
8. Discontinued Operations
Net Income
9. Non-Controlling Interest
10. Earnings Per Share
4-11
Bentuk Laporan
Laba Rugi 1
Mencakup semua
item utama dalam
daftar sebelumnya,
4
kecuali untuk operasi
yang dihentikan.
ILLUSTRATION 4.2 9
Income Statement 10
4-12
Laporan Laba
Rugi Ringkas
ILLUSTRATION 4.3
Condensed Income
Statement
Perusahaan perlu
menyiapkan daftar
tambahan untuk
mendukung angka
ILLUSTRATION 4.4
total tersebut. Sample Supporting
Schedule
4-13
Pelaporan Berbagai Tujuan Pembelajaran 3
Mendiskusikan bagaimana
Item Penghasilan melaporkan berbagai item
penghasilan.
Laba Kotor
Dihitung dengan mengurangi harga pokok penjualan dari
penjualan bersih.
4-14 LO 3
Pelaporan Berbagai Item Penghasilan
4-15 LO 3
Penghasilan dari Operasi
Klasifikasi Beban
Sifat Fungsi
4-16 LO 3
Penghasilan dari Operasi
Klasifikasi Beban
Sifat Fungsi
Harga pokok
penjualan
Beban penjualan
Beban administrasi
4-17 LO 3
Penghasilan dari Operasi
Klasifikasi Beban
Ilustrasi: Firma Telaris Co. melakukan jasa audit, pajak, dan
konsultasi. Ini memiliki pendapatan dan beban sebagai berikut.
4-18 LO 3
Klasifikasi Beban
4-19 LO 3
Klasifikasi Beban
4-21 LO 3
Penghasilan dari Operasi
4-22 LO 3
Penghasilan dari Operasi
4-23 LO 3
Pelaporan Berbagai Item Penghasilan
ILLUSTRATION 4.8
Laba Sebelum Pajak Penghasilan Presentation of
Finance Costs
Illustration 4-8
Laba Bersih
Menyajikan laba setelah seluruh
Pendapatan dan
Beban
4-25 LO 3
Pelaporan Berbagai Item Penghasilan
4-26 LO 3
Laba Per Saham
4-28 LO 3
Operasi yang tidak dilanjutkan
4-29 LO 3
Operasi yang tidak dilanjutkan
4-31
ILLUSTRATION 4.11
Income Statement
Divide by
weighted-
average
shares
outstanding
EPS
4-33 LO 3
Alokasi Pajak Antarperiode
ILLUSTRATION 4.12
4-34 LO 3
Alokasi Pajak Antarperiode
ILLUSTRATION 4.13
4-35 LO 3
Alokasi Pajak Antarperiode
ILLUSTRATION 4.14
4-36 LO 3
Pelaporan Berbagai Item Penghasilan
Alokasi ke Kepentingan Nonpengendali (Non-
Controlling Interest)
Ketika sebuah perusahaan menyiapkan laporan laba rugi
konsolidasian, IFRS mengharuskan laba bersih dialokasikan untuk
kepentingan pengendali dan nonpengendali. Alokasi ini dilaporkan di
bagian bawah laporan laba rugi, setelah laba bersih.
