MEKANIKA FLUIDA
Sesi 2
• Pada airan laminar (NRe < 2000) • Eksperimen oleh Nikurdase (1933)
→ kecepatan rata-rata → faktor friksi dipengaruhi oleh
dinyatakan sebagai: bilangan Reynolds dan kekasaran
permukaan pipa
TK 2107 Mekanika Fluida dan 07. Kebutuhan Energi pada Aliran Fluida
32
Partikel Nyata
Head Loss at Pipe Entrance Head Loss at Pipe Exit
TK 2107 Mekanika Fluida dan 07. Kebutuhan Energi pada Aliran Fluida
33
Partikel Nyata
Latihan Soal
z1 = z 2
u1 = u 2
p1 = 3.223 atm
Energy equation (w/o pump) • Energy rate per mass flow rate
(J/kg):
P = 5 bar
Δz = 2 m
• Equation in head form (m):
P atm
• Pump head (hp) and friction head
loss (hf )
• Energy equation per mass flow rate • Energy equation in head form (m):
(J/kg):
• NPSH:
or NPSH A > NPSH R
Matrikulasi S2 Mekanika Fluida 58
Net Positive Suction Head
Kasus A
2 2
1
Zd Zd
Zs
Zs
1
Pv Ps − Pv
NPSH = hs − = zs + − h fs
g g Kasus B
Pv Ps − Pv
NPSH = hs − = − zs + − h fs
Matrikulasi S2 Mekanika Fluida
g g 59
Kurva Operasi vs Performansi
Pompa
e. Hitung NPSH pompa jika diketahui tekanan uap cairan adalah 3,168 kPa.
P P −P
NPSH = hs − v = − z s + s v − h fs
g g
• 275 gpm intersects the system curve in Fig. 8-2 (at 219 ft of head) falls between
impeller diameters of 71/4 and 73/4 in. Thus, the 71/4 in. diameter would be too
small, so we would need the 73/4 in. diameter impeller. However, if the pump
with this impeller is installed in the system, the operating point would move
to the point indicated by the X in Fig. 8-2 (head of 250 ft and a flow rate of 290 gpm
• One way to achieve the desired flow rate of 275 gpm would be to close down on the
valve until this value is achieved. This will shift the system curve upward until it
intersects the 734 in. impeller curve at the desired flow rate of 275 gpm. The pump
will still provide 250 ft of head, but about 30 ft of this head is ‘‘lost’’ (dissipated)
TK 2107 Mekanika Fluida dan
06. Pompa dan Blower 69
Partikel
Latihan Soal
• One way to achieve the desired flow rate of 275 gpm would be to close down on the
valve until this value is achieved. This will shift the system curve upward until it
intersects the 734 in. impeller curve at the desired flow rate of 275 gpm. The pump
will still provide 250 ft of head, but about 30 ft of this head is ‘‘lost’’ (dissipated)
• The pump efficiency at this operating point is about 47% , and the motor power (Hp)
required to pump water at 600F at this point is 37 hp.
• A more efficient way of controlling the flow rate, instead of closing the valve, might
be to adjust the speed of the impeller by using a variable speed drive. This would
save energy because it would not increase the friction loss as does closing down on
the valve, but it would require greater capital cost because variable speed drives are
more expensive than fixed speed motors.
Kompresor Politropik
• Efisiensi politropik
• Kompresor juga memiliki efisiensi
mekanik (m) → muncul akibat kerja
rotasi mekanik dari alat di dalam
kompresor
• Kebutuhan daya: • Kebutuhan daya aktual:
𝑘−1
𝑘 𝑝2 𝑘
−𝑤 = 𝑝1 𝑣1 1 −
𝑘−1 𝑝1