RANCANGAN PELEDAKAN
*RENCANA VOLUME PRODUKSI, FRAGMENTASI
*SISTEM PENYALAAN
*KONSUMSI BAHAN PELEDAK DAN PERLENGKAPANNYA
*POWDER FACTOR
KELUARAN
*TONASE
*FRAGMENTASI
*PROFIL TIMBUNAN
*EFEK PELEDAKAN
1. GEOLOGI
BURDEN (B)
Kb X De Kb X De
B = ------------ ft ATAU B = ----------- m
12 39,3
B = Burden ;
Kb = Burden Ratio;
De = Diameter bahan peledak, inci
Bobot isi batuan standart : (Dst) = 160 lb/ft3
Bahan peledak standart : SGst = 1,2
Vest = VODst = 12.000 ft/det
Kbst = 30
Faktor Penyesuaian :
Batuan yang akan diledakkan (Af1)
Bahan peledak yang dipakai (Af2)
Kbterkoreksi = Kbst x Af1 x Af2 = 30 x Af1 x Af2
Dengan :
Jadi :
Kbterkoreksi x De
B = -------------------- m
39,3
Ks = S/B
Ks = Spacing ratio (1,00 – 2,00)
S = Ks x B
Kt = T/B
Kt = Stemming ratio (0,75 – 1,00)
T = Kt x B
Fungsi Stemming
-meningkatkan confining pressure dari akumulasi gas hasil ledakan
-menyeimbangkan tekanan di daerah stemming
Kh = H/B
Kh = Hole depth ratio (1,50 – 4,00)
H = Kh x B
Kj = J/B
Kj = Subdrilling ratio (0,2 – 0,3)
J = Kj x B
PC = H – T
PF = W/E
PF = V/E
PF = E/W
PF = E/V
TARGET PRODUKSI, ton/bln, m3/peledakan
Pertimbangan geometri
penggalian Karakteristik batuan
berdasarkan : Dst, D
Luas daerah kerja
Jangkauan alat muat Karakteristik handak
SGstd, Vestd, SG, Ve
Diameter Lubang Ledak
De
KbStd = 1/ 3
SGxVe2
1/ 3
Af 2 D
30 Af1 Std
SGStd xVeStd D
Geometri peledakan :
KbxDe
B meter
39,3
H = Kh/B ............Kh = 1,5 – 4,0
Gambar 4.
Tahapan perhitungan rancangan peledakan menurut Teori RL. Ash.
B.
Burden (B)
B = 3,15 De (SGe/SGr)0,33
B = ((2SGe/SGr) + 1,5)De
B = 0,67 De (Stv/SGr)0,33
B = Burden, ft
De = Diameter Bahan Peledak, inci
SGe = SG Bahan Peledak
SGr = SG Batuan
Stv = relative bulk strength (ANFO = 100)
Faktor Koreksi Terhadap Jumlah Baris Lubang Ledak
Burden terkoreksi :
Bc = Kr x Kd x Ks x B
T = 0,45 x De x (Stv/SGr)0,33 , ft
T = 0,7 B
J = 0,3 B
If the subdrilling is small, the rock will not be completely sheared off at floor level,
which will result in toe appearance and a considerable increase in loading costs.
However, if the subdrilling is excessive, the following will occur:
- An increase in drilling and blasting costs.
- An increase in vibration level.
- Excessive fragmentation in the top part of the underlying bench, causing drilling
problems of the Same and affecting slope stability in the end zones of the Open
pit.
Bending conditions in
bench blasting with
different H/B ratios
(Ash).
Sands,loams,marls,coals 1.8-2.1
Some limestones, rock salt, shales 1.5-1.8
Compact limestones and marbles, granites, and bassalt, 1.2-1.5
quartzite rocks, gneisses and gabbroe
Diabase, diabase porphyrites, compact gneisses and 0.9-1.2
micashists, magnetites
Peledakan Beruntun Antar Baris Lubang Ledak
Persamaan untuk menentukan waktu tunda antar baris lubang ledak adalah :
tr = TR x B
tr = waktu tunda antar baris lubang ledak (ms)
TR = konstanta waktu tunda
B = Burden, ft
E = Pc x de x N
Jawab soal
Loading density, de
de = 0,508 (De2) SG = 0,508 (3,5)2 (0,8) = 4,9784 kg/m
B = 0,67 x De (Stv/Sgr)0,33
B = 0,67 x 3,5 (100/2,35)0,33 = 8,085 ft = 2,46 m
Brata2 = 2,376 m
0
8
6
4
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Konya :
B = 2,30 m
S = 2 B = 4,60 m
T = 0,7 B = 1,60 m
J = 0,3 B = 0,70 m
L = 4 B = 9,20 m
H = L + J = 9,20 + 0,70 = 9,90 m
Pc = H – T = 9,90 – 1,60 = 8,30 m
Volume batuan terbongkar : 4479,2834 m3
Tinggi batuan terbongkar (L) : 9,20 m
Lebar batuan terbongkar (Lb): 4 x B = 4 x 2,30 m = 9,20 m
Panjang batuan terbongkar (P) : 4479,2834 : (9,20 x 9,20) = 52,92 m
Jumlah lubang ledak (N) :
r((P-2B)/S + 3) = 4((52,92-4,60)/4,60 + 3) = 54 = 56
Panjang batuan terbongkar (P) : 11xS+2B = 11X4,60+4,60 = 55,20 m
Volume batuan terbongkar : PxLbXL = 55,2x9,2x9,2 = 4672,128 m3
Loading density (de) : 0,508 (De2) SG = 0,508 (3,5)2 (0,8) = 4,9784 kg/m
Kebutuhan ANFO per lubang : PCxde = 8,30x4,9784 = 41,321 kg
Kebutuhan Primer per lubang : 2x0,25 = 0,50 kg
Kebutuhan bahan peledak per lubang : 41,321 + 0,50 = 41,821 kg
Kebutuhan bahan peledak keseluruhan : 56 x 41,821 = 2341,976 kg
Powder Factor : 2341,976 kg/4672,128 m3 = 0,5012 kg/m3
Kebutuhan detonator : no. 1 = 12; no. 2 = 14 ; no. 3 = 14 ; no. 4 = 14
no. 5 = 2
SELESAI