4-37 LO 3
Pelaporan Berbagai Item Penghasilan
BE4-3: Di bawah ini adalah beberapa informasi keuangan yang
terkait dengan Volaire Group. Hitunglah data berikut ini: Other
Income and
Expense
Revenues €800,000 €800,000
Income from continuing operations 100,000 100,000
Comprehensive income 120,000 120,000
Net income 90,000 90,000
Income from operations 220,000 - 220,000
Selling and administrative expenses 500,000 - 500,000
Income before income tax 200,000 200,000
€80,000
4-38 LO 3
Pelaporan Berbagai Item Penghasilan
BE4-3: Di bawah ini adalah beberapa informasi keuangan yang
terkait dengan Volaire Group. Hitunglah data berikut ini:
Financing
Costs
Revenues €800,000 €800,000
Income from continuing operations 100,000 100,000
Comprehensive income 120,000 120,000
Net income 90,000 90,000
Income from operations 220,000 220,000
Selling and administrative expenses 500,000 500,000
Income before income tax 200,000 - 200,000
€20,000
4-39 LO 3
Pelaporan Berbagai Item Penghasilan
BE4-3: Di bawah ini adalah beberapa informasi keuangan yang
terkait dengan Volaire Group. Hitunglah data berikut ini:
Income Tax
4-40 LO 3
Pelaporan Berbagai Item Penghasilan
BE4-3: Di bawah ini adalah beberapa informasi keuangan yang
terkait dengan Volaire Group. Hitunglah data berikut ini:
Discontinued
Operations
Revenues €800,000 €800,000
Income from continuing operations 100,000 100,000
Comprehensive income 120,000 120,000
Net income 90,000 - 90,000
Income from operations 220,000 220,000
Selling and administrative expenses 500,000 500,000
Income before income tax 200,000 200,000
- €10,000
4-41 LO 3
Pelaporan Berbagai Item Penghasilan
BE4-3: Di bawah ini adalah beberapa informasi keuangan yang
terkait dengan Volaire Group. Hitunglah data berikut ini: Other
Comprehensive
Income
Revenues €800,000 €800,000
Income from continuing operations 100,000 100,000
Comprehensive income 120,000 120,000
Net income 90,000 - 90,000
Income from operations 220,000 220,000
Selling and administrative expenses 500,000 500,000
Income before income tax 200,000 200,000
€30,000
4-42 LO 3
Laporan Laba Rugi
4-43 LO 3
Laporan Laba Rugi
4-44 LO 3
Perubahan Akuntansi Tujuan Pembelajaran 4
Menjelaskan pelaporan yang terkait
dan Kesalahan perubahan akuntansi dan kesalahan.
Contoh meliputi:
► Perubahan dari FIFO ke Biaya Rata-Rata.
4-45 LO 4
Perubahan dalam Prinsip Akuntansi
ILLUSTRATION 4.17
Pretax Income Data Calculation of a Change in
Accounting Principle
ILLUSTRATION 4.18
Income Statement
Presentation of a Change
in Accounting Principle
(Based on 30% tax rate)
4-46 LO 4
Perubahan Akuntansi
Pertanyaan:
4-48 LO 4
Setelah
Perubahan dalam Estimasi Akuntansi 7 tahun
4-49 LO 4
Setelah
Perubahan dalam Estimasi Akuntansi 7 tahun
4-50 LO 4
Kesalahan Akuntansi
Perbaikan Kesalahan
Hasil dari:
► Kesalahan matematis.
4-51 LO 4
Perbaikan Kesalahan
4-52 LO 4
Kesalahan Akuntansi
ILLUSTRATION 4.19
Ringkasan Summary of Accounting
Changes and Errors
4-53 LO 4
Kesalahan Akuntansi
ILLUSTRATION 4.19
Ringkasan Summary of Accounting
Changes and Errors
4-54 LO 4
Kesalahan Akuntansi
ILLUSTRATION 4.19
Ringkasan Summary of Accounting
Changes and Errors
4-55 LO 4
Laporan Ekuitas Tujuan Pembelajaran 5
Menjelaskan laporan ekuitas
Terkait terkait.
Peningkatan Penurunan
Laba bersih Rugi bersih
Perubahan dalam Dividen
prinsip akuntansi Perubahan dalan
Penyesuaian periode prinsip akuntansi
sebelumnya Penyesuaian periode
sebelumnya
4-56 LO 5
Laporan Saldo Laba
CHOI LTD.
Statement of Retained Earnings
For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
4-58 LO 5
Laporan Saldo Laba
*) jumlah laba yang ditahan suatu perusahaan yang telah diperuntukan bagi
keperluan terentu, sehingga tidak boleh dibagikan sebagai dividen kepada
pemegang saham
4-59 LO 5
Laporan Ekuitas Terkait
Penghasilan Komprehensif
Semua perubahan ekuitas selama suatu periode kecuali yang
dihasilkan dari investasi oleh pemilik dan distribusi kepada
pemilik.
