Dampak Perubahan Indeks Ionosfer
Dampak Perubahan Indeks Ionosfer
Sri Suhartini
Peneliti Bidang Ionosfer dan Telekomunikasi, Pusat Sains Antariksa, Lapan
e-mail: srilpnbdg@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Ionospheric index (T index) is the indicator of the highest radio waves frequency
that can be returned by the ionosphere. In the frequency prediction using ASAPS
software, the T index is one of the main inputs. If there is a change in value of the T
index of 25, it is recommended to recalculate the frequency predictions. The analysis
conducted on predicted MUF (Maximum Usable Frequency) for 6 communication
circuits and 6 value of T index with a difference of 25, indicates that change in MUF
value is greater at night, with a peak at midnight. One contributing factor is the
decrease in the height of the ionosphere F layer and a decrease in foF2 at night.
Maximum change in lower T index was 4.8 MHz, whereas at high T index of 3.7 MHz.
Effect of communication distance on the MUF percentage change indicating that the
MUF change estimation can be done based on the MUF percentage changes without
having to take into account the distance of communication. The effect of T index
changes to the MUF value is larger if the communication distance is greater. ΔMUF has
the highest value at 00:00 hours, with a maximum of 4.8 MHz on circuits 6 (distance
2763 km). ΔMUF minimum value occurred at 14:00 hours, with the lowest value of 0.2
MHz on circuit 4 (distance 1658 km).
Keywords: foF2, T index, Frequency prediction, MUF
ABSTRAK
4
∆ MUF1 (MHz)
Sirkit 1
Sirkit 2
3
Sirkit 3
2 Sirkit 4
Sirkit 5
1 Sirkit 6
0
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00
Waktu (WIB)
Lapisan F ionosfer
I2
I1
2
MUF
atau h
Tx d Rx1 Rx2
Gambar 3-2: Sirkit komunikasi Tx ke Rx1 dan Tx ke Rx2
62
Dampak Perubahan Indeks Ionosfer Terhadap ......(Sri Suhartini)
semakin kecil dengan semakin tingginya dibandingkan dengan nilai MUF yang
indeks T, (2) untuk menghitung persentase semakin besar dengan semakin tingginya
perubahannya, nilai perubahan MUF indeks T.
500
450
Ketinggian lapisan F (km)
400
350 Jan
Feb
300 Mar
250
200
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00
WIB
(a)
16
14
12
foF2 (MHz)
10
8 Jan
6 Feb
Mar
4
0
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00
WIB
(b)
7 1,8
Perubahan MUF Prediksi (MHz)
1,6
6
1,4
Perubahan MUF Data
5
1,2
4
(MHz)
3 0,8
0,6
2
0,4
1
0,2
0 0
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00
WIB
(c)
Gambar 3-3: Rata-rata ketinggian lapisan F (h’F) (a), frekuensi kritis lapisan F (foF2) (b) ionosfer di
Sumedang bulan Januari, Februari dan Maret 201, serta ∆MUF1 hasil prediksi ASAPS
dan hasil perhitungan menggunakan rumus 3-1 dan data Sumedang untuk sirkit 2
(jarak 553 km) (c)
64
Dampak Perubahan Indeks Ionosfer Terhadap ......(Sri Suhartini)
6
30%
∆ MUF1 (MHz)
5 25%
4
% ∆MUF1
20%
3 15%
2 10%
1 5%
0 0%
0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00
6
30%
5
∆ MUF 2 (MHz)
25%
% ∆MUF2
4
20%
3
15%
2 10%
1 5%
0 0%
0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00
6
30%
5
∆MUF3 (MHz)
25%
4
% ∆MUF3
20%
3
15%
2
10%
1 5%
0 0%
0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00
6
30%
5 25%
∆MUF4 (MHz)
% ∆MUF4
4 20%
3 15%
2 10%
1 5%
0 0%
0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00
6
30%
5
25%
∆MUF5 (MHz)
4 20%
% ∆MUF5
3 15%
2 10%
1 5%
0 0%
0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00
Gambar 3-4: ∆MUF1- 6 (kiri) dan % ∆MUF 1 - 6 (kanan) masing-masing untuk 6 sirkit
65
Majalah Sains dan Teknologi Dirgantara Vol. 8 No. 2 Juni 2013 :60-69
6 6
5 Jam 0:00
Jam 12:00
∆MUF (MHz)
∆MUF (MHz)
4 4
3
2 2
1
0 0
300 553 1105 1658 2211 2763 300 553 1105 1658 2211 2763
Jarak (Km) Jarak (Km)
6 6
5 Jam 14:00
Jam 2:00
∆MUF (MHz)
∆MUF (MHz)
4 4
3
2 2
1
0 0
300 553 1105 1658 2211 2763 300 553 1105 1658 2211 2763
Jarak (Km) Jarak (Km)
6 6
∆MUF (MHz)
4 4
2 2
0 0
300 553 1105 1658 2211 2763 300 553 1105 1658 2211 2763
Jarak (Km) Jarak (Km)
66
Dampak Perubahan Indeks Ionosfer Terhadap ......(Sri Suhartini)
6 6
5 Jam 6:00 Jam 18:00
∆MUF (MHz)
∆MUF (MHz)
4 4
3
2 2
1
0 0
300 553 1105 1658 2211 2763 300 553 1105 1658 2211 2763
Jarak (Km) Jarak (Km)
6 6
5 Jam 8:00 Jam 20:00
∆MUF (MHz)
∆MUF (MHz)
4 4
3
2 2
1
0 0
300 553 1105 1658 2211 2763 300 553 1105 1658 2211 2763
Jarak (Km) Jarak (Km)
6
6
5 Jam 10:00 Jam 22:00
∆MUF (MHz)
∆MUF (MHz)
4 4
3
2 2
1
0 0
300 553 1105 1658 2211 2763 300 553 1105 1658 2211 2763
Jarak (Km) Jarak (Km)
Gambar 3-5: ∆MUF1-∆MUF6 untuk jam yang sama sebagai fungsi jarak
terendah 0,2 MHz pada sirkit 4 (jarak and Direction Finding, Krieger
1658 Km). Publishing Company, Malabar,
Florida.
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