Termasuk:
4-60 LO 5
Penghasilan Komprehensif
Laba Bersih
Income Statement (in thousands)
Other Comprehensive
Sales
Cost of goods sold
$ 285,000
149,000
+ Income
Gross profit 136,000
Unrealized gains and
Operating expenses:
Selling expenses 10,000 losses on non-trading
Administrative expenses 43,000 equity securities.
Total operating expense 53,000
Translation gains and
Income from operations 83,000
Other revenue (expense):
losses on foreign
Interest revenue 17,000 currency.
Interest expense (21,000) Plus others
Total other (4,000)
Income before taxes 79,000
Income tax expense 24,000 Reported in Equity
Net income $ 55,000
4-61 LO 5
Penghasilan Komprehensif
4-62 LO 5
Penghasilan Komprehensif
Keunggulan –
tidak memerlukan
pembuatan
laporan keuangan
baru.
Kekurangan -
laba bersih
terbenam sebagai
subtotal pada
laporan.
4-63 LO 5
Penghasilan Komprehensif
ILLUSTRATION 4.22
Two Statement Format:
Comprehensive Income
4-64
Laporan Ekuitas Terkait
4-65 LO 5
Laporan Perubahan Ekuitas
4-66 LO 5
Laporan Perubahan Ekuitas
ILLUSTRATION 4.23
Statement of Changes in Equity
4-67 LO 5
Laporan Perubahan Ekuitas
ILLUSTRATION 4.24
Presentation of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in the Statement of Financial Position LO 5
4-68
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in
Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the
express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
Request for further information should be addressed to the
Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser
may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for
distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for
errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these
programs or from the use of the information contained herein.
4-69
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 6
Compare the income statement under IFRS and U.S. GAAP.
Standards issued by the FASB (U.S. GAAP) are the primary global alternative
to IFRS. As in IFRS, the income statement is a required statement for U.S.
GAAP. In addition, the content and presentation of the U.S. GAAP income
statement is similar to the one used for IFRS. A number of U.S. GAAP
standards have been issued that provide guidance on issues related to income
statement presentation.
4-70 LO 6
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Following are the key similarities and differences between U.S. GAAP and
IFRS related to the income statement.
Similarities
• Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS require companies to indicate the amount of net
income attributable to non-controlling interest. Extraordinary-item reporting
is prohibited under IFRS and U.S. GAAP.
• Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS follow the same presentation guidelines for
discontinued operations, but IFRS defines a discontinued operation more
narrowly. Both standard-setters have indicated a willingness to develop a
similar definition to be used in the joint project on financial statement
presentation.
4-71 LO 6
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Similarities
• Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS have items that are recognized in equity as part
of other comprehensive income but do not affect net income. Both U.S.
GAAP and IFRS allow a one statement or two statement approach to
preparing the statement of comprehensive income.
Differences
• Presentation of the income statement under U.S. GAAP follows either a
single-step or multiple-step format. IFRS does not mention a single-step or
multiple-step approach.
4-72 LO 6
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Differences
• The U.S. SEC requires companies to have a functional presentation of
expenses. Under IFRS, companies must classify expenses by either nature
or function. U.S. GAAP does not have that requirement.
• U.S. GAAP has no minimum information requirements for the income
statement. However, the U.S. SEC rules have more rigorous presentation
requirements. IFRS identifies certain minimum items that should be
presented on the income statement.
• U.S. SEC regulations define many key measures and provide requirements
and limitations on companies reporting non-U.S. GAAP information. IFRS
does not define key measures like income from operations.
4-73 LO 6
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Differences
• U.S. GAAP does not permit revaluation accounting. Under IFRS,
revaluation of property, plant, and equipment, and intangible assets is
permitted and is reported as other comprehensive income. The effect of this
difference is that application of IFRS results in more transactions affecting
equity but not net income.
4-74 LO 6
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
4-75 LO 6
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
On the Horizon
The IASB and FASB are working on a project that would rework the structure
of financial statements. One stage of this project will address the issue of how
to classify various items in the income statement. A main goal of this new
approach is to provide information that better represents how businesses are
run. In addition, this approach draws attention away from just one number—
net income.
4-76 LO 6
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in
Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the
express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
Request for further information should be addressed to the
Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser
may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for
distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for
errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these
programs or from the use of the information contained herein.
4-77